refactor: sanitize cache config in DatanodeOptions and StandaloneOptions

Signed-off-by: zyy17 <zyylsxm@gmail.com>

.cargo/config.toml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 linker = "aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc"
 
 [alias]
-sqlness = "run --bin sqlness-runner --"
+sqlness = "run --bin sqlness-runner --target-dir target/sqlness --"
 
 [unstable.git]
 shallow_index = true
@@ -12,3 +12,6 @@ fetch = true
 checkout = true
 list_files = true
 internal_use_git2 = false
+
+[env]
+CARGO_WORKSPACE_DIR = { value = "", relative = true }

.coderabbit.yaml

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-# yaml-language-server: $schema=https://coderabbit.ai/integrations/schema.v2.json
-language: "en-US"
-early_access: false
-reviews:
-  profile: "chill"
-  request_changes_workflow: false
-  high_level_summary: true
-  poem: true
-  review_status: true
-  collapse_walkthrough: false
-  auto_review:
-    enabled: false
-    drafts: false
-chat:
-  auto_reply: true

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 * @GreptimeTeam/db-approver
 
-## [Module] Databse Engine
+## [Module] Database Engine
 /src/index @zhongzc
 /src/mito2 @evenyag @v0y4g3r @waynexia
 /src/query @evenyag

.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts/action.yml

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ runs:
       uses: ./.github/actions/build-greptime-binary
       with:
         base-image: ubuntu
-        features: servers/dashboard,pg_kvbackend,mysql_kvbackend
+        features: servers/dashboard
         cargo-profile: ${{ inputs.cargo-profile }}
         artifacts-dir: greptime-linux-${{ inputs.arch }}-${{ inputs.version }}
         version: ${{ inputs.version }}
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ runs:
       if: ${{ inputs.arch == 'amd64' && inputs.dev-mode == 'false' }} # Builds greptime for centos if the host machine is amd64.
       with:
         base-image: centos
-        features: servers/dashboard,pg_kvbackend,mysql_kvbackend
+        features: servers/dashboard
         cargo-profile: ${{ inputs.cargo-profile }}
         artifacts-dir: greptime-linux-${{ inputs.arch }}-centos-${{ inputs.version }}
         version: ${{ inputs.version }}

.github/actions/build-windows-artifacts/action.yml

@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ runs:
       shell: pwsh
       run: make test sqlness-test
       env:
-        RUSTUP_WINDOWS_PATH_ADD_BIN: 1 # Workaround for https://github.com/nextest-rs/nextest/issues/1493
         RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
         SQLNESS_OPTS: "--preserve-state"
 

.github/actions/release-cn-artifacts/action.yaml

@@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ inputs:
   upload-max-retry-times:
     description: Max retry times for uploading artifacts to S3
     required: false
-    default: "20"
+    default: "30"
   upload-retry-timeout:
     description: Timeout for uploading artifacts to S3
     required: false
-    default: "30" # minutes
+    default: "120" # minutes
 runs:
   using: composite
   steps:

.github/actions/setup-etcd-cluster/action.yml

@@ -24,4 +24,9 @@ runs:
         --set auth.rbac.token.enabled=false \
         --set persistence.size=2Gi \
         --create-namespace \
+        --set global.security.allowInsecureImages=true \
+        --set image.registry=docker.io \
+        --set image.repository=greptime/etcd \
+        --set image.tag=3.6.1-debian-12-r3 \
+        --version 12.0.8 \
         -n ${{ inputs.namespace }}

.github/actions/setup-greptimedb-cluster/action.yml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ inputs:
     default: 2
     description: "Number of Datanode replicas"
   meta-replicas:
-    default: 1
+    default: 2
     description: "Number of Metasrv replicas"
   image-registry:
     default: "docker.io"
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ runs:
     run: |
       helm upgrade \
         --install my-greptimedb \
-        --set meta.etcdEndpoints=${{ inputs.etcd-endpoints }} \
+        --set meta.backendStorage.etcd.endpoints=${{ inputs.etcd-endpoints }} \
         --set meta.enableRegionFailover=${{ inputs.enable-region-failover }} \
         --set image.registry=${{ inputs.image-registry }} \
         --set image.repository=${{ inputs.image-repository }}  \
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ runs:
         --set base.podTemplate.main.resources.requests.cpu=50m \
         --set base.podTemplate.main.resources.requests.memory=256Mi \
         --set base.podTemplate.main.resources.limits.cpu=2000m \
-        --set base.podTemplate.main.resources.limits.memory=2Gi \
+        --set base.podTemplate.main.resources.limits.memory=3Gi \
         --set frontend.replicas=${{ inputs.frontend-replicas }} \
         --set datanode.replicas=${{ inputs.datanode-replicas }} \
         --set meta.replicas=${{ inputs.meta-replicas }} \

.github/actions/setup-greptimedb-cluster/with-remote-wal.yaml

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+logging:
+  level: "info"
+  format: "json"
+  filters:
+  - log_store=debug
 meta:
   configData: |-
     [runtime]
@@ -7,7 +12,8 @@ meta:
     provider = "kafka"
     broker_endpoints = ["kafka.kafka-cluster.svc.cluster.local:9092"]
     num_topics = 3
-
+    auto_prune_interval = "30s"
+    trigger_flush_threshold = 100
 
     [datanode]
     [datanode.client]
@@ -21,7 +27,7 @@ datanode:
     [wal]
     provider = "kafka"
     broker_endpoints = ["kafka.kafka-cluster.svc.cluster.local:9092"]
-    linger = "2ms"
+    overwrite_entry_start_id = true
 frontend:
   configData: |-
     [runtime]

.github/actions/setup-kafka-cluster/action.yml

@@ -23,4 +23,8 @@ runs:
         --set listeners.controller.protocol=PLAINTEXT \
         --set listeners.client.protocol=PLAINTEXT \
         --create-namespace \
+        --set image.registry=docker.io \
+        --set image.repository=greptime/kafka \
+        --set image.tag=3.9.0-debian-12-r1 \
+        --version 31.0.0 \
         -n ${{ inputs.namespace }}

.github/actions/setup-postgres-cluster/action.yml

@@ -6,9 +6,7 @@ inputs:
     description: "Number of PostgreSQL replicas"
   namespace:
     default: "postgres-namespace"
-  postgres-version:
+    description: "The PostgreSQL namespace"
-    default: "14.2"
-    description: "PostgreSQL version"
   storage-size:
     default: "1Gi"
     description: "Storage size for PostgreSQL"
@@ -22,7 +20,11 @@ runs:
       helm upgrade \
         --install postgresql oci://registry-1.docker.io/bitnamicharts/postgresql \
         --set replicaCount=${{ inputs.postgres-replicas }} \
-        --set image.tag=${{ inputs.postgres-version }} \
+        --set global.security.allowInsecureImages=true \
+        --set image.registry=docker.io \
+        --set image.repository=greptime/postgresql \
+        --set image.tag=17.5.0-debian-12-r3 \
+        --version 16.7.4 \
         --set persistence.size=${{ inputs.storage-size }} \
         --set postgresql.username=greptimedb \
         --set postgresql.password=admin \

.github/labeler.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+ci:
+  - changed-files:
+      - any-glob-to-any-file: .github/**
+
+docker:
+  - changed-files:
+      - any-glob-to-any-file: docker/**
+
+documentation:
+  - changed-files:
+      - any-glob-to-any-file: docs/**
+
+dashboard:
+  - changed-files:
+      - any-glob-to-any-file: grafana/**

.github/scripts/check-version.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Get current version
+CURRENT_VERSION=$1
+if [ -z "$CURRENT_VERSION" ]; then
+  echo "Error: Failed to get current version"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+# Get the latest version from GitHub Releases
+API_RESPONSE=$(curl -s "https://api.github.com/repos/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/releases/latest")
+
+if [ -z "$API_RESPONSE" ] || [ "$(echo "$API_RESPONSE" | jq -r '.message')" = "Not Found" ]; then
+  echo "Error: Failed to fetch latest version from GitHub"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+# Get the latest version
+LATEST_VERSION=$(echo "$API_RESPONSE" | jq -r '.tag_name')
+
+if [ -z "$LATEST_VERSION" ] || [ "$LATEST_VERSION" = "null" ]; then
+  echo "Error: No valid version found in GitHub releases"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+# Cleaned up version number format (removed possible 'v' prefix and -nightly suffix)
+CLEAN_CURRENT=$(echo "$CURRENT_VERSION" | sed 's/^v//' | sed 's/-nightly-.*//')
+CLEAN_LATEST=$(echo "$LATEST_VERSION" | sed 's/^v//' | sed 's/-nightly-.*//')
+
+echo "Current version: $CLEAN_CURRENT"
+echo "Latest release version: $CLEAN_LATEST"
+
+# Use sort -V to compare versions
+HIGHER_VERSION=$(printf "%s\n%s" "$CLEAN_CURRENT" "$CLEAN_LATEST" | sort -V | tail -n1)
+
+if [ "$HIGHER_VERSION" = "$CLEAN_CURRENT" ]; then
+  echo "Current version ($CLEAN_CURRENT) is NEWER than or EQUAL to latest ($CLEAN_LATEST)"
+  echo "is-current-version-latest=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+else
+  echo "Current version ($CLEAN_CURRENT) is OLDER than latest ($CLEAN_LATEST)"
+  echo "is-current-version-latest=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+fi

.github/scripts/create-version.sh

@@ -8,24 +8,25 @@ set -e
 # - If it's a nightly build, the version is 'nightly-YYYYMMDD-$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)', like 'nightly-20230712-e5b243c'.
 # create_version ${GIHUB_EVENT_NAME} ${NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION} ${NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX}
 function create_version() {
-  # Read from envrionment variables.
+  # Read from environment variables.
   if [ -z "$GITHUB_EVENT_NAME" ]; then
-      echo "GITHUB_EVENT_NAME is empty"
+      echo "GITHUB_EVENT_NAME is empty" >&2
       exit 1
   fi
 
   if [ -z "$NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION" ]; then
-      echo "NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION is empty"
+      echo "NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION is empty, use version from Cargo.toml" >&2
-      exit 1
+      # NOTE: Need a `v` prefix for the version string.
+      export NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION=v$(grep '^version = ' Cargo.toml | cut -d '"' -f 2 | head -n 1)
   fi
 
   if [ -z "$NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX" ]; then
-      echo "NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX is empty"
+      echo "NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX is empty" >&2
       exit 1
   fi
 
   # Reuse $NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION to identify whether it's a nightly build.
-  # It will be like 'nigtly-20230808-7d0d8dc6'.
+  # It will be like 'nightly-20230808-7d0d8dc6'.
   if [ "$NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION" = nightly ]; then
     echo "$NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX-$(date "+%Y%m%d")-$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
     exit 0
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ function create_version() {
   # It will be like 'dev-2023080819-f0e7216c'.
   if [ "$NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION" = dev ]; then
     if [ -z "$COMMIT_SHA" ]; then
-      echo "COMMIT_SHA is empty in dev build"
+      echo "COMMIT_SHA is empty in dev build" >&2
       exit 1
     fi
     echo "dev-$(date "+%Y%m%d-%s")-$(echo "$COMMIT_SHA" | cut -c1-8)"
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ function create_version() {
   # Note: Only output 'version=xxx' to stdout when everything is ok, so that it can be used in GitHub Actions Outputs.
   if [ "$GITHUB_EVENT_NAME" = push ]; then
     if [ -z "$GITHUB_REF_NAME" ]; then
-      echo "GITHUB_REF_NAME is empty in push event"
+      echo "GITHUB_REF_NAME is empty in push event" >&2
       exit 1
     fi
     echo "$GITHUB_REF_NAME"
@@ -54,15 +55,15 @@ function create_version() {
   elif [ "$GITHUB_EVENT_NAME" = schedule ]; then
     echo "$NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION-$NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX-$(date "+%Y%m%d")"
   else
-    echo "Unsupported GITHUB_EVENT_NAME: $GITHUB_EVENT_NAME"
+    echo "Unsupported GITHUB_EVENT_NAME: $GITHUB_EVENT_NAME" >&2
     exit 1
   fi
 }
 
 # You can run as following examples:
-#  GITHUB_EVENT_NAME=push NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION=v0.4.0 NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX=nigtly GITHUB_REF_NAME=v0.3.0 ./create-version.sh
+#  GITHUB_EVENT_NAME=push NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION=v0.4.0 NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX=nightly GITHUB_REF_NAME=v0.3.0 ./create-version.sh
-#  GITHUB_EVENT_NAME=workflow_dispatch NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION=v0.4.0 NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX=nigtly ./create-version.sh
+#  GITHUB_EVENT_NAME=workflow_dispatch NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION=v0.4.0 NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX=nightly ./create-version.sh
-#  GITHUB_EVENT_NAME=schedule NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION=v0.4.0 NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX=nigtly ./create-version.sh
+#  GITHUB_EVENT_NAME=schedule NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION=v0.4.0 NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX=nightly ./create-version.sh
-#  GITHUB_EVENT_NAME=schedule NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION=nightly NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX=nigtly ./create-version.sh
+#  GITHUB_EVENT_NAME=schedule NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION=nightly NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX=nightly ./create-version.sh
-#  GITHUB_EVENT_NAME=workflow_dispatch COMMIT_SHA=f0e7216c4bb6acce9b29a21ec2d683be2e3f984a NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION=dev NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX=nigtly ./create-version.sh
+#  GITHUB_EVENT_NAME=workflow_dispatch COMMIT_SHA=f0e7216c4bb6acce9b29a21ec2d683be2e3f984a NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION=dev NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX=nightly ./create-version.sh
 create_version

.github/scripts/deploy-greptimedb.sh

@@ -3,14 +3,16 @@
 set -e
 set -o pipefail
 
-KUBERNETES_VERSION="${KUBERNETES_VERSION:-v1.24.0}"
+KUBERNETES_VERSION="${KUBERNETES_VERSION:-v1.32.0}"
 ENABLE_STANDALONE_MODE="${ENABLE_STANDALONE_MODE:-true}"
 DEFAULT_INSTALL_NAMESPACE=${DEFAULT_INSTALL_NAMESPACE:-default}
 GREPTIMEDB_IMAGE_TAG=${GREPTIMEDB_IMAGE_TAG:-latest}
-ETCD_CHART="oci://registry-1.docker.io/bitnamicharts/etcd"
 GREPTIME_CHART="https://greptimeteam.github.io/helm-charts/"
+ETCD_CHART="oci://registry-1.docker.io/bitnamicharts/etcd"
+ETCD_CHART_VERSION="${ETCD_CHART_VERSION:-12.0.8}"
+ETCD_IMAGE_TAG="${ETCD_IMAGE_TAG:-3.6.1-debian-12-r3}"
 
-# Ceate a cluster with 1 control-plane node and 5 workers.
+# Create a cluster with 1 control-plane node and 5 workers.
 function create_kind_cluster() {
   cat <<EOF | kind create cluster --name "${CLUSTER}" --image kindest/node:"$KUBERNETES_VERSION" --config=-
 kind: Cluster
@@ -35,10 +37,16 @@ function add_greptime_chart() {
 function deploy_etcd_cluster() {
   local namespace="$1"
 
-  helm install etcd "$ETCD_CHART" \
+  helm upgrade --install etcd "$ETCD_CHART" \
+    --version "$ETCD_CHART_VERSION" \
+    --create-namespace \
     --set replicaCount=3 \
     --set auth.rbac.create=false \
     --set auth.rbac.token.enabled=false \
+    --set global.security.allowInsecureImages=true \
+    --set image.registry=docker.io \
+    --set image.repository=greptime/etcd \
+    --set image.tag="$ETCD_IMAGE_TAG" \
     -n "$namespace"
 
   # Wait for etcd cluster to be ready.
@@ -48,7 +56,8 @@ function deploy_etcd_cluster() {
 # Deploy greptimedb-operator.
 function deploy_greptimedb_operator() {
   # Use the latest chart and image.
-  helm install greptimedb-operator greptime/greptimedb-operator \
+  helm upgrade --install greptimedb-operator greptime/greptimedb-operator \
+    --create-namespace \
     --set image.tag=latest \
     -n "$DEFAULT_INSTALL_NAMESPACE"
 
@@ -66,9 +75,11 @@ function deploy_greptimedb_cluster() {
 
   deploy_etcd_cluster "$install_namespace"
 
-  helm install "$cluster_name" greptime/greptimedb-cluster \
+  helm upgrade --install "$cluster_name" greptime/greptimedb-cluster \
+    --create-namespace \
     --set image.tag="$GREPTIMEDB_IMAGE_TAG" \
-    --set meta.etcdEndpoints="etcd.$install_namespace:2379" \
+    --set meta.backendStorage.etcd.endpoints="etcd.$install_namespace:2379" \
+    --set meta.backendStorage.etcd.storeKeyPrefix="$cluster_name" \
     -n "$install_namespace"
 
   # Wait for greptimedb cluster to be ready.
@@ -101,15 +112,17 @@ function deploy_greptimedb_cluster_with_s3_storage() {
 
   deploy_etcd_cluster "$install_namespace"
 
-  helm install "$cluster_name" greptime/greptimedb-cluster -n "$install_namespace" \
+  helm upgrade --install "$cluster_name" greptime/greptimedb-cluster -n "$install_namespace" \
+    --create-namespace \
     --set image.tag="$GREPTIMEDB_IMAGE_TAG" \
-    --set meta.etcdEndpoints="etcd.$install_namespace:2379" \
+    --set meta.backendStorage.etcd.endpoints="etcd.$install_namespace:2379" \
-    --set storage.s3.bucket="$AWS_CI_TEST_BUCKET" \
+    --set meta.backendStorage.etcd.storeKeyPrefix="$cluster_name" \
-    --set storage.s3.region="$AWS_REGION" \
+    --set objectStorage.s3.bucket="$AWS_CI_TEST_BUCKET" \
-    --set storage.s3.root="$DATA_ROOT" \
+    --set objectStorage.s3.region="$AWS_REGION" \
-    --set storage.credentials.secretName=s3-credentials \
+    --set objectStorage.s3.root="$DATA_ROOT" \
-    --set storage.credentials.accessKeyId="$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID" \
+    --set objectStorage.credentials.secretName=s3-credentials \
-    --set storage.credentials.secretAccessKey="$AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"
+    --set objectStorage.credentials.accessKeyId="$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID" \
+    --set objectStorage.credentials.secretAccessKey="$AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"
 
   # Wait for greptimedb cluster to be ready.
   while true; do
@@ -134,7 +147,8 @@ function deploy_greptimedb_cluster_with_s3_storage() {
 # Deploy standalone greptimedb.
 # It will expose cluster service ports as '34000', '34001', '34002', '34003' to local access.
 function deploy_standalone_greptimedb() {
-  helm install greptimedb-standalone greptime/greptimedb-standalone \
+  helm upgrade --install greptimedb-standalone greptime/greptimedb-standalone \
+    --create-namespace \
     --set image.tag="$GREPTIMEDB_IMAGE_TAG" \
     -n "$DEFAULT_INSTALL_NAMESPACE"
 

.github/scripts/pull-test-deps-images.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# This script is used to pull the test dependency images that are stored in public ECR one by one to avoid rate limiting.
+
+set -e
+
+MAX_RETRIES=3
+
+IMAGES=(
+  "greptime/zookeeper:3.7"
+  "greptime/kafka:3.9.0-debian-12-r1"
+  "greptime/etcd:3.6.1-debian-12-r3"
+  "greptime/minio:2024"
+  "greptime/mysql:5.7"
+)
+
+for image in "${IMAGES[@]}"; do
+  for ((attempt=1; attempt<=MAX_RETRIES; attempt++)); do
+    if docker pull "$image"; then
+      # Successfully pulled the image.
+      break
+    else
+      # Use some simple exponential backoff to avoid rate limiting.
+      if [ $attempt -lt $MAX_RETRIES ]; then
+        sleep_seconds=$((attempt * 5))
+        echo "Attempt $attempt failed for $image, waiting $sleep_seconds seconds"
+        sleep $sleep_seconds  # 5s, 10s delays
+      else
+        echo "Failed to pull $image after $MAX_RETRIES attempts"
+        exit 1
+      fi
+    fi
+  done
+done

.github/scripts/update-dev-builder-version.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+DEV_BUILDER_IMAGE_TAG=$1
+
+update_dev_builder_version() {
+  if [ -z "$DEV_BUILDER_IMAGE_TAG" ]; then
+    echo "Error: Should specify the dev-builder image tag"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  # Configure Git configs.
+  git config --global user.email greptimedb-ci@greptime.com
+  git config --global user.name greptimedb-ci
+
+  # Checkout a new branch.
+  BRANCH_NAME="ci/update-dev-builder-$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)"
+  git checkout -b $BRANCH_NAME
+
+  # Update the dev-builder image tag in the Makefile.
+  sed -i "s/DEV_BUILDER_IMAGE_TAG ?=.*/DEV_BUILDER_IMAGE_TAG ?= ${DEV_BUILDER_IMAGE_TAG}/g" Makefile
+
+  # Commit the changes.
+  git add Makefile
+  git commit -s -m "ci: update dev-builder image tag"
+  git push origin $BRANCH_NAME
+
+  # Create a Pull Request.
+  gh pr create \
+      --title "ci: update dev-builder image tag" \
+      --body "This PR updates the dev-builder image tag" \
+      --base main \
+      --head $BRANCH_NAME \
+      --reviewer zyy17 \
+      --reviewer daviderli614
+}
+
+update_dev_builder_version

.github/scripts/update-helm-charts-version.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+VERSION=${VERSION}
+GITHUB_TOKEN=${GITHUB_TOKEN}
+
+update_helm_charts_version() {
+  # Configure Git configs.
+  git config --global user.email update-helm-charts-version@greptime.com
+  git config --global user.name update-helm-charts-version
+
+  # Clone helm-charts repository.
+  git clone "https://x-access-token:${GITHUB_TOKEN}@github.com/GreptimeTeam/helm-charts.git"
+  cd helm-charts
+
+  # Set default remote for gh CLI
+  gh repo set-default GreptimeTeam/helm-charts
+
+  # Checkout a new branch.
+  BRANCH_NAME="chore/greptimedb-${VERSION}"
+  git checkout -b $BRANCH_NAME
+
+  # Update version.
+  make update-version CHART=greptimedb-cluster VERSION=${VERSION}
+  make update-version CHART=greptimedb-standalone VERSION=${VERSION}
+
+  # Update docs.
+  make docs
+
+  # Commit the changes.
+  git add .
+  git commit -s -m "chore: Update GreptimeDB version to ${VERSION}"
+  git push origin $BRANCH_NAME
+
+  # Create a Pull Request.
+  gh pr create \
+    --title "chore: Update GreptimeDB version to ${VERSION}" \
+    --body "This PR updates the GreptimeDB version." \
+    --base main \
+    --head $BRANCH_NAME \
+    --reviewer zyy17 \
+    --reviewer daviderli614
+}
+
+update_helm_charts_version

.github/scripts/update-homebrew-greptme-version.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+VERSION=${VERSION}
+GITHUB_TOKEN=${GITHUB_TOKEN}
+
+update_homebrew_greptime_version() {
+  # Configure Git configs.
+  git config --global user.email update-greptime-version@greptime.com
+  git config --global user.name update-greptime-version
+
+  # Clone helm-charts repository.
+  git clone "https://x-access-token:${GITHUB_TOKEN}@github.com/GreptimeTeam/homebrew-greptime.git"
+  cd homebrew-greptime
+
+  # Set default remote for gh CLI
+  gh repo set-default GreptimeTeam/homebrew-greptime
+
+  # Checkout a new branch.
+  BRANCH_NAME="chore/greptimedb-${VERSION}"
+  git checkout -b $BRANCH_NAME
+
+  # Update version.
+  make update-greptime-version VERSION=${VERSION}
+
+  # Commit the changes.
+  git add .
+  git commit -s -m "chore: Update GreptimeDB version to ${VERSION}"
+  git push origin $BRANCH_NAME
+
+  # Create a Pull Request.
+  gh pr create \
+    --title "chore: Update GreptimeDB version to ${VERSION}" \
+    --body "This PR updates the GreptimeDB version." \
+    --base main \
+    --head $BRANCH_NAME \
+    --reviewer zyy17 \
+    --reviewer daviderli614
+}
+
+update_homebrew_greptime_version

.github/scripts/upload-artifacts-to-s3.sh

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ function upload_artifacts() {
 # Updates the latest version information in AWS S3 if UPDATE_VERSION_INFO is true.
 function update_version_info() {
   if [ "$UPDATE_VERSION_INFO" == "true" ]; then
-    # If it's the officail release(like v1.0.0, v1.0.1, v1.0.2, etc.), update latest-version.txt.
+    # If it's the official release(like v1.0.0, v1.0.1, v1.0.2, etc.), update latest-version.txt.
     if [[ "$VERSION" =~ ^v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$ ]]; then
       echo "Updating latest-version.txt"
       echo "$VERSION" > latest-version.txt

.github/workflows/dev-build.yml

@@ -55,6 +55,11 @@ on:
         description: Build and push images to DockerHub and ACR
         required: false
         default: true
+      upload_artifacts_to_s3:
+        type: boolean
+        description: Whether upload artifacts to s3
+        required: false
+        default: false
       cargo_profile:
         type: choice
         description: The cargo profile to use in building GreptimeDB.
@@ -281,7 +286,7 @@ jobs:
           aws-cn-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
           aws-cn-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
           aws-cn-region: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET_REGION }}
-          upload-to-s3: false
+          upload-to-s3: ${{ inputs.upload_artifacts_to_s3 }}
           dev-mode: true                     # Only build the standard images(exclude centos images).
           push-latest-tag: false             # Don't push the latest tag to registry.
           update-version-info: false         # Don't update the version info in S3.

.github/workflows/develop.yml

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ on:
       - 'docker/**'
       - '.gitignore'
       - 'grafana/**'
+      - 'Makefile'
   workflow_dispatch:
 
 name: CI
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ concurrency:
 
 jobs:
   check-typos-and-docs:
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
     name: Check typos and docs
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
@@ -36,6 +38,7 @@ jobs:
           || (echo "'config/config.md' is not up-to-date, please run 'make config-docs'." && exit 1)
 
   license-header-check:
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: Check License Header
     steps:
@@ -45,6 +48,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: korandoru/hawkeye@v5
 
   check:
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
     name: Check
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
@@ -71,6 +75,7 @@ jobs:
         run: cargo check --locked --workspace --all-targets
 
   toml:
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
     name: Toml Check
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 60
@@ -85,6 +90,7 @@ jobs:
         run: taplo format --check
 
   build:
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
     name: Build GreptimeDB binaries
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
@@ -127,6 +133,7 @@ jobs:
           version: current
 
   fuzztest:
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
     name: Fuzz Test
     needs: build
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -183,11 +190,13 @@ jobs:
           max-total-time: 120
 
   unstable-fuzztest:
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
     name: Unstable Fuzz Test
     needs: build-greptime-ci
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 60
     strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         target: [ "unstable_fuzz_create_table_standalone" ]
     steps:
@@ -215,12 +224,12 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y libfuzzer-14-dev
           cargo install cargo-fuzz cargo-gc-bin --force
-      - name: Download pre-built binariy
+      - name: Download pre-built binary
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: bin
           path: .
-      - name: Unzip bianry
+      - name: Unzip binary
         run: |
           tar -xvf ./bin.tar.gz
           rm ./bin.tar.gz
@@ -242,8 +251,14 @@ jobs:
           name: unstable-fuzz-logs
           path: /tmp/unstable-greptime/
           retention-days: 3
+      - name: Describe pods
+        if: failure()
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          kubectl describe pod -n my-greptimedb
 
   build-greptime-ci:
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
     name: Build GreptimeDB binary (profile-CI)
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
@@ -267,7 +282,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install cargo-gc-bin
         shell: bash
         run: cargo install cargo-gc-bin --force
-      - name: Build greptime bianry
+      - name: Build greptime binary
         shell: bash
         # `cargo gc` will invoke `cargo build` with specified args
         run: cargo gc --profile ci -- --bin greptime --features "pg_kvbackend,mysql_kvbackend"
@@ -285,11 +300,13 @@ jobs:
           version: current
 
   distributed-fuzztest:
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
     name: Fuzz Test (Distributed, ${{ matrix.mode.name }}, ${{ matrix.target }})
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs:  build-greptime-ci
     timeout-minutes: 60
     strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         target: [ "fuzz_create_table", "fuzz_alter_table", "fuzz_create_database", "fuzz_create_logical_table", "fuzz_alter_logical_table", "fuzz_insert", "fuzz_insert_logical_table" ]
         mode:
@@ -319,9 +336,9 @@ jobs:
         name: Setup Minio
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-minio
       - if: matrix.mode.kafka
-        name: Setup Kafka cluser
+        name: Setup Kafka cluster
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-kafka-cluster
-      - name: Setup Etcd cluser
+      - name: Setup Etcd cluster
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-etcd-cluster
       # Prepares for fuzz tests
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
@@ -394,6 +411,11 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
         run: |
           kubectl describe nodes
+      - name: Describe pod
+        if: failure()
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          kubectl describe pod -n my-greptimedb
       - name: Export kind logs
         if: failure()
         shell: bash
@@ -416,11 +438,13 @@ jobs:
           docker system prune -f
 
   distributed-fuzztest-with-chaos:
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
     name: Fuzz Test with Chaos (Distributed, ${{ matrix.mode.name }}, ${{ matrix.target }})
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs:  build-greptime-ci
     timeout-minutes: 60
     strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         target: ["fuzz_migrate_mito_regions", "fuzz_migrate_metric_regions", "fuzz_failover_mito_regions", "fuzz_failover_metric_regions"]
         mode:
@@ -465,9 +489,9 @@ jobs:
         name: Setup Minio
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-minio
       - if: matrix.mode.kafka
-        name: Setup Kafka cluser
+        name: Setup Kafka cluster
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-kafka-cluster
-      - name: Setup Etcd cluser
+      - name: Setup Etcd cluster
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-etcd-cluster
       # Prepares for fuzz tests
       - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
@@ -541,6 +565,11 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
         run: |
           kubectl describe nodes
+      - name: Describe pods
+        if: failure()
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          kubectl describe pod -n my-greptimedb
       - name: Export kind logs
         if: failure()
         shell: bash
@@ -563,10 +592,12 @@ jobs:
           docker system prune -f
 
   sqlness:
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
     name: Sqlness Test (${{ matrix.mode.name }})
     needs: build
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os: [ ubuntu-latest ]
         mode:
@@ -576,18 +607,23 @@ jobs:
           - name: "Remote WAL"
             opts: "-w kafka -k 127.0.0.1:9092"
             kafka: true
-          - name: "Pg Kvbackend"
+          - name: "PostgreSQL KvBackend"
             opts: "--setup-pg"
             kafka: false
+          - name: "MySQL Kvbackend"
+            opts: "--setup-mysql"
+            kafka: false
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
+
       - if: matrix.mode.kafka
         name: Setup kafka server
         working-directory: tests-integration/fixtures
-        run: docker compose up -d --wait kafka
+        run:  ../../.github/scripts/pull-test-deps-images.sh && docker compose up -d --wait kafka
+
       - name: Download pre-built binaries
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
@@ -606,6 +642,7 @@ jobs:
           retention-days: 3
 
   fmt:
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
     name: Rustfmt
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 60
@@ -623,6 +660,7 @@ jobs:
         run: make fmt-check
 
   clippy:
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
     name: Clippy
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 60
@@ -647,7 +685,32 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run cargo clippy
         run: make clippy
 
+  check-udeps:
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
+    name: Check Unused Dependencies
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
+        with:
+          repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
+      - name: Rust Cache
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+        with:
+          shared-key: "check-udeps"
+          cache-all-crates: "true"
+          save-if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
+      - name: Install cargo-udeps
+        run: cargo install cargo-udeps --locked
+      - name: Check unused dependencies
+        run: make check-udeps
+
   conflict-check:
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
     name: Check for conflict
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
@@ -658,10 +721,10 @@ jobs:
         uses: olivernybroe/action-conflict-finder@v4.0
 
   test:
-    if: github.event_name != 'merge_group'
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' && github.event_name != 'merge_group' }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04-arm
     timeout-minutes: 60
-    needs:  [conflict-check, clippy, fmt]
+    needs: [conflict-check, clippy, fmt, check-udeps]
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
@@ -683,9 +746,11 @@ jobs:
           save-if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
       - name: Install latest nextest release
         uses: taiki-e/install-action@nextest
+
       - name: Setup external services
         working-directory: tests-integration/fixtures
-        run: docker compose up -d --wait
+        run: ../../.github/scripts/pull-test-deps-images.sh && docker compose up -d --wait
+
       - name: Run nextest cases
         run: cargo nextest run --workspace -F dashboard -F pg_kvbackend -F mysql_kvbackend
         env:
@@ -702,15 +767,18 @@ jobs:
           GT_MINIO_ACCESS_KEY: superpower_password
           GT_MINIO_REGION: us-west-2
           GT_MINIO_ENDPOINT_URL: http://127.0.0.1:9000
+          GT_ETCD_TLS_ENDPOINTS: https://127.0.0.1:2378
           GT_ETCD_ENDPOINTS: http://127.0.0.1:2379
           GT_POSTGRES_ENDPOINTS: postgres://greptimedb:admin@127.0.0.1:5432/postgres
+          GT_POSTGRES15_ENDPOINTS: postgres://test_user:test_password@127.0.0.1:5433/postgres
+          GT_POSTGRES15_SCHEMA: test_schema
           GT_MYSQL_ENDPOINTS: mysql://greptimedb:admin@127.0.0.1:3306/mysql
           GT_KAFKA_ENDPOINTS: 127.0.0.1:9092
           GT_KAFKA_SASL_ENDPOINTS: 127.0.0.1:9093
           UNITTEST_LOG_DIR: "__unittest_logs"
 
   coverage:
-    if: github.event_name == 'merge_group'
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' && github.event_name == 'merge_group' }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04-8-cores
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
@@ -736,9 +804,11 @@ jobs:
         uses: taiki-e/install-action@nextest
       - name: Install cargo-llvm-cov
         uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-llvm-cov
+
       - name: Setup external services
         working-directory: tests-integration/fixtures
-        run: docker compose up -d --wait
+        run: ../../.github/scripts/pull-test-deps-images.sh && docker compose up -d --wait
+        
       - name: Run nextest cases
         run: cargo llvm-cov nextest --workspace --lcov --output-path lcov.info -F dashboard -F pg_kvbackend -F mysql_kvbackend
         env:
@@ -754,8 +824,11 @@ jobs:
           GT_MINIO_ACCESS_KEY: superpower_password
           GT_MINIO_REGION: us-west-2
           GT_MINIO_ENDPOINT_URL: http://127.0.0.1:9000
+          GT_ETCD_TLS_ENDPOINTS: https://127.0.0.1:2378
           GT_ETCD_ENDPOINTS: http://127.0.0.1:2379
           GT_POSTGRES_ENDPOINTS: postgres://greptimedb:admin@127.0.0.1:5432/postgres
+          GT_POSTGRES15_ENDPOINTS: postgres://test_user:test_password@127.0.0.1:5433/postgres
+          GT_POSTGRES15_SCHEMA: test_schema
           GT_MYSQL_ENDPOINTS: mysql://greptimedb:admin@127.0.0.1:3306/mysql
           GT_KAFKA_ENDPOINTS: 127.0.0.1:9092
           GT_KAFKA_SASL_ENDPOINTS: 127.0.0.1:9093
@@ -770,6 +843,7 @@ jobs:
           verbose: true
 
   # compat:
+  #   if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
   #   name: Compatibility Test
   #   needs: build
   #   runs-on: ubuntu-22.04

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ on:
       - 'docker/**'
       - '.gitignore'
       - 'grafana/**'
+      - 'Makefile'
   push:
     branches:
       - main
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ on:
       - 'docker/**'
       - '.gitignore'
       - 'grafana/**'
+      - 'Makefile'
   workflow_dispatch:
 
 name: CI
@@ -65,6 +67,12 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - run: 'echo "No action required"'
 
+  check-udeps:
+    name: Unused Dependencies
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - run: 'echo "No action required"'
+
   coverage:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:

.github/workflows/grafana.yml

@@ -21,32 +21,6 @@ jobs:
         run: sudo apt-get install -y jq
 
       # Make the check.sh script executable
-      - name: Make check.sh executable
+      - name: Check grafana dashboards
-        run: chmod +x grafana/check.sh
-
-      # Run the check.sh script
-      - name: Run check.sh
-        run: ./grafana/check.sh
-
-      # Only run summary.sh for pull_request events (not for merge queues or final pushes)
-      - name: Check if this is a pull request
-        id: check-pr
         run: |
-          if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
+          make check-dashboards
-            echo "is_pull_request=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          else
-            echo "is_pull_request=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          fi
-
-      # Make the summary.sh script executable
-      - name: Make summary.sh executable
-        if: steps.check-pr.outputs.is_pull_request == 'true'
-        run: chmod +x grafana/summary.sh
-
-      # Run the summary.sh script and add its output to the GitHub Job Summary
-      - name: Run summary.sh and add to Job Summary
-        if: steps.check-pr.outputs.is_pull_request == 'true'
-        run: |
-          SUMMARY=$(./grafana/summary.sh)
-          echo "### Summary of Grafana Panels" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "$SUMMARY" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY

.github/workflows/nightly-ci.yml

@@ -107,7 +107,6 @@ jobs:
           CARGO_BUILD_RUSTFLAGS: "-C linker=lld-link"
           RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
           CARGO_INCREMENTAL: 0
-          RUSTUP_WINDOWS_PATH_ADD_BIN: 1 # Workaround for https://github.com/nextest-rs/nextest/issues/1493
           GT_S3_BUCKET: ${{ vars.AWS_CI_TEST_BUCKET }}
           GT_S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.AWS_CI_TEST_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
           GT_S3_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.AWS_CI_TEST_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
@@ -118,16 +117,16 @@ jobs:
     name: Run clean build on Linux
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
-    timeout-minutes: 60
+    timeout-minutes: 45
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
           persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v27
+      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v31
-        with:
+      - run: nix develop --command cargo check --bin greptime
-          nix_path: nixpkgs=channel:nixos-24.11
+        env:
-      - run: nix develop --command cargo build
+          CARGO_BUILD_RUSTFLAGS: "-C link-arg=-fuse-ld=mold"
 
   check-status:
     name: Check status

.github/workflows/pr-labeling.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+name: 'PR Labeling'
+
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+    types:
+      - opened
+      - synchronize
+      - reopened
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  pull-requests: write
+  issues: write
+
+jobs:
+  labeler:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout sources
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - uses: actions/labeler@v5
+        with:
+          configuration-path: ".github/labeler.yaml"
+          repo-token: "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"
+
+  size-label:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: pascalgn/size-label-action@v0.5.5
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"
+        with:
+          sizes: >
+            {
+              "0": "XS",
+              "100": "S",
+              "300": "M",
+              "1000": "L",
+              "1500": "XL",
+              "2000": "XXL"
+            }

.github/workflows/release-dev-builder-images.yaml

@@ -24,11 +24,19 @@ on:
         description: Release dev-builder-android image
         required: false
         default: false
+      update_dev_builder_image_tag:
+        type: boolean
+        description: Update the DEV_BUILDER_IMAGE_TAG in Makefile and create a PR
+        required: false
+        default: false
 
 jobs:
   release-dev-builder-images:
     name: Release dev builder images
-    if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_ubuntu_image || inputs.release_dev_builder_centos_image || inputs.release_dev_builder_android_image }} # Only manually trigger this job.
+    # The jobs are triggered by the following events:
+    # 1. Manually triggered workflow_dispatch event
+    # 2. Push event when the PR that modifies the `rust-toolchain.toml` or `docker/dev-builder/**` is merged to main
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' || inputs.release_dev_builder_ubuntu_image || inputs.release_dev_builder_centos_image || inputs.release_dev_builder_android_image }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     outputs:
       version: ${{ steps.set-version.outputs.version }}
@@ -57,9 +65,9 @@ jobs:
           version: ${{ env.VERSION }}
           dockerhub-image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           dockerhub-image-registry-token: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
-          build-dev-builder-ubuntu: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_ubuntu_image }}
+          build-dev-builder-ubuntu: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_ubuntu_image || github.event_name == 'push' }}
-          build-dev-builder-centos: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_centos_image }}
+          build-dev-builder-centos: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_centos_image || github.event_name == 'push' }}
-          build-dev-builder-android: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_android_image }}
+          build-dev-builder-android: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_android_image || github.event_name == 'push' }}
 
   release-dev-builder-images-ecr:
     name: Release dev builder images to AWS ECR
@@ -85,7 +93,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Push dev-builder-ubuntu image
         shell: bash
-        if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_ubuntu_image }}
+        if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_ubuntu_image || github.event_name == 'push' }}
         env:
           IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
           IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
@@ -106,7 +114,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Push dev-builder-centos image
         shell: bash
-        if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_centos_image }}
+        if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_centos_image || github.event_name == 'push' }}
         env:
           IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
           IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
@@ -127,7 +135,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Push dev-builder-android image
         shell: bash
-        if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_android_image }}
+        if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_android_image || github.event_name == 'push' }}
         env:
           IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
           IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
@@ -162,7 +170,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Push dev-builder-ubuntu image
         shell: bash
-        if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_ubuntu_image }}
+        if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_ubuntu_image || github.event_name == 'push' }}
         env:
           IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
           IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
@@ -176,7 +184,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Push dev-builder-centos image
         shell: bash
-        if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_centos_image }}
+        if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_centos_image || github.event_name == 'push' }}
         env:
           IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
           IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
@@ -190,7 +198,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Push dev-builder-android image
         shell: bash
-        if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_android_image }}
+        if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_android_image || github.event_name == 'push' }}
         env:
           IMAGE_VERSION: ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}
           IMAGE_NAMESPACE: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
@@ -201,3 +209,24 @@ jobs:
             quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest \
             copy -a docker://docker.io/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-android:$IMAGE_VERSION \
             docker://$ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY/$IMAGE_NAMESPACE/dev-builder-android:$IMAGE_VERSION
+  
+  update-dev-builder-image-tag:
+    name: Update dev-builder image tag
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+      pull-requests: write
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' || inputs.update_dev_builder_image_tag }}
+    needs: [
+      release-dev-builder-images
+    ]
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Update dev-builder image tag
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          ./.github/scripts/update-dev-builder-version.sh ${{ needs.release-dev-builder-images.outputs.version }}

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -88,10 +88,8 @@ env:
   # Controls whether to run tests, include unit-test, integration-test and sqlness.
   DISABLE_RUN_TESTS: ${{ inputs.skip_test || vars.DEFAULT_SKIP_TEST }}
 
-  # The scheduled version is '${{ env.NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION }}-nightly-YYYYMMDD', like v0.2.0-nigthly-20230313;
+  # The scheduled version is '${{ env.NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION }}-nightly-YYYYMMDD', like v0.2.0-nightly-20230313;
   NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX: nightly
-  # Note: The NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION should be modified manually by every formal release.
-  NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION: v0.13.0
 
 jobs:
   allocate-runners:
@@ -112,6 +110,9 @@ jobs:
 
       # The 'version' use as the global tag name of the release workflow.
       version: ${{ steps.create-version.outputs.version }}
+
+      # The 'is-current-version-latest' determines whether to update 'latest' Docker tags and downstream repositories.
+      is-current-version-latest: ${{ steps.check-version.outputs.is-current-version-latest }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # The create-version will create a global variable named 'version' in the global workflows.
       # - If it's a tag push release, the version is the tag name(${{ github.ref_name }});
-      # - If it's a scheduled release, the version is '${{ env.NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION }}-nightly-$buildTime', like v0.2.0-nigthly-20230313;
+      # - If it's a scheduled release, the version is '${{ env.NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION }}-nightly-$buildTime', like v0.2.0-nightly-20230313;
       # - If it's a manual release, the version is '${{ env.NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION }}-<short-git-sha>-YYYYMMDDSS', like v0.2.0-e5b243c-2023071245;
       - name: Create version
         id: create-version
@@ -135,9 +136,13 @@ jobs:
         env:
           GITHUB_EVENT_NAME: ${{ github.event_name }}
           GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION: ${{ env.NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION }}
           NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX: ${{ env.NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX }}
 
+      - name: Check version
+        id: check-version
+        run: |
+          ./.github/scripts/check-version.sh "${{ steps.create-version.outputs.version }}"
+
       - name: Allocate linux-amd64 runner
         if: ${{ inputs.build_linux_amd64_artifacts || github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'schedule' }}
         uses: ./.github/actions/start-runner
@@ -317,7 +322,7 @@ jobs:
           image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
           version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
-          push-latest-tag: true
+          push-latest-tag: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.is-current-version-latest == 'true' && github.ref_type == 'tag' && !contains(github.ref_name, 'nightly') && github.event_name != 'schedule' }}
 
       - name: Set build image result
         id: set-build-image-result
@@ -335,7 +340,7 @@ jobs:
       build-windows-artifacts,
       release-images-to-dockerhub,
     ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest-16-cores
     # When we push to ACR, it's easy to fail due to some unknown network issues.
     # However, we don't want to fail the whole workflow because of this.
     # The ACR have daily sync with DockerHub, so don't worry about the image not being updated.
@@ -364,7 +369,7 @@ jobs:
           dev-mode: false
           upload-to-s3: true
           update-version-info: true
-          push-latest-tag: true
+          push-latest-tag: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.is-current-version-latest == 'true' && github.ref_type == 'tag' && !contains(github.ref_name, 'nightly') && github.event_name != 'schedule' }}
 
   publish-github-release:
     name: Create GitHub release and upload artifacts
@@ -391,7 +396,7 @@ jobs:
 
   ### Stop runners ###
   # It's very necessary to split the job of releasing runners into 'stop-linux-amd64-runner' and 'stop-linux-arm64-runner'.
-  # Because we can terminate the specified EC2 instance immediately after the job is finished without uncessary waiting.
+  # Because we can terminate the specified EC2 instance immediately after the job is finished without unnecessary waiting.
   stop-linux-amd64-runner: # It's always run as the last job in the workflow to make sure that the runner is released.
     name: Stop linux-amd64 runner
     # Only run this job when the runner is allocated.
@@ -444,10 +449,10 @@ jobs:
           aws-region: ${{ vars.EC2_RUNNER_REGION }}
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
 
-  bump-doc-version:
+  bump-downstream-repo-versions:
-    name: Bump doc version
+    name: Bump downstream repo versions
     if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'schedule' }}
-    needs: [allocate-runners]
+    needs: [allocate-runners, publish-github-release]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     # Permission reference: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-jobs/assigning-permissions-to-jobs
     permissions:
@@ -459,13 +464,58 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 0
           persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
-      - name: Bump doc version
+      - name: Bump downstream repo versions
         working-directory: cyborg
-        run: pnpm tsx bin/bump-doc-version.ts
+        run: pnpm tsx bin/bump-versions.ts
         env:
+          TARGET_REPOS: website,docs,demo
           VERSION: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          WEBSITE_REPO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.WEBSITE_REPO_TOKEN }}
           DOCS_REPO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.DOCS_REPO_TOKEN }}
+          DEMO_REPO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.DEMO_REPO_TOKEN }}
+
+  bump-helm-charts-version:
+    name: Bump helm charts version
+    if: ${{ github.ref_type == 'tag' && !contains(github.ref_name, 'nightly') && github.event_name != 'schedule' && needs.allocate-runners.outputs.is-current-version-latest == 'true' }}
+    needs: [allocate-runners, publish-github-release]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Bump helm charts version
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.HELM_CHARTS_REPO_TOKEN }}
+          VERSION: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
+        run: |
+          ./.github/scripts/update-helm-charts-version.sh
+
+  bump-homebrew-greptime-version:
+    name: Bump homebrew greptime version
+    if: ${{ github.ref_type == 'tag' && !contains(github.ref_name, 'nightly') && github.event_name != 'schedule' && needs.allocate-runners.outputs.is-current-version-latest == 'true' }}
+    needs: [allocate-runners, publish-github-release]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Bump homebrew greptime version
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.HOMEBREW_GREPTIME_REPO_TOKEN }}
+          VERSION: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
+        run: |
+          ./.github/scripts/update-homebrew-greptme-version.sh
 
   notification:
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' && (github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'schedule') && always() }}

.github/workflows/semantic-pull-request.yml

@@ -11,14 +11,17 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+permissions:
+  issues: write
+  contents: write
+  pull-requests: write
+
 jobs:
   check:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 10
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-cyborg
       - name: Check Pull Request
         working-directory: cyborg

.gitignore

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ debug/
 # Logs
 **/__unittest_logs
 logs/
+!grafana/dashboards/logs/
 
 # cpython's generated python byte code
 **/__pycache__/
@@ -51,6 +52,18 @@ venv/
 tests-fuzz/artifacts/
 tests-fuzz/corpus/
 
+# cargo-udeps reports
+udeps-report.json
+
 # Nix
 .direnv
 .envrc
+
+## default data home
+greptimedb_data
+
+# github
+!/.github
+
+# Claude code
+CLAUDE.md

AUTHOR.md

@@ -10,12 +10,10 @@
 * [NiwakaDev](https://github.com/NiwakaDev)
 * [tisonkun](https://github.com/tisonkun)
 
-
 ## Team Members (in alphabetical order)
 
 * [apdong2022](https://github.com/apdong2022)
 * [beryl678](https://github.com/beryl678)
-* [Breeze-P](https://github.com/Breeze-P)
 * [daviderli614](https://github.com/daviderli614)
 * [discord9](https://github.com/discord9)
 * [evenyag](https://github.com/evenyag)

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -55,8 +55,12 @@ GreptimeDB uses the [Apache 2.0 license](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptim
 - To ensure that community is free and confident in its ability to use your contributions, please sign the Contributor License Agreement (CLA) which will be incorporated in the pull request process.
 - Make sure all files have proper license header (running `docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/github/workspace ghcr.io/korandoru/hawkeye-native:v3 format` from the project root).
 - Make sure all your codes are formatted and follow the [coding style](https://pingcap.github.io/style-guide/rust/) and [style guide](docs/style-guide.md).
-- Make sure all unit tests are passed using [nextest](https://nexte.st/index.html) `cargo nextest run`.
+- Make sure all unit tests are passed using [nextest](https://nexte.st/index.html) `cargo nextest run --workspace --features pg_kvbackend,mysql_kvbackend` or `make test`.
-- Make sure all clippy warnings are fixed (you can check it locally by running `cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets -- -D warnings`).
+- Make sure all clippy warnings are fixed (you can check it locally by running `cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets -- -D warnings` or `make clippy`).
+- Ensure there are no unused dependencies by running `make check-udeps` (clean them up with `make fix-udeps` if reported).
+- If you must keep a target-specific dependency (e.g. under `[target.'cfg(...)'.dev-dependencies]`), add a cargo-udeps ignore entry in the same `Cargo.toml`, for example:
+  `[package.metadata.cargo-udeps.ignore]` with `development = ["rexpect"]` (or `dependencies`/`build` as appropriate).
+- When modifying sample configuration files in `config/`, run `make config-docs` (which requires Docker to be installed) to update the configuration documentation and include it in your commit.
 
 #### `pre-commit` Hooks
 
@@ -108,7 +112,7 @@ of what you were trying to do and what went wrong. You can also reach for help i
 The core team will be thrilled if you would like to participate in any way you like. When you are stuck, try to ask for help by filing an issue, with a detailed description of what you were trying to do and what went wrong. If you have any questions or if you would like to get involved in our community, please check out:
 
 - [GreptimeDB Community Slack](https://greptime.com/slack)
-- [GreptimeDB Github Discussions](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/discussions)
+- [GreptimeDB GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/discussions)
 
 Also, see some extra GreptimeDB content:
 

Cargo.toml

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ members = [
     "src/common/datasource",
     "src/common/decimal",
     "src/common/error",
+    "src/common/event-recorder",
     "src/common/frontend",
     "src/common/function",
     "src/common/greptimedb-telemetry",
@@ -29,12 +30,16 @@ members = [
     "src/common/query",
     "src/common/recordbatch",
     "src/common/runtime",
+    "src/common/session",
+    "src/common/sql",
+    "src/common/stat",
     "src/common/substrait",
     "src/common/telemetry",
     "src/common/test-util",
     "src/common/time",
     "src/common/version",
     "src/common/wal",
+    "src/common/workload",
     "src/datanode",
     "src/datatypes",
     "src/file-engine",
@@ -46,6 +51,7 @@ members = [
     "src/meta-client",
     "src/meta-srv",
     "src/metric-engine",
+    "src/mito-codec",
     "src/mito2",
     "src/object-store",
     "src/operator",
@@ -67,8 +73,8 @@ members = [
 resolver = "2"
 
 [workspace.package]
-version = "0.13.0"
+version = "0.18.0"
-edition = "2021"
+edition = "2024"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 
 [workspace.lints]
@@ -76,7 +82,10 @@ clippy.print_stdout = "warn"
 clippy.print_stderr = "warn"
 clippy.dbg_macro = "warn"
 clippy.implicit_clone = "warn"
-clippy.readonly_write_lock = "allow"
+clippy.result_large_err = "allow"
+clippy.large_enum_variant = "allow"
+clippy.doc_overindented_list_items = "allow"
+clippy.uninlined_format_args = "allow"
 rust.unknown_lints = "deny"
 rust.unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ['cfg(tokio_unstable)'] }
 
@@ -88,20 +97,21 @@ rust.unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ['cfg(tokio_unstable)'] }
 #
 # See for more detaiils: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/11329
 ahash = { version = "0.8", features = ["compile-time-rng"] }
-aquamarine = "0.3"
+aquamarine = "0.6"
-arrow = { version = "53.0.0", features = ["prettyprint"] }
+arrow = { version = "56.0", features = ["prettyprint"] }
-arrow-array = { version = "53.0.0", default-features = false, features = ["chrono-tz"] }
+arrow-array = { version = "56.0", default-features = false, features = ["chrono-tz"] }
-arrow-flight = "53.0"
+arrow-buffer = "56.0"
-arrow-ipc = { version = "53.0.0", default-features = false, features = ["lz4", "zstd"] }
+arrow-flight = "56.0"
-arrow-schema = { version = "53.0", features = ["serde"] }
+arrow-ipc = { version = "56.0", default-features = false, features = ["lz4", "zstd"] }
+arrow-schema = { version = "56.0", features = ["serde"] }
 async-stream = "0.3"
 async-trait = "0.1"
 # Remember to update axum-extra, axum-macros when updating axum
 axum = "0.8"
 axum-extra = "0.10"
-axum-macros = "0.4"
+axum-macros = "0.5"
 backon = "1"
-base64 = "0.21"
+base64 = "0.22"
 bigdecimal = "0.4.2"
 bitflags = "2.4.1"
 bytemuck = "1.12"
@@ -111,61 +121,71 @@ chrono-tz = "0.10.1"
 clap = { version = "4.4", features = ["derive"] }
 config = "0.13.0"
 crossbeam-utils = "0.8"
-dashmap = "5.4"
+dashmap = "6.1"
-datafusion = { git = "https://github.com/apache/datafusion.git", rev = "2464703c84c400a09cc59277018813f0e797bb4e" }
+datafusion = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7d5214512740b4dfb742b6b3d91ed9affcc2c9d0" }
-datafusion-common = { git = "https://github.com/apache/datafusion.git", rev = "2464703c84c400a09cc59277018813f0e797bb4e" }
+datafusion-common = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7d5214512740b4dfb742b6b3d91ed9affcc2c9d0" }
-datafusion-expr = { git = "https://github.com/apache/datafusion.git", rev = "2464703c84c400a09cc59277018813f0e797bb4e" }
+datafusion-expr = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7d5214512740b4dfb742b6b3d91ed9affcc2c9d0" }
-datafusion-functions = { git = "https://github.com/apache/datafusion.git", rev = "2464703c84c400a09cc59277018813f0e797bb4e" }
+datafusion-functions = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7d5214512740b4dfb742b6b3d91ed9affcc2c9d0" }
-datafusion-optimizer = { git = "https://github.com/apache/datafusion.git", rev = "2464703c84c400a09cc59277018813f0e797bb4e" }
+datafusion-functions-aggregate-common = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7d5214512740b4dfb742b6b3d91ed9affcc2c9d0" }
-datafusion-physical-expr = { git = "https://github.com/apache/datafusion.git", rev = "2464703c84c400a09cc59277018813f0e797bb4e" }
+datafusion-optimizer = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7d5214512740b4dfb742b6b3d91ed9affcc2c9d0" }
-datafusion-physical-plan = { git = "https://github.com/apache/datafusion.git", rev = "2464703c84c400a09cc59277018813f0e797bb4e" }
+datafusion-orc = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion-orc", rev = "a0a5f902158f153119316eaeec868cff3fc8a99d" }
-datafusion-sql = { git = "https://github.com/apache/datafusion.git", rev = "2464703c84c400a09cc59277018813f0e797bb4e" }
+datafusion-physical-expr = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7d5214512740b4dfb742b6b3d91ed9affcc2c9d0" }
-datafusion-substrait = { git = "https://github.com/apache/datafusion.git", rev = "2464703c84c400a09cc59277018813f0e797bb4e" }
+datafusion-physical-plan = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7d5214512740b4dfb742b6b3d91ed9affcc2c9d0" }
-deadpool = "0.10"
+datafusion-sql = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7d5214512740b4dfb742b6b3d91ed9affcc2c9d0" }
-deadpool-postgres = "0.12"
+datafusion-substrait = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/datafusion.git", rev = "7d5214512740b4dfb742b6b3d91ed9affcc2c9d0" }
-derive_builder = "0.12"
+deadpool = "0.12"
+deadpool-postgres = "0.14"
+derive_builder = "0.20"
 dotenv = "0.15"
-etcd-client = "0.14"
+either = "1.15"
-flate2 = { version = "1.1.0", default-features = false, features = ["zlib-rs"] }
+etcd-client = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/etcd-client", rev = "f62df834f0cffda355eba96691fe1a9a332b75a7", features = [
+    "tls",
+    "tls-roots",
+] }
 fst = "0.4.7"
 futures = "0.3"
 futures-util = "0.3"
-greptime-proto = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-proto.git", rev = "c5419bbd20cb42e568ec325a4d71a3c94cc327e1" }
+greptime-proto = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-proto.git", rev = "f9836cf8aab30e672f640c6ef4c1cfd2cf9fbc36" }
 hex = "0.4"
 http = "1"
 humantime = "2.1"
 humantime-serde = "1.1"
 hyper = "1.1"
 hyper-util = "0.1"
-itertools = "0.10"
+itertools = "0.14"
 jsonb = { git = "https://github.com/databendlabs/jsonb.git", rev = "8c8d2fc294a39f3ff08909d60f718639cfba3875", default-features = false }
 lazy_static = "1.4"
 local-ip-address = "0.6"
-loki-proto = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/loki-proto.git", rev = "1434ecf23a2654025d86188fb5205e7a74b225d3" }
+loki-proto = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/loki-proto.git", rev = "3b7cd33234358b18ece977bf689dc6fb760f29ab" }
 meter-core = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-meter.git", rev = "5618e779cf2bb4755b499c630fba4c35e91898cb" }
-mockall = "0.11.4"
+mockall = "0.13"
 moka = "0.12"
 nalgebra = "0.33"
-notify = "6.1"
+nix = { version = "0.30.1", default-features = false, features = ["event", "fs", "process"] }
+notify = "8.0"
 num_cpus = "1.16"
+object_store_opendal = "0.54"
 once_cell = "1.18"
-opentelemetry-proto = { version = "0.27", features = [
+opentelemetry-proto = { version = "0.30", features = [
     "gen-tonic",
     "metrics",
     "trace",
     "with-serde",
     "logs",
 ] }
+ordered-float = { version = "4.3", features = ["serde"] }
 parking_lot = "0.12"
-parquet = { version = "53.0.0", default-features = false, features = ["arrow", "async", "object_store"] }
+parquet = { version = "56.0", default-features = false, features = ["arrow", "async", "object_store"] }
 paste = "1.0"
 pin-project = "1.0"
+pretty_assertions = "1.4.0"
 prometheus = { version = "0.13.3", features = ["process"] }
-promql-parser = { version = "0.5", features = ["ser"] }
+promql-parser = { version = "0.6", features = ["ser"] }
-prost = "0.13"
+prost = { version = "0.13", features = ["no-recursion-limit"] }
+prost-types = "0.13"
 raft-engine = { version = "0.4.1", default-features = false }
-rand = "0.8"
+rand = "0.9"
-ratelimit = "0.9"
+ratelimit = "0.10"
 regex = "1.8"
 regex-automata = "0.4"
 reqwest = { version = "0.12", default-features = false, features = [
@@ -174,45 +194,51 @@ reqwest = { version = "0.12", default-features = false, features = [
     "stream",
     "multipart",
 ] }
-rskafka = { git = "https://github.com/influxdata/rskafka.git", rev = "75535b5ad9bae4a5dbb582c82e44dfd81ec10105", features = [
+rskafka = { git = "https://github.com/WenyXu/rskafka.git", rev = "7b0f31ed39db049b4ee2e5f1e95b5a30be9baf76", features = [
     "transport-tls",
 ] }
-rstest = "0.21"
+rstest = "0.25"
 rstest_reuse = "0.7"
 rust_decimal = "1.33"
 rustc-hash = "2.0"
-rustls = { version = "0.23.20", default-features = false } # override by patch, see [patch.crates-io]
+# It is worth noting that we should try to avoid using aws-lc-rs until it can be compiled on various platforms.
+rustls = { version = "0.23.25", default-features = false }
+sea-query = "0.32"
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = { version = "1.0", features = ["float_roundtrip"] }
 serde_with = "3"
-shadow-rs = "0.38"
+simd-json = "0.15"
 similar-asserts = "1.6.0"
 smallvec = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 snafu = "0.8"
+sqlparser = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/sqlparser-rs.git", rev = "39e4fc94c3c741981f77e9d63b5ce8c02e0a27ea", features = [
+    "visitor",
+    "serde",
+] } # branch = "v0.55.x"
 sqlx = { version = "0.8", features = [
     "runtime-tokio-rustls",
     "mysql",
+    "postgres",
+    "chrono",
 ] }
-sysinfo = "0.30"
+strum = { version = "0.27", features = ["derive"] }
-# on branch v0.52.x
+sysinfo = "0.33"
-sqlparser = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/sqlparser-rs.git", rev = "71dd86058d2af97b9925093d40c4e03360403170", features = [
-    "visitor",
-    "serde",
-] } # on branch v0.44.x
-strum = { version = "0.25", features = ["derive"] }
 tempfile = "3"
-tokio = { version = "1.40", features = ["full"] }
+tokio = { version = "1.47", features = ["full"] }
 tokio-postgres = "0.7"
-tokio-rustls = { version = "0.26.0", default-features = false } # override by patch, see [patch.crates-io]
+tokio-rustls = { version = "0.26.2", default-features = false }
 tokio-stream = "0.1"
 tokio-util = { version = "0.7", features = ["io-util", "compat"] }
 toml = "0.8.8"
-tonic = { version = "0.12", features = ["tls", "gzip", "zstd"] }
+tonic = { version = "0.13", features = ["tls-ring", "gzip", "zstd"] }
 tower = "0.5"
+tower-http = "0.6"
+tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-appender = "0.2"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter", "json", "fmt"] }
 typetag = "0.2"
-uuid = { version = "1.7", features = ["serde", "v4", "fast-rng"] }
+uuid = { version = "1.17", features = ["serde", "v4", "fast-rng"] }
+vrl = "0.25"
 zstd = "0.13"
 # DO_NOT_REMOVE_THIS: END_OF_EXTERNAL_DEPENDENCIES
 
@@ -230,6 +256,7 @@ common-config = { path = "src/common/config" }
 common-datasource = { path = "src/common/datasource" }
 common-decimal = { path = "src/common/decimal" }
 common-error = { path = "src/common/error" }
+common-event-recorder = { path = "src/common/event-recorder" }
 common-frontend = { path = "src/common/frontend" }
 common-function = { path = "src/common/function" }
 common-greptimedb-telemetry = { path = "src/common/greptimedb-telemetry" }
@@ -246,11 +273,14 @@ common-procedure-test = { path = "src/common/procedure-test" }
 common-query = { path = "src/common/query" }
 common-recordbatch = { path = "src/common/recordbatch" }
 common-runtime = { path = "src/common/runtime" }
+common-session = { path = "src/common/session" }
+common-sql = { path = "src/common/sql" }
 common-telemetry = { path = "src/common/telemetry" }
 common-test-util = { path = "src/common/test-util" }
 common-time = { path = "src/common/time" }
 common-version = { path = "src/common/version" }
 common-wal = { path = "src/common/wal" }
+common-workload = { path = "src/common/workload" }
 datanode = { path = "src/datanode" }
 datatypes = { path = "src/datatypes" }
 file-engine = { path = "src/file-engine" }
@@ -262,9 +292,13 @@ log-store = { path = "src/log-store" }
 meta-client = { path = "src/meta-client" }
 meta-srv = { path = "src/meta-srv" }
 metric-engine = { path = "src/metric-engine" }
+mito-codec = { path = "src/mito-codec" }
 mito2 = { path = "src/mito2" }
 object-store = { path = "src/object-store" }
 operator = { path = "src/operator" }
+otel-arrow-rust = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/otel-arrow", rev = "2d64b7c0fa95642028a8205b36fe9ea0b023ec59", features = [
+    "server",
+] }
 partition = { path = "src/partition" }
 pipeline = { path = "src/pipeline" }
 plugins = { path = "src/plugins" }
@@ -274,19 +308,11 @@ query = { path = "src/query" }
 servers = { path = "src/servers" }
 session = { path = "src/session" }
 sql = { path = "src/sql" }
+stat = { path = "src/common/stat" }
 store-api = { path = "src/store-api" }
 substrait = { path = "src/common/substrait" }
 table = { path = "src/table" }
 
-[patch.crates-io]
-# change all rustls dependencies to use our fork to default to `ring` to make it "just work"
-hyper-rustls = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/hyper-rustls", rev = "a951e03" } # version = "0.27.5" with ring patch
-rustls = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/rustls", rev = "34fd0c6" }             # version = "0.23.20" with ring patch
-tokio-rustls = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/tokio-rustls", rev = "4604ca6" } # version = "0.26.0" with ring patch
-# This is commented, since we are not using aws-lc-sys, if we need to use it, we need to uncomment this line or use a release after this commit, or it wouldn't compile with gcc < 8.1
-# see https://github.com/aws/aws-lc-rs/pull/526
-# aws-lc-sys = { git ="https://github.com/aws/aws-lc-rs", rev = "556558441e3494af4b156ae95ebc07ebc2fd38aa" }
-
 [workspace.dependencies.meter-macros]
 git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-meter.git"
 rev = "5618e779cf2bb4755b499c630fba4c35e91898cb"

Makefile

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ CARGO_BUILD_OPTS := --locked
 IMAGE_REGISTRY ?= docker.io
 IMAGE_NAMESPACE ?= greptime
 IMAGE_TAG ?= latest
-DEV_BUILDER_IMAGE_TAG ?= 2024-12-25-a71b93dd-20250305072908
+DEV_BUILDER_IMAGE_TAG ?= 2025-05-19-f55023f3-20250829091211
 BUILDX_MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD ?= false
 BUILDX_BUILDER_NAME ?= gtbuilder
 BASE_IMAGE ?= ubuntu
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ SQLNESS_OPTS ?=
 ETCD_VERSION ?= v3.5.9
 ETCD_IMAGE ?= quay.io/coreos/etcd:${ETCD_VERSION}
 RETRY_COUNT ?= 3
-NEXTEST_OPTS := --retries ${RETRY_COUNT}
+NEXTEST_OPTS := --retries ${RETRY_COUNT} --features pg_kvbackend,mysql_kvbackend
 BUILD_JOBS ?= $(shell which nproc 1>/dev/null && expr $$(nproc) / 2) # If nproc is not available, we don't set the build jobs.
 ifeq ($(BUILD_JOBS), 0) # If the number of cores is less than 2, set the build jobs to 1.
   BUILD_JOBS := 1
@@ -32,6 +32,10 @@ ifneq ($(strip $(BUILD_JOBS)),)
 	NEXTEST_OPTS += --build-jobs=${BUILD_JOBS}
 endif
 
+ifneq ($(strip $(BUILD_JOBS)),)
+	SQLNESS_OPTS += --jobs ${BUILD_JOBS}
+endif
+
 ifneq ($(strip $(CARGO_PROFILE)),)
 	CARGO_BUILD_OPTS += --profile ${CARGO_PROFILE}
 endif
@@ -189,10 +193,22 @@ clippy: ## Check clippy rules.
 fix-clippy: ## Fix clippy violations.
 	cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets --all-features --fix
 
+.PHONY: check-udeps
+check-udeps: ## Check unused dependencies.
+	cargo udeps --workspace --all-targets
+
+.PHONY: fix-udeps
+fix-udeps: ## Remove unused dependencies automatically.
+	@echo "Running cargo-udeps to find unused dependencies..."
+	@cargo udeps --workspace --all-targets --output json > udeps-report.json || true
+	@echo "Removing unused dependencies..."
+	@python3 scripts/fix-udeps.py udeps-report.json
+	
 .PHONY: fmt-check
 fmt-check: ## Check code format.
 	cargo fmt --all -- --check
 	python3 scripts/check-snafu.py
+	python3 scripts/check-super-imports.py
 
 .PHONY: start-etcd
 start-etcd: ## Start single node etcd for testing purpose.
@@ -217,6 +233,16 @@ start-cluster: ## Start the greptimedb cluster with etcd by using docker compose
 stop-cluster: ## Stop the greptimedb cluster that created by docker compose.
 	docker compose -f ./docker/docker-compose/cluster-with-etcd.yaml stop
 
+##@ Grafana
+
+.PHONY: check-dashboards
+check-dashboards: ## Check the Grafana dashboards.
+	@./grafana/scripts/check.sh
+
+.PHONY: dashboards
+dashboards: ## Generate the Grafana dashboards for standalone mode and intermediate dashboards.
+	@./grafana/scripts/gen-dashboards.sh
+
 ##@ Docs
 config-docs: ## Generate configuration documentation from toml files.
 	docker run --rm \

README.md

@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@
   </picture>
 </p>
 
-<h2 align="center">Unified & Cost-Effective Time Series Database for Metrics, Logs, and Events</h2>
+<h2 align="center">Real-Time & Cloud-Native Observability  Database<br/>for metrics, logs, and traces</h2>
+
+>  Delivers sub-second querying at PB scale and exceptional cost efficiency from edge to cloud.
 
 <div align="center">
 <h3 align="center">
@@ -49,70 +51,77 @@
 </div>
 
 - [Introduction](#introduction)
-- [**Features: Why GreptimeDB**](#why-greptimedb)
+- [⭐ Key Features](#features)
-- [Architecture](https://docs.greptime.com/contributor-guide/overview/#architecture)
+- [Quick Comparison](#quick-comparison)
-- [Try it for free](#try-greptimedb)
+- [Architecture](#architecture)
+- [Try GreptimeDB](#try-greptimedb)
 - [Getting Started](#getting-started)
-- [Project Status](#project-status)
+- [Build From Source](#build-from-source)
-- [Join the community](#community)
-  - [Contributing](#contributing)
 - [Tools & Extensions](#tools--extensions)
+- [Project Status](#project-status)
+- [Community](#community)
 - [License](#license)
+- [Commercial Support](#commercial-support)
+- [Contributing](#contributing)
 - [Acknowledgement](#acknowledgement)
 
 ## Introduction
 
-**GreptimeDB** is an open-source unified & cost-effective time-series database for **Metrics**, **Logs**, and **Events** (also **Traces** in plan). You can gain real-time insights from Edge to Cloud at Any Scale.
+**GreptimeDB** is an open-source, cloud-native database purpose-built for the unified collection and analysis of observability data (metrics, logs, and traces). Whether you’re operating on the edge, in the cloud, or across hybrid environments, GreptimeDB empowers real-time insights at massive scale — all in one system.
 
-## Why GreptimeDB
+## Features
 
-Our core developers have been building time-series data platforms for years. Based on our best practices, GreptimeDB was born to give you:
+|   Feature  | Description |
+| --------- | ----------- |
+| [Unified Observability Data](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/concepts/why-greptimedb) | Store metrics, logs, and traces as timestamped, contextual wide events. Query via [SQL](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/query-data/sql), [PromQL](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/query-data/promql), and [streaming](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/flow-computation/overview). |
+| [High Performance & Cost Effective](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/manage-data/data-index) | Written in Rust, with a distributed query engine, [rich indexing](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/manage-data/data-index), and optimized columnar storage, delivering sub-second responses at PB scale. |
+| [Cloud-Native Architecture](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/concepts/architecture) | Designed for [Kubernetes](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/deployments-administration/deploy-on-kubernetes/greptimedb-operator-management), with compute/storage separation, native object storage (AWS S3, Azure Blob, etc.) and seamless cross-cloud access. |
+| [Developer-Friendly](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/protocols/overview) | Access via SQL/PromQL interfaces, REST API, MySQL/PostgreSQL protocols, and popular ingestion [protocols](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/protocols/overview). |
+| [Flexible Deployment](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/deployments-administration/overview) | Deploy anywhere: edge (including ARM/[Android](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/deployments-administration/run-on-android)) or cloud, with unified APIs and efficient data sync. |
 
-* **Unified Processing of Metrics, Logs, and Events**
+Learn more in [Why GreptimeDB](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/concepts/why-greptimedb) and [Observability 2.0 and the Database for It](https://greptime.com/blogs/2025-04-25-greptimedb-observability2-new-database).
 
-  GreptimeDB unifies time series data processing by treating all data - whether metrics, logs, or events - as timestamped events with context. Users can analyze this data using either [SQL](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/query-data/sql) or [PromQL](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/query-data/promql) and leverage stream processing ([Flow](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/flow-computation/overview)) to enable continuous aggregation. [Read more](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/concepts/data-model).
+## Quick Comparison
 
-* **Cloud-native Distributed Database**
+| Feature                         | GreptimeDB            | Traditional TSDB   | Log Stores      |
+|----------------------------------|-----------------------|--------------------|-----------------|
+| Data Types                      | Metrics, Logs, Traces | Metrics only       | Logs only       |
+| Query Language                  | SQL, PromQL, Streaming|  Custom/PromQL     | Custom/DSL      |
+| Deployment                      | Edge + Cloud          | Cloud/On-prem      | Mostly central  |
+| Indexing & Performance          | PB-Scale, Sub-second  | Varies             | Varies          |
+| Integration                     | REST, SQL, Common protocols | Varies     | Varies          |
 
-  Built for [Kubernetes](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/deployments/deploy-on-kubernetes/greptimedb-operator-management). GreptimeDB achieves seamless scalability with its [cloud-native architecture](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/concepts/architecture) of separated compute and storage, built on object storage (AWS S3, Azure Blob Storage, etc.) while enabling cross-cloud deployment through a unified data access layer.
+**Performance:**
+* [GreptimeDB tops JSONBench's billion-record cold run test!](https://greptime.com/blogs/2025-03-18-jsonbench-greptimedb-performance)
+* [TSBS Benchmark](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/tree/main/docs/benchmarks/tsbs)
 
-* **Performance and Cost-effective**
+Read [more benchmark reports](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/concepts/features-that-you-concern#how-is-greptimedbs-performance-compared-to-other-solutions).
 
-  Written in pure Rust for superior performance and reliability. GreptimeDB features a distributed query engine with intelligent indexing to handle high cardinality data efficiently. Its optimized columnar storage achieves 50x cost efficiency on cloud object storage through advanced compression. [Benchmark reports](https://www.greptime.com/blogs/2024-09-09-report-summary).
+## Architecture
 
-* **Cloud-Edge Collaboration**
+* Read the [architecture](https://docs.greptime.com/contributor-guide/overview/#architecture) document.
-
+* [DeepWiki](https://deepwiki.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/1-overview) provides an in-depth look at GreptimeDB:
-  GreptimeDB seamlessly operates across cloud and edge (ARM/Android/Linux), providing consistent APIs and control plane for unified data management and efficient synchronization. [Learn how to run on Android](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/deployments/run-on-android/).
+  <img alt="GreptimeDB System Overview" src="docs/architecture.png">
-
-* **Multi-protocol Ingestion, SQL & PromQL Ready**
-
-  Widely adopted database protocols and APIs, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, InfluxDB, OpenTelemetry, Loki and Prometheus, etc.  Effortless Adoption & Seamless Migration. [Supported Protocols Overview](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/protocols/overview).
-
-For more detailed info please read  [Why GreptimeDB](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/concepts/why-greptimedb).
 
 ## Try GreptimeDB
 
 ### 1. [Live Demo](https://greptime.com/playground)
 
-Try out the features of GreptimeDB right from your browser.
+Experience GreptimeDB directly in your browser.
 
 ### 2. [GreptimeCloud](https://console.greptime.cloud/)
 
 Start instantly with a free cluster.
 
-### 3. Docker Image
+### 3. Docker (Local Quickstart)
-
-To install GreptimeDB locally, the recommended way is via Docker:
 
 ```shell
 docker pull greptime/greptimedb
 ```
 
-Start a GreptimeDB container with:
-
 ```shell
 docker run -p 127.0.0.1:4000-4003:4000-4003 \
-  -v "$(pwd)/greptimedb:/tmp/greptimedb" \
+  -v "$(pwd)/greptimedb_data:/greptimedb_data" \
   --name greptime --rm \
   greptime/greptimedb:latest standalone start \
   --http-addr 0.0.0.0:4000 \
@@ -120,112 +129,90 @@ docker run -p 127.0.0.1:4000-4003:4000-4003 \
   --mysql-addr 0.0.0.0:4002 \
   --postgres-addr 0.0.0.0:4003
 ```
+Dashboard: [http://localhost:4000/dashboard](http://localhost:4000/dashboard)
+[Full Install Guide](https://docs.greptime.com/getting-started/installation/overview)
 
-Access the dashboard via `http://localhost:4000/dashboard`.
+**Troubleshooting:**
-
+* Cannot connect to the database? Ensure that ports `4000`, `4001`, `4002`, and `4003` are not blocked by a firewall or used by other services.
-Read more about [Installation](https://docs.greptime.com/getting-started/installation/overview) on docs.
+* Failed to start? Check the container logs with `docker logs greptime` for further details.
 
 ## Getting Started
 
-* [Quickstart](https://docs.greptime.com/getting-started/quick-start)
+- [Quickstart](https://docs.greptime.com/getting-started/quick-start)
-* [User Guide](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/overview)
+- [User Guide](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/overview)
-* [Demos](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/demo-scene)
+- [Demo Scenes](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/demo-scene)
-* [FAQ](https://docs.greptime.com/faq-and-others/faq)
+- [FAQ](https://docs.greptime.com/faq-and-others/faq)
 
-## Build
+## Build From Source
-
-Check the prerequisite:
 
+**Prerequisites:**
 * [Rust toolchain](https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install) (nightly)
 * [Protobuf compiler](https://grpc.io/docs/protoc-installation/) (>= 3.15)
 * C/C++ building essentials, including `gcc`/`g++`/`autoconf` and glibc library (eg. `libc6-dev` on Ubuntu and `glibc-devel` on Fedora)
 * Python toolchain (optional): Required only if using some test scripts.
 
-Build GreptimeDB binary:
+**Build and Run:**
-
+```bash
-```shell
 make
-```
-
-Run a standalone server:
-
-```shell
 cargo run -- standalone start
 ```
 
 ## Tools & Extensions
 
-### Kubernetes
+- **Kubernetes:** [GreptimeDB Operator](https://github.com/GrepTimeTeam/greptimedb-operator)
-
+- **Helm Charts:** [Greptime Helm Charts](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/helm-charts)
-- [GreptimeDB Operator](https://github.com/GrepTimeTeam/greptimedb-operator)
+- **Dashboard:** [Web UI](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/dashboard)
-
+- **SDKs/Ingester:** [Go](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb-ingester-go), [Java](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb-ingester-java), [C++](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb-ingester-cpp), [Erlang](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb-ingester-erl), [Rust](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb-ingester-rust), [JS](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb-ingester-js)
-### Dashboard
+- **Grafana**: [Official Dashboard](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/blob/main/grafana/README.md)
-
-- [The dashboard UI for GreptimeDB](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/dashboard)
-
-### SDK
-
-- [GreptimeDB Go Ingester](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb-ingester-go)
-- [GreptimeDB Java Ingester](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb-ingester-java)
-- [GreptimeDB C++ Ingester](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb-ingester-cpp)
-- [GreptimeDB Erlang Ingester](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb-ingester-erl)
-- [GreptimeDB Rust Ingester](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb-ingester-rust)
-- [GreptimeDB JavaScript Ingester](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb-ingester-js)
-
-### Grafana Dashboard
-
-Our official Grafana dashboard for monitoring GreptimeDB is available at [grafana](grafana/README.md) directory.
 
 ## Project Status
 
-GreptimeDB is currently in Beta. We are targeting GA (General Availability) with v1.0 release by Early 2025.
+> **Status:** Beta.
+> **GA (v1.0):** Targeted for mid 2025.
 
-While in Beta, GreptimeDB is already:
+- Being used in production by early adopters
-
+- Stable, actively maintained, with regular releases ([version info](https://docs.greptime.com/nightly/reference/about-greptimedb-version))
-* Being used in production by early adopters
+- Suitable for evaluation and pilot deployments
-* Actively maintained with regular releases, [about version number](https://docs.greptime.com/nightly/reference/about-greptimedb-version)
-* Suitable for testing and evaluation
 
 For production use, we recommend using the latest stable release.
+[![Star History Chart](https://api.star-history.com/svg?repos=GreptimeTeam/GreptimeDB&type=Date)](https://www.star-history.com/#GreptimeTeam/GreptimeDB&Date)
+
+If you find this project useful, a ⭐ would mean a lot to us!
+<img alt="Known Users" src="https://greptime.com/logo/img/users.png"/>
 
 ## Community
 
-Our core team is thrilled to see you participate in any ways you like. When you are stuck, try to
+We invite you to engage and contribute!
-ask for help by filling an issue with a detailed description of what you were trying to do
-and what went wrong. If you have any questions or if you would like to get involved in our
-community, please check out:
 
-- GreptimeDB Community on [Slack](https://greptime.com/slack)
+- [Slack](https://greptime.com/slack)
-- GreptimeDB [GitHub Discussions forum](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/discussions)
+- [Discussions](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/discussions)
-- Greptime official [website](https://greptime.com)
+- [Official Website](https://greptime.com/)
-
+- [Blog](https://greptime.com/blogs/)
-In addition, you may:
+- [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/greptime/)
-
+- [X (Twitter)](https://X.com/greptime)
-- View our official [Blog](https://greptime.com/blogs/)
+- [YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/@greptime)
-- Connect us with [Linkedin](https://www.linkedin.com/company/greptime/)
-- Follow us on [Twitter](https://twitter.com/greptime)
-
-## Commercial Support
-
-If you are running GreptimeDB OSS in your organization, we offer additional
-enterprise add-ons, installation services, training, and consulting. [Contact
-us](https://greptime.com/contactus) and we will reach out to you with more
-detail of our commercial license.
 
 ## License
 
-GreptimeDB uses the [Apache License 2.0](https://apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt) to strike a balance between
+GreptimeDB is licensed under the [Apache License 2.0](https://apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt).
-open contributions and allowing you to use the software however you want.
+
+## Commercial Support
+
+Running GreptimeDB in your organization?
+We offer enterprise add-ons, services, training, and consulting.
+[Contact us](https://greptime.com/contactus) for details.
 
 ## Contributing
 
-Please refer to [contribution guidelines](CONTRIBUTING.md) and [internal concepts docs](https://docs.greptime.com/contributor-guide/overview.html) for more information.
+- Read our [Contribution Guidelines](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md).
+- Explore [Internal Concepts](https://docs.greptime.com/contributor-guide/overview.html) and [DeepWiki](https://deepwiki.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb).
+- Pick up a [good first issue](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3A%22good+first+issue%22) and join the #contributors [Slack](https://greptime.com/slack) channel.
 
 ## Acknowledgement
 
-Special thanks to all the contributors who have propelled GreptimeDB forward. For a complete list of contributors, please refer to [AUTHOR.md](AUTHOR.md).
+Special thanks to all contributors! See [AUTHORS.md](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/blob/main/AUTHOR.md).
 
-- GreptimeDB uses [Apache Arrow™](https://arrow.apache.org/) as the memory model and [Apache Parquet™](https://parquet.apache.org/) as the persistent file format.
+- Uses [Apache Arrow™](https://arrow.apache.org/) (memory model)
-- GreptimeDB's query engine is powered by [Apache Arrow DataFusion™](https://arrow.apache.org/datafusion/).
+- [Apache Parquet™](https://parquet.apache.org/) (file storage)
-- [Apache OpenDAL™](https://opendal.apache.org) gives GreptimeDB a very general and elegant data access abstraction layer.
+- [Apache Arrow DataFusion™](https://arrow.apache.org/datafusion/) (query engine)
-- GreptimeDB's meta service is based on [etcd](https://etcd.io/).
+- [Apache OpenDAL™](https://opendal.apache.org/) (data access abstraction)

config/config.md

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 
 | Key | Type | Default | Descriptions |
 | --- | -----| ------- | ----------- |
-| `mode` | String | `standalone` | The running mode of the datanode. It can be `standalone` or `distributed`. |
 | `default_timezone` | String | Unset | The default timezone of the server. |
 | `init_regions_in_background` | Bool | `false` | Initialize all regions in the background during the startup.<br/>By default, it provides services after all regions have been initialized. |
 | `init_regions_parallelism` | Integer | `16` | Parallelism of initializing regions. |
@@ -24,10 +23,11 @@
 | `runtime.compact_rt_size` | Integer | `4` | The number of threads to execute the runtime for global write operations. |
 | `http` | -- | -- | The HTTP server options. |
 | `http.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4000` | The address to bind the HTTP server. |
-| `http.timeout` | String | `30s` | HTTP request timeout. Set to 0 to disable timeout. |
+| `http.timeout` | String | `0s` | HTTP request timeout. Set to 0 to disable timeout. |
 | `http.body_limit` | String | `64MB` | HTTP request body limit.<br/>The following units are supported: `B`, `KB`, `KiB`, `MB`, `MiB`, `GB`, `GiB`, `TB`, `TiB`, `PB`, `PiB`.<br/>Set to 0 to disable limit. |
 | `http.enable_cors` | Bool | `true` | HTTP CORS support, it's turned on by default<br/>This allows browser to access http APIs without CORS restrictions |
 | `http.cors_allowed_origins` | Array | Unset | Customize allowed origins for HTTP CORS. |
+| `http.prom_validation_mode` | String | `strict` | Whether to enable validation for Prometheus remote write requests.<br/>Available options:<br/>- strict: deny invalid UTF-8 strings (default).<br/>- lossy: allow invalid UTF-8 strings, replace invalid characters with REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER(U+FFFD).<br/>- unchecked: do not valid strings. |
 | `grpc` | -- | -- | The gRPC server options. |
 | `grpc.bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4001` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
 | `grpc.runtime_size` | Integer | `8` | The number of server worker threads. |
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 | `mysql.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4002` | The addr to bind the MySQL server. |
 | `mysql.runtime_size` | Integer | `2` | The number of server worker threads. |
 | `mysql.keep_alive` | String | `0s` | Server-side keep-alive time.<br/>Set to 0 (default) to disable. |
+| `mysql.prepared_stmt_cache_size` | Integer | `10000` | Maximum entries in the MySQL prepared statement cache; default is 10,000. |
 | `mysql.tls` | -- | -- | -- |
 | `mysql.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode, refer to https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-ssl.html<br/>- `disable` (default value)<br/>- `prefer`<br/>- `require`<br/>- `verify-ca`<br/>- `verify-full` |
 | `mysql.tls.cert_path` | String | Unset | Certificate file path. |
@@ -86,10 +87,6 @@
 | `wal.create_topic_timeout` | String | `30s` | Above which a topic creation operation will be cancelled.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
 | `wal.max_batch_bytes` | String | `1MB` | The max size of a single producer batch.<br/>Warning: Kafka has a default limit of 1MB per message in a topic.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
 | `wal.consumer_wait_timeout` | String | `100ms` | The consumer wait timeout.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
-| `wal.backoff_init` | String | `500ms` | The initial backoff delay.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
-| `wal.backoff_max` | String | `10s` | The maximum backoff delay.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
-| `wal.backoff_base` | Integer | `2` | The exponential backoff rate, i.e. next backoff = base * current backoff.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
-| `wal.backoff_deadline` | String | `5mins` | The deadline of retries.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
 | `wal.overwrite_entry_start_id` | Bool | `false` | Ignore missing entries during read WAL.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.<br/><br/>This option ensures that when Kafka messages are deleted, the system<br/>can still successfully replay memtable data without throwing an<br/>out-of-range error.<br/>However, enabling this option might lead to unexpected data loss,<br/>as the system will skip over missing entries instead of treating<br/>them as critical errors. |
 | `metadata_store` | -- | -- | Metadata storage options. |
 | `metadata_store.file_size` | String | `64MB` | The size of the metadata store log file. |
@@ -98,11 +95,15 @@
 | `procedure` | -- | -- | Procedure storage options. |
 | `procedure.max_retry_times` | Integer | `3` | Procedure max retry time. |
 | `procedure.retry_delay` | String | `500ms` | Initial retry delay of procedures, increases exponentially |
+| `procedure.max_running_procedures` | Integer | `128` | Max running procedures.<br/>The maximum number of procedures that can be running at the same time.<br/>If the number of running procedures exceeds this limit, the procedure will be rejected. |
 | `flow` | -- | -- | flow engine options. |
 | `flow.num_workers` | Integer | `0` | The number of flow worker in flownode.<br/>Not setting(or set to 0) this value will use the number of CPU cores divided by 2. |
+| `query` | -- | -- | The query engine options. |
+| `query.parallelism` | Integer | `0` | Parallelism of the query engine.<br/>Default to 0, which means the number of CPU cores. |
 | `storage` | -- | -- | The data storage options. |
-| `storage.data_home` | String | `/tmp/greptimedb/` | The working home directory. |
+| `storage.data_home` | String | `./greptimedb_data` | The working home directory. |
 | `storage.type` | String | `File` | The storage type used to store the data.<br/>- `File`: the data is stored in the local file system.<br/>- `S3`: the data is stored in the S3 object storage.<br/>- `Gcs`: the data is stored in the Google Cloud Storage.<br/>- `Azblob`: the data is stored in the Azure Blob Storage.<br/>- `Oss`: the data is stored in the Aliyun OSS. |
+| `storage.enable_read_cache` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable read cache. If not set, the read cache will be enabled by default. |
 | `storage.cache_path` | String | Unset | Read cache configuration for object storage such as 'S3' etc, it's configured by default when using object storage. It is recommended to configure it when using object storage for better performance.<br/>A local file directory, defaults to `{data_home}`. An empty string means disabling. |
 | `storage.cache_capacity` | String | Unset | The local file cache capacity in bytes. If your disk space is sufficient, it is recommended to set it larger. |
 | `storage.bucket` | String | Unset | The S3 bucket name.<br/>**It's only used when the storage type is `S3`, `Oss` and `Gcs`**. |
@@ -124,6 +125,7 @@
 | `storage.http_client.connect_timeout` | String | `30s` | The timeout for only the connect phase of a http client. |
 | `storage.http_client.timeout` | String | `30s` | The total request timeout, applied from when the request starts connecting until the response body has finished.<br/>Also considered a total deadline. |
 | `storage.http_client.pool_idle_timeout` | String | `90s` | The timeout for idle sockets being kept-alive. |
+| `storage.http_client.skip_ssl_validation` | Bool | `false` | To skip the ssl verification<br/>**Security Notice**: Setting `skip_ssl_validation = true` disables certificate verification, making connections vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks. Only use this in development or trusted private networks. |
 | `[[region_engine]]` | -- | -- | The region engine options. You can configure multiple region engines. |
 | `region_engine.mito` | -- | -- | The Mito engine options. |
 | `region_engine.mito.num_workers` | Integer | `8` | Number of region workers. |
@@ -147,6 +149,7 @@
 | `region_engine.mito.write_cache_ttl` | String | Unset | TTL for write cache. |
 | `region_engine.mito.sst_write_buffer_size` | String | `8MB` | Buffer size for SST writing. |
 | `region_engine.mito.parallel_scan_channel_size` | Integer | `32` | Capacity of the channel to send data from parallel scan tasks to the main task. |
+| `region_engine.mito.max_concurrent_scan_files` | Integer | `384` | Maximum number of SST files to scan concurrently. |
 | `region_engine.mito.allow_stale_entries` | Bool | `false` | Whether to allow stale WAL entries read during replay. |
 | `region_engine.mito.min_compaction_interval` | String | `0m` | Minimum time interval between two compactions.<br/>To align with the old behavior, the default value is 0 (no restrictions). |
 | `region_engine.mito.index` | -- | -- | The options for index in Mito engine. |
@@ -156,6 +159,7 @@
 | `region_engine.mito.index.metadata_cache_size` | String | `64MiB` | Cache size for inverted index metadata. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.content_cache_size` | String | `128MiB` | Cache size for inverted index content. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.content_cache_page_size` | String | `64KiB` | Page size for inverted index content cache. |
+| `region_engine.mito.index.result_cache_size` | String | `128MiB` | Cache size for index result. |
 | `region_engine.mito.inverted_index` | -- | -- | The options for inverted index in Mito engine. |
 | `region_engine.mito.inverted_index.create_on_flush` | String | `auto` | Whether to create the index on flush.<br/>- `auto`: automatically (default)<br/>- `disable`: never |
 | `region_engine.mito.inverted_index.create_on_compaction` | String | `auto` | Whether to create the index on compaction.<br/>- `auto`: automatically (default)<br/>- `disable`: never |
@@ -181,29 +185,34 @@
 | `region_engine.metric` | -- | -- | Metric engine options. |
 | `region_engine.metric.experimental_sparse_primary_key_encoding` | Bool | `false` | Whether to enable the experimental sparse primary key encoding. |
 | `logging` | -- | -- | The logging options. |
-| `logging.dir` | String | `/tmp/greptimedb/logs` | The directory to store the log files. If set to empty, logs will not be written to files. |
+| `logging.dir` | String | `./greptimedb_data/logs` | The directory to store the log files. If set to empty, logs will not be written to files. |
 | `logging.level` | String | Unset | The log level. Can be `info`/`debug`/`warn`/`error`. |
 | `logging.enable_otlp_tracing` | Bool | `false` | Enable OTLP tracing. |
-| `logging.otlp_endpoint` | String | `http://localhost:4317` | The OTLP tracing endpoint. |
+| `logging.otlp_endpoint` | String | `http://localhost:4318/v1/traces` | The OTLP tracing endpoint. |
 | `logging.append_stdout` | Bool | `true` | Whether to append logs to stdout. |
 | `logging.log_format` | String | `text` | The log format. Can be `text`/`json`. |
 | `logging.max_log_files` | Integer | `720` | The maximum amount of log files. |
-| `logging.tracing_sample_ratio` | -- | -- | The percentage of tracing will be sampled and exported.<br/>Valid range `[0, 1]`, 1 means all traces are sampled, 0 means all traces are not sampled, the default value is 1.<br/>ratio > 1 are treated as 1. Fractions < 0 are treated as 0 |
+| `logging.otlp_export_protocol` | String | `http` | The OTLP tracing export protocol. Can be `grpc`/`http`. |
+| `logging.otlp_headers` | -- | -- | Additional OTLP headers, only valid when using OTLP http |
+| `logging.tracing_sample_ratio` | -- | Unset | The percentage of tracing will be sampled and exported.<br/>Valid range `[0, 1]`, 1 means all traces are sampled, 0 means all traces are not sampled, the default value is 1.<br/>ratio > 1 are treated as 1. Fractions < 0 are treated as 0 |
 | `logging.tracing_sample_ratio.default_ratio` | Float | `1.0` | -- |
-| `logging.slow_query` | -- | -- | The slow query log options. |
+| `slow_query` | -- | -- | The slow query log options. |
-| `logging.slow_query.enable` | Bool | `false` | Whether to enable slow query log. |
+| `slow_query.enable` | Bool | `false` | Whether to enable slow query log. |
-| `logging.slow_query.threshold` | String | Unset | The threshold of slow query. |
+| `slow_query.record_type` | String | Unset | The record type of slow queries. It can be `system_table` or `log`. |
-| `logging.slow_query.sample_ratio` | Float | Unset | The sampling ratio of slow query log. The value should be in the range of (0, 1]. |
+| `slow_query.threshold` | String | Unset | The threshold of slow query. |
-| `export_metrics` | -- | -- | The datanode can export its metrics and send to Prometheus compatible service (e.g. send to `greptimedb` itself) from remote-write API.<br/>This is only used for `greptimedb` to export its own metrics internally. It's different from prometheus scrape. |
+| `slow_query.sample_ratio` | Float | Unset | The sampling ratio of slow query log. The value should be in the range of (0, 1]. |
+| `export_metrics` | -- | -- | The standalone can export its metrics and send to Prometheus compatible service (e.g. `greptimedb`) from remote-write API.<br/>This is only used for `greptimedb` to export its own metrics internally. It's different from prometheus scrape. |
 | `export_metrics.enable` | Bool | `false` | whether enable export metrics. |
 | `export_metrics.write_interval` | String | `30s` | The interval of export metrics. |
 | `export_metrics.self_import` | -- | -- | For `standalone` mode, `self_import` is recommended to collect metrics generated by itself<br/>You must create the database before enabling it. |
 | `export_metrics.self_import.db` | String | Unset | -- |
 | `export_metrics.remote_write` | -- | -- | -- |
-| `export_metrics.remote_write.url` | String | `""` | The url the metrics send to. The url example can be: `http://127.0.0.1:4000/v1/prometheus/write?db=greptime_metrics`. |
+| `export_metrics.remote_write.url` | String | `""` | The prometheus remote write endpoint that the metrics send to. The url example can be: `http://127.0.0.1:4000/v1/prometheus/write?db=greptime_metrics`. |
 | `export_metrics.remote_write.headers` | InlineTable | -- | HTTP headers of Prometheus remote-write carry. |
 | `tracing` | -- | -- | The tracing options. Only effect when compiled with `tokio-console` feature. |
 | `tracing.tokio_console_addr` | String | Unset | The tokio console address. |
+| `memory` | -- | -- | The memory options. |
+| `memory.enable_heap_profiling` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable heap profiling activation during startup.<br/>When enabled, heap profiling will be activated if the `MALLOC_CONF` environment variable<br/>is set to "prof:true,prof_active:false". The official image adds this env variable.<br/>Default is true. |
 
 
 ## Distributed Mode
@@ -222,24 +231,37 @@
 | `heartbeat.retry_interval` | String | `3s` | Interval for retrying to send heartbeat messages to the metasrv. |
 | `http` | -- | -- | The HTTP server options. |
 | `http.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4000` | The address to bind the HTTP server. |
-| `http.timeout` | String | `30s` | HTTP request timeout. Set to 0 to disable timeout. |
+| `http.timeout` | String | `0s` | HTTP request timeout. Set to 0 to disable timeout. |
 | `http.body_limit` | String | `64MB` | HTTP request body limit.<br/>The following units are supported: `B`, `KB`, `KiB`, `MB`, `MiB`, `GB`, `GiB`, `TB`, `TiB`, `PB`, `PiB`.<br/>Set to 0 to disable limit. |
 | `http.enable_cors` | Bool | `true` | HTTP CORS support, it's turned on by default<br/>This allows browser to access http APIs without CORS restrictions |
 | `http.cors_allowed_origins` | Array | Unset | Customize allowed origins for HTTP CORS. |
+| `http.prom_validation_mode` | String | `strict` | Whether to enable validation for Prometheus remote write requests.<br/>Available options:<br/>- strict: deny invalid UTF-8 strings (default).<br/>- lossy: allow invalid UTF-8 strings, replace invalid characters with REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER(U+FFFD).<br/>- unchecked: do not valid strings. |
 | `grpc` | -- | -- | The gRPC server options. |
 | `grpc.bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4001` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
 | `grpc.server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4001` | The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.<br/>If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface<br/>on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `grpc.bind_addr`. |
 | `grpc.runtime_size` | Integer | `8` | The number of server worker threads. |
+| `grpc.flight_compression` | String | `arrow_ipc` | Compression mode for frontend side Arrow IPC service. Available options:<br/>- `none`: disable all compression<br/>- `transport`: only enable gRPC transport compression (zstd)<br/>- `arrow_ipc`: only enable Arrow IPC compression (lz4)<br/>- `all`: enable all compression.<br/>Default to `none` |
 | `grpc.tls` | -- | -- | gRPC server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section. |
 | `grpc.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode. |
 | `grpc.tls.cert_path` | String | Unset | Certificate file path. |
 | `grpc.tls.key_path` | String | Unset | Private key file path. |
 | `grpc.tls.watch` | Bool | `false` | Watch for Certificate and key file change and auto reload.<br/>For now, gRPC tls config does not support auto reload. |
+| `internal_grpc` | -- | -- | The internal gRPC server options. Internal gRPC port for nodes inside cluster to access frontend. |
+| `internal_grpc.bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4010` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
+| `internal_grpc.server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4010` | The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.<br/>If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface<br/>on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `grpc.bind_addr`. |
+| `internal_grpc.runtime_size` | Integer | `8` | The number of server worker threads. |
+| `internal_grpc.flight_compression` | String | `arrow_ipc` | Compression mode for frontend side Arrow IPC service. Available options:<br/>- `none`: disable all compression<br/>- `transport`: only enable gRPC transport compression (zstd)<br/>- `arrow_ipc`: only enable Arrow IPC compression (lz4)<br/>- `all`: enable all compression.<br/>Default to `none` |
+| `internal_grpc.tls` | -- | -- | internal gRPC server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section. |
+| `internal_grpc.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode. |
+| `internal_grpc.tls.cert_path` | String | Unset | Certificate file path. |
+| `internal_grpc.tls.key_path` | String | Unset | Private key file path. |
+| `internal_grpc.tls.watch` | Bool | `false` | Watch for Certificate and key file change and auto reload.<br/>For now, gRPC tls config does not support auto reload. |
 | `mysql` | -- | -- | MySQL server options. |
 | `mysql.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable. |
 | `mysql.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4002` | The addr to bind the MySQL server. |
 | `mysql.runtime_size` | Integer | `2` | The number of server worker threads. |
 | `mysql.keep_alive` | String | `0s` | Server-side keep-alive time.<br/>Set to 0 (default) to disable. |
+| `mysql.prepared_stmt_cache_size` | Integer | `10000` | Maximum entries in the MySQL prepared statement cache; default is 10,000. |
 | `mysql.tls` | -- | -- | -- |
 | `mysql.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode, refer to https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-ssl.html<br/>- `disable` (default value)<br/>- `prefer`<br/>- `require`<br/>- `verify-ca`<br/>- `verify-full` |
 | `mysql.tls.cert_path` | String | Unset | Certificate file path. |
@@ -274,60 +296,87 @@
 | `meta_client.metadata_cache_max_capacity` | Integer | `100000` | The configuration about the cache of the metadata. |
 | `meta_client.metadata_cache_ttl` | String | `10m` | TTL of the metadata cache. |
 | `meta_client.metadata_cache_tti` | String | `5m` | -- |
+| `query` | -- | -- | The query engine options. |
+| `query.parallelism` | Integer | `0` | Parallelism of the query engine.<br/>Default to 0, which means the number of CPU cores. |
+| `query.allow_query_fallback` | Bool | `false` | Whether to allow query fallback when push down optimize fails.<br/>Default to false, meaning when push down optimize failed, return error msg |
 | `datanode` | -- | -- | Datanode options. |
 | `datanode.client` | -- | -- | Datanode client options. |
 | `datanode.client.connect_timeout` | String | `10s` | -- |
 | `datanode.client.tcp_nodelay` | Bool | `true` | -- |
 | `logging` | -- | -- | The logging options. |
-| `logging.dir` | String | `/tmp/greptimedb/logs` | The directory to store the log files. If set to empty, logs will not be written to files. |
+| `logging.dir` | String | `./greptimedb_data/logs` | The directory to store the log files. If set to empty, logs will not be written to files. |
 | `logging.level` | String | Unset | The log level. Can be `info`/`debug`/`warn`/`error`. |
 | `logging.enable_otlp_tracing` | Bool | `false` | Enable OTLP tracing. |
-| `logging.otlp_endpoint` | String | `http://localhost:4317` | The OTLP tracing endpoint. |
+| `logging.otlp_endpoint` | String | `http://localhost:4318/v1/traces` | The OTLP tracing endpoint. |
 | `logging.append_stdout` | Bool | `true` | Whether to append logs to stdout. |
 | `logging.log_format` | String | `text` | The log format. Can be `text`/`json`. |
 | `logging.max_log_files` | Integer | `720` | The maximum amount of log files. |
-| `logging.tracing_sample_ratio` | -- | -- | The percentage of tracing will be sampled and exported.<br/>Valid range `[0, 1]`, 1 means all traces are sampled, 0 means all traces are not sampled, the default value is 1.<br/>ratio > 1 are treated as 1. Fractions < 0 are treated as 0 |
+| `logging.otlp_export_protocol` | String | `http` | The OTLP tracing export protocol. Can be `grpc`/`http`. |
+| `logging.otlp_headers` | -- | -- | Additional OTLP headers, only valid when using OTLP http |
+| `logging.tracing_sample_ratio` | -- | Unset | The percentage of tracing will be sampled and exported.<br/>Valid range `[0, 1]`, 1 means all traces are sampled, 0 means all traces are not sampled, the default value is 1.<br/>ratio > 1 are treated as 1. Fractions < 0 are treated as 0 |
 | `logging.tracing_sample_ratio.default_ratio` | Float | `1.0` | -- |
-| `logging.slow_query` | -- | -- | The slow query log options. |
+| `slow_query` | -- | -- | The slow query log options. |
-| `logging.slow_query.enable` | Bool | `false` | Whether to enable slow query log. |
+| `slow_query.enable` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable slow query log. |
-| `logging.slow_query.threshold` | String | Unset | The threshold of slow query. |
+| `slow_query.record_type` | String | `system_table` | The record type of slow queries. It can be `system_table` or `log`.<br/>If `system_table` is selected, the slow queries will be recorded in a system table `greptime_private.slow_queries`.<br/>If `log` is selected, the slow queries will be logged in a log file `greptimedb-slow-queries.*`. |
-| `logging.slow_query.sample_ratio` | Float | Unset | The sampling ratio of slow query log. The value should be in the range of (0, 1]. |
+| `slow_query.threshold` | String | `30s` | The threshold of slow query. It can be human readable time string, for example: `10s`, `100ms`, `1s`. |
-| `export_metrics` | -- | -- | The datanode can export its metrics and send to Prometheus compatible service (e.g. send to `greptimedb` itself) from remote-write API.<br/>This is only used for `greptimedb` to export its own metrics internally. It's different from prometheus scrape. |
+| `slow_query.sample_ratio` | Float | `1.0` | The sampling ratio of slow query log. The value should be in the range of (0, 1]. For example, `0.1` means 10% of the slow queries will be logged and `1.0` means all slow queries will be logged. |
+| `slow_query.ttl` | String | `90d` | The TTL of the `slow_queries` system table. Default is `90d` when `record_type` is `system_table`. |
+| `export_metrics` | -- | -- | The frontend can export its metrics and send to Prometheus compatible service (e.g. `greptimedb` itself) from remote-write API.<br/>This is only used for `greptimedb` to export its own metrics internally. It's different from prometheus scrape. |
 | `export_metrics.enable` | Bool | `false` | whether enable export metrics. |
 | `export_metrics.write_interval` | String | `30s` | The interval of export metrics. |
-| `export_metrics.self_import` | -- | -- | For `standalone` mode, `self_import` is recommend to collect metrics generated by itself<br/>You must create the database before enabling it. |
-| `export_metrics.self_import.db` | String | Unset | -- |
 | `export_metrics.remote_write` | -- | -- | -- |
-| `export_metrics.remote_write.url` | String | `""` | The url the metrics send to. The url example can be: `http://127.0.0.1:4000/v1/prometheus/write?db=greptime_metrics`. |
+| `export_metrics.remote_write.url` | String | `""` | The prometheus remote write endpoint that the metrics send to. The url example can be: `http://127.0.0.1:4000/v1/prometheus/write?db=greptime_metrics`. |
 | `export_metrics.remote_write.headers` | InlineTable | -- | HTTP headers of Prometheus remote-write carry. |
 | `tracing` | -- | -- | The tracing options. Only effect when compiled with `tokio-console` feature. |
 | `tracing.tokio_console_addr` | String | Unset | The tokio console address. |
+| `memory` | -- | -- | The memory options. |
+| `memory.enable_heap_profiling` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable heap profiling activation during startup.<br/>When enabled, heap profiling will be activated if the `MALLOC_CONF` environment variable<br/>is set to "prof:true,prof_active:false". The official image adds this env variable.<br/>Default is true. |
+| `event_recorder` | -- | -- | Configuration options for the event recorder. |
+| `event_recorder.ttl` | String | `90d` | TTL for the events table that will be used to store the events. Default is `90d`. |
 
 
 ### Metasrv
 
 | Key | Type | Default | Descriptions |
 | --- | -----| ------- | ----------- |
-| `data_home` | String | `/tmp/metasrv/` | The working home directory. |
+| `data_home` | String | `./greptimedb_data` | The working home directory. |
-| `bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | The bind address of metasrv. |
-| `server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | The communication server address for the frontend and datanode to connect to metasrv.<br/>If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface<br/>on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `bind_addr`. |
 | `store_addrs` | Array | -- | Store server address default to etcd store.<br/>For postgres store, the format is:<br/>"password=password dbname=postgres user=postgres host=localhost port=5432"<br/>For etcd store, the format is:<br/>"127.0.0.1:2379" |
 | `store_key_prefix` | String | `""` | If it's not empty, the metasrv will store all data with this key prefix. |
-| `backend` | String | `etcd_store` | The datastore for meta server.<br/>Available values:<br/>- `etcd_store` (default value)<br/>- `memory_store`<br/>- `postgres_store` |
+| `backend` | String | `etcd_store` | The datastore for meta server.<br/>Available values:<br/>- `etcd_store` (default value)<br/>- `memory_store`<br/>- `postgres_store`<br/>- `mysql_store` |
 | `meta_table_name` | String | `greptime_metakv` | Table name in RDS to store metadata. Effect when using a RDS kvbackend.<br/>**Only used when backend is `postgres_store`.** |
+| `meta_schema_name` | String | `greptime_schema` | Optional PostgreSQL schema for metadata table and election table name qualification.<br/>When PostgreSQL public schema is not writable (e.g., PostgreSQL 15+ with restricted public),<br/>set this to a writable schema. GreptimeDB will use `meta_schema_name`.`meta_table_name`.<br/>GreptimeDB will NOT create the schema automatically; please ensure it exists or the user has permission.<br/>**Only used when backend is `postgres_store`.** |
 | `meta_election_lock_id` | Integer | `1` | Advisory lock id in PostgreSQL for election. Effect when using PostgreSQL as kvbackend<br/>Only used when backend is `postgres_store`. |
 | `selector` | String | `round_robin` | Datanode selector type.<br/>- `round_robin` (default value)<br/>- `lease_based`<br/>- `load_based`<br/>For details, please see "https://docs.greptime.com/developer-guide/metasrv/selector". |
 | `use_memory_store` | Bool | `false` | Store data in memory. |
 | `enable_region_failover` | Bool | `false` | Whether to enable region failover.<br/>This feature is only available on GreptimeDB running on cluster mode and<br/>- Using Remote WAL<br/>- Using shared storage (e.g., s3). |
+| `region_failure_detector_initialization_delay` | String | `10m` | The delay before starting region failure detection.<br/>This delay helps prevent Metasrv from triggering unnecessary region failovers before all Datanodes are fully started.<br/>Especially useful when the cluster is not deployed with GreptimeDB Operator and maintenance mode is not enabled. |
+| `allow_region_failover_on_local_wal` | Bool | `false` | Whether to allow region failover on local WAL.<br/>**This option is not recommended to be set to true, because it may lead to data loss during failover.** |
 | `node_max_idle_time` | String | `24hours` | Max allowed idle time before removing node info from metasrv memory. |
 | `enable_telemetry` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable greptimedb telemetry. Enabled by default. |
 | `runtime` | -- | -- | The runtime options. |
 | `runtime.global_rt_size` | Integer | `8` | The number of threads to execute the runtime for global read operations. |
 | `runtime.compact_rt_size` | Integer | `4` | The number of threads to execute the runtime for global write operations. |
+| `backend_tls` | -- | -- | TLS configuration for kv store backend (applicable for etcd, PostgreSQL, and MySQL backends)<br/>When using etcd, PostgreSQL, or MySQL as metadata store, you can configure TLS here |
+| `backend_tls.mode` | String | `prefer` | TLS mode, refer to https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-ssl.html<br/>- "disable" - No TLS<br/>- "prefer" (default) - Try TLS, fallback to plain<br/>- "require" - Require TLS<br/>- "verify_ca" - Require TLS and verify CA<br/>- "verify_full" - Require TLS and verify hostname |
+| `backend_tls.cert_path` | String | `""` | Path to client certificate file (for client authentication)<br/>Like "/path/to/client.crt" |
+| `backend_tls.key_path` | String | `""` | Path to client private key file (for client authentication)<br/>Like "/path/to/client.key" |
+| `backend_tls.ca_cert_path` | String | `""` | Path to CA certificate file (for server certificate verification)<br/>Required when using custom CAs or self-signed certificates<br/>Leave empty to use system root certificates only<br/>Like "/path/to/ca.crt" |
+| `backend_tls.watch` | Bool | `false` | Watch for certificate file changes and auto reload |
+| `grpc` | -- | -- | The gRPC server options. |
+| `grpc.bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
+| `grpc.server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | The communication server address for the frontend and datanode to connect to metasrv.<br/>If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface<br/>on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `bind_addr`. |
+| `grpc.runtime_size` | Integer | `8` | The number of server worker threads. |
+| `grpc.max_recv_message_size` | String | `512MB` | The maximum receive message size for gRPC server. |
+| `grpc.max_send_message_size` | String | `512MB` | The maximum send message size for gRPC server. |
+| `http` | -- | -- | The HTTP server options. |
+| `http.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4000` | The address to bind the HTTP server. |
+| `http.timeout` | String | `0s` | HTTP request timeout. Set to 0 to disable timeout. |
+| `http.body_limit` | String | `64MB` | HTTP request body limit.<br/>The following units are supported: `B`, `KB`, `KiB`, `MB`, `MiB`, `GB`, `GiB`, `TB`, `TiB`, `PB`, `PiB`.<br/>Set to 0 to disable limit. |
 | `procedure` | -- | -- | Procedure storage options. |
 | `procedure.max_retry_times` | Integer | `12` | Procedure max retry time. |
 | `procedure.retry_delay` | String | `500ms` | Initial retry delay of procedures, increases exponentially |
 | `procedure.max_metadata_value_size` | String | `1500KiB` | Auto split large value<br/>GreptimeDB procedure uses etcd as the default metadata storage backend.<br/>The etcd the maximum size of any request is 1.5 MiB<br/>1500KiB = 1536KiB (1.5MiB) - 36KiB (reserved size of key)<br/>Comments out the `max_metadata_value_size`, for don't split large value (no limit). |
+| `procedure.max_running_procedures` | Integer | `128` | Max running procedures.<br/>The maximum number of procedures that can be running at the same time.<br/>If the number of running procedures exceeds this limit, the procedure will be rejected. |
 | `failure_detector` | -- | -- | -- |
 | `failure_detector.threshold` | Float | `8.0` | The threshold value used by the failure detector to determine failure conditions. |
 | `failure_detector.min_std_deviation` | String | `100ms` | The minimum standard deviation of the heartbeat intervals, used to calculate acceptable variations. |
@@ -340,48 +389,50 @@
 | `datanode.client.tcp_nodelay` | Bool | `true` | `TCP_NODELAY` option for accepted connections. |
 | `wal` | -- | -- | -- |
 | `wal.provider` | String | `raft_engine` | -- |
-| `wal.broker_endpoints` | Array | -- | The broker endpoints of the Kafka cluster. |
+| `wal.broker_endpoints` | Array | -- | The broker endpoints of the Kafka cluster.<br/><br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
-| `wal.auto_create_topics` | Bool | `true` | Automatically create topics for WAL.<br/>Set to `true` to automatically create topics for WAL.<br/>Otherwise, use topics named `topic_name_prefix_[0..num_topics)` |
+| `wal.auto_create_topics` | Bool | `true` | Automatically create topics for WAL.<br/>Set to `true` to automatically create topics for WAL.<br/>Otherwise, use topics named `topic_name_prefix_[0..num_topics)`<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
-| `wal.num_topics` | Integer | `64` | Number of topics. |
+| `wal.auto_prune_interval` | String | `30m` | Interval of automatically WAL pruning.<br/>Set to `0s` to disable automatically WAL pruning which delete unused remote WAL entries periodically.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
-| `wal.selector_type` | String | `round_robin` | Topic selector type.<br/>Available selector types:<br/>- `round_robin` (default) |
+| `wal.flush_trigger_size` | String | `512MB` | Estimated size threshold to trigger a flush when using Kafka remote WAL.<br/>Since multiple regions may share a Kafka topic, the estimated size is calculated as:<br/>  (latest_entry_id - flushed_entry_id) * avg_record_size<br/>MetaSrv triggers a flush for a region when this estimated size exceeds `flush_trigger_size`.<br/>- `latest_entry_id`: The latest entry ID in the topic.<br/>- `flushed_entry_id`: The last flushed entry ID for the region.<br/>Set to "0" to let the system decide the flush trigger size.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
-| `wal.topic_name_prefix` | String | `greptimedb_wal_topic` | A Kafka topic is constructed by concatenating `topic_name_prefix` and `topic_id`.<br/>Only accepts strings that match the following regular expression pattern:<br/>[a-zA-Z_:-][a-zA-Z0-9_:\-\.@#]*<br/>i.g., greptimedb_wal_topic_0, greptimedb_wal_topic_1. |
+| `wal.checkpoint_trigger_size` | String | `128MB` | Estimated size threshold to trigger a checkpoint when using Kafka remote WAL.<br/>The estimated size is calculated as:<br/>  (latest_entry_id - last_checkpoint_entry_id) * avg_record_size<br/>MetaSrv triggers a checkpoint for a region when this estimated size exceeds `checkpoint_trigger_size`.<br/>Set to "0" to let the system decide the checkpoint trigger size.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
-| `wal.replication_factor` | Integer | `1` | Expected number of replicas of each partition. |
+| `wal.auto_prune_parallelism` | Integer | `10` | Concurrent task limit for automatically WAL pruning.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
-| `wal.create_topic_timeout` | String | `30s` | Above which a topic creation operation will be cancelled. |
+| `wal.num_topics` | Integer | `64` | Number of topics used for remote WAL.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
-| `wal.backoff_init` | String | `500ms` | The initial backoff for kafka clients. |
+| `wal.selector_type` | String | `round_robin` | Topic selector type.<br/>Available selector types:<br/>- `round_robin` (default)<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
-| `wal.backoff_max` | String | `10s` | The maximum backoff for kafka clients. |
+| `wal.topic_name_prefix` | String | `greptimedb_wal_topic` | A Kafka topic is constructed by concatenating `topic_name_prefix` and `topic_id`.<br/>Only accepts strings that match the following regular expression pattern:<br/>[a-zA-Z_:-][a-zA-Z0-9_:\-\.@#]*<br/>i.g., greptimedb_wal_topic_0, greptimedb_wal_topic_1.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
-| `wal.backoff_base` | Integer | `2` | Exponential backoff rate, i.e. next backoff = base * current backoff. |
+| `wal.replication_factor` | Integer | `1` | Expected number of replicas of each partition.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
-| `wal.backoff_deadline` | String | `5mins` | Stop reconnecting if the total wait time reaches the deadline. If this config is missing, the reconnecting won't terminate. |
+| `wal.create_topic_timeout` | String | `30s` | The timeout for creating a Kafka topic.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
+| `event_recorder` | -- | -- | Configuration options for the event recorder. |
+| `event_recorder.ttl` | String | `90d` | TTL for the events table that will be used to store the events. Default is `90d`. |
+| `stats_persistence` | -- | -- | Configuration options for the stats persistence. |
+| `stats_persistence.ttl` | String | `0s` | TTL for the stats table that will be used to store the stats.<br/>Set to `0s` to disable stats persistence.<br/>Default is `0s`.<br/>If you want to enable stats persistence, set the TTL to a value greater than 0.<br/>It is recommended to set a small value, e.g., `3h`. |
+| `stats_persistence.interval` | String | `10m` | The interval to persist the stats. Default is `10m`.<br/>The minimum value is `10m`, if the value is less than `10m`, it will be overridden to `10m`. |
 | `logging` | -- | -- | The logging options. |
-| `logging.dir` | String | `/tmp/greptimedb/logs` | The directory to store the log files. If set to empty, logs will not be written to files. |
+| `logging.dir` | String | `./greptimedb_data/logs` | The directory to store the log files. If set to empty, logs will not be written to files. |
 | `logging.level` | String | Unset | The log level. Can be `info`/`debug`/`warn`/`error`. |
 | `logging.enable_otlp_tracing` | Bool | `false` | Enable OTLP tracing. |
-| `logging.otlp_endpoint` | String | `http://localhost:4317` | The OTLP tracing endpoint. |
+| `logging.otlp_endpoint` | String | `http://localhost:4318/v1/traces` | The OTLP tracing endpoint. |
 | `logging.append_stdout` | Bool | `true` | Whether to append logs to stdout. |
 | `logging.log_format` | String | `text` | The log format. Can be `text`/`json`. |
 | `logging.max_log_files` | Integer | `720` | The maximum amount of log files. |
-| `logging.tracing_sample_ratio` | -- | -- | The percentage of tracing will be sampled and exported.<br/>Valid range `[0, 1]`, 1 means all traces are sampled, 0 means all traces are not sampled, the default value is 1.<br/>ratio > 1 are treated as 1. Fractions < 0 are treated as 0 |
+| `logging.otlp_export_protocol` | String | `http` | The OTLP tracing export protocol. Can be `grpc`/`http`. |
+| `logging.otlp_headers` | -- | -- | Additional OTLP headers, only valid when using OTLP http |
+| `logging.tracing_sample_ratio` | -- | Unset | The percentage of tracing will be sampled and exported.<br/>Valid range `[0, 1]`, 1 means all traces are sampled, 0 means all traces are not sampled, the default value is 1.<br/>ratio > 1 are treated as 1. Fractions < 0 are treated as 0 |
 | `logging.tracing_sample_ratio.default_ratio` | Float | `1.0` | -- |
-| `logging.slow_query` | -- | -- | The slow query log options. |
+| `export_metrics` | -- | -- | The metasrv can export its metrics and send to Prometheus compatible service (e.g. `greptimedb` itself) from remote-write API.<br/>This is only used for `greptimedb` to export its own metrics internally. It's different from prometheus scrape. |
-| `logging.slow_query.enable` | Bool | `false` | Whether to enable slow query log. |
-| `logging.slow_query.threshold` | String | Unset | The threshold of slow query. |
-| `logging.slow_query.sample_ratio` | Float | Unset | The sampling ratio of slow query log. The value should be in the range of (0, 1]. |
-| `export_metrics` | -- | -- | The datanode can export its metrics and send to Prometheus compatible service (e.g. send to `greptimedb` itself) from remote-write API.<br/>This is only used for `greptimedb` to export its own metrics internally. It's different from prometheus scrape. |
 | `export_metrics.enable` | Bool | `false` | whether enable export metrics. |
 | `export_metrics.write_interval` | String | `30s` | The interval of export metrics. |
-| `export_metrics.self_import` | -- | -- | For `standalone` mode, `self_import` is recommend to collect metrics generated by itself<br/>You must create the database before enabling it. |
-| `export_metrics.self_import.db` | String | Unset | -- |
 | `export_metrics.remote_write` | -- | -- | -- |
-| `export_metrics.remote_write.url` | String | `""` | The url the metrics send to. The url example can be: `http://127.0.0.1:4000/v1/prometheus/write?db=greptime_metrics`. |
+| `export_metrics.remote_write.url` | String | `""` | The prometheus remote write endpoint that the metrics send to. The url example can be: `http://127.0.0.1:4000/v1/prometheus/write?db=greptime_metrics`. |
 | `export_metrics.remote_write.headers` | InlineTable | -- | HTTP headers of Prometheus remote-write carry. |
 | `tracing` | -- | -- | The tracing options. Only effect when compiled with `tokio-console` feature. |
 | `tracing.tokio_console_addr` | String | Unset | The tokio console address. |
+| `memory` | -- | -- | The memory options. |
+| `memory.enable_heap_profiling` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable heap profiling activation during startup.<br/>When enabled, heap profiling will be activated if the `MALLOC_CONF` environment variable<br/>is set to "prof:true,prof_active:false". The official image adds this env variable.<br/>Default is true. |
 
 
 ### Datanode
 
 | Key | Type | Default | Descriptions |
 | --- | -----| ------- | ----------- |
-| `mode` | String | `standalone` | The running mode of the datanode. It can be `standalone` or `distributed`. |
 | `node_id` | Integer | Unset | The datanode identifier and should be unique in the cluster. |
 | `require_lease_before_startup` | Bool | `false` | Start services after regions have obtained leases.<br/>It will block the datanode start if it can't receive leases in the heartbeat from metasrv. |
 | `init_regions_in_background` | Bool | `false` | Initialize all regions in the background during the startup.<br/>By default, it provides services after all regions have been initialized. |
@@ -390,7 +441,7 @@
 | `enable_telemetry` | Bool | `true` | Enable telemetry to collect anonymous usage data. Enabled by default. |
 | `http` | -- | -- | The HTTP server options. |
 | `http.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4000` | The address to bind the HTTP server. |
-| `http.timeout` | String | `30s` | HTTP request timeout. Set to 0 to disable timeout. |
+| `http.timeout` | String | `0s` | HTTP request timeout. Set to 0 to disable timeout. |
 | `http.body_limit` | String | `64MB` | HTTP request body limit.<br/>The following units are supported: `B`, `KB`, `KiB`, `MB`, `MiB`, `GB`, `GiB`, `TB`, `TiB`, `PB`, `PiB`.<br/>Set to 0 to disable limit. |
 | `grpc` | -- | -- | The gRPC server options. |
 | `grpc.bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3001` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
@@ -398,6 +449,7 @@
 | `grpc.runtime_size` | Integer | `8` | The number of server worker threads. |
 | `grpc.max_recv_message_size` | String | `512MB` | The maximum receive message size for gRPC server. |
 | `grpc.max_send_message_size` | String | `512MB` | The maximum send message size for gRPC server. |
+| `grpc.flight_compression` | String | `arrow_ipc` | Compression mode for datanode side Arrow IPC service. Available options:<br/>- `none`: disable all compression<br/>- `transport`: only enable gRPC transport compression (zstd)<br/>- `arrow_ipc`: only enable Arrow IPC compression (lz4)<br/>- `all`: enable all compression.<br/>Default to `none` |
 | `grpc.tls` | -- | -- | gRPC server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section. |
 | `grpc.tls.mode` | String | `disable` | TLS mode. |
 | `grpc.tls.cert_path` | String | Unset | Certificate file path. |
@@ -423,8 +475,8 @@
 | `wal.provider` | String | `raft_engine` | The provider of the WAL.<br/>- `raft_engine`: the wal is stored in the local file system by raft-engine.<br/>- `kafka`: it's remote wal that data is stored in Kafka. |
 | `wal.dir` | String | Unset | The directory to store the WAL files.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
 | `wal.file_size` | String | `128MB` | The size of the WAL segment file.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
-| `wal.purge_threshold` | String | `1GB` | The threshold of the WAL size to trigger a flush.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
+| `wal.purge_threshold` | String | `1GB` | The threshold of the WAL size to trigger a purge.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
-| `wal.purge_interval` | String | `1m` | The interval to trigger a flush.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
+| `wal.purge_interval` | String | `1m` | The interval to trigger a purge.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
 | `wal.read_batch_size` | Integer | `128` | The read batch size.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
 | `wal.sync_write` | Bool | `false` | Whether to use sync write.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
 | `wal.enable_log_recycle` | Bool | `true` | Whether to reuse logically truncated log files.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**. |
@@ -434,17 +486,16 @@
 | `wal.broker_endpoints` | Array | -- | The Kafka broker endpoints.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
 | `wal.max_batch_bytes` | String | `1MB` | The max size of a single producer batch.<br/>Warning: Kafka has a default limit of 1MB per message in a topic.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
 | `wal.consumer_wait_timeout` | String | `100ms` | The consumer wait timeout.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
-| `wal.backoff_init` | String | `500ms` | The initial backoff delay.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
-| `wal.backoff_max` | String | `10s` | The maximum backoff delay.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
-| `wal.backoff_base` | Integer | `2` | The exponential backoff rate, i.e. next backoff = base * current backoff.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
-| `wal.backoff_deadline` | String | `5mins` | The deadline of retries.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
 | `wal.create_index` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable WAL index creation.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
 | `wal.dump_index_interval` | String | `60s` | The interval for dumping WAL indexes.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |
 | `wal.overwrite_entry_start_id` | Bool | `false` | Ignore missing entries during read WAL.<br/>**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.<br/><br/>This option ensures that when Kafka messages are deleted, the system<br/>can still successfully replay memtable data without throwing an<br/>out-of-range error.<br/>However, enabling this option might lead to unexpected data loss,<br/>as the system will skip over missing entries instead of treating<br/>them as critical errors. |
+| `query` | -- | -- | The query engine options. |
+| `query.parallelism` | Integer | `0` | Parallelism of the query engine.<br/>Default to 0, which means the number of CPU cores. |
 | `storage` | -- | -- | The data storage options. |
-| `storage.data_home` | String | `/tmp/greptimedb/` | The working home directory. |
+| `storage.data_home` | String | `./greptimedb_data` | The working home directory. |
 | `storage.type` | String | `File` | The storage type used to store the data.<br/>- `File`: the data is stored in the local file system.<br/>- `S3`: the data is stored in the S3 object storage.<br/>- `Gcs`: the data is stored in the Google Cloud Storage.<br/>- `Azblob`: the data is stored in the Azure Blob Storage.<br/>- `Oss`: the data is stored in the Aliyun OSS. |
 | `storage.cache_path` | String | Unset | Read cache configuration for object storage such as 'S3' etc, it's configured by default when using object storage. It is recommended to configure it when using object storage for better performance.<br/>A local file directory, defaults to `{data_home}`. An empty string means disabling. |
+| `storage.enable_read_cache` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable read cache. If not set, the read cache will be enabled by default. |
 | `storage.cache_capacity` | String | Unset | The local file cache capacity in bytes. If your disk space is sufficient, it is recommended to set it larger. |
 | `storage.bucket` | String | Unset | The S3 bucket name.<br/>**It's only used when the storage type is `S3`, `Oss` and `Gcs`**. |
 | `storage.root` | String | Unset | The S3 data will be stored in the specified prefix, for example, `s3://${bucket}/${root}`.<br/>**It's only used when the storage type is `S3`, `Oss` and `Azblob`**. |
@@ -465,12 +516,15 @@
 | `storage.http_client.connect_timeout` | String | `30s` | The timeout for only the connect phase of a http client. |
 | `storage.http_client.timeout` | String | `30s` | The total request timeout, applied from when the request starts connecting until the response body has finished.<br/>Also considered a total deadline. |
 | `storage.http_client.pool_idle_timeout` | String | `90s` | The timeout for idle sockets being kept-alive. |
+| `storage.http_client.skip_ssl_validation` | Bool | `false` | To skip the ssl verification<br/>**Security Notice**: Setting `skip_ssl_validation = true` disables certificate verification, making connections vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks. Only use this in development or trusted private networks. |
 | `[[region_engine]]` | -- | -- | The region engine options. You can configure multiple region engines. |
 | `region_engine.mito` | -- | -- | The Mito engine options. |
 | `region_engine.mito.num_workers` | Integer | `8` | Number of region workers. |
 | `region_engine.mito.worker_channel_size` | Integer | `128` | Request channel size of each worker. |
 | `region_engine.mito.worker_request_batch_size` | Integer | `64` | Max batch size for a worker to handle requests. |
 | `region_engine.mito.manifest_checkpoint_distance` | Integer | `10` | Number of meta action updated to trigger a new checkpoint for the manifest. |
+| `region_engine.mito.experimental_manifest_keep_removed_file_count` | Integer | `256` | Number of removed files to keep in manifest's `removed_files` field before also<br/>remove them from `removed_files`. Mostly for debugging purpose.<br/>If set to 0, it will only use `keep_removed_file_ttl` to decide when to remove files<br/>from `removed_files` field. |
+| `region_engine.mito.experimental_manifest_keep_removed_file_ttl` | String | `1h` | How long to keep removed files in the `removed_files` field of manifest<br/>after they are removed from manifest.<br/>files will only be removed from `removed_files` field<br/>if both `keep_removed_file_count` and `keep_removed_file_ttl` is reached. |
 | `region_engine.mito.compress_manifest` | Bool | `false` | Whether to compress manifest and checkpoint file by gzip (default false). |
 | `region_engine.mito.max_background_flushes` | Integer | Auto | Max number of running background flush jobs (default: 1/2 of cpu cores). |
 | `region_engine.mito.max_background_compactions` | Integer | Auto | Max number of running background compaction jobs (default: 1/4 of cpu cores). |
@@ -488,6 +542,7 @@
 | `region_engine.mito.write_cache_ttl` | String | Unset | TTL for write cache. |
 | `region_engine.mito.sst_write_buffer_size` | String | `8MB` | Buffer size for SST writing. |
 | `region_engine.mito.parallel_scan_channel_size` | Integer | `32` | Capacity of the channel to send data from parallel scan tasks to the main task. |
+| `region_engine.mito.max_concurrent_scan_files` | Integer | `384` | Maximum number of SST files to scan concurrently. |
 | `region_engine.mito.allow_stale_entries` | Bool | `false` | Whether to allow stale WAL entries read during replay. |
 | `region_engine.mito.min_compaction_interval` | String | `0m` | Minimum time interval between two compactions.<br/>To align with the old behavior, the default value is 0 (no restrictions). |
 | `region_engine.mito.index` | -- | -- | The options for index in Mito engine. |
@@ -497,6 +552,7 @@
 | `region_engine.mito.index.metadata_cache_size` | String | `64MiB` | Cache size for inverted index metadata. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.content_cache_size` | String | `128MiB` | Cache size for inverted index content. |
 | `region_engine.mito.index.content_cache_page_size` | String | `64KiB` | Page size for inverted index content cache. |
+| `region_engine.mito.index.result_cache_size` | String | `128MiB` | Cache size for index result. |
 | `region_engine.mito.inverted_index` | -- | -- | The options for inverted index in Mito engine. |
 | `region_engine.mito.inverted_index.create_on_flush` | String | `auto` | Whether to create the index on flush.<br/>- `auto`: automatically (default)<br/>- `disable`: never |
 | `region_engine.mito.inverted_index.create_on_compaction` | String | `auto` | Whether to create the index on compaction.<br/>- `auto`: automatically (default)<br/>- `disable`: never |
@@ -522,39 +578,52 @@
 | `region_engine.metric` | -- | -- | Metric engine options. |
 | `region_engine.metric.experimental_sparse_primary_key_encoding` | Bool | `false` | Whether to enable the experimental sparse primary key encoding. |
 | `logging` | -- | -- | The logging options. |
-| `logging.dir` | String | `/tmp/greptimedb/logs` | The directory to store the log files. If set to empty, logs will not be written to files. |
+| `logging.dir` | String | `./greptimedb_data/logs` | The directory to store the log files. If set to empty, logs will not be written to files. |
 | `logging.level` | String | Unset | The log level. Can be `info`/`debug`/`warn`/`error`. |
 | `logging.enable_otlp_tracing` | Bool | `false` | Enable OTLP tracing. |
-| `logging.otlp_endpoint` | String | `http://localhost:4317` | The OTLP tracing endpoint. |
+| `logging.otlp_endpoint` | String | `http://localhost:4318/v1/traces` | The OTLP tracing endpoint. |
 | `logging.append_stdout` | Bool | `true` | Whether to append logs to stdout. |
 | `logging.log_format` | String | `text` | The log format. Can be `text`/`json`. |
 | `logging.max_log_files` | Integer | `720` | The maximum amount of log files. |
-| `logging.tracing_sample_ratio` | -- | -- | The percentage of tracing will be sampled and exported.<br/>Valid range `[0, 1]`, 1 means all traces are sampled, 0 means all traces are not sampled, the default value is 1.<br/>ratio > 1 are treated as 1. Fractions < 0 are treated as 0 |
+| `logging.otlp_export_protocol` | String | `http` | The OTLP tracing export protocol. Can be `grpc`/`http`. |
+| `logging.otlp_headers` | -- | -- | Additional OTLP headers, only valid when using OTLP http |
+| `logging.tracing_sample_ratio` | -- | Unset | The percentage of tracing will be sampled and exported.<br/>Valid range `[0, 1]`, 1 means all traces are sampled, 0 means all traces are not sampled, the default value is 1.<br/>ratio > 1 are treated as 1. Fractions < 0 are treated as 0 |
 | `logging.tracing_sample_ratio.default_ratio` | Float | `1.0` | -- |
-| `logging.slow_query` | -- | -- | The slow query log options. |
+| `export_metrics` | -- | -- | The datanode can export its metrics and send to Prometheus compatible service (e.g. `greptimedb` itself) from remote-write API.<br/>This is only used for `greptimedb` to export its own metrics internally. It's different from prometheus scrape. |
-| `logging.slow_query.enable` | Bool | `false` | Whether to enable slow query log. |
-| `logging.slow_query.threshold` | String | Unset | The threshold of slow query. |
-| `logging.slow_query.sample_ratio` | Float | Unset | The sampling ratio of slow query log. The value should be in the range of (0, 1]. |
-| `export_metrics` | -- | -- | The datanode can export its metrics and send to Prometheus compatible service (e.g. send to `greptimedb` itself) from remote-write API.<br/>This is only used for `greptimedb` to export its own metrics internally. It's different from prometheus scrape. |
 | `export_metrics.enable` | Bool | `false` | whether enable export metrics. |
 | `export_metrics.write_interval` | String | `30s` | The interval of export metrics. |
-| `export_metrics.self_import` | -- | -- | For `standalone` mode, `self_import` is recommend to collect metrics generated by itself<br/>You must create the database before enabling it. |
-| `export_metrics.self_import.db` | String | Unset | -- |
 | `export_metrics.remote_write` | -- | -- | -- |
-| `export_metrics.remote_write.url` | String | `""` | The url the metrics send to. The url example can be: `http://127.0.0.1:4000/v1/prometheus/write?db=greptime_metrics`. |
+| `export_metrics.remote_write.url` | String | `""` | The prometheus remote write endpoint that the metrics send to. The url example can be: `http://127.0.0.1:4000/v1/prometheus/write?db=greptime_metrics`. |
 | `export_metrics.remote_write.headers` | InlineTable | -- | HTTP headers of Prometheus remote-write carry. |
 | `tracing` | -- | -- | The tracing options. Only effect when compiled with `tokio-console` feature. |
 | `tracing.tokio_console_addr` | String | Unset | The tokio console address. |
+| `memory` | -- | -- | The memory options. |
+| `memory.enable_heap_profiling` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable heap profiling activation during startup.<br/>When enabled, heap profiling will be activated if the `MALLOC_CONF` environment variable<br/>is set to "prof:true,prof_active:false". The official image adds this env variable.<br/>Default is true. |
 
 
 ### Flownode
 
 | Key | Type | Default | Descriptions |
 | --- | -----| ------- | ----------- |
-| `mode` | String | `distributed` | The running mode of the flownode. It can be `standalone` or `distributed`. |
 | `node_id` | Integer | Unset | The flownode identifier and should be unique in the cluster. |
 | `flow` | -- | -- | flow engine options. |
 | `flow.num_workers` | Integer | `0` | The number of flow worker in flownode.<br/>Not setting(or set to 0) this value will use the number of CPU cores divided by 2. |
+| `flow.batching_mode` | -- | -- | -- |
+| `flow.batching_mode.query_timeout` | String | `600s` | The default batching engine query timeout is 10 minutes. |
+| `flow.batching_mode.slow_query_threshold` | String | `60s` | will output a warn log for any query that runs for more that this threshold |
+| `flow.batching_mode.experimental_min_refresh_duration` | String | `5s` | The minimum duration between two queries execution by batching mode task |
+| `flow.batching_mode.grpc_conn_timeout` | String | `5s` | The gRPC connection timeout |
+| `flow.batching_mode.experimental_grpc_max_retries` | Integer | `3` | The gRPC max retry number |
+| `flow.batching_mode.experimental_frontend_scan_timeout` | String | `30s` | Flow wait for available frontend timeout,<br/>if failed to find available frontend after frontend_scan_timeout elapsed, return error<br/>which prevent flownode from starting |
+| `flow.batching_mode.experimental_frontend_activity_timeout` | String | `60s` | Frontend activity timeout<br/>if frontend is down(not sending heartbeat) for more than frontend_activity_timeout,<br/>it will be removed from the list that flownode use to connect |
+| `flow.batching_mode.experimental_max_filter_num_per_query` | Integer | `20` | Maximum number of filters allowed in a single query |
+| `flow.batching_mode.experimental_time_window_merge_threshold` | Integer | `3` | Time window merge distance |
+| `flow.batching_mode.read_preference` | String | `Leader` | Read preference of the Frontend client. |
+| `flow.batching_mode.frontend_tls` | -- | -- | -- |
+| `flow.batching_mode.frontend_tls.enabled` | Bool | `false` | Whether to enable TLS for client. |
+| `flow.batching_mode.frontend_tls.server_ca_cert_path` | String | Unset | Server Certificate file path. |
+| `flow.batching_mode.frontend_tls.client_cert_path` | String | Unset | Client Certificate file path. |
+| `flow.batching_mode.frontend_tls.client_key_path` | String | Unset | Client Private key file path. |
 | `grpc` | -- | -- | The gRPC server options. |
 | `grpc.bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:6800` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |
 | `grpc.server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:6800` | The address advertised to the metasrv,<br/>and used for connections from outside the host |
@@ -563,7 +632,7 @@
 | `grpc.max_send_message_size` | String | `512MB` | The maximum send message size for gRPC server. |
 | `http` | -- | -- | The HTTP server options. |
 | `http.addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:4000` | The address to bind the HTTP server. |
-| `http.timeout` | String | `30s` | HTTP request timeout. Set to 0 to disable timeout. |
+| `http.timeout` | String | `0s` | HTTP request timeout. Set to 0 to disable timeout. |
 | `http.body_limit` | String | `64MB` | HTTP request body limit.<br/>The following units are supported: `B`, `KB`, `KiB`, `MB`, `MiB`, `GB`, `GiB`, `TB`, `TiB`, `PB`, `PiB`.<br/>Set to 0 to disable limit. |
 | `meta_client` | -- | -- | The metasrv client options. |
 | `meta_client.metasrv_addrs` | Array | -- | The addresses of the metasrv. |
@@ -579,18 +648,20 @@
 | `heartbeat.interval` | String | `3s` | Interval for sending heartbeat messages to the metasrv. |
 | `heartbeat.retry_interval` | String | `3s` | Interval for retrying to send heartbeat messages to the metasrv. |
 | `logging` | -- | -- | The logging options. |
-| `logging.dir` | String | `/tmp/greptimedb/logs` | The directory to store the log files. If set to empty, logs will not be written to files. |
+| `logging.dir` | String | `./greptimedb_data/logs` | The directory to store the log files. If set to empty, logs will not be written to files. |
 | `logging.level` | String | Unset | The log level. Can be `info`/`debug`/`warn`/`error`. |
 | `logging.enable_otlp_tracing` | Bool | `false` | Enable OTLP tracing. |
-| `logging.otlp_endpoint` | String | `http://localhost:4317` | The OTLP tracing endpoint. |
+| `logging.otlp_endpoint` | String | `http://localhost:4318/v1/traces` | The OTLP tracing endpoint. |
 | `logging.append_stdout` | Bool | `true` | Whether to append logs to stdout. |
 | `logging.log_format` | String | `text` | The log format. Can be `text`/`json`. |
 | `logging.max_log_files` | Integer | `720` | The maximum amount of log files. |
-| `logging.tracing_sample_ratio` | -- | -- | The percentage of tracing will be sampled and exported.<br/>Valid range `[0, 1]`, 1 means all traces are sampled, 0 means all traces are not sampled, the default value is 1.<br/>ratio > 1 are treated as 1. Fractions < 0 are treated as 0 |
+| `logging.otlp_export_protocol` | String | `http` | The OTLP tracing export protocol. Can be `grpc`/`http`. |
+| `logging.otlp_headers` | -- | -- | Additional OTLP headers, only valid when using OTLP http |
+| `logging.tracing_sample_ratio` | -- | Unset | The percentage of tracing will be sampled and exported.<br/>Valid range `[0, 1]`, 1 means all traces are sampled, 0 means all traces are not sampled, the default value is 1.<br/>ratio > 1 are treated as 1. Fractions < 0 are treated as 0 |
 | `logging.tracing_sample_ratio.default_ratio` | Float | `1.0` | -- |
-| `logging.slow_query` | -- | -- | The slow query log options. |
-| `logging.slow_query.enable` | Bool | `false` | Whether to enable slow query log. |
-| `logging.slow_query.threshold` | String | Unset | The threshold of slow query. |
-| `logging.slow_query.sample_ratio` | Float | Unset | The sampling ratio of slow query log. The value should be in the range of (0, 1]. |
 | `tracing` | -- | -- | The tracing options. Only effect when compiled with `tokio-console` feature. |
 | `tracing.tokio_console_addr` | String | Unset | The tokio console address. |
+| `query` | -- | -- | -- |
+| `query.parallelism` | Integer | `1` | Parallelism of the query engine for query sent by flownode.<br/>Default to 1, so it won't use too much cpu or memory |
+| `memory` | -- | -- | The memory options. |
+| `memory.enable_heap_profiling` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable heap profiling activation during startup.<br/>When enabled, heap profiling will be activated if the `MALLOC_CONF` environment variable<br/>is set to "prof:true,prof_active:false". The official image adds this env variable.<br/>Default is true. |

config/datanode.example.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-## The running mode of the datanode. It can be `standalone` or `distributed`.
-mode = "standalone"
-
 ## The datanode identifier and should be unique in the cluster.
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
 node_id = 42
@@ -27,7 +24,7 @@ max_concurrent_queries = 0
 ## The address to bind the HTTP server.
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4000"
 ## HTTP request timeout. Set to 0 to disable timeout.
-timeout = "30s"
+timeout = "0s"
 ## HTTP request body limit.
 ## The following units are supported: `B`, `KB`, `KiB`, `MB`, `MiB`, `GB`, `GiB`, `TB`, `TiB`, `PB`, `PiB`.
 ## Set to 0 to disable limit.
@@ -47,6 +44,13 @@ runtime_size = 8
 max_recv_message_size = "512MB"
 ## The maximum send message size for gRPC server.
 max_send_message_size = "512MB"
+## Compression mode for datanode side Arrow IPC service. Available options:
+## - `none`: disable all compression
+## - `transport`: only enable gRPC transport compression (zstd)
+## - `arrow_ipc`: only enable Arrow IPC compression (lz4)
+## - `all`: enable all compression.
+## Default to `none`
+flight_compression = "arrow_ipc"
 
 ## gRPC server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section.
 [grpc.tls]
@@ -119,17 +123,17 @@ provider = "raft_engine"
 ## The directory to store the WAL files.
 ## **It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**.
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
-dir = "/tmp/greptimedb/wal"
+dir = "./greptimedb_data/wal"
 
 ## The size of the WAL segment file.
 ## **It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**.
 file_size = "128MB"
 
-## The threshold of the WAL size to trigger a flush.
+## The threshold of the WAL size to trigger a purge.
 ## **It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**.
 purge_threshold = "1GB"
 
-## The interval to trigger a flush.
+## The interval to trigger a purge.
 ## **It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**.
 purge_interval = "1m"
 
@@ -169,22 +173,6 @@ max_batch_bytes = "1MB"
 ## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
 consumer_wait_timeout = "100ms"
 
-## The initial backoff delay.
-## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
-backoff_init = "500ms"
-
-## The maximum backoff delay.
-## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
-backoff_max = "10s"
-
-## The exponential backoff rate, i.e. next backoff = base * current backoff.
-## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
-backoff_base = 2
-
-## The deadline of retries.
-## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
-backoff_deadline = "5mins"
-
 ## Whether to enable WAL index creation.
 ## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
 create_index = true
@@ -262,10 +250,16 @@ overwrite_entry_start_id = false
 # credential = "base64-credential"
 # endpoint = "https://storage.googleapis.com"
 
+## The query engine options.
+[query]
+## Parallelism of the query engine.
+## Default to 0, which means the number of CPU cores.
+parallelism = 0
+
 ## The data storage options.
 [storage]
 ## The working home directory.
-data_home = "/tmp/greptimedb/"
+data_home = "./greptimedb_data"
 
 ## The storage type used to store the data.
 ## - `File`: the data is stored in the local file system.
@@ -280,6 +274,9 @@ type = "File"
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
 #+ cache_path = ""
 
+## Whether to enable read cache. If not set, the read cache will be enabled by default.
+enable_read_cache = true
+
 ## The local file cache capacity in bytes. If your disk space is sufficient, it is recommended to set it larger.
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
 cache_capacity = "5GiB"
@@ -373,6 +370,10 @@ timeout = "30s"
 ## The timeout for idle sockets being kept-alive.
 pool_idle_timeout = "90s"
 
+## To skip the ssl verification
+## **Security Notice**: Setting `skip_ssl_validation = true` disables certificate verification, making connections vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks. Only use this in development or trusted private networks.
+skip_ssl_validation = false
+
 # Custom storage options
 # [[storage.providers]]
 # name = "S3"
@@ -411,6 +412,19 @@ worker_request_batch_size = 64
 ## Number of meta action updated to trigger a new checkpoint for the manifest.
 manifest_checkpoint_distance = 10
 
+
+## Number of removed files to keep in manifest's `removed_files` field before also
+## remove them from `removed_files`. Mostly for debugging purpose.
+## If set to 0, it will only use `keep_removed_file_ttl` to decide when to remove files
+## from `removed_files` field.
+experimental_manifest_keep_removed_file_count = 256
+
+## How long to keep removed files in the `removed_files` field of manifest
+## after they are removed from manifest.
+## files will only be removed from `removed_files` field
+## if both `keep_removed_file_count` and `keep_removed_file_ttl` is reached.
+experimental_manifest_keep_removed_file_ttl = "1h"
+
 ## Whether to compress manifest and checkpoint file by gzip (default false).
 compress_manifest = false
 
@@ -476,6 +490,9 @@ sst_write_buffer_size = "8MB"
 ## Capacity of the channel to send data from parallel scan tasks to the main task.
 parallel_scan_channel_size = 32
 
+## Maximum number of SST files to scan concurrently.
+max_concurrent_scan_files = 384
+
 ## Whether to allow stale WAL entries read during replay.
 allow_stale_entries = false
 
@@ -512,6 +529,9 @@ content_cache_size = "128MiB"
 ## Page size for inverted index content cache.
 content_cache_page_size = "64KiB"
 
+## Cache size for index result.
+result_cache_size = "128MiB"
+
 ## The options for inverted index in Mito engine.
 [region_engine.mito.inverted_index]
 
@@ -618,7 +638,7 @@ experimental_sparse_primary_key_encoding = false
 ## The logging options.
 [logging]
 ## The directory to store the log files. If set to empty, logs will not be written to files.
-dir = "/tmp/greptimedb/logs"
+dir = "./greptimedb_data/logs"
 
 ## The log level. Can be `info`/`debug`/`warn`/`error`.
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
@@ -628,7 +648,7 @@ level = "info"
 enable_otlp_tracing = false
 
 ## The OTLP tracing endpoint.
-otlp_endpoint = "http://localhost:4317"
+otlp_endpoint = "http://localhost:4318/v1/traces"
 
 ## Whether to append logs to stdout.
 append_stdout = true
@@ -639,43 +659,32 @@ log_format = "text"
 ## The maximum amount of log files.
 max_log_files = 720
 
+## The OTLP tracing export protocol. Can be `grpc`/`http`.
+otlp_export_protocol = "http"
+
+## Additional OTLP headers, only valid when using OTLP http
+[logging.otlp_headers]
+## @toml2docs:none-default
+#Authorization = "Bearer my-token"
+## @toml2docs:none-default
+#Database = "My database"
+
 ## The percentage of tracing will be sampled and exported.
 ## Valid range `[0, 1]`, 1 means all traces are sampled, 0 means all traces are not sampled, the default value is 1.
 ## ratio > 1 are treated as 1. Fractions < 0 are treated as 0
 [logging.tracing_sample_ratio]
 default_ratio = 1.0
 
-## The slow query log options.
+## The datanode can export its metrics and send to Prometheus compatible service (e.g. `greptimedb` itself) from remote-write API.
-[logging.slow_query]
-## Whether to enable slow query log.
-enable = false
-
-## The threshold of slow query.
-## @toml2docs:none-default
-threshold = "10s"
-
-## The sampling ratio of slow query log. The value should be in the range of (0, 1].
-## @toml2docs:none-default
-sample_ratio = 1.0
-
-## The datanode can export its metrics and send to Prometheus compatible service (e.g. send to `greptimedb` itself) from remote-write API.
 ## This is only used for `greptimedb` to export its own metrics internally. It's different from prometheus scrape.
 [export_metrics]
-
 ## whether enable export metrics.
 enable = false
-
 ## The interval of export metrics.
 write_interval = "30s"
 
-## For `standalone` mode, `self_import` is recommend to collect metrics generated by itself
-## You must create the database before enabling it.
-[export_metrics.self_import]
-## @toml2docs:none-default
-db = "greptime_metrics"
-
 [export_metrics.remote_write]
-## The url the metrics send to. The url example can be: `http://127.0.0.1:4000/v1/prometheus/write?db=greptime_metrics`.
+## The prometheus remote write endpoint that the metrics send to. The url example can be: `http://127.0.0.1:4000/v1/prometheus/write?db=greptime_metrics`.
 url = ""
 
 ## HTTP headers of Prometheus remote-write carry.
@@ -686,3 +695,11 @@ headers = { }
 ## The tokio console address.
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
 #+ tokio_console_addr = "127.0.0.1"
+
+## The memory options.
+[memory]
+## Whether to enable heap profiling activation during startup.
+## When enabled, heap profiling will be activated if the `MALLOC_CONF` environment variable
+## is set to "prof:true,prof_active:false". The official image adds this env variable.
+## Default is true.
+enable_heap_profiling = true

config/flownode.example.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-## The running mode of the flownode. It can be `standalone` or `distributed`.
-mode = "distributed"
-
 ## The flownode identifier and should be unique in the cluster.
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
 node_id = 14
@@ -10,6 +7,43 @@ node_id = 14
 ## The number of flow worker in flownode.
 ## Not setting(or set to 0) this value will use the number of CPU cores divided by 2.
 #+num_workers=0
+[flow.batching_mode]
+## The default batching engine query timeout is 10 minutes.
+#+query_timeout="600s"
+## will output a warn log for any query that runs for more that this threshold
+#+slow_query_threshold="60s"
+## The minimum duration between two queries execution by batching mode task
+#+experimental_min_refresh_duration="5s"
+## The gRPC connection timeout
+#+grpc_conn_timeout="5s"
+## The gRPC max retry number
+#+experimental_grpc_max_retries=3
+## Flow wait for available frontend timeout,
+## if failed to find available frontend after frontend_scan_timeout elapsed, return error
+## which prevent flownode from starting
+#+experimental_frontend_scan_timeout="30s"
+## Frontend activity timeout
+## if frontend is down(not sending heartbeat) for more than frontend_activity_timeout,
+## it will be removed from the list that flownode use to connect
+#+experimental_frontend_activity_timeout="60s"
+## Maximum number of filters allowed in a single query
+#+experimental_max_filter_num_per_query=20
+## Time window merge distance
+#+experimental_time_window_merge_threshold=3
+## Read preference of the Frontend client.
+#+read_preference="Leader"
+[flow.batching_mode.frontend_tls]
+## Whether to enable TLS for client.
+#+enabled=false
+## Server Certificate file path.
+## @toml2docs:none-default
+#+server_ca_cert_path=""
+## Client Certificate file path.
+## @toml2docs:none-default
+#+client_cert_path=""
+## Client Private key file path.
+## @toml2docs:none-default
+#+client_key_path=""
 
 ## The gRPC server options.
 [grpc]
@@ -30,7 +64,7 @@ max_send_message_size = "512MB"
 ## The address to bind the HTTP server.
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4000"
 ## HTTP request timeout. Set to 0 to disable timeout.
-timeout = "30s"
+timeout = "0s"
 ## HTTP request body limit.
 ## The following units are supported: `B`, `KB`, `KiB`, `MB`, `MiB`, `GB`, `GiB`, `TB`, `TiB`, `PB`, `PiB`.
 ## Set to 0 to disable limit.
@@ -76,7 +110,7 @@ retry_interval = "3s"
 ## The logging options.
 [logging]
 ## The directory to store the log files. If set to empty, logs will not be written to files.
-dir = "/tmp/greptimedb/logs"
+dir = "./greptimedb_data/logs"
 
 ## The log level. Can be `info`/`debug`/`warn`/`error`.
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
@@ -86,7 +120,7 @@ level = "info"
 enable_otlp_tracing = false
 
 ## The OTLP tracing endpoint.
-otlp_endpoint = "http://localhost:4317"
+otlp_endpoint = "http://localhost:4318/v1/traces"
 
 ## Whether to append logs to stdout.
 append_stdout = true
@@ -97,28 +131,37 @@ log_format = "text"
 ## The maximum amount of log files.
 max_log_files = 720
 
+## The OTLP tracing export protocol. Can be `grpc`/`http`.
+otlp_export_protocol = "http"
+
+## Additional OTLP headers, only valid when using OTLP http
+[logging.otlp_headers]
+## @toml2docs:none-default
+#Authorization = "Bearer my-token"
+## @toml2docs:none-default
+#Database = "My database"
+
 ## The percentage of tracing will be sampled and exported.
 ## Valid range `[0, 1]`, 1 means all traces are sampled, 0 means all traces are not sampled, the default value is 1.
 ## ratio > 1 are treated as 1. Fractions < 0 are treated as 0
 [logging.tracing_sample_ratio]
 default_ratio = 1.0
 
-## The slow query log options.
-[logging.slow_query]
-## Whether to enable slow query log.
-enable = false
-
-## The threshold of slow query.
-## @toml2docs:none-default
-threshold = "10s"
-
-## The sampling ratio of slow query log. The value should be in the range of (0, 1].
-## @toml2docs:none-default
-sample_ratio = 1.0
-
 ## The tracing options. Only effect when compiled with `tokio-console` feature.
 #+ [tracing]
 ## The tokio console address.
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
 #+ tokio_console_addr = "127.0.0.1"
 
+[query]
+## Parallelism of the query engine for query sent by flownode.
+## Default to 1, so it won't use too much cpu or memory
+parallelism = 1
+
+## The memory options.
+[memory]
+## Whether to enable heap profiling activation during startup.
+## When enabled, heap profiling will be activated if the `MALLOC_CONF` environment variable
+## is set to "prof:true,prof_active:false". The official image adds this env variable.
+## Default is true.
+enable_heap_profiling = true

config/frontend.example.toml

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ retry_interval = "3s"
 ## The address to bind the HTTP server.
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4000"
 ## HTTP request timeout. Set to 0 to disable timeout.
-timeout = "30s"
+timeout = "0s"
 ## HTTP request body limit.
 ## The following units are supported: `B`, `KB`, `KiB`, `MB`, `MiB`, `GB`, `GiB`, `TB`, `TiB`, `PB`, `PiB`.
 ## Set to 0 to disable limit.
@@ -37,6 +37,12 @@ enable_cors = true
 ## Customize allowed origins for HTTP CORS.
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
 cors_allowed_origins = ["https://example.com"]
+## Whether to enable validation for Prometheus remote write requests.
+## Available options:
+## - strict: deny invalid UTF-8 strings (default).
+## - lossy: allow invalid UTF-8 strings, replace invalid characters with REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER(U+FFFD).
+## - unchecked: do not valid strings.
+prom_validation_mode = "strict"
 
 ## The gRPC server options.
 [grpc]
@@ -48,6 +54,13 @@ bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
 server_addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
 ## The number of server worker threads.
 runtime_size = 8
+## Compression mode for frontend side Arrow IPC service. Available options:
+## - `none`: disable all compression
+## - `transport`: only enable gRPC transport compression (zstd)
+## - `arrow_ipc`: only enable Arrow IPC compression (lz4)
+## - `all`: enable all compression.
+## Default to `none`
+flight_compression = "arrow_ipc"
 
 ## gRPC server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section.
 [grpc.tls]
@@ -66,6 +79,42 @@ key_path = ""
 ## For now, gRPC tls config does not support auto reload.
 watch = false
 
+## The internal gRPC server options. Internal gRPC port for nodes inside cluster to access frontend.
+[internal_grpc]
+## The address to bind the gRPC server.
+bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:4010"
+## The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host.
+## If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
+## on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `grpc.bind_addr`.
+server_addr = "127.0.0.1:4010"
+## The number of server worker threads.
+runtime_size = 8
+## Compression mode for frontend side Arrow IPC service. Available options:
+## - `none`: disable all compression
+## - `transport`: only enable gRPC transport compression (zstd)
+## - `arrow_ipc`: only enable Arrow IPC compression (lz4)
+## - `all`: enable all compression.
+## Default to `none`
+flight_compression = "arrow_ipc"
+
+## internal gRPC server TLS options, see `mysql.tls` section.
+[internal_grpc.tls]
+## TLS mode.
+mode = "disable"
+
+## Certificate file path.
+## @toml2docs:none-default
+cert_path = ""
+
+## Private key file path.
+## @toml2docs:none-default
+key_path = ""
+
+## Watch for Certificate and key file change and auto reload.
+## For now, gRPC tls config does not support auto reload.
+watch = false
+
+
 ## MySQL server options.
 [mysql]
 ## Whether to enable.
@@ -77,6 +126,8 @@ runtime_size = 2
 ## Server-side keep-alive time.
 ## Set to 0 (default) to disable.
 keep_alive = "0s"
+## Maximum entries in the MySQL prepared statement cache; default is 10,000.
+prepared_stmt_cache_size = 10000
 
 # MySQL server TLS options.
 [mysql.tls]
@@ -179,6 +230,15 @@ metadata_cache_ttl = "10m"
 # TTI of the metadata cache.
 metadata_cache_tti = "5m"
 
+## The query engine options.
+[query]
+## Parallelism of the query engine.
+## Default to 0, which means the number of CPU cores.
+parallelism = 0
+## Whether to allow query fallback when push down optimize fails.
+## Default to false, meaning when push down optimize failed, return error msg
+allow_query_fallback = false
+
 ## Datanode options.
 [datanode]
 ## Datanode client options.
@@ -189,7 +249,7 @@ tcp_nodelay = true
 ## The logging options.
 [logging]
 ## The directory to store the log files. If set to empty, logs will not be written to files.
-dir = "/tmp/greptimedb/logs"
+dir = "./greptimedb_data/logs"
 
 ## The log level. Can be `info`/`debug`/`warn`/`error`.
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
@@ -199,7 +259,7 @@ level = "info"
 enable_otlp_tracing = false
 
 ## The OTLP tracing endpoint.
-otlp_endpoint = "http://localhost:4317"
+otlp_endpoint = "http://localhost:4318/v1/traces"
 
 ## Whether to append logs to stdout.
 append_stdout = true
@@ -210,6 +270,16 @@ log_format = "text"
 ## The maximum amount of log files.
 max_log_files = 720
 
+## The OTLP tracing export protocol. Can be `grpc`/`http`.
+otlp_export_protocol = "http"
+
+## Additional OTLP headers, only valid when using OTLP http
+[logging.otlp_headers]
+## @toml2docs:none-default
+#Authorization = "Bearer my-token"
+## @toml2docs:none-default
+#Database = "My database"
+
 ## The percentage of tracing will be sampled and exported.
 ## Valid range `[0, 1]`, 1 means all traces are sampled, 0 means all traces are not sampled, the default value is 1.
 ## ratio > 1 are treated as 1. Fractions < 0 are treated as 0
@@ -217,36 +287,34 @@ max_log_files = 720
 default_ratio = 1.0
 
 ## The slow query log options.
-[logging.slow_query]
+[slow_query]
 ## Whether to enable slow query log.
-enable = false
+enable = true
 
-## The threshold of slow query.
+## The record type of slow queries. It can be `system_table` or `log`.
-## @toml2docs:none-default
+## If `system_table` is selected, the slow queries will be recorded in a system table `greptime_private.slow_queries`.
-threshold = "10s"
+## If `log` is selected, the slow queries will be logged in a log file `greptimedb-slow-queries.*`.
+record_type = "system_table"
 
-## The sampling ratio of slow query log. The value should be in the range of (0, 1].
+## The threshold of slow query. It can be human readable time string, for example: `10s`, `100ms`, `1s`.
-## @toml2docs:none-default
+threshold = "30s"
+
+## The sampling ratio of slow query log. The value should be in the range of (0, 1]. For example, `0.1` means 10% of the slow queries will be logged and `1.0` means all slow queries will be logged.
 sample_ratio = 1.0
 
-## The datanode can export its metrics and send to Prometheus compatible service (e.g. send to `greptimedb` itself) from remote-write API.
+## The TTL of the `slow_queries` system table. Default is `90d` when `record_type` is `system_table`.
+ttl = "90d"
+
+## The frontend can export its metrics and send to Prometheus compatible service (e.g. `greptimedb` itself) from remote-write API.
 ## This is only used for `greptimedb` to export its own metrics internally. It's different from prometheus scrape.
 [export_metrics]
-
 ## whether enable export metrics.
 enable = false
-
 ## The interval of export metrics.
 write_interval = "30s"
 
-## For `standalone` mode, `self_import` is recommend to collect metrics generated by itself
-## You must create the database before enabling it.
-[export_metrics.self_import]
-## @toml2docs:none-default
-db = "greptime_metrics"
-
 [export_metrics.remote_write]
-## The url the metrics send to. The url example can be: `http://127.0.0.1:4000/v1/prometheus/write?db=greptime_metrics`.
+## The prometheus remote write endpoint that the metrics send to. The url example can be: `http://127.0.0.1:4000/v1/prometheus/write?db=greptime_metrics`.
 url = ""
 
 ## HTTP headers of Prometheus remote-write carry.
@@ -257,3 +325,16 @@ headers = { }
 ## The tokio console address.
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
 #+ tokio_console_addr = "127.0.0.1"
+
+## The memory options.
+[memory]
+## Whether to enable heap profiling activation during startup.
+## When enabled, heap profiling will be activated if the `MALLOC_CONF` environment variable
+## is set to "prof:true,prof_active:false". The official image adds this env variable.
+## Default is true.
+enable_heap_profiling = true
+
+## Configuration options for the event recorder.
+[event_recorder]
+## TTL for the events table that will be used to store the events. Default is `90d`.
+ttl = "90d"

config/metasrv.example.toml

@@ -1,13 +1,5 @@
 ## The working home directory.
-data_home = "/tmp/metasrv/"
+data_home = "./greptimedb_data"
-
-## The bind address of metasrv.
-bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:3002"
-
-## The communication server address for the frontend and datanode to connect to metasrv.
-## If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
-## on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `bind_addr`.
-server_addr = "127.0.0.1:3002"
 
 ## Store server address default to etcd store.
 ## For postgres store, the format is:
@@ -24,12 +16,21 @@ store_key_prefix = ""
 ## - `etcd_store` (default value)
 ## - `memory_store`
 ## - `postgres_store`
+## - `mysql_store`
 backend = "etcd_store"
 
 ## Table name in RDS to store metadata. Effect when using a RDS kvbackend.
 ## **Only used when backend is `postgres_store`.**
 meta_table_name = "greptime_metakv"
 
+## Optional PostgreSQL schema for metadata table and election table name qualification.
+## When PostgreSQL public schema is not writable (e.g., PostgreSQL 15+ with restricted public),
+## set this to a writable schema. GreptimeDB will use `meta_schema_name`.`meta_table_name`.
+## GreptimeDB will NOT create the schema automatically; please ensure it exists or the user has permission.
+## **Only used when backend is `postgres_store`.**
+
+meta_schema_name = "greptime_schema"
+
 ## Advisory lock id in PostgreSQL for election. Effect when using PostgreSQL as kvbackend
 ## Only used when backend is `postgres_store`.
 meta_election_lock_id = 1
@@ -50,6 +51,15 @@ use_memory_store = false
 ## - Using shared storage (e.g., s3).
 enable_region_failover = false
 
+## The delay before starting region failure detection.
+## This delay helps prevent Metasrv from triggering unnecessary region failovers before all Datanodes are fully started.
+## Especially useful when the cluster is not deployed with GreptimeDB Operator and maintenance mode is not enabled.
+region_failure_detector_initialization_delay = '10m'
+
+## Whether to allow region failover on local WAL.
+## **This option is not recommended to be set to true, because it may lead to data loss during failover.**
+allow_region_failover_on_local_wal = false
+
 ## Max allowed idle time before removing node info from metasrv memory.
 node_max_idle_time = "24hours"
 
@@ -63,6 +73,60 @@ node_max_idle_time = "24hours"
 ## The number of threads to execute the runtime for global write operations.
 #+ compact_rt_size = 4
 
+## TLS configuration for kv store backend (applicable for etcd, PostgreSQL, and MySQL backends)
+## When using etcd, PostgreSQL, or MySQL as metadata store, you can configure TLS here
+[backend_tls]
+## TLS mode, refer to https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-ssl.html
+## - "disable" - No TLS
+## - "prefer" (default) - Try TLS, fallback to plain
+## - "require" - Require TLS
+## - "verify_ca" - Require TLS and verify CA
+## - "verify_full" - Require TLS and verify hostname
+mode = "prefer"
+
+## Path to client certificate file (for client authentication)
+## Like "/path/to/client.crt"
+cert_path = ""
+
+## Path to client private key file (for client authentication)
+## Like "/path/to/client.key"
+key_path = ""
+
+## Path to CA certificate file (for server certificate verification)
+## Required when using custom CAs or self-signed certificates
+## Leave empty to use system root certificates only
+## Like "/path/to/ca.crt"
+ca_cert_path = ""
+
+## Watch for certificate file changes and auto reload
+watch = false
+
+## The gRPC server options.
+[grpc]
+## The address to bind the gRPC server.
+bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:3002"
+## The communication server address for the frontend and datanode to connect to metasrv.
+## If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface
+## on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `bind_addr`.
+server_addr = "127.0.0.1:3002"
+## The number of server worker threads.
+runtime_size = 8
+## The maximum receive message size for gRPC server.
+max_recv_message_size = "512MB"
+## The maximum send message size for gRPC server.
+max_send_message_size = "512MB"
+
+## The HTTP server options.
+[http]
+## The address to bind the HTTP server.
+addr = "127.0.0.1:4000"
+## HTTP request timeout. Set to 0 to disable timeout.
+timeout = "0s"
+## HTTP request body limit.
+## The following units are supported: `B`, `KB`, `KiB`, `MB`, `MiB`, `GB`, `GiB`, `TB`, `TiB`, `PB`, `PiB`.
+## Set to 0 to disable limit.
+body_limit = "64MB"
+
 ## Procedure storage options.
 [procedure]
 
@@ -79,6 +143,11 @@ retry_delay = "500ms"
 ## Comments out the `max_metadata_value_size`, for don't split large value (no limit).
 max_metadata_value_size = "1500KiB"
 
+## Max running procedures.
+## The maximum number of procedures that can be running at the same time.
+## If the number of running procedures exceeds this limit, the procedure will be rejected.
+max_running_procedures = 128
+
 # Failure detectors options.
 [failure_detector]
 
@@ -115,46 +184,70 @@ tcp_nodelay = true
 # - `kafka`: metasrv **have to be** configured with kafka wal config when using kafka wal provider in datanode.
 provider = "raft_engine"
 
-# Kafka wal config.
-
 ## The broker endpoints of the Kafka cluster.
+##
+## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
 broker_endpoints = ["127.0.0.1:9092"]
 
 ## Automatically create topics for WAL.
 ## Set to `true` to automatically create topics for WAL.
 ## Otherwise, use topics named `topic_name_prefix_[0..num_topics)`
+## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
 auto_create_topics = true
 
-## Number of topics.
+## Interval of automatically WAL pruning.
+## Set to `0s` to disable automatically WAL pruning which delete unused remote WAL entries periodically.
+## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
+auto_prune_interval = "30m"
+
+
+## Estimated size threshold to trigger a flush when using Kafka remote WAL.
+## Since multiple regions may share a Kafka topic, the estimated size is calculated as:
+##   (latest_entry_id - flushed_entry_id) * avg_record_size
+## MetaSrv triggers a flush for a region when this estimated size exceeds `flush_trigger_size`.
+## - `latest_entry_id`: The latest entry ID in the topic.
+## - `flushed_entry_id`: The last flushed entry ID for the region.
+## Set to "0" to let the system decide the flush trigger size.
+## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
+flush_trigger_size = "512MB"
+
+## Estimated size threshold to trigger a checkpoint when using Kafka remote WAL.
+## The estimated size is calculated as:
+##   (latest_entry_id - last_checkpoint_entry_id) * avg_record_size
+## MetaSrv triggers a checkpoint for a region when this estimated size exceeds `checkpoint_trigger_size`.
+## Set to "0" to let the system decide the checkpoint trigger size.
+## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
+checkpoint_trigger_size = "128MB"
+
+## Concurrent task limit for automatically WAL pruning.
+## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
+auto_prune_parallelism = 10
+
+## Number of topics used for remote WAL.
+## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
 num_topics = 64
 
 ## Topic selector type.
 ## Available selector types:
 ## - `round_robin` (default)
+## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
 selector_type = "round_robin"
 
+
 ## A Kafka topic is constructed by concatenating `topic_name_prefix` and `topic_id`.
 ## Only accepts strings that match the following regular expression pattern:
 ## [a-zA-Z_:-][a-zA-Z0-9_:\-\.@#]*
 ## i.g., greptimedb_wal_topic_0, greptimedb_wal_topic_1.
+## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
 topic_name_prefix = "greptimedb_wal_topic"
 
 ## Expected number of replicas of each partition.
+## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
 replication_factor = 1
 
-## Above which a topic creation operation will be cancelled.
+## The timeout for creating a Kafka topic.
+## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
 create_topic_timeout = "30s"
-## The initial backoff for kafka clients.
-backoff_init = "500ms"
-
-## The maximum backoff for kafka clients.
-backoff_max = "10s"
-
-## Exponential backoff rate, i.e. next backoff = base * current backoff.
-backoff_base = 2
-
-## Stop reconnecting if the total wait time reaches the deadline. If this config is missing, the reconnecting won't terminate.
-backoff_deadline = "5mins"
 
 # The Kafka SASL configuration.
 # **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
@@ -174,10 +267,27 @@ backoff_deadline = "5mins"
 # client_cert_path = "/path/to/client_cert"
 # client_key_path = "/path/to/key"
 
+## Configuration options for the event recorder.
+[event_recorder]
+## TTL for the events table that will be used to store the events. Default is `90d`.
+ttl = "90d"
+
+## Configuration options for the stats persistence.
+[stats_persistence]
+## TTL for the stats table that will be used to store the stats.
+## Set to `0s` to disable stats persistence.
+## Default is `0s`.
+## If you want to enable stats persistence, set the TTL to a value greater than 0.
+## It is recommended to set a small value, e.g., `3h`.
+ttl = "0s"
+## The interval to persist the stats. Default is `10m`.
+## The minimum value is `10m`, if the value is less than `10m`, it will be overridden to `10m`.
+interval = "10m"
+
 ## The logging options.
 [logging]
 ## The directory to store the log files. If set to empty, logs will not be written to files.
-dir = "/tmp/greptimedb/logs"
+dir = "./greptimedb_data/logs"
 
 ## The log level. Can be `info`/`debug`/`warn`/`error`.
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
@@ -187,7 +297,7 @@ level = "info"
 enable_otlp_tracing = false
 
 ## The OTLP tracing endpoint.
-otlp_endpoint = "http://localhost:4317"
+otlp_endpoint = "http://localhost:4318/v1/traces"
 
 ## Whether to append logs to stdout.
 append_stdout = true
@@ -198,43 +308,33 @@ log_format = "text"
 ## The maximum amount of log files.
 max_log_files = 720
 
+## The OTLP tracing export protocol. Can be `grpc`/`http`.
+otlp_export_protocol = "http"
+
+## Additional OTLP headers, only valid when using OTLP http
+[logging.otlp_headers]
+## @toml2docs:none-default
+#Authorization = "Bearer my-token"
+## @toml2docs:none-default
+#Database = "My database"
+
+
 ## The percentage of tracing will be sampled and exported.
 ## Valid range `[0, 1]`, 1 means all traces are sampled, 0 means all traces are not sampled, the default value is 1.
 ## ratio > 1 are treated as 1. Fractions < 0 are treated as 0
 [logging.tracing_sample_ratio]
 default_ratio = 1.0
 
-## The slow query log options.
+## The metasrv can export its metrics and send to Prometheus compatible service (e.g. `greptimedb` itself) from remote-write API.
-[logging.slow_query]
-## Whether to enable slow query log.
-enable = false
-
-## The threshold of slow query.
-## @toml2docs:none-default
-threshold = "10s"
-
-## The sampling ratio of slow query log. The value should be in the range of (0, 1].
-## @toml2docs:none-default
-sample_ratio = 1.0
-
-## The datanode can export its metrics and send to Prometheus compatible service (e.g. send to `greptimedb` itself) from remote-write API.
 ## This is only used for `greptimedb` to export its own metrics internally. It's different from prometheus scrape.
 [export_metrics]
-
 ## whether enable export metrics.
 enable = false
-
 ## The interval of export metrics.
 write_interval = "30s"
 
-## For `standalone` mode, `self_import` is recommend to collect metrics generated by itself
-## You must create the database before enabling it.
-[export_metrics.self_import]
-## @toml2docs:none-default
-db = "greptime_metrics"
-
 [export_metrics.remote_write]
-## The url the metrics send to. The url example can be: `http://127.0.0.1:4000/v1/prometheus/write?db=greptime_metrics`.
+## The prometheus remote write endpoint that the metrics send to. The url example can be: `http://127.0.0.1:4000/v1/prometheus/write?db=greptime_metrics`.
 url = ""
 
 ## HTTP headers of Prometheus remote-write carry.
@@ -245,3 +345,11 @@ headers = { }
 ## The tokio console address.
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
 #+ tokio_console_addr = "127.0.0.1"
+
+## The memory options.
+[memory]
+## Whether to enable heap profiling activation during startup.
+## When enabled, heap profiling will be activated if the `MALLOC_CONF` environment variable
+## is set to "prof:true,prof_active:false". The official image adds this env variable.
+## Default is true.
+enable_heap_profiling = true

config/standalone.example.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-## The running mode of the datanode. It can be `standalone` or `distributed`.
-mode = "standalone"
-
 ## The default timezone of the server.
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
 default_timezone = "UTC"
@@ -34,7 +31,7 @@ max_concurrent_queries = 0
 ## The address to bind the HTTP server.
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4000"
 ## HTTP request timeout. Set to 0 to disable timeout.
-timeout = "30s"
+timeout = "0s"
 ## HTTP request body limit.
 ## The following units are supported: `B`, `KB`, `KiB`, `MB`, `MiB`, `GB`, `GiB`, `TB`, `TiB`, `PB`, `PiB`.
 ## Set to 0 to disable limit.
@@ -46,6 +43,13 @@ enable_cors = true
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
 cors_allowed_origins = ["https://example.com"]
 
+## Whether to enable validation for Prometheus remote write requests.
+## Available options:
+## - strict: deny invalid UTF-8 strings (default).
+## - lossy: allow invalid UTF-8 strings, replace invalid characters with REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER(U+FFFD).
+## - unchecked: do not valid strings.
+prom_validation_mode = "strict"
+
 ## The gRPC server options.
 [grpc]
 ## The address to bind the gRPC server.
@@ -81,7 +85,8 @@ runtime_size = 2
 ## Server-side keep-alive time.
 ## Set to 0 (default) to disable.
 keep_alive = "0s"
-
+## Maximum entries in the MySQL prepared statement cache; default is 10,000.
+prepared_stmt_cache_size= 10000
 # MySQL server TLS options.
 [mysql.tls]
 
@@ -164,7 +169,7 @@ provider = "raft_engine"
 ## The directory to store the WAL files.
 ## **It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**.
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
-dir = "/tmp/greptimedb/wal"
+dir = "./greptimedb_data/wal"
 
 ## The size of the WAL segment file.
 ## **It's only used when the provider is `raft_engine`**.
@@ -242,22 +247,6 @@ max_batch_bytes = "1MB"
 ## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
 consumer_wait_timeout = "100ms"
 
-## The initial backoff delay.
-## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
-backoff_init = "500ms"
-
-## The maximum backoff delay.
-## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
-backoff_max = "10s"
-
-## The exponential backoff rate, i.e. next backoff = base * current backoff.
-## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
-backoff_base = 2
-
-## The deadline of retries.
-## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
-backoff_deadline = "5mins"
-
 ## Ignore missing entries during read WAL.
 ## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.
 ##
@@ -302,6 +291,10 @@ purge_interval = "1m"
 max_retry_times = 3
 ## Initial retry delay of procedures, increases exponentially
 retry_delay = "500ms"
+## Max running procedures.
+## The maximum number of procedures that can be running at the same time.
+## If the number of running procedures exceeds this limit, the procedure will be rejected.
+max_running_procedures = 128
 
 ## flow engine options.
 [flow]
@@ -349,10 +342,16 @@ retry_delay = "500ms"
 # credential = "base64-credential"
 # endpoint = "https://storage.googleapis.com"
 
+## The query engine options.
+[query]
+## Parallelism of the query engine.
+## Default to 0, which means the number of CPU cores.
+parallelism = 0
+
 ## The data storage options.
 [storage]
 ## The working home directory.
-data_home = "/tmp/greptimedb/"
+data_home = "./greptimedb_data"
 
 ## The storage type used to store the data.
 ## - `File`: the data is stored in the local file system.
@@ -362,6 +361,9 @@ data_home = "/tmp/greptimedb/"
 ## - `Oss`: the data is stored in the Aliyun OSS.
 type = "File"
 
+## Whether to enable read cache. If not set, the read cache will be enabled by default.
+enable_read_cache = true
+
 ## Read cache configuration for object storage such as 'S3' etc, it's configured by default when using object storage. It is recommended to configure it when using object storage for better performance.
 ## A local file directory, defaults to `{data_home}`. An empty string means disabling.
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
@@ -460,6 +462,10 @@ timeout = "30s"
 ## The timeout for idle sockets being kept-alive.
 pool_idle_timeout = "90s"
 
+## To skip the ssl verification
+## **Security Notice**: Setting `skip_ssl_validation = true` disables certificate verification, making connections vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks. Only use this in development or trusted private networks.
+skip_ssl_validation = false
+
 # Custom storage options
 # [[storage.providers]]
 # name = "S3"
@@ -563,6 +569,9 @@ sst_write_buffer_size = "8MB"
 ## Capacity of the channel to send data from parallel scan tasks to the main task.
 parallel_scan_channel_size = 32
 
+## Maximum number of SST files to scan concurrently.
+max_concurrent_scan_files = 384
+
 ## Whether to allow stale WAL entries read during replay.
 allow_stale_entries = false
 
@@ -599,6 +608,9 @@ content_cache_size = "128MiB"
 ## Page size for inverted index content cache.
 content_cache_page_size = "64KiB"
 
+## Cache size for index result.
+result_cache_size = "128MiB"
+
 ## The options for inverted index in Mito engine.
 [region_engine.mito.inverted_index]
 
@@ -705,7 +717,7 @@ experimental_sparse_primary_key_encoding = false
 ## The logging options.
 [logging]
 ## The directory to store the log files. If set to empty, logs will not be written to files.
-dir = "/tmp/greptimedb/logs"
+dir = "./greptimedb_data/logs"
 
 ## The log level. Can be `info`/`debug`/`warn`/`error`.
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
@@ -715,7 +727,7 @@ level = "info"
 enable_otlp_tracing = false
 
 ## The OTLP tracing endpoint.
-otlp_endpoint = "http://localhost:4317"
+otlp_endpoint = "http://localhost:4318/v1/traces"
 
 ## Whether to append logs to stdout.
 append_stdout = true
@@ -726,6 +738,16 @@ log_format = "text"
 ## The maximum amount of log files.
 max_log_files = 720
 
+## The OTLP tracing export protocol. Can be `grpc`/`http`.
+otlp_export_protocol = "http"
+
+## Additional OTLP headers, only valid when using OTLP http
+[logging.otlp_headers]
+## @toml2docs:none-default
+#Authorization = "Bearer my-token"
+## @toml2docs:none-default
+#Database = "My database"
+
 ## The percentage of tracing will be sampled and exported.
 ## Valid range `[0, 1]`, 1 means all traces are sampled, 0 means all traces are not sampled, the default value is 1.
 ## ratio > 1 are treated as 1. Fractions < 0 are treated as 0
@@ -733,25 +755,27 @@ max_log_files = 720
 default_ratio = 1.0
 
 ## The slow query log options.
-[logging.slow_query]
+[slow_query]
 ## Whether to enable slow query log.
-enable = false
+#+ enable = false
+
+## The record type of slow queries. It can be `system_table` or `log`.
+## @toml2docs:none-default
+#+ record_type = "system_table"
 
 ## The threshold of slow query.
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
-threshold = "10s"
+#+ threshold = "10s"
 
 ## The sampling ratio of slow query log. The value should be in the range of (0, 1].
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
-sample_ratio = 1.0
+#+ sample_ratio = 1.0
 
-## The datanode can export its metrics and send to Prometheus compatible service (e.g. send to `greptimedb` itself) from remote-write API.
+## The standalone can export its metrics and send to Prometheus compatible service (e.g. `greptimedb`) from remote-write API.
 ## This is only used for `greptimedb` to export its own metrics internally. It's different from prometheus scrape.
 [export_metrics]
-
 ## whether enable export metrics.
 enable = false
-
 ## The interval of export metrics.
 write_interval = "30s"
 
@@ -762,7 +786,7 @@ write_interval = "30s"
 db = "greptime_metrics"
 
 [export_metrics.remote_write]
-## The url the metrics send to. The url example can be: `http://127.0.0.1:4000/v1/prometheus/write?db=greptime_metrics`.
+## The prometheus remote write endpoint that the metrics send to. The url example can be: `http://127.0.0.1:4000/v1/prometheus/write?db=greptime_metrics`.
 url = ""
 
 ## HTTP headers of Prometheus remote-write carry.
@@ -773,3 +797,11 @@ headers = { }
 ## The tokio console address.
 ## @toml2docs:none-default
 #+ tokio_console_addr = "127.0.0.1"
+
+## The memory options.
+[memory]
+## Whether to enable heap profiling activation during startup.
+## When enabled, heap profiling will be activated if the `MALLOC_CONF` environment variable
+## is set to "prof:true,prof_active:false". The official image adds this env variable.
+## Default is true.
+enable_heap_profiling = true

cyborg/bin/bump-doc-version.ts

@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-import * as core from "@actions/core";
-import {obtainClient} from "@/common";
-
-async function triggerWorkflow(workflowId: string, version: string) {
-  const docsClient = obtainClient("DOCS_REPO_TOKEN")
-  try {
-    await docsClient.rest.actions.createWorkflowDispatch({
-      owner: "GreptimeTeam",
-      repo: "docs",
-      workflow_id: workflowId,
-      ref: "main",
-      inputs: {
-        version,
-      },
-    });
-    console.log(`Successfully triggered ${workflowId} workflow with version ${version}`);
-  } catch (error) {
-    core.setFailed(`Failed to trigger workflow: ${error.message}`);
-  }
-}
-
-function determineWorkflow(version: string): [string, string] {
-  // Check if it's a nightly version
-  if (version.includes('nightly')) {
-    return ['bump-nightly-version.yml', version];
-  }
-
-  const parts = version.split('.');
-
-  if (parts.length !== 3) {
-    throw new Error('Invalid version format');
-  }
-
-  // If patch version (last number) is 0, it's a major version
-  // Return only major.minor version
-  if (parts[2] === '0') {
-    return ['bump-version.yml', `${parts[0]}.${parts[1]}`];
-  }
-
-  // Otherwise it's a patch version, use full version
-  return ['bump-patch-version.yml', version];
-}
-
-const version = process.env.VERSION;
-if (!version) {
-  core.setFailed("VERSION environment variable is required");
-  process.exit(1);
-}
-
-// Remove 'v' prefix if exists
-const cleanVersion = version.startsWith('v') ? version.slice(1) : version;
-
-try {
-  const [workflowId, apiVersion] = determineWorkflow(cleanVersion);
-  triggerWorkflow(workflowId, apiVersion);
-} catch (error) {
-  core.setFailed(`Error processing version: ${error.message}`);
-  process.exit(1);
-}

cyborg/bin/bump-versions.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import * as core from "@actions/core";
+import {obtainClient} from "@/common";
+
+interface RepoConfig {
+  tokenEnv: string;
+  repo: string;
+  workflowLogic: (version: string) => [string, string] | null;
+}
+
+const REPO_CONFIGS: Record<string, RepoConfig> = {
+  website: {
+    tokenEnv: "WEBSITE_REPO_TOKEN",
+    repo: "website",
+    workflowLogic: (version: string) => {
+      // Skip nightly versions for website
+      if (version.includes('nightly')) {
+        console.log('Nightly version detected for website, skipping workflow trigger.');
+        return null;
+      }
+      return ['bump-patch-version.yml', version];
+    }
+  },
+  demo: {
+    tokenEnv: "DEMO_REPO_TOKEN",
+    repo: "demo-scene",
+    workflowLogic: (version: string) => {
+      // Skip nightly versions for demo
+      if (version.includes('nightly')) {
+        console.log('Nightly version detected for demo, skipping workflow trigger.');
+        return null;
+      }
+      return ['bump-patch-version.yml', version];
+    }
+  },
+  docs: {
+    tokenEnv: "DOCS_REPO_TOKEN",
+    repo: "docs",
+    workflowLogic: (version: string) => {
+      // Check if it's a nightly version
+      if (version.includes('nightly')) {
+        return ['bump-nightly-version.yml', version];
+      }
+
+      const parts = version.split('.');
+      if (parts.length !== 3) {
+        throw new Error('Invalid version format');
+      }
+
+      // If patch version (last number) is 0, it's a major version
+      // Return only major.minor version
+      if (parts[2] === '0') {
+        return ['bump-version.yml', `${parts[0]}.${parts[1]}`];
+      }
+
+      // Otherwise it's a patch version, use full version
+      return ['bump-patch-version.yml', version];
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+async function triggerWorkflow(repoConfig: RepoConfig, workflowId: string, version: string) {
+  const client = obtainClient(repoConfig.tokenEnv);
+  try {
+    await client.rest.actions.createWorkflowDispatch({
+      owner: "GreptimeTeam",
+      repo: repoConfig.repo,
+      workflow_id: workflowId,
+      ref: "main",
+      inputs: {
+        version,
+      },
+    });
+    console.log(`Successfully triggered ${workflowId} workflow for ${repoConfig.repo} with version ${version}`);
+  } catch (error) {
+    core.setFailed(`Failed to trigger workflow for ${repoConfig.repo}: ${error.message}`);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+async function processRepo(repoName: string, version: string) {
+  const repoConfig = REPO_CONFIGS[repoName];
+  if (!repoConfig) {
+    throw new Error(`Unknown repository: ${repoName}`);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const workflowResult = repoConfig.workflowLogic(version);
+    if (workflowResult === null) {
+      // Skip this repo (e.g., nightly version for website)
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const [workflowId, apiVersion] = workflowResult;
+    await triggerWorkflow(repoConfig, workflowId, apiVersion);
+  } catch (error) {
+    core.setFailed(`Error processing ${repoName} with version ${version}: ${error.message}`);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+async function main() {
+  const version = process.env.VERSION;
+  if (!version) {
+    core.setFailed("VERSION environment variable is required");
+    process.exit(1);
+  }
+
+  // Remove 'v' prefix if exists
+  const cleanVersion = version.startsWith('v') ? version.slice(1) : version;
+
+  // Get target repositories from environment variable
+  // Default to both if not specified
+  const targetRepos = process.env.TARGET_REPOS?.split(',').map(repo => repo.trim()) || ['website', 'docs'];
+
+  console.log(`Processing version ${cleanVersion} for repositories: ${targetRepos.join(', ')}`);
+
+  const errors: string[] = [];
+
+  // Process each repository
+  for (const repo of targetRepos) {
+    try {
+      await processRepo(repo, cleanVersion);
+    } catch (error) {
+      errors.push(`${repo}: ${error.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (errors.length > 0) {
+    core.setFailed(`Failed to process some repositories: ${errors.join('; ')}`);
+    process.exit(1);
+  }
+
+  console.log('All repositories processed successfully');
+}
+
+// Execute main function
+main().catch((error) => {
+  core.setFailed(`Unexpected error: ${error.message}`);
+  process.exit(1);
+});

cyborg/bin/follow-up-docs-issue.ts

@@ -55,12 +55,25 @@ async function main() {
         await client.rest.issues.addLabels({
             owner, repo, issue_number: number, labels: [labelDocsRequired],
         })
+
+        // Get available assignees for the docs repo
+        const assigneesResponse = await docsClient.rest.issues.listAssignees({
+            owner: 'GreptimeTeam',
+            repo: 'docs',
+        })
+        const validAssignees = assigneesResponse.data.map(assignee => assignee.login)
+        core.info(`Available assignees: ${validAssignees.join(', ')}`)
+
+        // Check if the actor is a valid assignee, otherwise fallback to fengjiachun
+        const assignee = validAssignees.includes(actor) ? actor : 'fengjiachun'
+        core.info(`Assigning issue to: ${assignee}`)
+
         await docsClient.rest.issues.create({
             owner: 'GreptimeTeam',
             repo: 'docs',
             title: `Update docs for ${title}`,
             body: `A document change request is generated from ${html_url}`,
-            assignee: actor,
+            assignee: assignee,
         }).then((res) => {
             core.info(`Created issue ${res.data}`)
         })

docker/buildx/centos/Dockerfile

@@ -47,4 +47,6 @@ WORKDIR /greptime
 COPY --from=builder /out/target/${OUTPUT_DIR}/greptime /greptime/bin/
 ENV PATH /greptime/bin/:$PATH
 
+ENV MALLOC_CONF="prof:true,prof_active:false"
+
 ENTRYPOINT ["greptime"]

docker/buildx/ubuntu/Dockerfile

@@ -47,4 +47,6 @@ WORKDIR /greptime
 COPY --from=builder /out/target/${OUTPUT_DIR}/greptime /greptime/bin/
 ENV PATH /greptime/bin/:$PATH
 
+ENV MALLOC_CONF="prof:true,prof_active:false"
+
 ENTRYPOINT ["greptime"]

docker/ci/centos/Dockerfile

@@ -15,4 +15,6 @@ ADD $TARGETARCH/greptime /greptime/bin/
 
 ENV PATH /greptime/bin/:$PATH
 
+ENV MALLOC_CONF="prof:true,prof_active:false"
+
 ENTRYPOINT ["greptime"]

docker/ci/ubuntu/Dockerfile

@@ -18,4 +18,6 @@ ENV PATH /greptime/bin/:$PATH
 
 ENV TARGET_BIN=$TARGET_BIN
 
+ENV MALLOC_CONF="prof:true,prof_active:false"
+
 ENTRYPOINT ["sh", "-c", "exec $TARGET_BIN \"$@\"", "--"]

docker/dev-builder/android/Dockerfile

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
     git \
     unzip \
     build-essential \
-    pkg-config
+    pkg-config \
+    openssh-client
 
 # Install protoc
 ARG PROTOBUF_VERSION=29.3

docker/docker-compose/cluster-with-etcd.yaml

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ services:
       - --initial-cluster-state=new
       - *etcd_initial_cluster_token
     volumes:
-      - /tmp/greptimedb-cluster-docker-compose/etcd0:/var/lib/etcd
+      - ./greptimedb-cluster-docker-compose/etcd0:/var/lib/etcd
     healthcheck:
       test: [ "CMD", "etcdctl", "--endpoints=http://etcd0:2379", "endpoint", "health" ]
       interval: 5s
@@ -34,6 +34,48 @@ services:
     networks:
       - greptimedb
 
+  etcd-tls:
+    <<: *etcd_common_settings
+    container_name: etcd-tls
+    ports:
+      - 2378:2378
+      - 2381:2381
+    command:
+      - --name=etcd-tls
+      - --data-dir=/var/lib/etcd
+      - --initial-advertise-peer-urls=https://etcd-tls:2381
+      - --listen-peer-urls=https://0.0.0.0:2381
+      - --listen-client-urls=https://0.0.0.0:2378
+      - --advertise-client-urls=https://etcd-tls:2378
+      - --heartbeat-interval=250
+      - --election-timeout=1250
+      - --initial-cluster=etcd-tls=https://etcd-tls:2381
+      - --initial-cluster-state=new
+      - --initial-cluster-token=etcd-tls-cluster
+      - --cert-file=/certs/server.crt
+      - --key-file=/certs/server-key.pem
+      - --peer-cert-file=/certs/server.crt
+      - --peer-key-file=/certs/server-key.pem
+      - --trusted-ca-file=/certs/ca.crt
+      - --peer-trusted-ca-file=/certs/ca.crt
+      - --client-cert-auth
+      - --peer-client-cert-auth
+    volumes:
+      - ./greptimedb-cluster-docker-compose/etcd-tls:/var/lib/etcd
+      - ./greptimedb-cluster-docker-compose/certs:/certs:ro
+    environment:
+      - ETCDCTL_API=3
+      - ETCDCTL_CACERT=/certs/ca.crt
+      - ETCDCTL_CERT=/certs/server.crt
+      - ETCDCTL_KEY=/certs/server-key.pem
+    healthcheck:
+      test: [ "CMD", "etcdctl", "--endpoints=https://etcd-tls:2378", "--cacert=/certs/ca.crt", "--cert=/certs/server.crt", "--key=/certs/server-key.pem", "endpoint", "health" ]
+      interval: 10s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 5
+    networks:
+      - greptimedb
+
   metasrv:
     image: *greptimedb_image
     container_name: metasrv
@@ -68,12 +110,13 @@ services:
       - datanode
       - start
       - --node-id=0
+      - --data-home=/greptimedb_data
       - --rpc-bind-addr=0.0.0.0:3001
       - --rpc-server-addr=datanode0:3001
       - --metasrv-addrs=metasrv:3002
       - --http-addr=0.0.0.0:5000
     volumes:
-      - /tmp/greptimedb-cluster-docker-compose/datanode0:/tmp/greptimedb
+      - ./greptimedb-cluster-docker-compose/datanode0:/greptimedb_data
     healthcheck:
       test: [ "CMD", "curl", "-fv", "http://datanode0:5000/health" ]
       interval: 5s

docs/benchmarks/log/README.md

@@ -48,4 +48,4 @@ Please refer to [SQL query](./query.sql) for GreptimeDB and Clickhouse, and [que
 
 ## Addition
 - You can tune GreptimeDB's configuration to get better performance.
-- You can setup GreptimeDB to use S3 as storage, see [here](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/deployments/configuration#storage-options).
+- You can setup GreptimeDB to use S3 as storage, see [here](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration#storage-options).

docs/how-to/how-to-change-log-level-on-the-fly.md

@@ -11,6 +11,6 @@ And database will reply with something like:
 Log Level changed from Some("info") to "trace,flow=debug"%
 ```
 
-The data is a string in the format of `global_level,module1=level1,module2=level2,...` that follow the same rule of `RUST_LOG`. 
+The data is a string in the format of `global_level,module1=level1,module2=level2,...` that follows the same rule of `RUST_LOG`. 
 
 The module is the module name of the log, and the level is the log level. The log level can be one of the following: `trace`, `debug`, `info`, `warn`, `error`, `off`(case insensitive).

docs/how-to/how-to-implement-sql-statement.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ impl SqlQueryHandler for Instance {
 ```
 
 Normally, when a SQL query arrives at GreptimeDB, the `do_query` method will be called. After some parsing work, the SQL
-will be feed into `StatementExecutor`:
+will be fed into `StatementExecutor`:
 
 ```rust
 // in Frontend Instance:
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ an example.
 
 Now, what if the statements should be handled differently for GreptimeDB Standalone and Cluster? You can see there's
 a `SqlStatementExecutor` field in `StatementExecutor`. Each GreptimeDB Standalone and Cluster has its own implementation
-of `SqlStatementExecutor`. If you are going to implement the statements differently in the two mode (
+of `SqlStatementExecutor`. If you are going to implement the statements differently in the two modes (
 like `CREATE TABLE`), you have to implement them in their own `SqlStatementExecutor`s.
 
 Summarize as the diagram below:

docs/how-to/how-to-profile-memory.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Profile memory usage of GreptimeDB
 
-This crate provides an easy approach to dump memory profiling info.
+This crate provides an easy approach to dump memory profiling info. A set of ready to use scripts is provided in [docs/how-to/memory-profile-scripts](./memory-profile-scripts/scripts).
 
 ## Prerequisites
 ### jemalloc
@@ -30,6 +30,23 @@ curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/brendangregg/FlameGraph/master/flamegraph
 
 ## Profiling
 
+### Configuration
+
+You can control heap profiling activation through configuration. Add the following to your configuration file:
+
+```toml
+[memory]
+# Whether to enable heap profiling activation during startup.
+# When enabled, heap profiling will be activated if the `MALLOC_CONF` environment variable
+# is set to "prof:true,prof_active:false". The official image adds this env variable.
+# Default is true.
+enable_heap_profiling = true
+```
+
+By default, if you set `MALLOC_CONF=prof:true,prof_active:false`, the database will enable profiling during startup. You can disable this behavior by setting `enable_heap_profiling = false` in the configuration.
+
+### Starting with environment variables
+
 Start GreptimeDB instance with environment variables:
 
 ```bash
@@ -40,10 +57,31 @@ MALLOC_CONF=prof:true ./target/debug/greptime standalone start
 _RJEM_MALLOC_CONF=prof:true ./target/debug/greptime standalone start
 ```
 
+### Memory profiling control
+
+You can control heap profiling activation using the new HTTP APIs:
+
+```bash
+# Check current profiling status
+curl -X GET localhost:4000/debug/prof/mem/status
+
+# Activate heap profiling (if not already active)
+curl -X POST localhost:4000/debug/prof/mem/activate
+
+# Deactivate heap profiling
+curl -X POST localhost:4000/debug/prof/mem/deactivate
+```
+
+### Dump memory profiling data
+
 Dump memory profiling data through HTTP API:
 
 ```bash
 curl -X POST localhost:4000/debug/prof/mem > greptime.hprof
+# or output flamegraph directly
+curl -X POST "localhost:4000/debug/prof/mem?output=flamegraph" > greptime.svg
+# or output pprof format
+curl -X POST "localhost:4000/debug/prof/mem?output=proto" > greptime.pprof
 ```
 
 You can periodically dump profiling data and compare them to find the delta memory usage.

docs/how-to/how-to-write-aggregate-function.md

@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-Currently, our query engine is based on DataFusion, so all aggregate function is executed by DataFusion, through its UDAF interface. You can find DataFusion's UDAF example [here](https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion/blob/arrow2/datafusion-examples/examples/simple_udaf.rs). Basically, we provide the same way as DataFusion to write aggregate functions: both are centered in a struct called "Accumulator" to accumulates states along the way in aggregation.
-
-However, DataFusion's UDAF implementation has a huge restriction, that it requires user to provide a concrete "Accumulator". Take `Median` aggregate function for example, to aggregate a `u32` datatype column, you have to write a `MedianU32`, and use `SELECT MEDIANU32(x)` in SQL. `MedianU32` cannot be used to aggregate a `i32` datatype column. Or, there's another way: you can use a special type that can hold all kinds of data (like our `Value` enum or Arrow's `ScalarValue`), and `match` all the way up to do aggregate calculations. It might work, though rather tedious. (But I think it's DataFusion's prefer way to write UDAF.)
-
-So is there a way we can make an aggregate function that automatically match the input data's type? For example, a `Median` aggregator that can work on both `u32` column and `i32`? The answer is yes until we found a way to bypassing DataFusion's restriction, a restriction that DataFusion simply don't pass the input data's type when creating an Accumulator.
-
-> There's an example in `my_sum_udaf_example.rs`, take that as quick start.
-
-# 1. Impl `AggregateFunctionCreator` trait for your accumulator creator.
-
-You must first define a struct that will be used to create your accumulator. For example,
-
-```Rust
-#[as_aggr_func_creator]
-#[derive(Debug, AggrFuncTypeStore)]
-struct MySumAccumulatorCreator {}
-```
-
-Attribute macro `#[as_aggr_func_creator]` and derive macro `#[derive(Debug, AggrFuncTypeStore)]` must both annotated on the struct. They work together to provide a storage of aggregate function's input data types, which are needed for creating generic accumulator later.  
-
-> Note that the `as_aggr_func_creator` macro will add fields to the struct, so the struct cannot be defined as an empty struct without field like `struct Foo;`, neither as a new type like `struct Foo(bar)`.
-
-Then impl `AggregateFunctionCreator` trait on it. The definition of the trait is:
-
-```Rust
-pub trait AggregateFunctionCreator: Send + Sync + Debug {
-    fn creator(&self) -> AccumulatorCreatorFunction;
-    fn output_type(&self) -> ConcreteDataType;
-    fn state_types(&self) -> Vec<ConcreteDataType>;
-}
-```
-
-You can use input data's type in methods that return output type and state types (just invoke `input_types()`).
-
-The output type is aggregate function's output data's type. For example, `SUM` aggregate function's output type is `u64` for a `u32` datatype column. The state types are accumulator's internal states' types. Take `AVG` aggregate function on a `i32` column as example, it's state types are `i64` (for sum) and `u64` (for count).
-
-The `creator` function is where you define how an accumulator (that will be used in DataFusion) is created. You define "how" to create the accumulator (instead of "what" to create), using the input data's type as arguments. With input datatype known, you can create accumulator generically.
-
-# 2. Impl `Accumulator` trait for you accumulator.
-
-The accumulator is where you store the aggregate calculation states and evaluate a result. You must impl `Accumulator` trait for it. The trait's definition is:
-
-```Rust
-pub trait Accumulator: Send + Sync + Debug {
-    fn state(&self) -> Result<Vec<Value>>;
-    fn update_batch(&mut self, values: &[VectorRef]) -> Result<()>;
-    fn merge_batch(&mut self, states: &[VectorRef]) -> Result<()>;
-    fn evaluate(&self) -> Result<Value>;
-}
-```
-
-The DataFusion basically execute aggregate like this:
-
-1. Partitioning all input data for aggregate. Create an accumulator for each part.
-2. Call `update_batch` on each accumulator with partitioned data, to let you update your aggregate calculation.
-3. Call `state` to get each accumulator's internal state, the medial calculation result.
-4. Call `merge_batch` to merge all accumulator's internal state to one.
-5. Execute `evaluate` on the chosen one to get the final calculation result.
-
-Once you know the meaning of each method, you can easily write your accumulator. You can refer to `Median` accumulator or `SUM` accumulator defined in  file `my_sum_udaf_example.rs` for more details.
-
-# 3. Register your aggregate function to our query engine.
-
-You can call `register_aggregate_function` method in query engine to register your aggregate function. To do that, you have to new an instance of struct `AggregateFunctionMeta`. The struct has three fields, first is the name of your aggregate function's name. The function name is case-sensitive due to DataFusion's restriction. We strongly recommend using lowercase for your name. If you have to use uppercase name, wrap your aggregate function with quotation marks. For example, if you define an aggregate function named "my_aggr", you can use "`SELECT MY_AGGR(x)`"; if you define "my_AGGR", you have to use "`SELECT "my_AGGR"(x)`".
-
-The second field is arg_counts ,the count of the arguments. Like accumulator `percentile`, calculating the p_number of the column. We need to input the value of column and the value of p to cacalate, and so the count of the arguments is two.
-
-The third field is a function about how to create your accumulator creator that you defined in step 1 above. Create creator, that's a bit intertwined, but it is how we make DataFusion use a newly created aggregate function each time it executes a SQL, preventing the stored input types from affecting each other. The key detail can be starting looking at our `DfContextProviderAdapter` struct's `get_aggregate_meta` method.
-
-# (Optional) 4. Make your aggregate function automatically registered.
-
-If you've written a great aggregate function that want to let everyone use it, you can make it automatically registered to our query engine at start time. It's quick simple, just refer to the `AggregateFunctions::register` function in `common/function/src/scalars/aggregate/mod.rs`.

docs/how-to/how-to-write-fuzz-tests.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 This document introduces how to write fuzz tests in GreptimeDB.
 
 ## What is a fuzz test
-Fuzz test is tool that leverage deterministic random generation to assist in finding bugs. The goal of fuzz tests is to identify inputs generated by the fuzzer that cause system panics, crashes, or unexpected behaviors to occur. And we are using the [cargo-fuzz](https://github.com/rust-fuzz/cargo-fuzz) to run our fuzz test targets. 
+Fuzz test is tool that leverages deterministic random generation to assist in finding bugs. The goal of fuzz tests is to identify inputs generated by the fuzzer that cause system panics, crashes, or unexpected behaviors to occur. And we are using the [cargo-fuzz](https://github.com/rust-fuzz/cargo-fuzz) to run our fuzz test targets.
 
 ## Why we need them
 - Find bugs by leveraging random generation

docs/how-to/memory-profile-scripts/scripts/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Memory Analysis Process
+This section will guide you through the process of analyzing memory usage for greptimedb.
+
+1. Get the `jeprof` tool script, see the next section("Getting the `jeprof` tool") for details.
+
+2. After starting `greptimedb`(with env var `MALLOC_CONF=prof:true`), execute the `dump.sh` script with the PID of the `greptimedb` process as an argument. This continuously monitors memory usage and captures profiles when exceeding thresholds (e.g. +20MB within 10 minutes). Outputs `greptime-{timestamp}.gprof` files.
+
+3. With 2-3 gprof files, run `gen_flamegraph.sh` in the same environment to generate flame graphs showing memory allocation call stacks.
+
+4.  **NOTE:** The `gen_flamegraph.sh` script requires `jeprof` and optionally `flamegraph.pl` to be in the current directory. If needed to gen flamegraph now, run the `get_flamegraph_tool.sh` script, which downloads the flame graph generation tool `flamegraph.pl` to the current directory.
+    The usage of `gen_flamegraph.sh` is:
+
+    `Usage: ./gen_flamegraph.sh <binary_path> <gprof_directory>`
+    where `<binary_path>` is the path to the greptimedb binary, `<gprof_directory>` is the directory containing the gprof files(the directory `dump.sh` is dumping profiles to).
+    Example call: `./gen_flamegraph.sh ./greptime .`
+
+    Generating the flame graph might take a few minutes. The generated flame graphs are located in the `<gprof_directory>/flamegraphs` directory. Or if no `flamegraph.pl` is found, it will only contain `.collapse` files which is also fine.
+5.  You can send the generated flame graphs(the entire folder of `<gprof_directory>/flamegraphs`) to developers for further analysis.
+
+
+## Getting the `jeprof` tool
+there are three ways to get `jeprof`, list in here from simple to complex, using any one of those methods is ok, as long as it's the same environment as the `greptimedb` will be running on:
+1. If you are compiling greptimedb from source, then `jeprof` is already produced during compilation. After running `cargo build`, execute `find_compiled_jeprof.sh`. This will copy `jeprof` to the current directory.
+2. Or, if you have the Rust toolchain installed locally, simply follow these commands:
+```bash
+cargo new get_jeprof
+cd get_jeprof
+```
+Then add this line to `Cargo.toml`:
+```toml
+[dependencies]
+tikv-jemalloc-ctl = { version = "0.6", features = ["use_std", "stats"] }
+```
+then run:
+```bash
+cargo build
+```
+after that the `jeprof` tool is produced. Now run `find_compiled_jeprof.sh` in current directory, it will copy the `jeprof` tool to the current directory.
+
+3. compile jemalloc from source
+you can first clone this repo, and checkout to this commit:
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/tikv/jemalloc.git
+cd jemalloc
+git checkout e13ca993e8ccb9ba9847cc330696e02839f328f7
+```
+then run:
+```bash
+./configure
+make
+```
+and `jeprof` is in `.bin/` directory. Copy it to the current directory.

docs/how-to/memory-profile-scripts/scripts/dump.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Monitors greptime process memory usage every 10 minutes
+# Triggers memory profile capture via `curl -X POST localhost:4000/debug/prof/mem > greptime-{timestamp}.gprof`
+# when memory increases by more than 20MB since last check
+# Generated profiles can be analyzed using flame graphs as described in `how-to-profile-memory.md`
+# (jeprof is compiled with the database - see documentation)
+# Alternative: Share binaries + profiles for analysis (Docker images preferred)
+
+# Threshold in Kilobytes (20 MB)
+threshold_kb=$((20 * 1024))
+sleep_interval=$((10 * 60))
+
+# Variable to store the last measured memory usage in KB
+last_mem_kb=0
+
+echo "Starting memory monitoring for 'greptime' process..."
+
+while true; do
+
+    # Check if PID is provided as an argument
+    if [ -z "$1" ]; then
+        echo "$(date): PID must be provided as a command-line argument."
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    pid="$1"
+
+    # Validate that the PID is a number
+    if ! [[ "$pid" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+        echo "$(date): Invalid PID: '$pid'. PID must be a number."
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    # Get the current Resident Set Size (RSS) in Kilobytes
+    current_mem_kb=$(ps -o rss= -p "$pid")
+
+    # Check if ps command was successful and returned a number
+    if ! [[ "$current_mem_kb" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+        echo "$(date): Failed to get memory usage for PID $pid. Skipping check."
+        # Keep last_mem_kb to avoid false positives if the process briefly becomes unreadable.
+        continue
+    fi
+
+    echo "$(date): Current memory usage for PID $pid: ${current_mem_kb} KB"
+
+    # Compare with the last measurement
+    # if it's the first run, also do a baseline dump just to make sure we can dump
+    
+    diff_kb=$((current_mem_kb - last_mem_kb))
+    echo "$(date): Memory usage change since last check: ${diff_kb} KB"
+
+    if [ "$diff_kb" -gt "$threshold_kb" ]; then
+        echo "$(date): Memory increase (${diff_kb} KB) exceeded threshold (${threshold_kb} KB). Dumping profile..."
+        timestamp=$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)
+        profile_file="greptime-${timestamp}.gprof"
+        # Execute curl and capture output to file
+        if curl -sf -X POST localhost:4000/debug/prof/mem > "$profile_file"; then
+            echo "$(date): Memory profile saved to $profile_file"
+        else
+            echo "$(date): Failed to dump memory profile (curl exit code: $?)."
+            # Remove the potentially empty/failed profile file
+            rm -f "$profile_file"
+        fi
+    else
+            echo "$(date): Memory increase (${diff_kb} KB) is within the threshold (${threshold_kb} KB)."
+    fi
+    
+
+    # Update the last memory usage
+    last_mem_kb=$current_mem_kb
+    
+    # Wait for 5 minutes
+    echo "$(date): Sleeping for $sleep_interval seconds..."
+    sleep $sleep_interval
+done
+
+echo "Memory monitoring script stopped." # This line might not be reached in normal operation

docs/how-to/memory-profile-scripts/scripts/find_compiled_jeprof.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Locates compiled jeprof binary (memory analysis tool) after cargo build
+# Copies it to current directory from target/ build directories
+
+JPROF_PATH=$(find . -name 'jeprof' -print -quit)
+if [ -n "$JPROF_PATH" ]; then
+  echo "Found jeprof at $JPROF_PATH"
+  cp "$JPROF_PATH" .
+  chmod +x jeprof
+  echo "Copied jeprof to current directory and made it executable."
+else
+  echo "jeprof not found"
+  exit 1
+fi

docs/how-to/memory-profile-scripts/scripts/gen_flamegraph.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Generate flame graphs from a series of `.gprof` files
+# First argument: Path to the binary executable
+# Second argument: Path to directory containing gprof files
+# Requires `jeprof` and `flamegraph.pl` in current directory
+# What this script essentially does is:
+# ./jeprof <binary> <gprof> --collapse | ./flamegraph.pl > <output>
+# For differential analysis between consecutive profiles:
+# ./jeprof <binary> --base <gprof1> <gprof2> --collapse | ./flamegraph.pl > <output_diff>
+
+set -e # Exit immediately if a command exits with a non-zero status.
+
+# Check for required tools
+if [ ! -f "./jeprof" ]; then
+    echo "Error: jeprof not found in the current directory."
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ ! -f "./flamegraph.pl" ]; then
+    echo "Error: flamegraph.pl not found in the current directory."
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Check arguments
+if [ "$#" -ne 2 ]; then
+    echo "Usage: $0 <binary_path> <gprof_directory>"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+BINARY_PATH=$1
+GPROF_DIR=$2
+OUTPUT_DIR="${GPROF_DIR}/flamegraphs" # Store outputs in a subdirectory
+
+if [ ! -f "$BINARY_PATH" ]; then
+    echo "Error: Binary file not found at $BINARY_PATH"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ ! -d "$GPROF_DIR" ]; then
+    echo "Error: gprof directory not found at $GPROF_DIR"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+mkdir -p "$OUTPUT_DIR"
+echo "Generating flamegraphs in $OUTPUT_DIR"
+
+# Find and sort gprof files
+# Use find + sort -V for natural sort of version numbers if present in filenames
+# Use null-terminated strings for safety with find/xargs/sort
+mapfile -d $'\0' gprof_files < <(find "$GPROF_DIR" -maxdepth 1 -name '*.gprof' -print0 | sort -zV)
+
+if [ ${#gprof_files[@]} -eq 0 ]; then
+    echo "No .gprof files found in $GPROF_DIR"
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+prev_gprof=""
+
+# Generate flamegraphs
+for gprof_file in "${gprof_files[@]}"; do
+    # Skip empty entries if any
+    if [ -z "$gprof_file" ]; then
+        continue
+    fi
+
+    filename=$(basename "$gprof_file" .gprof)
+    output_collapse="${OUTPUT_DIR}/${filename}.collapse"
+    output_svg="${OUTPUT_DIR}/${filename}.svg"
+    echo "Generating collapse file for $gprof_file -> $output_collapse"
+    ./jeprof "$BINARY_PATH" "$gprof_file" --collapse > "$output_collapse"
+    echo "Generating flamegraph for $gprof_file -> $output_svg"
+    ./flamegraph.pl "$output_collapse" > "$output_svg" || true
+
+    # Generate diff flamegraph if not the first file
+    if [ -n "$prev_gprof" ]; then
+        prev_filename=$(basename "$prev_gprof" .gprof)
+        diff_output_collapse="${OUTPUT_DIR}/${prev_filename}_vs_${filename}_diff.collapse"
+        diff_output_svg="${OUTPUT_DIR}/${prev_filename}_vs_${filename}_diff.svg"
+        echo "Generating diff collapse file for $prev_gprof vs $gprof_file -> $diff_output_collapse"
+        ./jeprof "$BINARY_PATH" --base "$prev_gprof" "$gprof_file" --collapse > "$diff_output_collapse"
+        echo "Generating diff flamegraph for $prev_gprof vs $gprof_file -> $diff_output_svg"
+        ./flamegraph.pl "$diff_output_collapse" > "$diff_output_svg" || true
+    fi
+
+    prev_gprof="$gprof_file"
+done
+
+echo "Flamegraph generation complete."

docs/how-to/memory-profile-scripts/scripts/gen_from_collapse.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Generate flame graphs from .collapse files
+# Argument: Path to directory containing collapse files
+# Requires `flamegraph.pl` in current directory
+
+# Check if flamegraph.pl exists
+if [ ! -f "./flamegraph.pl" ]; then
+    echo "Error: flamegraph.pl not found in the current directory."
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Check if directory argument is provided
+if [ -z "$1" ]; then
+    echo "Usage: $0 <collapse_directory>"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+COLLAPSE_DIR=$1
+
+# Check if the provided argument is a directory
+if [ ! -d "$COLLAPSE_DIR" ]; then
+    echo "Error: '$COLLAPSE_DIR' is not a valid directory."
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+echo "Generating flame graphs from collapse files in '$COLLAPSE_DIR'..."
+
+# Find and process each .collapse file
+find "$COLLAPSE_DIR" -maxdepth 1 -name "*.collapse" -print0 | while IFS= read -r -d $'\0' collapse_file; do
+    if [ -f "$collapse_file" ]; then
+        # Construct the output SVG filename
+        svg_file="${collapse_file%.collapse}.svg"
+        echo "Generating $svg_file from $collapse_file..."
+        ./flamegraph.pl "$collapse_file" > "$svg_file"
+        if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+            echo "Error generating flame graph for $collapse_file"
+        else
+            echo "Successfully generated $svg_file"
+        fi
+    fi
+done
+
+echo "Flame graph generation complete."

docs/how-to/memory-profile-scripts/scripts/get_flamegraph_tool.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Download flamegraph.pl to current directory - this is the flame graph generation tool script
+
+curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/brendangregg/FlameGraph/master/flamegraph.pl > ./flamegraph.pl
+chmod +x ./flamegraph.pl

docs/rfcs/2023-02-01-table-compaction.md

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ pub trait CompactionStrategy {
 ```
 
 The most suitable compaction strategy for time-series scenario would be 
-a hybrid strategy that combines time window compaction with size-tired compaction, just like [Cassandra](https://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/cassandra/operating/compaction/twcs.html) and [ScyllaDB](https://docs.scylladb.com/stable/architecture/compaction/compaction-strategies.html#time-window-compaction-strategy-twcs) does.
+a hybrid strategy that combines time window compaction with size-tired compaction, just like [Cassandra](https://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/cassandra/managing/operating/compaction/twcs.html) and [ScyllaDB](https://docs.scylladb.com/stable/architecture/compaction/compaction-strategies.html#time-window-compaction-strategy-twcs) does.
 
 We can first group SSTs in level n into buckets according to some predefined time window. Within that window, 
 SSTs are compacted in a size-tired manner (find SSTs with similar size and compact them to level n+1). 

docs/rfcs/2024-01-17-dataflow-framework.md

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ In order to do those things while maintaining a low memory footprint, you need t
 - Greptime Flow's is built on top of [Hydroflow](https://github.com/hydro-project/hydroflow).
 - We have three choices for the Dataflow/Streaming process framework for our simple continuous aggregation feature:
 1. Based on the timely/differential dataflow crate that [materialize](https://github.com/MaterializeInc/materialize) based on. Later, it's proved too obscure for a simple usage, and is hard to customize memory usage control.
-2. Based on a simple dataflow framework that we write from ground up, like what [arroyo](https://www.arroyo.dev/) or [risingwave](https://www.risingwave.dev/) did, for example the core streaming logic of [arroyo](https://github.com/ArroyoSystems/arroyo/blob/master/arroyo-datastream/src/lib.rs) only takes up to 2000 line of codes. However, it means maintaining another layer of dataflow framework, which might seem easy in the beginning, but I fear it might be too burdensome to maintain once we need more features.
+2. Based on a simple dataflow framework that we write from ground up, like what [arroyo](https://www.arroyo.dev/) or [risingwave](https://www.risingwave.dev/) did, for example the core streaming logic of [arroyo](https://github.com/ArroyoSystems/arroyo/blob/master/crates/arroyo-datastream/src/lib.rs) only takes up to 2000 line of codes. However, it means maintaining another layer of dataflow framework, which might seem easy in the beginning, but I fear it might be too burdensome to maintain once we need more features.
 3. Based on a simple and lower level dataflow framework that someone else write, like [hydroflow](https://github.com/hydro-project/hydroflow), this approach combines the best of both worlds. Firstly, it boasts ease of comprehension and customization. Secondly, the dataflow framework offers precisely the necessary features for crafting uncomplicated single-node dataflow programs while delivering decent performance.
 
 Hence, we choose the third option, and use a simple logical plan that's anagonistic to the underlying dataflow framework, as it only describe how the dataflow graph should be doing, not how it do that. And we built operator in hydroflow to execute the plan. And the result hydroflow graph is wrapped in a engine that only support data in/out and tick event to flush and compute the result. This provide a thin middle layer that's easy to maintain and allow switching to other dataflow framework if necessary.

docs/rfcs/2025-02-06-remote-wal-purge.md

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+---
+Feature Name: Remote WAL Purge
+Tracking Issue: https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/issues/5474
+Date: 2025-02-06
+Author: "Yuhan Wang <profsyb@gmail.com>"
+---
+
+# Summary
+
+This RFC proposes a method for purging remote WAL in the database.
+
+# Motivation
+
+Currently only local wal entries are purged when flushing, while remote wal does nothing.
+
+# Details
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    Region0->>Kafka: Last entry id of the topic in use
+    Region0->>WALPruner: Heartbeat with last entry id
+    WALPruner->>+WALPruner: Time Loop
+    WALPruner->>+ProcedureManager: Submit purge procedure
+    ProcedureManager->>Region0: Flush request
+    ProcedureManager->>Kafka: Prune WAL entries
+    Region0->>Region0: Flush
+```
+
+## Steps
+
+### Before purge
+
+Before purging remote WAL, metasrv needs to know:
+
+1. `last_entry_id` of each region.
+2. `kafka_topic_last_entry_id` which is the last entry id of the topic in use. Can be lazily updated and needed when region has empty memtable.
+3. Kafka topics that each region uses.
+
+The states are maintained through:
+1. Heartbeat: Datanode sends `last_entry_id` to metasrv in heartbeat. As for regions with empty memtable, `last_entry_id` should equals to `kafka_topic_last_entry_id`.
+2. Metasrv maintains a topic-region map to know which region uses which topic.
+
+`kafka_topic_last_entry_id` will be maintained by the region itself. Region will update the value after `k` heartbeats if the memtable is empty.
+
+### Purge procedure
+
+We can better handle locks utilizing current procedure. It's quite similar to the region migration procedure.
+
+After a period of time, metasrv will submit a purge procedure to ProcedureManager. The purge will apply to all topics.
+
+The procedure is divided into following stages:
+
+1. Preparation:
+   - Retrieve `last_entry_id` of each region kvbackend.
+   - Choose regions that have a relatively small `last_entry_id` as candidate regions, which means we need to send a flush request to these regions.
+2. Communication:
+   - Send flush requests to candidate regions.
+3. Purge:
+   - Choose proper entry id to delete for each topic. The entry should be the smallest `last_entry_id - 1` among all regions. 
+   - Delete legacy entries in Kafka.
+   - Store the `last_purged_entry_id` in kvbackend. It should be locked to prevent other regions from replaying the purged entries.
+
+### After purge
+
+After purge, there may be some regions that have `last_entry_id` smaller than the entry we just deleted. It's legal since we only delete the entries that are not needed anymore.
+
+When restarting a region, it should query the `last_purged_entry_id` from metasrv and replay from `min(last_entry_id, last_purged_entry_id)`.
+
+### Error handling
+
+No persisted states are needed since all states are maintained in kvbackend.
+
+Retry when failed to retrieving metadata from kvbackend.
+
+# Alternatives
+
+Purge time can depend on the size of the WAL entries instead of a fixed period of time, which may be more efficient.

docs/rfcs/2025-06-20-repartition.md

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+---
+Feature Name: Repartition
+Tracking Issue: https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/issues/6558
+Date: 2025-06-20
+Author: "Ruihang Xia <waynestxia@gmail.com>"
+---
+
+# Summary
+
+This RFC proposes a method for repartitioning a table, to adjust the partition rule and data distribution.
+
+# Motivation
+
+With time passing, the data distribution and skew pattern of a table might change. We need a way to repartition the table to suit the new pattern.
+
+# Details
+
+Here is a rough workflow diagram of the entire repartition process, each step is described in detail below.
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    participant Frontend
+    participant Metasrv
+    participant Datanodes
+    participant Region0 as Region 0
+    
+    Frontend->>Frontend: Process request, validation etc.
+    Frontend->>Metasrv: Submit procedure
+    Metasrv->>Metasrv: Compute diff and generate migration plan
+    Metasrv->>Metasrv: Allocate necessary region resources (with Paas)
+    Metasrv->>Datanodes: Stop compaction and snapshot
+    rect rgb(255, 225, 225)
+        note over Frontend, Region0: No Ingestion Period
+        Metasrv->>Frontend: Stop processing write requests
+        Metasrv->>Metasrv: Update metadata
+        Metasrv->>Frontend: Start processing read requests
+    end
+    Metasrv->>Datanodes: Update region rule, stage version changes from now on
+    Region0->>Region0: Compute new manifests for all regions
+    Region0->>Datanodes: Submit manifest changes
+    Metasrv->>Datanodes: Recover compaction and snapshot, make staged changes visible
+
+    note over Frontend, Datanodes: Reload Cache
+    Metasrv->>Metasrv: Release resources (with Paas)
+    Metasrv->>Metasrv: Schedule optional compaction (to remote compactor)
+```
+
+## Preprocessing
+
+This phase is for static analysis of the new partition rule. The server can know whether the repartitioning is possible, how to do the repartitioning, and how much resources are needed.
+
+In theory, the input and output partition rules for repartitioning can be completely unrelated. But in practice, to avoid a very large change set, we'll only allow two simple kinds of change. One splits one region into two regions (region split) and another merges two regions into one (region merge).
+
+After validating the new partition rule using the same validation logic as table creation, we compute the difference between the old and new partition rules. The resulting diff may contain several independent groups of changes. During subsequent processing, each group of changes can be handled independently and can succeed or fail without affecting other groups or creating non-idempotently retryable scenarios.
+
+Next, we generate a repartition plan for each group of changes. Each plan contains this information for all regions involved in that particular plan. And one target region will only be referenced by a single plan.
+
+With those plans, we can determine the resource requirements for the repartition operation, where resources here primarily refer to Regions. Metasrv will coordinate with PaaS layer to pre-allocate the necessary regions at this stage. These new regions start completely empty, and their metadata and manifests will be populated during subsequent modification steps.
+
+## Data Processing
+
+This phase is primarily for region's change, including region's metadata (route table and the corresponding rule) and manifest.
+
+Once we start processing one plan through a procedure, we'll first stop the region's compaction and snapshot. This is to avoid any states being removed due to compaction (which may removes old SST files) and snapshot (which may removes old manifest files).
+
+Metasrv will trying to update the metadata of partition, or the region route table (related to `PartitionRuleManager`). This step is in the "no ingestion" scope, so no new data will be ingested. Since this won't take much time, the affection to the cluster is minimized. Metasrv will also update the region rule to corresponding regions on Datanodes. 
+
+Every regions and all the ingestion requests to the region server will have a version of region rule, to identify under which rule the request is processed. The version can be something like `hash(region_rule)`. Once the region rule on region server is updated, all ingestion request with old rule will be rejected, and all requests with new rule will be accepted but not visible. They can still be flushed to persisted storage, but their version change (new manifest) will be staged.
+
+Then region 0 (or let metasrv to pick any operational region) will compute the new manifests for all target regions. This step is done by first reading all old manifests, and remapping the files with new partition rule, to get the content of new manifests. Notice this step only handles the manifests before region rule change on region server, and won't touch those staged manifests, as they are already with the new rule.
+
+Those new manifest will be submitted to the corresponding target regions by region 0 via a `RegionEdit` request. If this request falls after a few retries, region 0 will try to rollback this change by directly overwriting the manifest on object storage. and report this failure to metasrv and let the entire repartition procedure to fail. And we can also optionally compute the new manifest for those staged version changes (like another repartition) and submit them to the target regions to make the also visible even if the repartition fails.
+
+In the other hand, a successful `RegionEdit` request also acknowledges those staged version changes and make them visible.
+
+After this step, the repartition is done in the data plane. We can start to process compaction and snapshot again.
+
+## Postprocessing
+
+After the main processing is done, we can do some extra postprocessing to reduce the performance impact of repartition. Including reloading caches in frontend's route table, metasrv's kv cache and datanode's read/write/page cache etc.
+
+We can also schedule an optional compaction to reorganize all the data file under the new partition rule to reduce potential fragmentation or read amplification.
+
+## Procedure
+
+Here describe the repartition procedure step by step:
+
+- <on frontend> Validating repartition request
+- <on frontend> Initialize the repartition procedure
+- Calculate rule diff and repartition plan group
+- Allocate necessary new regions
+- Lock the table key
+- For each repartition subprocedure
+  - Stop compaction and snapshot
+  - Forbid new ingestion requests, update metadata, allow ingestion requests.
+  - Update region rule to regions
+  - Pick one region to calculate new manifest for all regions in this repartition group
+  - Let that region to apply new manifest to each region via `RegionEdit`
+  - If failed after some retries, revert this manifest change to other succeeded regions and mark this failure.
+  - If all succeeded, acknowledge those staged version changes and make them visible.
+  - Return result
+- Collect results from subprocedure.
+  - For those who failed, we need to restart those regions to force reconstruct their status from manifests
+  - For those who succeeded, collect and merge their rule diff
+- Unlock the table key
+- Report the result to user.
+- <in background> Reload cache
+- <in background> Maybe trigger a special compaction
+
+In addition of sequential step, rollback is also an important part of this procedure. There are three steps can be rolled back when unrecoverable failure occurs.
+
+If the metadata update is not committed, we can overwrite the metadata to previous version. This step is scoped in the "no ingestion" period, so no new data will be ingested and the status of both datanode and metasrv will be consistent.
+
+If the `RegionEdit` to other regions is not acknowledged, or partial acknowledged, we can directly overwrite the manifest on object storage from the central region (who computes the new manifest), and force region server to reload corresponding region to load its state from object storage to recover.
+
+If the staged version changes are not acknowledged, we can re-compute manifest based on old rule for staged data, and apply them directly like above. This is like another smaller repartition for those staged data.
+
+## Region rule validation and diff calculation
+
+In the current codebase, the rule checker is not complete. It can't check uniqueness and completeness of the rule. This RFC also propose a new way to validate the rule.
+
+The proposed validation way is based on a check-point system, which first generates a group of check-points from the rule, and then check if all the point is covered and only covered by one rule.
+
+All the partition rule expressionis limited to be the form of `<column> <operator> <value>`, and the operator is limited to be comparison operators. Those expressions are allowed to be nested with `AND` and `OR` operators. Based on this, we can first extract all the unique values on each column, adding and subtracting a little epsilon to cover its left and right boundary.
+
+Since we accept integer, float and string as the value type, compute on them directly is not convenient. So we'll first normalize them to a common type and only need to preserve the relative partial ordering. This also avoids the problem of "what is next/previous value" of string and "what's a good precision" for float.
+
+After normalization, we get a set of scatter points for each column. Then we can generate a set of check-points by combining all the scatter points like building a cartesian product. This might bring a large number of check-points, so we can do an prune optimization to remove some of them by merging some of the expression zones. Those expressions who have identical N-1 edge sub-expressions with one adjacent edge can be merged together. This prune check is with a time complexity of O(N * M * log(M)), where N is the number of active dimensions and M is the number of expression zones. Diff calculation is also done by finding different expression zones between the old and new rule set, and check if we can transform one to another by merging some of the expression zones.
+
+The step to validate the check-points set against expressions can be treated as a tiny expression of `PhysicalExpr`. This evaluation will give a boolean matrix of K*M shape, where K is the number of check-points. We then check in each row of the matrix, if there is one and only one true value.
+
+## Compute and use new manifest
+
+We can generate a new set of manifest file based on old manifest and two versions of rule. From abvoe rule processing part, we can tell how a new rule & region is from previous one. So a simple way to get the new manifest is also apply the step of change to manifest files. E.g., if region A is from region B and C, we simply combine all file IDs from B and C to generate the content of A.
+
+If necessary, we can do this better by involving some metadata related to data, like min-max statistics of each file, and pre-evaluate over min-max to filter out unneeded files when generating new manifest.
+
+The way to use new manifest needs one more extra step based on the current implementation. We'll need to record either in manifest or in file metadata, of what rule is used when generating (flush or compaction) a SST file. Then in every single read request, we need to append the current region rule as predicate to the read request, to ensure no data belong to other regions will be read. We can use the stored region rule to reduce the number of new predicates to apply, by removing the identical predicate between the current region rule and the stored region rule. So ideally in a table that has not been repartitioned recently, the overhead of checking region rule is minimal.
+
+## Pre-required tasks
+
+In above steps, we assume some functionalities are implemented. Here list them with where they are used and how to implement them.
+
+### Cross-region read
+
+The current data directory structure is `{table_id}/{region_id}/[data/metadata]/{file_id}`, every region can only access files under their own directory. After repartition, data file may be placed in other previous old regions. So we need to support cross-region read. This new access method allows region to access any file under the same table. Related tracking issue is <https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/issues/6409>.
+
+### Global GC worker
+
+This is to simplify state management of data files. As one file may be referenced in multiple manifests, or no manifest at all. After this, every region and the repartition process only need to care about generateing and using new files, without tracking whether a file should be deleted or not. Leaving the deletion to the global GC worker. This worker basically works by counting reference from manifest file, and remove unused one. Related tracking issue is **TBD**.
+
+# Alternatives
+
+In the "Data Processing" section, we can enlarge the "no ingestion" period to include almost all the steps. This can simplify the entire procedure by a lot, but will bring a longer time of ingestion pause which may not be acceptable.

docs/rfcs/2025-07-04-compatibility-test-framework.md

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+---
+Feature Name: Compatibility Test Framework
+Tracking Issue: TBD
+Date: 2025-07-04
+Author: "Ruihang Xia <waynestxia@gmail.com>"
+---
+
+# Summary
+
+This RFC proposes a compatibility test framework for GreptimeDB to ensure backward/forward compatibility for different versions of GreptimeDB.
+
+# Motivation
+
+In current practice, we don't have a systematic way to test and ensure the compatibility of different versions of GreptimeDB. Each time we release a new version, we need to manually test the compatibility with ad-hoc cases. This is not only time-consuming, but also prone to errors and unmaintainable. Highly rely on the release manager to ensure the compatibility of different versions of GreptimeDB.
+
+We don't have a detailed guide on the release SoP of how to test and ensure the compatibility of the new version. And has broken the compatibility of the new version many times (`v0.14.1` and `v0.15.1` are two examples, which are both released right after the major release).
+
+# Details
+
+This RFC proposes a compatibility test framework that is easy to maintain, extend and run. It can tell the compatibility between any given two versions of GreptimeDB, both backward and forward. It's based on the Sqlness library but used in a different way.
+
+Generally speaking, the framework is composed of two parts:
+
+1. Test cases: A set of test cases that are maintained dedicatedly for the compatibility test. Still in the `.sql` and `.result` format.
+2. Test framework: A new sqlness runner that is used to run the test cases. With some new features that is not required by the integration sqlness test.
+
+## Test Cases
+
+### Structure
+
+The case set is organized in three parts:
+
+- `1.feature`: Use a new feature
+- `2.verify`: Verify database behavior
+- `3.cleanup`: Paired with `1.feature`, cleanup the test environment.
+
+These three parts are organized in a tree structure, and should be run in sequence:
+
+```
+compatibility_test/
+├── 1.feature/
+│   ├── feature-a/
+│   ├── feature-b/
+│   └── feature-c/
+├── 2.verify/
+│   ├── verify-metadata/
+│   ├── verify-data/
+│   └── verify-schema/
+└── 3.cleanup/
+    ├── cleanup-a/
+    ├── cleanup-b/
+    └── cleanup-c/
+```
+
+### Example
+
+For example, for a new feature like adding new index option ([#6416](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/pull/6416)), we (who implement the feature) create a new test case like this:
+
+```sql
+-- path: compatibility_test/1.feature/index-option/granularity_and_false_positive_rate.sql
+
+-- SQLNESS ARG since=0.15.0
+-- SQLNESS IGNORE_RESULT
+CREATE TABLE granularity_and_false_positive_rate (ts timestamp time index, val double) with ("index.granularity" = "8192", "index.false_positive_rate" = "0.01");
+```
+
+And
+
+```sql
+-- path: compatibility_test/3.cleanup/index-option/granularity_and_false_positive_rate.sql
+drop table granularity_and_false_positive_rate;
+```
+
+Since this new feature don't require some special way to verify the database behavior, we can reuse existing test cases in `2.verify/` to verify the database behavior. For example, we can reuse the `verify-metadata` test case to verify the metadata of the table.
+
+```sql
+-- path: compatibility_test/2.verify/verify-metadata/show-create-table.sql
+
+-- SQLNESS TEMPLATE TABLE="SHOW TABLES";
+SHOW CREATE TABLE $TABLE;
+```
+
+In this example, we use some new sqlness features that will be introduced in the next section (`since`, `IGNORE_RESULT`, `TEMPLATE`).
+
+### Maintenance
+
+Each time implement a new feature that should be covered by the compatibility test, we should create a new test case in `1.feature/` and `3.cleanup/` for them. And check if existing cases in `2.verify/` can be reused to verify the database behavior.
+
+This simulates an enthusiastic user who uses all the new features at the first time. All the new Maintenance burden is on the feature implementer to write one more test case for the new feature, to "fixation" the behavior. And once there is a breaking change in the future, it can be detected by the compatibility test framework automatically.
+
+Another topic is about deprecation. If a feature is deprecated, we should also mark it in the test case. Still use above example, assume we deprecate the `index.granularity` and `index.false_positive_rate` index options in `v0.99.0`, we can mark them as:
+```sql
+-- SQLNESS ARG since=0.15.0 till=0.99.0
+...
+```
+
+This tells the framework to ignore this feature in version `v0.99.0` and later. Currently, we have so many experimental features that are scheduled to be broken in the future, this is a good way to mark them.
+
+## Test Framework
+
+This section is about new sqlness features required by this framework.
+
+### Since and Till
+
+Follows the `ARG` interceptor in sqlness, we can mark a feature is available between two given versions. Only the `since` is required:
+
+```sql
+-- SQLNESS ARG since=VERSION_STRING [till=VERSION_STRING]
+```
+
+### IGNORE_RESULT
+
+`IGNORE_RESULT` is a new interceptor, it tells the runner to ignore the result of the query, only check whether the query is executed successfully.
+
+This is useful to reduce the Maintenance burden of the test cases, unlike the integration sqlness test, in most cases we don't care about the result of the query, only need to make sure the query is executed successfully.
+
+### TEMPLATE
+
+`TEMPLATE` is another new interceptor, it can generate queries from a template based on a runtime data.
+
+In above example, we need to run the `SHOW CREATE TABLE` query for all existing tables, so we can use the `TEMPLATE` interceptor to generate the query with a dynamic table list.
+
+### RUNNER
+
+There are also some extra requirement for the runner itself:
+
+- It should run the test cases in sequence, first `1.feature/`, then `2.verify/`, and finally `3.cleanup/`.
+- It should be able to fetch required version automatically to finish the test.
+- It should handle the `since` and `till` properly.
+
+On the `1.feature` phase, the runner needs to identify all features need to be tested by version number. And then restart with a new version (the `to` version) to run `2.verify/` and `3.cleanup/` phase.
+
+## Test Report
+
+Finally, we can run the compatibility test to verify the compatibility between any given two versions of GreptimeDB, for example:
+
+```bash
+# check backward compatibility between v0.15.0 and v0.16.0 when releasing v0.16.0
+./sqlness run --from=0.15.0 --to=0.16.0
+
+# check forward compatibility when downgrading from v0.15.0 to v0.13.0
+./sqlness run --from=0.15.0 --to=0.13.0
+```
+
+We can also use a script to run the compatibility test for all the versions in a given range to give a quick report with all versions we need.
+
+And we always bump the version in `Cargo.toml` to the next major release version, so the next major release version can be used as "latest" unpublished version for scenarios like local testing.
+
+# Alternatives
+
+There was a previous attempt to implement a compatibility test framework that was disabled due to some reasons [#3728](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/issues/3728).

docs/rfcs/2025-07-23-global-gc-worker.md

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+---
+Feature Name: "global-gc-worker"
+Tracking Issue: https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/issues/6571
+Date: 2025-07-23
+Author: "discord9 <discord9@163.com>"
+---
+
+# Global GC Worker
+
+## Summary
+
+This RFC proposes the integration of a garbage collection (GC) mechanism within the Compaction process. This mechanism aims to manage and remove stale files that are no longer actively used by any system component, thereby reclaiming storage space.
+
+## Motivation
+
+With the introduction of features such as table repartitioning, a substantial number of Parquet files can become obsolete. Furthermore, failures during manifest updates may result in orphaned files that are never referenced by the system. Therefore, a periodic garbage collection mechanism is essential to reclaim storage space by systematically removing these unused files.
+
+## Details
+
+### Overview
+
+The garbage collection process will be integrated directly into the Compaction process. Upon the completion of a Compaction for a given region, the GC worker will be automatically triggered. Its primary function will be to identify and subsequently delete obsolete files that have persisted beyond their designated retention period. This integration ensures that garbage collection is performed in close conjunction with data lifecycle management, effectively leveraging the compaction process's inherent knowledge of file states.
+
+This design prioritizes correctness and safety by explicitly linking GC execution to a well-defined operational boundary: the successful completion of a compaction cycle.
+
+### Terminology
+
+- **Unused File**: Refers to a file present in the storage directory that has never been formally recorded in any manifest. A common scenario for this includes cases where a new SST file is successfully written to storage, but the subsequent update to the manifest fails, leaving the file unreferenced.
+- **Obsolete File**: Denotes a file that was previously recorded in a manifest but has since been explicitly marked for removal. This typically occurs following operations such as data repartitioning or compaction.
+
+### GC Worker Process
+
+The GC worker operates as an integral part of the Compaction process. Once a Compaction for a specific region is completed, the GC worker is automatically triggered. Executing this process on a `datanode` is preferred to eliminate the overhead associated with having to set object storage configurations in the `metasrv`.
+
+The detailed process is as follows:
+
+1.  **Invocation**: Upon the successful completion of a Compaction for a region, the GC worker is invoked.
+2.  **Manifest Reading**: The worker reads the region's primary manifest to obtain a comprehensive list of all files marked as obsolete. Concurrently, it reads any temporary manifests generated by long-running queries to identify files that are currently in active use, thereby preventing their premature deletion.
+3.  **Lingering Time Check (Obsolete Files)**: For each identified obsolete file, the GC worker evaluates its "lingering time." Which is the time passed after it had been removed from manifest.
+4.  **Deletion Marking (Obsolete Files)**: Files that have exceeded their maximum configurable lingering time and are not referenced by any active temporary manifests are marked for deletion.
+5.  **Lingering Time (Unused Files)**: Unused files (those never recorded in any manifest) are also subject to a configurable maximum lingering time before they are eligible for deletion.
+
+Following flowchart illustrates the GC worker's process:
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+    A[Compaction Completed] --> B[Trigger GC Worker]
+    B --> C[Scan Region Manifest]
+    C --> D[Identify File Types]
+    D --> E[Unused Files<br/>Never recorded in manifest]
+    D --> F[Obsolete Files<br/>Previously in manifest<br/>but marked for removal]
+    E --> G[Check Lingering Time]
+    F --> G
+    G --> H{File exceeds<br/>configured lingering time?}
+    H -->|No| I[Skip deletion]
+    H -->|Yes| J[Check Temporary Manifest]
+    J --> K{File in use by<br/>active queries?}
+    K -->|Yes| L[Retain file<br/>Wait for next GC cycle]
+    K -->|No| M[Safely delete file]
+    I --> N[End GC cycle]
+    L --> N
+    M --> O[Update Manifest]
+    O --> N
+    N --> P[Wait for next Compaction]
+    P --> A
+    style A fill:#e1f5fe
+    style B fill:#f3e5f5
+    style M fill:#e8f5e8
+    style L fill:#fff3e0
+```
+
+#### Handling Obsolete Files
+
+An obsolete file is permanently deleted only if two conditions are met:
+1. The time elapsed since its removal from the manifest (its obsolescence timestamp) exceeds a configurable threshold.
+2. It is not currently referenced by any active temporary manifests.
+
+
+#### Handling Unused Files
+
+With the integration of the GC worker into the Compaction process, the risk of accidentally deleting newly created SST files that have not yet been recorded in the manifest is significantly mitigated. Consequently, the concept of "Unused Files" as a distinct category primarily susceptible to accidental deletion is largely resolved. Any files that are genuinely "unused" (i.e., never referenced by any manifest, including temporary ones) can be safely deleted after a configurable maximum lingering time.
+
+For debugging and auditing purposes, a comprehensive list of recently deleted files can be maintained.
+
+### Ensuring Read Consistency
+
+To prevent the GC worker from inadvertently deleting files that are actively being utilized by long-running analytical queries, a robust protection mechanism is introduced. This mechanism relies on temporary manifests that are actively kept "alive" by the queries using them.
+
+When a long-running query is detected (e.g., by a slow query recorder), it will write a temporary manifest to the region's manifest directory. This manifest lists all files required for the query. However, simply creating this file is not enough, as a query runner might crash, leaving the temporary manifest orphaned and preventing garbage collection indefinitely.
+
+To address this, the following "heartbeat" mechanism is implemented:
+1.  **Periodic Updates**: The process executing the long-running query is responsible for periodically updating the modification timestamp of its temporary manifest file (i.e., "touching" the file). This serves as a heartbeat, signaling that the query is still active.
+2.  **GC Worker Verification**: When the GC worker runs, it scans for temporary manifests. For each one it finds, it checks the file's last modification time.
+3.  **Stale File Handling**: If a temporary manifest's last modification time is older than a configurable threshold, the GC worker considers it stale (left over from a crashed or terminated query). The GC worker will then delete this stale temporary manifest. Files that were protected only by this stale manifest are no longer shielded from garbage collection.
+
+This approach ensures that only files for genuinely active queries are protected. The lifecycle of the temporary manifest is managed dynamically: it is created when a long query starts, kept alive through periodic updates, and is either deleted by the query upon normal completion or automatically cleaned up by the GC worker if the query terminates unexpectedly.
+
+This mechanism may be too complex to implement at once. We can consider a two-phased approach:
+1.  **Phase 1 (Simple Time-Based Deletion)**: Initially, implement a simpler GC strategy that deletes obsolete files based solely on a configurable lingering time. This provides a baseline for space reclamation without the complexity of temporary manifests.
+2.  **Phase 2 (Consistency-Aware GC)**: Based on the practical effectiveness and observed issues from Phase 1, we can then decide whether to implement the full temporary manifest and heartbeat mechanism to handle long-running queries. This iterative approach allows for a quicker initial implementation while gathering real-world data to justify the need for a more complex solution.
+
+## Drawbacks
+
+- **Dependency on Compaction Frequency**: The integration of the GC worker with Compaction means that GC cycles are directly tied to the frequency of compactions. In environments with infrequent compaction operations, obsolete files may accumulate for extended periods before being reclaimed, potentially leading to increased storage consumption.
+- **Race Condition with Long-Running Queries**: A potential race condition exists if a long-running query initiates but haven't write its temporary manifest in time, while a compaction process simultaneously begins and marks files used by that query as obsolete. This scenario could lead to the premature deletion of files still required by the active query. To mitigate this, the threshold time for writing a temporary manifest should be significantly shorter than the lingering time configured for obsolete files, ensuring that next GC worker runs do not delete files that are now referenced by a temporary manifest if the query is still running.
+Also the read replica shouldn't be later in manifest version for more than the lingering time of obsolete files, otherwise it might ref to files that are already deleted by the GC worker.
+- need to upload tmp manifest to object storage, which may introduce additional complexity and potential performance overhead. But since long-running queries are typically not frequent, the performance impact is expected to be minimal.
+
+
+## Conclusion and Rationale
+
+This section summarizes the key aspects and trade-offs of the proposed integrated GC worker, highlighting its advantages and potential challenges.
+
+| Aspect | Current Proposal (Integrated GC) |
+| :--- | :--- |
+| **Implementation Complexity** | **Medium**. Requires careful integration with the compaction process and the slow query recorder for temporary manifest management. |
+| **Reliability** | **High**. Integration with compaction and leveraging temporary manifests from long-running queries significantly mitigates the risk of incorrect deletion. Accurate management of lingering times for obsolete files and prevention of accidental deletion of newly created SSTs enhance data safety. |
+| **Performance Overhead** | **Low to Medium**. The GC worker runs post-compaction, minimizing direct impact on write paths. Overhead from temporary manifest management by the slow query recorder is expected to be acceptable for long-running queries. |
+| **Impact on Other Components** | **Moderate**. Requires modifications to the compaction process to trigger GC and the slow query recorder to manage temporary manifests. This introduces some coupling but enhances overall data safety. |
+| **Deletion Strategy** | **State- and Time-Based**. Obsolete files are deleted based on a configurable lingering time, which is paused if the file is referenced by a temporary manifest. Unused files (never in a manifest) are also subject to a lingering time. |
+
+## Unresolved Questions and Future Work
+
+This section outlines key areas requiring further discussion and defines potential avenues for future development.
+
+*   **Slow Query Recorder Implementation**: Detailed specifications for modify slow query recorder's implementation and its precise interaction mechanisms with temporary manifests are needed.
+*   **Configurable Lingering Times**: Establish and make configurable the specific lingering times for both obsolete and unused files to optimize storage reclamation and data availability.
+
+## Alternatives
+
+### 1. Standalone GC Service
+
+Instead of integrating the GC worker directly into the Compaction process, a standalone GC service could be implemented. This service would operate independently, periodically scanning the storage for obsolete and unused files based on manifest information and predefined retention policies.
+
+**Pros:**
+*   **Decoupling**: Separates GC logic from compaction, allowing independent scaling and deployment.
+*   **Flexibility**: Can be configured to run at different frequencies and with different strategies than compaction.
+
+**Cons:**
+*   **Increased Complexity**: Requires a separate service to manage, monitor, and coordinate with other components.
+*   **Potential for Redundancy**: May duplicate some file scanning logic already present in compaction.
+*   **Consistency Challenges**: Ensuring read consistency would require more complex coordination mechanisms between the standalone GC service and active queries, potentially involving a distributed lock manager or a more sophisticated temporary manifest system.
+
+This alternative could be implemented in the future if the integrated GC worker proves insufficient or if there is a need for more advanced GC strategies.
+
+### 2. Manifest-Driven Deletion (No Lingering Time)
+
+This alternative would involve immediate deletion of files once they are removed from the manifest, without a lingering time.
+
+**Pros:**
+*   **Simplicity**: Simplifies the GC logic by removing the need for lingering time management.
+*   **Immediate Space Reclamation**: Storage space is reclaimed as soon as files are marked for deletion.
+
+**Cons:**
+*   **Increased Risk of Data Loss**: Higher risk of deleting files still in use by long-running queries or other processes if not perfectly synchronized.
+*   **Complex Read Consistency**: Requires extremely robust and immediate mechanisms to ensure that no active queries are referencing files marked for deletion, potentially leading to performance bottlenecks or complex error handling.
+*   **Debugging Challenges**: Difficult to debug issues related to premature file deletion due to the immediate nature of the operation.

docs/rfcs/2025-08-16-async-index-build.md

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+---
+Feature Name: Async Index Build
+Tracking Issue: https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/issues/6756
+Date: 2025-08-16
+Author: "SNC123 <sinhco@outlook.com>"
+---
+
+# Summary
+This RFC proposes an asynchronous index build mechanism in the database, with a configuration option to choose between synchronous and asynchronous modes, aiming to improve flexibility and adapt to different workload requirements.
+
+# Motivation
+Currently, index creation is performed synchronously, which may lead to prolonged write suspension and impact business continuity. As data volume grows, the time required for index building increases significantly. An asynchronous solution is urgently needed to enhance user experience and system throughput.
+
+# Details
+
+## Overview
+
+The following table highlights the difference between async and sync index approach:
+
+| Approach | Trigger | Data Source | Additional Index Metadata Installation | Fine-grained `FileMeta` Index |
+| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| Sync Index | On `write_sst` | Memory (on flush) / Disk (on compact) | Not required(already installed synchronously) | Not required |
+| Async Index | 4 trigger types | Disk | Required | Required |
+
+The index build mode (synchronous or asynchronous) can be selected via configuration file. 
+
+### Four Trigger Types
+
+This RFC introduces four `IndexBuildType`s to trigger index building:
+
+- **Manual Rebuild**: Triggered by the user via `ADMIN build_index("table_name")`, for scenarios like recovering from failed builds or migrating data. SST files whose `ColumnIndexMetadata` (see below) is already consistent with the `RegionMetadata` will be skipped.
+- **Schema Change**: Automatically triggered when the schema of an indexed column is altered.
+- **Flush**: Automatically builds indexes for new SST files created by a flush.
+- **Compact**: Automatically builds indexes for new SST files created by a compaction.
+
+### Additional Index Metadata Installation
+
+Previously, index information in the in-memory `FileMeta` was updated synchronously. The async approach requires an explicit installation step.
+
+A race condition can occur when compaction and index building run concurrently, leading to:
+1. Building an index for a file that is about to be deleted by compaction.
+2. Creating an unnecessary index file and an incorrect manifest record.
+3. On restart, replaying the manifest could load metadata for a non-existent file.
+
+To prevent this, the system checks if a file's `FileMeta` is in a `compacting` state before updating the manifest. If it is, the installation is aborted.
+
+### Fine-grained `FileMeta` Index
+
+The original `FileMeta` only stored file-level index information. However, manual rebuilds require column-level details to identify files inconsistent with the current DDL. Therefore, the `indexes` field in `FileMeta` is updated as follows:
+```rust
+struct FileMeta {
+    ...
+    // From file-level:
+    // available_indexes: SmallVec<[IndexType; 4]>
+    // To column-level:
+    indexes: Vec<ColumnIndexMetadata>,
+    ...
+}
+pub struct ColumnIndexMetadata {
+    pub column_id: ColumnId,
+    pub created_indexes: IndexTypes,
+}
+```
+
+## Process
+
+The index building process is similar to a flush and is illustrated below:
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    Region0->>Region0: Triggered by one of 4 conditions, targets specific files
+    loop For each target file
+    Region0->>IndexBuildScheduler: Submits an index build task
+    end
+    IndexBuildScheduler->>IndexBuildTask: Executes the task
+    IndexBuildTask->>Storage Interfaces: Reads SST data from disk
+    IndexBuildTask->>IndexBuildTask: Builds the index file
+    alt Index file size > 0
+    IndexBuildTask->>Region0: Sends IndexBuildFinished notification
+    end
+    alt File exists in Version and is not compacting
+    Region0->>Storage Interfaces: Updates manifest and Version
+    end
+```
+
+### Task Triggering and Scheduling
+
+The process starts with one of the four `IndexBuildType` triggers. In `handle_rebuild_index`, the `RegionWorkerLoop` identifies target SSTs from the request or the current region version. It then creates an `IndexBuildTask` for each file and submits it to the `index_build_scheduler`.
+
+Similar to Flush and Compact operations, index build tasks are ultimately dispatched to the LocalScheduler. Resource usage can be adjusted via configuration files. Since asynchronous index tasks are both memory-intensive and IO-intensive but have lower priority, it is recommended to allocate fewer resources to them compared to compaction and flush tasks—for example, limiting them to 1/8 of the CPU cores. 
+
+### Index Building and Notification
+
+The scheduled `IndexBuildTask` executes its `index_build` method. It uses an `indexer_builder` to create an `Indexer` that reads SST data and builds the index. If a new index file is created (`IndexOutput.file_size > 0`), the task sends an `IndexBuildFinished` notification back to the `RegionWorkerLoop`.
+
+### Index Metadata Installation
+
+Upon receiving the `IndexBuildFinished` notification in `handle_index_build_finished`, the `RegionWorkerLoop` verifies that the file still exists in the current `version` and is not being compacted. If the check passes, it calls `manifest_ctx.update_manifest` to apply a `RegionEdit` with the new index information, completing the installation.
+
+# Drawbacks
+
+Asynchronous index building may consume extra system resources, potentially affecting overall performance during peak periods.
+
+There may be a delay before the new index becomes available for queries, which could impact certain use cases.
+
+# Unresolved Questions and Future Work
+
+**Resource Management and Throttling**: The resource consumption (CPU, I/O) of background index building can be managed and limited to some extent by configuring a dedicated background thread pool. However, this approach cannot fully eliminate resource contention, especially under heavy workloads or when I/O is highly competitive. Additional throttling mechanisms or dynamic prioritization may still be necessary to avoid impacting foreground operations.
+
+# Alternatives
+
+Instead of being triggered by events like Flush or Compact, index building could be performed in batches during scheduled maintenance windows. This offers predictable resource usage but delays index availability.

flake.lock

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
         "rust-analyzer-src": "rust-analyzer-src"
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1737613896,
+        "lastModified": 1745735608,
-        "narHash": "sha256-ldqXIglq74C7yKMFUzrS9xMT/EVs26vZpOD68Sh7OcU=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-L0jzm815XBFfF2wCFmR+M1CF+beIEFj6SxlqVKF59Ec=",
         "owner": "nix-community",
         "repo": "fenix",
-        "rev": "303a062fdd8e89f233db05868468975d17855d80",
+        "rev": "c39a78eba6ed2a022cc3218db90d485077101496",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -41,16 +41,16 @@
     },
     "nixpkgs": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1737569578,
+        "lastModified": 1748162331,
-        "narHash": "sha256-6qY0pk2QmUtBT9Mywdvif0i/CLVgpCjMUn6g9vB+f3M=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-rqc2RKYTxP3tbjA+PB3VMRQNnjesrT0pEofXQTrMsS8=",
         "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "47addd76727f42d351590c905d9d1905ca895b82",
+        "rev": "7c43f080a7f28b2774f3b3f43234ca11661bf334",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
         "owner": "NixOS",
-        "ref": "nixos-24.11",
+        "ref": "nixos-25.05",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
         "type": "github"
       }
@@ -65,11 +65,11 @@
     "rust-analyzer-src": {
       "flake": false,
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1737581772,
+        "lastModified": 1745694049,
-        "narHash": "sha256-t1P2Pe3FAX9TlJsCZbmJ3wn+C4qr6aSMypAOu8WNsN0=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-fxvRYH/tS7hGQeg9zCVh5RBcSWT+JGJet7RA8Ss+rC0=",
         "owner": "rust-lang",
         "repo": "rust-analyzer",
-        "rev": "582af7ee9c8d84f5d534272fc7de9f292bd849be",
+        "rev": "d8887c0758bbd2d5f752d5bd405d4491e90e7ed6",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {

flake.nix

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   description = "Development environment flake";
 
   inputs = {
-    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-24.11";
+    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-25.05";
     fenix = {
       url = "github:nix-community/fenix";
       inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
@@ -15,13 +15,11 @@
       let
         pkgs = nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system};
         buildInputs = with pkgs; [
-          libgit2
-          libz
         ];
         lib = nixpkgs.lib;
         rustToolchain = fenix.packages.${system}.fromToolchainName {
           name = (lib.importTOML ./rust-toolchain.toml).toolchain.channel;
-          sha256 = "sha256-f/CVA1EC61EWbh0SjaRNhLL0Ypx2ObupbzigZp8NmL4=";
+          sha256 = "sha256-tJJr8oqX3YD+ohhPK7jlt/7kvKBnBqJVjYtoFr520d4=";
         };
       in
       {
@@ -51,6 +49,7 @@
           ];
 
           LD_LIBRARY_PATH = pkgs.lib.makeLibraryPath buildInputs;
+          NIX_HARDENING_ENABLE = "";
         };
       });
 }

grafana/README.md

@@ -1,44 +1,101 @@
-Grafana dashboard for GreptimeDB
+# Grafana dashboards for GreptimeDB
---------------------------------
 
-GreptimeDB's official Grafana dashboard.
+## Overview
 
-Status notify: we are still working on this config. It's expected to change frequently in the recent days. Please feel free to submit your feedback and/or contribution to this dashboard 🤗
+This repository contains Grafana dashboards for visualizing metrics and logs of GreptimeDB instances running in either cluster or standalone mode. **The Grafana version should be greater than 9.0**.
 
-If you use Helm [chart](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/helm-charts) to deploy GreptimeDB cluster, you can enable self-monitoring by setting the following values in your Helm chart:
+We highly recommend using the self-monitoring feature provided by [GreptimeDB Operator](https://github.com/GrepTimeTeam/greptimedb-operator) to automatically collect metrics and logs from your GreptimeDB instances and store them in a dedicated GreptimeDB instance.
+
+- **Metrics Dashboards**
+
+  - `dashboards/metrics/cluster/dashboard.json`: The Grafana dashboard for the GreptimeDB cluster. Read the [dashboard.md](./dashboards/metrics/cluster/dashboard.md) for more details.
+
+  - `dashboards/metrics/standalone/dashboard.json`: The Grafana dashboard for the standalone GreptimeDB instance. **It's generated from the `cluster/dashboard.json` by removing the instance filter through the `make dashboards` command**. Read the [dashboard.md](./dashboards/metrics/standalone/dashboard.md) for more details.
+
+- **Logs Dashboard**
+
+  The `dashboards/logs/dashboard.json` provides a comprehensive Grafana dashboard for visualizing GreptimeDB logs. To utilize this dashboard effectively, you need to collect logs in JSON format from your GreptimeDB instances and store them in a dedicated GreptimeDB instance.
+
+  For proper integration, the logs table must adhere to the following schema design with the table name `_gt_logs`:
+
+  ```sql
+  CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `_gt_logs` (
+    `pod_ip` STRING NULL,
+    `namespace` STRING NULL,
+    `cluster` STRING NULL,
+    `file` STRING NULL,
+    `module_path` STRING NULL,
+    `level` STRING NULL,
+    `target` STRING NULL,
+    `role` STRING NULL,
+    `pod` STRING NULL SKIPPING INDEX WITH(granularity = '10240', type = 'BLOOM'),
+    `message` STRING NULL FULLTEXT INDEX WITH(analyzer = 'English', backend = 'bloom', case_sensitive = 'false'),
+    `err` STRING NULL FULLTEXT INDEX WITH(analyzer = 'English', backend = 'bloom', case_sensitive = 'false'),
+    `timestamp` TIMESTAMP(9) NOT NULL,
+    TIME INDEX (`timestamp`),
+    PRIMARY KEY (`level`, `target`, `role`)
+  )
+    ENGINE=mito
+  WITH (
+    append_mode = 'true'
+  )
+  ```
+
+## Development
+
+As GreptimeDB evolves rapidly, metrics may change over time. We welcome your feedback and contributions to improve these dashboards 🤗
+
+To modify the metrics dashboards, simply edit the `dashboards/metrics/cluster/dashboard.json` file and run the `make dashboards` command. This will automatically generate the updated `dashboards/metrics/standalone/dashboard.json` and other related files.
+
+For easier dashboard maintenance, we utilize the [`dac`](https://github.com/zyy17/dac) tool to generate human-readable intermediate dashboards and documentation:
+
+- `dashboards/metrics/cluster/dashboard.yaml`: The intermediate dashboard file for the GreptimeDB cluster.
+- `dashboards/metrics/standalone/dashboard.yaml`: The intermediate dashboard file for standalone GreptimeDB instances.
+
+## Data Sources
+
+The following data sources are used to fetch metrics and logs:
+
+- **`${metrics}`**: Prometheus data source for providing the GreptimeDB metrics.
+- **`${logs}`**: MySQL data source for providing the GreptimeDB logs.
+- **`${information_schema}`**: MySQL data source for providing the information schema of the current instance and used for the `overview` panel. It is the MySQL port of the current monitored instance.
+
+## Instance Filters
+
+To deploy the dashboards for multiple scenarios (K8s, bare metal, etc.), we prefer to use the `instance` label when filtering instances.
+
+Additionally, we recommend including the `pod` label in the legend to make it easier to identify each instance, even though this field will be empty in bare metal scenarios.
+
+For example, the following query is recommended:
+
+```promql
+sum(process_resident_memory_bytes{instance=~"$datanode"}) by (instance, pod)
+```
+
+And the legend will be like: `[{{instance}}]-[{{ pod }}]`.
+
+## Deployment
+
+### (Recommended) Helm Chart
+
+If you use the [Helm Chart](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/helm-charts) to deploy a GreptimeDB cluster, you can enable self-monitoring by setting the following values in your Helm chart:
 
 - `monitoring.enabled=true`: Deploys a standalone GreptimeDB instance dedicated to monitoring the cluster;
 - `grafana.enabled=true`: Deploys Grafana and automatically imports the monitoring dashboard;
 
-The standalone GreptimeDB instance will collect metrics from your cluster and the dashboard will be available in the Grafana UI. For detailed deployment instructions, please refer to our [Kubernetes deployment guide](https://docs.greptime.com/nightly/user-guide/deployments/deploy-on-kubernetes/getting-started).
+The standalone GreptimeDB instance will collect metrics from your cluster, and the dashboard will be available in the Grafana UI. For detailed deployment instructions, please refer to our [Kubernetes deployment guide](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/deployments-administration/deploy-on-kubernetes/overview).
 
-# How to use
+### Self-host Prometheus and import dashboards manually
 
-## `greptimedb.json`
+1. **Configure Prometheus to scrape the cluster**
 
-Open Grafana Dashboard page, choose `New` -> `Import`. And upload `greptimedb.json` file.
+   The following is an example configuration(**Please modify it according to your actual situation**):
 
-## `greptimedb-cluster.json`
+    ```yml
-
+    # example config
-This cluster dashboard provides a comprehensive view of incoming requests, response statuses, and internal activities such as flush and compaction, with a layered structure from frontend to datanode. Designed with a focus on alert functionality, its primary aim is to highlight any anomalies in metrics, allowing users to quickly pinpoint the cause of errors.
+    # only to indicate how to assign labels to each target
-
+    # modify yours accordingly
-We use Prometheus to scrape off metrics from nodes in GreptimeDB cluster, Grafana to visualize the diagram. Any compatible stack should work too.
+    scrape_configs:
-
-__Note__: This dashboard is still in an early stage of development. Any issue or advice on improvement is welcomed.
-
-### Configuration
-
-Please ensure the following configuration before importing the dashboard into Grafana.
-
-__1. Prometheus scrape config__
-
-Configure Prometheus to scrape the cluster.
-
-```yml
-# example config
-# only to indicate how to assign labels to each target
-# modify yours accordingly
-scrape_configs:
       - job_name: metasrv
         static_configs:
         - targets: ['<metasrv-ip>:<port>']
@@ -50,12 +107,16 @@ scrape_configs:
       - job_name: frontend
         static_configs:
         - targets: ['<frontend-ip>:<port>']
-```
+    ```
 
-__2. Grafana config__
+2. **Configure the data sources in Grafana**
 
-Create a Prometheus data source in Grafana before using this dashboard. We use `datasource` as a variable in Grafana dashboard so that multiple environments are supported.
+   You need to add two data sources in Grafana:
 
-### Usage
+   - Prometheus: It is the Prometheus instance that scrapes the GreptimeDB metrics.
+   - Information Schema: It is the MySQL port of the current monitored instance. The dashboard will use this datasource to show the information schema of the current instance.
 
-Use `datasource` or `instance` on the upper-left corner to filter data from certain node.
+3. **Import the dashboards based on your deployment scenario**
+
+   - **Cluster**: Import the `dashboards/metrics/cluster/dashboard.json` dashboard.
+   - **Standalone**: Import the `dashboards/metrics/standalone/dashboard.json` dashboard.

grafana/check.sh

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-BASEDIR=$(dirname "$0")
-
-# Use jq to check for panels with empty or missing descriptions
-invalid_panels=$(cat $BASEDIR/greptimedb-cluster.json | jq -r '
-  .panels[]
-  | select((.type == "stats" or .type == "timeseries") and (.description == "" or .description == null))
-')
-
-# Check if any invalid panels were found
-if [[ -n "$invalid_panels" ]]; then
-  echo "Error: The following panels have empty or missing descriptions:"
-  echo "$invalid_panels"
-  exit 1
-else
-  echo "All panels with type 'stats' or 'timeseries' have valid descriptions."
-  exit 0
-fi

grafana/dashboards/logs/dashboard.json

@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+{
+  "annotations": {
+    "list": [
+      {
+        "builtIn": 1,
+        "datasource": {
+          "type": "grafana",
+          "uid": "-- Grafana --"
+        },
+        "enable": true,
+        "hide": true,
+        "iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
+        "name": "Annotations & Alerts",
+        "type": "dashboard"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "editable": true,
+  "fiscalYearStartMonth": 0,
+  "graphTooltip": 0,
+  "id": 12,
+  "links": [],
+  "panels": [
+    {
+      "datasource": {
+        "default": false,
+        "type": "mysql",
+        "uid": "${datasource}"
+      },
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {},
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 20,
+        "w": 24,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 0
+      },
+      "id": 1,
+      "options": {
+        "dedupStrategy": "none",
+        "enableInfiniteScrolling": true,
+        "enableLogDetails": true,
+        "prettifyLogMessage": false,
+        "showCommonLabels": false,
+        "showLabels": false,
+        "showTime": true,
+        "sortOrder": "Descending",
+        "wrapLogMessage": false
+      },
+      "pluginVersion": "11.6.0",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "dataset": "greptime_private",
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "mysql",
+            "uid": "${datasource}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "format": "table",
+          "rawQuery": true,
+          "rawSql": "SELECT `timestamp`, CONCAT('[', `level`, ']', ' ', '<', `target`, '>', ' ', `message`),\n  `role`,\n  `pod`,\n  `pod_ip`,\n  `namespace`,\n  `cluster`,\n  `err`,\n  `file`,\n  `module_path`\nFROM\n  `_gt_logs`\nWHERE\n  (\n    \"$level\" = \"'all'\"\n    OR `level` IN ($level)\n  ) \n  AND (\n    \"$role\" = \"'all'\"\n    OR `role` IN ($role)\n  )\n  AND (\n    \"$pod\" = \"\"\n    OR `pod` = '$pod'\n  )\n  AND (\n    \"$target\" = \"\"\n    OR `target` = '$target'\n  )\n  AND (\n    \"$search\" = \"\"\n    OR matches_term(`message`, '$search')\n  )\n  AND (\n    \"$exclude\" = \"\"\n    OR NOT matches_term(`message`, '$exclude')\n  )\n  AND $__timeFilter(`timestamp`)\nORDER BY `timestamp` DESC\nLIMIT $limit;\n",
+          "refId": "A",
+          "sql": {
+            "columns": [
+              {
+                "parameters": [],
+                "type": "function"
+              }
+            ],
+            "groupBy": [
+              {
+                "property": {
+                  "type": "string"
+                },
+                "type": "groupBy"
+              }
+            ],
+            "limit": 50
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Logs",
+      "type": "logs"
+    }
+  ],
+  "preload": false,
+  "refresh": "",
+  "schemaVersion": 41,
+  "tags": [],
+  "templating": {
+    "list": [
+      {
+        "current": {
+          "text": "logs",
+          "value": "P98F38F12DB221A8C"
+        },
+        "includeAll": false,
+        "name": "datasource",
+        "options": [],
+        "query": "mysql",
+        "refresh": 1,
+        "regex": "",
+        "type": "datasource"
+      },
+      {
+        "allValue": "'all'",
+        "current": {
+          "text": [
+            "$__all"
+          ],
+          "value": [
+            "$__all"
+          ]
+        },
+        "includeAll": true,
+        "label": "level",
+        "multi": true,
+        "name": "level",
+        "options": [
+          {
+            "selected": false,
+            "text": "INFO",
+            "value": "INFO"
+          },
+          {
+            "selected": false,
+            "text": "ERROR",
+            "value": "ERROR"
+          },
+          {
+            "selected": false,
+            "text": "WARN",
+            "value": "WARN"
+          },
+          {
+            "selected": false,
+            "text": "DEBUG",
+            "value": "DEBUG"
+          },
+          {
+            "selected": false,
+            "text": "TRACE",
+            "value": "TRACE"
+          }
+        ],
+        "query": "INFO,ERROR,WARN,DEBUG,TRACE",
+        "type": "custom"
+      },
+      {
+        "allValue": "'all'",
+        "current": {
+          "text": [
+            "$__all"
+          ],
+          "value": [
+            "$__all"
+          ]
+        },
+        "includeAll": true,
+        "label": "role",
+        "multi": true,
+        "name": "role",
+        "options": [
+          {
+            "selected": false,
+            "text": "datanode",
+            "value": "datanode"
+          },
+          {
+            "selected": false,
+            "text": "frontend",
+            "value": "frontend"
+          },
+          {
+            "selected": false,
+            "text": "meta",
+            "value": "meta"
+          }
+        ],
+        "query": "datanode,frontend,meta",
+        "type": "custom"
+      },
+      {
+        "current": {
+          "text": "",
+          "value": ""
+        },
+        "label": "pod",
+        "name": "pod",
+        "options": [
+          {
+            "selected": true,
+            "text": "",
+            "value": ""
+          }
+        ],
+        "query": "",
+        "type": "textbox"
+      },
+      {
+        "current": {
+          "text": "",
+          "value": ""
+        },
+        "label": "target",
+        "name": "target",
+        "options": [
+          {
+            "selected": true,
+            "text": "",
+            "value": ""
+          }
+        ],
+        "query": "",
+        "type": "textbox"
+      },
+      {
+        "current": {
+          "text": "",
+          "value": ""
+        },
+        "label": "search",
+        "name": "search",
+        "options": [
+          {
+            "selected": true,
+            "text": "",
+            "value": ""
+          }
+        ],
+        "query": "",
+        "type": "textbox"
+      },
+      {
+        "current": {
+          "text": "",
+          "value": ""
+        },
+        "label": "exclude",
+        "name": "exclude",
+        "options": [
+          {
+            "selected": true,
+            "text": "",
+            "value": ""
+          }
+        ],
+        "query": "",
+        "type": "textbox"
+      },
+      {
+        "current": {
+          "text": "2000",
+          "value": "2000"
+        },
+        "includeAll": false,
+        "label": "limit",
+        "name": "limit",
+        "options": [
+          {
+            "selected": true,
+            "text": "2000",
+            "value": "2000"
+          },
+          {
+            "selected": false,
+            "text": "5000",
+            "value": "5000"
+          },
+          {
+            "selected": false,
+            "text": "8000",
+            "value": "8000"
+          }
+        ],
+        "query": "2000,5000,8000",
+        "type": "custom"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "time": {
+    "from": "now-6h",
+    "to": "now"
+  },
+  "timepicker": {},
+  "timezone": "browser",
+  "title": "GreptimeDB Logs",
+  "uid": "edx5veo4rd3wge2",
+  "version": 1
+}

grafana/dashboards/metrics/cluster/dashboard.md

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+# Overview
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Uptime | `time() - process_start_time_seconds` | `stat` | The start time of GreptimeDB. | `prometheus` | `s` | `__auto` |
+| Version | `SELECT pkg_version FROM information_schema.build_info` | `stat` | GreptimeDB version. | `mysql` | -- | -- |
+| Total Ingestion Rate | `sum(rate(greptime_table_operator_ingest_rows[$__rate_interval]))` | `stat` | Total ingestion rate. | `prometheus` | `rowsps` | `__auto` |
+| Total Storage Size | `select SUM(disk_size) from information_schema.region_statistics;` | `stat` | Total number of data file size. | `mysql` | `decbytes` | -- |
+| Total Rows | `select SUM(region_rows) from information_schema.region_statistics;` | `stat` | Total number of data rows in the cluster. Calculated by sum of rows from each region. | `mysql` | `sishort` | -- |
+| Deployment | `SELECT count(*) as datanode FROM information_schema.cluster_info WHERE peer_type = 'DATANODE';`<br/>`SELECT count(*) as frontend FROM information_schema.cluster_info WHERE peer_type = 'FRONTEND';`<br/>`SELECT count(*) as metasrv FROM information_schema.cluster_info WHERE peer_type = 'METASRV';`<br/>`SELECT count(*) as flownode FROM information_schema.cluster_info WHERE peer_type = 'FLOWNODE';` | `stat` | The deployment topology of GreptimeDB. | `mysql` | -- | -- |
+| Database Resources | `SELECT COUNT(*) as databases FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name NOT IN ('greptime_private', 'information_schema')`<br/>`SELECT COUNT(*) as tables FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema != 'information_schema'`<br/>`SELECT COUNT(region_id) as regions FROM information_schema.region_peers`<br/>`SELECT COUNT(*) as flows FROM information_schema.flows` | `stat` | The number of the key resources in GreptimeDB. | `mysql` | -- | -- |
+| Data Size | `SELECT SUM(memtable_size) * 0.42825 as WAL FROM information_schema.region_statistics;`<br/>`SELECT SUM(index_size) as index FROM information_schema.region_statistics;`<br/>`SELECT SUM(manifest_size) as manifest FROM information_schema.region_statistics;` | `stat` | The data size of wal/index/manifest in the GreptimeDB. | `mysql` | `decbytes` | -- |
+# Ingestion
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Total Ingestion Rate | `sum(rate(greptime_table_operator_ingest_rows{instance=~"$frontend"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Total ingestion rate.<br/><br/>Here we listed 3 primary protocols:<br/><br/>- Prometheus remote write<br/>- Greptime's gRPC API (when using our ingest SDK)<br/>- Log ingestion http API<br/> | `prometheus` | `rowsps` | `ingestion` |
+| Ingestion Rate by Type | `sum(rate(greptime_servers_http_logs_ingestion_counter[$__rate_interval]))`<br/>`sum(rate(greptime_servers_prometheus_remote_write_samples[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Total ingestion rate.<br/><br/>Here we listed 3 primary protocols:<br/><br/>- Prometheus remote write<br/>- Greptime's gRPC API (when using our ingest SDK)<br/>- Log ingestion http API<br/> | `prometheus` | `rowsps` | `http-logs` |
+# Queries
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Total Query Rate | `sum (rate(greptime_servers_mysql_query_elapsed_count{instance=~"$frontend"}[$__rate_interval]))`<br/>`sum (rate(greptime_servers_postgres_query_elapsed_count{instance=~"$frontend"}[$__rate_interval]))`<br/>`sum (rate(greptime_servers_http_promql_elapsed_counte{instance=~"$frontend"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Total rate of query API calls by protocol. This metric is collected from frontends.<br/><br/>Here we listed 3 main protocols:<br/>- MySQL<br/>- Postgres<br/>- Prometheus API<br/><br/>Note that there are some other minor query APIs like /sql are not included | `prometheus` | `reqps` | `mysql` |
+# Resources
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Datanode Memory per Instance | `sum(process_resident_memory_bytes{instance=~"$datanode"}) by (instance, pod)`<br/>`max(greptime_memory_limit_in_bytes{app="greptime-datanode"})` | `timeseries` | Current memory usage by instance | `prometheus` | `bytes` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{ pod }}]` |
+| Datanode CPU Usage per Instance | `sum(rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{instance=~"$datanode"}[$__rate_interval]) * 1000) by (instance, pod)`<br/>`max(greptime_cpu_limit_in_millicores{app="greptime-datanode"})` | `timeseries` | Current cpu usage by instance | `prometheus` | `none` | `[{{ instance }}]-[{{ pod }}]` |
+| Frontend Memory per Instance | `sum(process_resident_memory_bytes{instance=~"$frontend"}) by (instance, pod)`<br/>`max(greptime_memory_limit_in_bytes{app="greptime-frontend"})` | `timeseries` | Current memory usage by instance | `prometheus` | `bytes` | `[{{ instance }}]-[{{ pod }}]` |
+| Frontend CPU Usage per Instance | `sum(rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{instance=~"$frontend"}[$__rate_interval]) * 1000) by (instance, pod)`<br/>`max(greptime_cpu_limit_in_millicores{app="greptime-frontend"})` | `timeseries` | Current cpu usage by instance | `prometheus` | `none` | `[{{ instance }}]-[{{ pod }}]-cpu` |
+| Metasrv Memory per Instance | `sum(process_resident_memory_bytes{instance=~"$metasrv"}) by (instance, pod)`<br/>`max(greptime_memory_limit_in_bytes{app="greptime-metasrv"})` | `timeseries` | Current memory usage by instance | `prometheus` | `bytes` | `[{{ instance }}]-[{{ pod }}]-resident` |
+| Metasrv CPU Usage per Instance | `sum(rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{instance=~"$metasrv"}[$__rate_interval]) * 1000) by (instance, pod)`<br/>`max(greptime_cpu_limit_in_millicores{app="greptime-metasrv"})` | `timeseries` | Current cpu usage by instance | `prometheus` | `none` | `[{{ instance }}]-[{{ pod }}]` |
+| Flownode Memory per Instance | `sum(process_resident_memory_bytes{instance=~"$flownode"}) by (instance, pod)`<br/>`max(greptime_memory_limit_in_bytes{app="greptime-flownode"})` | `timeseries` | Current memory usage by instance | `prometheus` | `bytes` | `[{{ instance }}]-[{{ pod }}]` |
+| Flownode CPU Usage per Instance | `sum(rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{instance=~"$flownode"}[$__rate_interval]) * 1000) by (instance, pod)`<br/>`max(greptime_cpu_limit_in_millicores{app="greptime-flownode"})` | `timeseries` | Current cpu usage by instance | `prometheus` | `none` | `[{{ instance }}]-[{{ pod }}]` |
+# Frontend Requests
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| HTTP QPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, path, method, code) (rate(greptime_servers_http_requests_elapsed_count{instance=~"$frontend",path!~"/health\|/metrics"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | HTTP QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `reqps` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{path}}]-[{{method}}]-[{{code}}]` |
+| HTTP P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, path, method, code) (rate(greptime_servers_http_requests_elapsed_bucket{instance=~"$frontend",path!~"/health\|/metrics"}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | HTTP P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{path}}]-[{{method}}]-[{{code}}]-p99` |
+| gRPC QPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, path, code) (rate(greptime_servers_grpc_requests_elapsed_count{instance=~"$frontend"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | gRPC QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `reqps` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{path}}]-[{{code}}]` |
+| gRPC P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, path, code) (rate(greptime_servers_grpc_requests_elapsed_bucket{instance=~"$frontend"}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | gRPC P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{path}}]-[{{method}}]-[{{code}}]-p99` |
+| MySQL QPS per Instance | `sum by(pod, instance)(rate(greptime_servers_mysql_query_elapsed_count{instance=~"$frontend"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | MySQL QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `reqps` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]` |
+| MySQL P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(pod, instance, le) (rate(greptime_servers_mysql_query_elapsed_bucket{instance=~"$frontend"}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | MySQL P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{ instance }}]-[{{ pod }}]-p99` |
+| PostgreSQL QPS per Instance | `sum by(pod, instance)(rate(greptime_servers_postgres_query_elapsed_count{instance=~"$frontend"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | PostgreSQL QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `reqps` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]` |
+| PostgreSQL P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(pod,instance,le) (rate(greptime_servers_postgres_query_elapsed_bucket{instance=~"$frontend"}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | PostgreSQL P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-p99` |
+# Frontend to Datanode
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Ingest Rows per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod)(rate(greptime_table_operator_ingest_rows{instance=~"$frontend"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Ingestion rate by row as in each frontend | `prometheus` | `rowsps` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]` |
+| Region Call QPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, request_type) (rate(greptime_grpc_region_request_count{instance=~"$frontend"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Region Call QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `ops` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{request_type}}]` |
+| Region Call P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, request_type) (rate(greptime_grpc_region_request_bucket{instance=~"$frontend"}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Region Call P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{request_type}}]` |
+| Frontend Handle Bulk Insert Elapsed Time  | `sum by(instance, pod, stage) (rate(greptime_table_operator_handle_bulk_insert_sum[$__rate_interval]))/sum by(instance, pod, stage) (rate(greptime_table_operator_handle_bulk_insert_count[$__rate_interval]))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, stage, le) (rate(greptime_table_operator_handle_bulk_insert_bucket[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Per-stage time for frontend to handle bulk insert requests | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{stage}}]-AVG` |
+# Mito Engine
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Request OPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, type) (rate(greptime_mito_handle_request_elapsed_count{instance=~"$datanode"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Request QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `ops` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{type}}]` |
+| Request P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, type) (rate(greptime_mito_handle_request_elapsed_bucket{instance=~"$datanode"}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Request P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{type}}]` |
+| Write Buffer per Instance | `greptime_mito_write_buffer_bytes{instance=~"$datanode"}` | `timeseries` | Write Buffer per Instance. | `prometheus` | `decbytes` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]` |
+| Write Rows per Instance | `sum by (instance, pod) (rate(greptime_mito_write_rows_total{instance=~"$datanode"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Ingestion size by row counts. | `prometheus` | `rowsps` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]` |
+| Flush OPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, reason) (rate(greptime_mito_flush_requests_total{instance=~"$datanode"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Flush QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `ops` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{reason}}]` |
+| Write Stall per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod) (greptime_mito_write_stall_total{instance=~"$datanode"})` | `timeseries` | Write Stall per Instance. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]` |
+| Read Stage OPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod) (rate(greptime_mito_read_stage_elapsed_count{instance=~"$datanode", stage="total"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Read Stage OPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `ops` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]` |
+| Read Stage P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, stage) (rate(greptime_mito_read_stage_elapsed_bucket{instance=~"$datanode"}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Read Stage P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{stage}}]` |
+| Write Stage P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, stage) (rate(greptime_mito_write_stage_elapsed_bucket{instance=~"$datanode"}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Write Stage P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{stage}}]` |
+| Compaction OPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod) (rate(greptime_mito_compaction_total_elapsed_count{instance=~"$datanode"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Compaction OPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `ops` | `[{{ instance }}]-[{{pod}}]` |
+| Compaction Elapsed Time per Instance by Stage | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, stage) (rate(greptime_mito_compaction_stage_elapsed_bucket{instance=~"$datanode"}[$__rate_interval])))`<br/>`sum by(instance, pod, stage) (rate(greptime_mito_compaction_stage_elapsed_sum{instance=~"$datanode"}[$__rate_interval]))/sum by(instance, pod, stage) (rate(greptime_mito_compaction_stage_elapsed_count{instance=~"$datanode"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Compaction latency by stage | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{stage}}]-p99` |
+| Compaction P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le,stage) (rate(greptime_mito_compaction_total_elapsed_bucket{instance=~"$datanode"}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Compaction P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{stage}}]-compaction` |
+| WAL write size | `histogram_quantile(0.95, sum by(le,instance, pod) (rate(raft_engine_write_size_bucket[$__rate_interval])))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(le,instance,pod) (rate(raft_engine_write_size_bucket[$__rate_interval])))`<br/>`sum by (instance, pod)(rate(raft_engine_write_size_sum[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Write-ahead logs write size as bytes. This chart includes stats of p95 and p99 size by instance, total WAL write rate. | `prometheus` | `bytes` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-req-size-p95` |
+| Cached Bytes per Instance | `greptime_mito_cache_bytes{instance=~"$datanode"}` | `timeseries` | Cached Bytes per Instance. | `prometheus` | `decbytes` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{type}}]` |
+| Inflight Compaction | `greptime_mito_inflight_compaction_count` | `timeseries` | Ongoing compaction task count | `prometheus` | `none` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]` |
+| WAL sync duration seconds | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(le, type, node, instance, pod) (rate(raft_engine_sync_log_duration_seconds_bucket[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Raft engine (local disk) log store sync latency, p99 | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-p99` |
+| Log Store op duration seconds | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(le,logstore,optype,instance, pod) (rate(greptime_logstore_op_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Write-ahead log operations latency at p99 | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{logstore}}]-[{{optype}}]-p99` |
+| Inflight Flush | `greptime_mito_inflight_flush_count` | `timeseries` | Ongoing flush task count | `prometheus` | `none` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]` |
+| Compaction Input/Output Bytes | `sum by(instance, pod) (greptime_mito_compaction_input_bytes)`<br/>`sum by(instance, pod) (greptime_mito_compaction_output_bytes)` | `timeseries` | Compaction oinput output bytes | `prometheus` | `bytes` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-input` |
+| Region Worker Handle Bulk Insert Requests | `histogram_quantile(0.95, sum by(le,instance, stage, pod) (rate(greptime_region_worker_handle_write_bucket[$__rate_interval])))`<br/>`sum by(instance, stage, pod) (rate(greptime_region_worker_handle_write_sum[$__rate_interval]))/sum by(instance, stage, pod) (rate(greptime_region_worker_handle_write_count[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Per-stage elapsed time for region worker to handle bulk insert region requests. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{stage}}]-P95` |
+| Active Series and Field Builders Count | `sum by(instance, pod) (greptime_mito_memtable_active_series_count)`<br/>`sum by(instance, pod) (greptime_mito_memtable_field_builder_count)` | `timeseries` | Compaction oinput output bytes | `prometheus` | `none` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-series` |
+| Region Worker Convert Requests | `histogram_quantile(0.95, sum by(le, instance, stage, pod) (rate(greptime_datanode_convert_region_request_bucket[$__rate_interval])))`<br/>`sum by(le,instance, stage, pod) (rate(greptime_datanode_convert_region_request_sum[$__rate_interval]))/sum by(le,instance, stage, pod) (rate(greptime_datanode_convert_region_request_count[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Per-stage elapsed time for region worker to decode requests. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{stage}}]-P95` |
+| Cache Miss | `sum by (instance,pod, type) (rate(greptime_mito_cache_miss{instance=~"$datanode"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | The local cache miss of the datanode. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{type}}]` |
+# OpenDAL
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| QPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, scheme, operation) (rate(opendal_operation_duration_seconds_count{instance=~"$datanode"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `ops` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]-[{{operation}}]` |
+| Read QPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, scheme, operation) (rate(opendal_operation_duration_seconds_count{instance=~"$datanode", operation=~"read\|Reader::read"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Read QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `ops` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]-[{{operation}}]` |
+| Read P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, scheme, operation) (rate(opendal_operation_duration_seconds_bucket{instance=~"$datanode",operation=~"read\|Reader::read"}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Read P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]-[{{operation}}]` |
+| Write QPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, scheme, operation) (rate(opendal_operation_duration_seconds_count{instance=~"$datanode", operation=~"write\|Writer::write\|Writer::close"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Write QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `ops` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]-[{{operation}}]` |
+| Write P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, scheme, operation) (rate(opendal_operation_duration_seconds_bucket{instance=~"$datanode", operation =~ "Writer::write\|Writer::close\|write"}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Write P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]-[{{operation}}]` |
+| List QPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, scheme) (rate(opendal_operation_duration_seconds_count{instance=~"$datanode", operation="list"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | List QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `ops` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]` |
+| List P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, scheme) (rate(opendal_operation_duration_seconds_bucket{instance=~"$datanode", operation="list"}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | List P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]` |
+| Other Requests per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, scheme, operation) (rate(opendal_operation_duration_seconds_count{instance=~"$datanode",operation!~"read\|write\|list\|stat"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Other Requests per Instance. | `prometheus` | `ops` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]-[{{operation}}]` |
+| Other Request P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, scheme, operation) (rate(opendal_operation_duration_seconds_bucket{instance=~"$datanode", operation!~"read\|write\|list\|Writer::write\|Writer::close\|Reader::read"}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Other Request P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]-[{{operation}}]` |
+| Opendal traffic | `sum by(instance, pod, scheme, operation) (rate(opendal_operation_bytes_sum{instance=~"$datanode"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Total traffic as in bytes by instance and operation | `prometheus` | `decbytes` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]-[{{operation}}]` |
+| OpenDAL errors per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, scheme, operation, error) (rate(opendal_operation_errors_total{instance=~"$datanode", error!="NotFound"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | OpenDAL error counts per Instance. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]-[{{operation}}]-[{{error}}]` |
+# Remote WAL
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Triggered region flush total | `meta_triggered_region_flush_total` | `timeseries` | Triggered region flush total | `prometheus` | `none` | `{{pod}}-{{topic_name}}` |
+| Triggered region checkpoint total | `meta_triggered_region_checkpoint_total` | `timeseries` | Triggered region checkpoint total | `prometheus` | `none` | `{{pod}}-{{topic_name}}` |
+| Topic estimated replay size | `meta_topic_estimated_replay_size` | `timeseries` | Topic estimated max replay size | `prometheus` | `bytes` | `{{pod}}-{{topic_name}}` |
+| Kafka logstore's bytes traffic | `rate(greptime_logstore_kafka_client_bytes_total[$__rate_interval])` | `timeseries` | Kafka logstore's bytes traffic | `prometheus` | `bytes` | `{{pod}}-{{logstore}}` |
+# Metasrv
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Region migration datanode | `greptime_meta_region_migration_stat{datanode_type="src"}`<br/>`greptime_meta_region_migration_stat{datanode_type="desc"}` | `status-history` | Counter of region migration by source and destination | `prometheus` | -- | `from-datanode-{{datanode_id}}` |
+| Region migration error | `greptime_meta_region_migration_error` | `timeseries` | Counter of region migration error | `prometheus` | `none` | `{{pod}}-{{state}}-{{error_type}}` |
+| Datanode load | `greptime_datanode_load` | `timeseries` | Gauge of load information of each datanode, collected via heartbeat between datanode and metasrv. This information is for metasrv to schedule workloads. | `prometheus` | `binBps` | `Datanode-{{datanode_id}}-writeload` |
+| Rate of SQL Executions (RDS) | `rate(greptime_meta_rds_pg_sql_execute_elapsed_ms_count[$__rate_interval])` | `timeseries` | Displays the rate of SQL executions processed by the Meta service using the RDS backend. | `prometheus` | `none` | `{{pod}} {{op}} {{type}} {{result}} ` |
+| SQL Execution Latency (RDS) | `histogram_quantile(0.90, sum by(pod, op, type, result, le) (rate(greptime_meta_rds_pg_sql_execute_elapsed_ms_bucket[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Measures the response time of SQL executions via the RDS backend.  | `prometheus` | `ms` | `{{pod}} {{op}} {{type}} {{result}} p90` |
+| Handler Execution Latency | `histogram_quantile(0.90, sum by(pod, le, name) (
+  rate(greptime_meta_handler_execute_bucket[$__rate_interval])
+))` | `timeseries` | Shows latency of Meta handlers by pod and handler name, useful for monitoring handler performance and detecting latency spikes.<br/> | `prometheus` | `s` | `{{pod}} {{name}} p90` |
+| Heartbeat Packet Size | `histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(pod, le) (greptime_meta_heartbeat_stat_memory_size_bucket))` | `timeseries` | Shows p90 heartbeat message sizes, helping track network usage and identify anomalies in heartbeat payload.<br/> | `prometheus` | `bytes` | `{{pod}}` |
+| Meta Heartbeat Receive Rate | `rate(greptime_meta_heartbeat_rate[$__rate_interval])` | `timeseries` | Gauge of load information of each datanode, collected via heartbeat between datanode and metasrv. This information is for metasrv to schedule workloads. | `prometheus` | `s` | `{{pod}}` |
+| Meta KV Ops Latency | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(pod, le, op, target) (greptime_meta_kv_request_elapsed_bucket))` | `timeseries` | Gauge of load information of each datanode, collected via heartbeat between datanode and metasrv. This information is for metasrv to schedule workloads. | `prometheus` | `s` | `{{pod}}-{{op}} p99` |
+| Rate of meta KV Ops | `rate(greptime_meta_kv_request_elapsed_count[$__rate_interval])` | `timeseries` | Gauge of load information of each datanode, collected via heartbeat between datanode and metasrv. This information is for metasrv to schedule workloads. | `prometheus` | `none` | `{{pod}}-{{op}} p99` |
+| DDL Latency | `histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_create_tables_bucket))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_create_table))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_create_view))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_create_flow))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_drop_table))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_alter_table))` | `timeseries` | Gauge of load information of each datanode, collected via heartbeat between datanode and metasrv. This information is for metasrv to schedule workloads. | `prometheus` | `s` | `CreateLogicalTables-{{step}} p90` |
+| Reconciliation stats | `greptime_meta_reconciliation_stats` | `timeseries` | Reconciliation stats | `prometheus` | `s` | `{{pod}}-{{table_type}}-{{type}}` |
+| Reconciliation steps | `histogram_quantile(0.9, greptime_meta_reconciliation_procedure_bucket)` | `timeseries` | Elapsed of Reconciliation steps  | `prometheus` | `s` | `{{procedure_name}}-{{step}}-P90` |
+# Flownode
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Flow Ingest / Output Rate | `sum by(instance, pod, direction) (rate(greptime_flow_processed_rows[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Flow Ingest / Output Rate. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{pod}}]-[{{instance}}]-[{{direction}}]` |
+| Flow Ingest Latency | `histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(greptime_flow_insert_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])) by (le, instance, pod))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.99, sum(rate(greptime_flow_insert_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])) by (le, instance, pod))` | `timeseries` | Flow Ingest Latency. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-p95` |
+| Flow Operation Latency | `histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(greptime_flow_processing_time_bucket[$__rate_interval])) by (le,instance,pod,type))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.99, sum(rate(greptime_flow_processing_time_bucket[$__rate_interval])) by (le,instance,pod,type))` | `timeseries` | Flow Operation Latency. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{type}}]-p95` |
+| Flow Buffer Size per Instance | `greptime_flow_input_buf_size` | `timeseries` | Flow Buffer Size per Instance. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}]` |
+| Flow Processing Error per Instance | `sum by(instance,pod,code) (rate(greptime_flow_errors[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Flow Processing Error per Instance. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{code}}]` |

grafana/dashboards/metrics/standalone/dashboard.md

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+# Overview
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Uptime | `time() - process_start_time_seconds` | `stat` | The start time of GreptimeDB. | `prometheus` | `s` | `__auto` |
+| Version | `SELECT pkg_version FROM information_schema.build_info` | `stat` | GreptimeDB version. | `mysql` | -- | -- |
+| Total Ingestion Rate | `sum(rate(greptime_table_operator_ingest_rows[$__rate_interval]))` | `stat` | Total ingestion rate. | `prometheus` | `rowsps` | `__auto` |
+| Total Storage Size | `select SUM(disk_size) from information_schema.region_statistics;` | `stat` | Total number of data file size. | `mysql` | `decbytes` | -- |
+| Total Rows | `select SUM(region_rows) from information_schema.region_statistics;` | `stat` | Total number of data rows in the cluster. Calculated by sum of rows from each region. | `mysql` | `sishort` | -- |
+| Deployment | `SELECT count(*) as datanode FROM information_schema.cluster_info WHERE peer_type = 'DATANODE';`<br/>`SELECT count(*) as frontend FROM information_schema.cluster_info WHERE peer_type = 'FRONTEND';`<br/>`SELECT count(*) as metasrv FROM information_schema.cluster_info WHERE peer_type = 'METASRV';`<br/>`SELECT count(*) as flownode FROM information_schema.cluster_info WHERE peer_type = 'FLOWNODE';` | `stat` | The deployment topology of GreptimeDB. | `mysql` | -- | -- |
+| Database Resources | `SELECT COUNT(*) as databases FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name NOT IN ('greptime_private', 'information_schema')`<br/>`SELECT COUNT(*) as tables FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema != 'information_schema'`<br/>`SELECT COUNT(region_id) as regions FROM information_schema.region_peers`<br/>`SELECT COUNT(*) as flows FROM information_schema.flows` | `stat` | The number of the key resources in GreptimeDB. | `mysql` | -- | -- |
+| Data Size | `SELECT SUM(memtable_size) * 0.42825 as WAL FROM information_schema.region_statistics;`<br/>`SELECT SUM(index_size) as index FROM information_schema.region_statistics;`<br/>`SELECT SUM(manifest_size) as manifest FROM information_schema.region_statistics;` | `stat` | The data size of wal/index/manifest in the GreptimeDB. | `mysql` | `decbytes` | -- |
+# Ingestion
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Total Ingestion Rate | `sum(rate(greptime_table_operator_ingest_rows{}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Total ingestion rate.<br/><br/>Here we listed 3 primary protocols:<br/><br/>- Prometheus remote write<br/>- Greptime's gRPC API (when using our ingest SDK)<br/>- Log ingestion http API<br/> | `prometheus` | `rowsps` | `ingestion` |
+| Ingestion Rate by Type | `sum(rate(greptime_servers_http_logs_ingestion_counter[$__rate_interval]))`<br/>`sum(rate(greptime_servers_prometheus_remote_write_samples[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Total ingestion rate.<br/><br/>Here we listed 3 primary protocols:<br/><br/>- Prometheus remote write<br/>- Greptime's gRPC API (when using our ingest SDK)<br/>- Log ingestion http API<br/> | `prometheus` | `rowsps` | `http-logs` |
+# Queries
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Total Query Rate | `sum (rate(greptime_servers_mysql_query_elapsed_count{}[$__rate_interval]))`<br/>`sum (rate(greptime_servers_postgres_query_elapsed_count{}[$__rate_interval]))`<br/>`sum (rate(greptime_servers_http_promql_elapsed_counte{}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Total rate of query API calls by protocol. This metric is collected from frontends.<br/><br/>Here we listed 3 main protocols:<br/>- MySQL<br/>- Postgres<br/>- Prometheus API<br/><br/>Note that there are some other minor query APIs like /sql are not included | `prometheus` | `reqps` | `mysql` |
+# Resources
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Datanode Memory per Instance | `sum(process_resident_memory_bytes{}) by (instance, pod)`<br/>`max(greptime_memory_limit_in_bytes{app="greptime-datanode"})` | `timeseries` | Current memory usage by instance | `prometheus` | `bytes` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{ pod }}]` |
+| Datanode CPU Usage per Instance | `sum(rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{}[$__rate_interval]) * 1000) by (instance, pod)`<br/>`max(greptime_cpu_limit_in_millicores{app="greptime-datanode"})` | `timeseries` | Current cpu usage by instance | `prometheus` | `none` | `[{{ instance }}]-[{{ pod }}]` |
+| Frontend Memory per Instance | `sum(process_resident_memory_bytes{}) by (instance, pod)`<br/>`max(greptime_memory_limit_in_bytes{app="greptime-frontend"})` | `timeseries` | Current memory usage by instance | `prometheus` | `bytes` | `[{{ instance }}]-[{{ pod }}]` |
+| Frontend CPU Usage per Instance | `sum(rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{}[$__rate_interval]) * 1000) by (instance, pod)`<br/>`max(greptime_cpu_limit_in_millicores{app="greptime-frontend"})` | `timeseries` | Current cpu usage by instance | `prometheus` | `none` | `[{{ instance }}]-[{{ pod }}]-cpu` |
+| Metasrv Memory per Instance | `sum(process_resident_memory_bytes{}) by (instance, pod)`<br/>`max(greptime_memory_limit_in_bytes{app="greptime-metasrv"})` | `timeseries` | Current memory usage by instance | `prometheus` | `bytes` | `[{{ instance }}]-[{{ pod }}]-resident` |
+| Metasrv CPU Usage per Instance | `sum(rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{}[$__rate_interval]) * 1000) by (instance, pod)`<br/>`max(greptime_cpu_limit_in_millicores{app="greptime-metasrv"})` | `timeseries` | Current cpu usage by instance | `prometheus` | `none` | `[{{ instance }}]-[{{ pod }}]` |
+| Flownode Memory per Instance | `sum(process_resident_memory_bytes{}) by (instance, pod)`<br/>`max(greptime_memory_limit_in_bytes{app="greptime-flownode"})` | `timeseries` | Current memory usage by instance | `prometheus` | `bytes` | `[{{ instance }}]-[{{ pod }}]` |
+| Flownode CPU Usage per Instance | `sum(rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{}[$__rate_interval]) * 1000) by (instance, pod)`<br/>`max(greptime_cpu_limit_in_millicores{app="greptime-flownode"})` | `timeseries` | Current cpu usage by instance | `prometheus` | `none` | `[{{ instance }}]-[{{ pod }}]` |
+# Frontend Requests
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| HTTP QPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, path, method, code) (rate(greptime_servers_http_requests_elapsed_count{path!~"/health\|/metrics"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | HTTP QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `reqps` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{path}}]-[{{method}}]-[{{code}}]` |
+| HTTP P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, path, method, code) (rate(greptime_servers_http_requests_elapsed_bucket{path!~"/health\|/metrics"}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | HTTP P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{path}}]-[{{method}}]-[{{code}}]-p99` |
+| gRPC QPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, path, code) (rate(greptime_servers_grpc_requests_elapsed_count{}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | gRPC QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `reqps` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{path}}]-[{{code}}]` |
+| gRPC P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, path, code) (rate(greptime_servers_grpc_requests_elapsed_bucket{}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | gRPC P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{path}}]-[{{method}}]-[{{code}}]-p99` |
+| MySQL QPS per Instance | `sum by(pod, instance)(rate(greptime_servers_mysql_query_elapsed_count{}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | MySQL QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `reqps` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]` |
+| MySQL P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(pod, instance, le) (rate(greptime_servers_mysql_query_elapsed_bucket{}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | MySQL P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{ instance }}]-[{{ pod }}]-p99` |
+| PostgreSQL QPS per Instance | `sum by(pod, instance)(rate(greptime_servers_postgres_query_elapsed_count{}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | PostgreSQL QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `reqps` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]` |
+| PostgreSQL P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(pod,instance,le) (rate(greptime_servers_postgres_query_elapsed_bucket{}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | PostgreSQL P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-p99` |
+# Frontend to Datanode
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Ingest Rows per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod)(rate(greptime_table_operator_ingest_rows{}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Ingestion rate by row as in each frontend | `prometheus` | `rowsps` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]` |
+| Region Call QPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, request_type) (rate(greptime_grpc_region_request_count{}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Region Call QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `ops` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{request_type}}]` |
+| Region Call P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, request_type) (rate(greptime_grpc_region_request_bucket{}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Region Call P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{request_type}}]` |
+| Frontend Handle Bulk Insert Elapsed Time  | `sum by(instance, pod, stage) (rate(greptime_table_operator_handle_bulk_insert_sum[$__rate_interval]))/sum by(instance, pod, stage) (rate(greptime_table_operator_handle_bulk_insert_count[$__rate_interval]))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, stage, le) (rate(greptime_table_operator_handle_bulk_insert_bucket[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Per-stage time for frontend to handle bulk insert requests | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{stage}}]-AVG` |
+# Mito Engine
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Request OPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, type) (rate(greptime_mito_handle_request_elapsed_count{}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Request QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `ops` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{type}}]` |
+| Request P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, type) (rate(greptime_mito_handle_request_elapsed_bucket{}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Request P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{type}}]` |
+| Write Buffer per Instance | `greptime_mito_write_buffer_bytes{}` | `timeseries` | Write Buffer per Instance. | `prometheus` | `decbytes` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]` |
+| Write Rows per Instance | `sum by (instance, pod) (rate(greptime_mito_write_rows_total{}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Ingestion size by row counts. | `prometheus` | `rowsps` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]` |
+| Flush OPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, reason) (rate(greptime_mito_flush_requests_total{}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Flush QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `ops` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{reason}}]` |
+| Write Stall per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod) (greptime_mito_write_stall_total{})` | `timeseries` | Write Stall per Instance. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]` |
+| Read Stage OPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod) (rate(greptime_mito_read_stage_elapsed_count{ stage="total"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Read Stage OPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `ops` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]` |
+| Read Stage P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, stage) (rate(greptime_mito_read_stage_elapsed_bucket{}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Read Stage P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{stage}}]` |
+| Write Stage P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, stage) (rate(greptime_mito_write_stage_elapsed_bucket{}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Write Stage P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{stage}}]` |
+| Compaction OPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod) (rate(greptime_mito_compaction_total_elapsed_count{}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Compaction OPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `ops` | `[{{ instance }}]-[{{pod}}]` |
+| Compaction Elapsed Time per Instance by Stage | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, stage) (rate(greptime_mito_compaction_stage_elapsed_bucket{}[$__rate_interval])))`<br/>`sum by(instance, pod, stage) (rate(greptime_mito_compaction_stage_elapsed_sum{}[$__rate_interval]))/sum by(instance, pod, stage) (rate(greptime_mito_compaction_stage_elapsed_count{}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Compaction latency by stage | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{stage}}]-p99` |
+| Compaction P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le,stage) (rate(greptime_mito_compaction_total_elapsed_bucket{}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Compaction P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{stage}}]-compaction` |
+| WAL write size | `histogram_quantile(0.95, sum by(le,instance, pod) (rate(raft_engine_write_size_bucket[$__rate_interval])))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(le,instance,pod) (rate(raft_engine_write_size_bucket[$__rate_interval])))`<br/>`sum by (instance, pod)(rate(raft_engine_write_size_sum[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Write-ahead logs write size as bytes. This chart includes stats of p95 and p99 size by instance, total WAL write rate. | `prometheus` | `bytes` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-req-size-p95` |
+| Cached Bytes per Instance | `greptime_mito_cache_bytes{}` | `timeseries` | Cached Bytes per Instance. | `prometheus` | `decbytes` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{type}}]` |
+| Inflight Compaction | `greptime_mito_inflight_compaction_count` | `timeseries` | Ongoing compaction task count | `prometheus` | `none` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]` |
+| WAL sync duration seconds | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(le, type, node, instance, pod) (rate(raft_engine_sync_log_duration_seconds_bucket[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Raft engine (local disk) log store sync latency, p99 | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-p99` |
+| Log Store op duration seconds | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(le,logstore,optype,instance, pod) (rate(greptime_logstore_op_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Write-ahead log operations latency at p99 | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{logstore}}]-[{{optype}}]-p99` |
+| Inflight Flush | `greptime_mito_inflight_flush_count` | `timeseries` | Ongoing flush task count | `prometheus` | `none` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]` |
+| Compaction Input/Output Bytes | `sum by(instance, pod) (greptime_mito_compaction_input_bytes)`<br/>`sum by(instance, pod) (greptime_mito_compaction_output_bytes)` | `timeseries` | Compaction oinput output bytes | `prometheus` | `bytes` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-input` |
+| Region Worker Handle Bulk Insert Requests | `histogram_quantile(0.95, sum by(le,instance, stage, pod) (rate(greptime_region_worker_handle_write_bucket[$__rate_interval])))`<br/>`sum by(instance, stage, pod) (rate(greptime_region_worker_handle_write_sum[$__rate_interval]))/sum by(instance, stage, pod) (rate(greptime_region_worker_handle_write_count[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Per-stage elapsed time for region worker to handle bulk insert region requests. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{stage}}]-P95` |
+| Active Series and Field Builders Count | `sum by(instance, pod) (greptime_mito_memtable_active_series_count)`<br/>`sum by(instance, pod) (greptime_mito_memtable_field_builder_count)` | `timeseries` | Compaction oinput output bytes | `prometheus` | `none` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-series` |
+| Region Worker Convert Requests | `histogram_quantile(0.95, sum by(le, instance, stage, pod) (rate(greptime_datanode_convert_region_request_bucket[$__rate_interval])))`<br/>`sum by(le,instance, stage, pod) (rate(greptime_datanode_convert_region_request_sum[$__rate_interval]))/sum by(le,instance, stage, pod) (rate(greptime_datanode_convert_region_request_count[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Per-stage elapsed time for region worker to decode requests. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{stage}}]-P95` |
+| Cache Miss | `sum by (instance,pod, type) (rate(greptime_mito_cache_miss{}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | The local cache miss of the datanode. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{type}}]` |
+# OpenDAL
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| QPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, scheme, operation) (rate(opendal_operation_duration_seconds_count{}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `ops` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]-[{{operation}}]` |
+| Read QPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, scheme, operation) (rate(opendal_operation_duration_seconds_count{ operation=~"read\|Reader::read"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Read QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `ops` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]-[{{operation}}]` |
+| Read P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, scheme, operation) (rate(opendal_operation_duration_seconds_bucket{operation=~"read\|Reader::read"}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Read P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]-[{{operation}}]` |
+| Write QPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, scheme, operation) (rate(opendal_operation_duration_seconds_count{ operation=~"write\|Writer::write\|Writer::close"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Write QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `ops` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]-[{{operation}}]` |
+| Write P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, scheme, operation) (rate(opendal_operation_duration_seconds_bucket{ operation =~ "Writer::write\|Writer::close\|write"}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Write P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]-[{{operation}}]` |
+| List QPS per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, scheme) (rate(opendal_operation_duration_seconds_count{ operation="list"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | List QPS per Instance. | `prometheus` | `ops` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]` |
+| List P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, scheme) (rate(opendal_operation_duration_seconds_bucket{ operation="list"}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | List P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]` |
+| Other Requests per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, scheme, operation) (rate(opendal_operation_duration_seconds_count{operation!~"read\|write\|list\|stat"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Other Requests per Instance. | `prometheus` | `ops` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]-[{{operation}}]` |
+| Other Request P99 per Instance | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(instance, pod, le, scheme, operation) (rate(opendal_operation_duration_seconds_bucket{ operation!~"read\|write\|list\|Writer::write\|Writer::close\|Reader::read"}[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Other Request P99 per Instance. | `prometheus` | `s` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]-[{{operation}}]` |
+| Opendal traffic | `sum by(instance, pod, scheme, operation) (rate(opendal_operation_bytes_sum{}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Total traffic as in bytes by instance and operation | `prometheus` | `decbytes` | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]-[{{operation}}]` |
+| OpenDAL errors per Instance | `sum by(instance, pod, scheme, operation, error) (rate(opendal_operation_errors_total{ error!="NotFound"}[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | OpenDAL error counts per Instance. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{scheme}}]-[{{operation}}]-[{{error}}]` |
+# Remote WAL
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Triggered region flush total | `meta_triggered_region_flush_total` | `timeseries` | Triggered region flush total | `prometheus` | `none` | `{{pod}}-{{topic_name}}` |
+| Triggered region checkpoint total | `meta_triggered_region_checkpoint_total` | `timeseries` | Triggered region checkpoint total | `prometheus` | `none` | `{{pod}}-{{topic_name}}` |
+| Topic estimated replay size | `meta_topic_estimated_replay_size` | `timeseries` | Topic estimated max replay size | `prometheus` | `bytes` | `{{pod}}-{{topic_name}}` |
+| Kafka logstore's bytes traffic | `rate(greptime_logstore_kafka_client_bytes_total[$__rate_interval])` | `timeseries` | Kafka logstore's bytes traffic | `prometheus` | `bytes` | `{{pod}}-{{logstore}}` |
+# Metasrv
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Region migration datanode | `greptime_meta_region_migration_stat{datanode_type="src"}`<br/>`greptime_meta_region_migration_stat{datanode_type="desc"}` | `status-history` | Counter of region migration by source and destination | `prometheus` | -- | `from-datanode-{{datanode_id}}` |
+| Region migration error | `greptime_meta_region_migration_error` | `timeseries` | Counter of region migration error | `prometheus` | `none` | `{{pod}}-{{state}}-{{error_type}}` |
+| Datanode load | `greptime_datanode_load` | `timeseries` | Gauge of load information of each datanode, collected via heartbeat between datanode and metasrv. This information is for metasrv to schedule workloads. | `prometheus` | `binBps` | `Datanode-{{datanode_id}}-writeload` |
+| Rate of SQL Executions (RDS) | `rate(greptime_meta_rds_pg_sql_execute_elapsed_ms_count[$__rate_interval])` | `timeseries` | Displays the rate of SQL executions processed by the Meta service using the RDS backend. | `prometheus` | `none` | `{{pod}} {{op}} {{type}} {{result}} ` |
+| SQL Execution Latency (RDS) | `histogram_quantile(0.90, sum by(pod, op, type, result, le) (rate(greptime_meta_rds_pg_sql_execute_elapsed_ms_bucket[$__rate_interval])))` | `timeseries` | Measures the response time of SQL executions via the RDS backend.  | `prometheus` | `ms` | `{{pod}} {{op}} {{type}} {{result}} p90` |
+| Handler Execution Latency | `histogram_quantile(0.90, sum by(pod, le, name) (
+  rate(greptime_meta_handler_execute_bucket[$__rate_interval])
+))` | `timeseries` | Shows latency of Meta handlers by pod and handler name, useful for monitoring handler performance and detecting latency spikes.<br/> | `prometheus` | `s` | `{{pod}} {{name}} p90` |
+| Heartbeat Packet Size | `histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(pod, le) (greptime_meta_heartbeat_stat_memory_size_bucket))` | `timeseries` | Shows p90 heartbeat message sizes, helping track network usage and identify anomalies in heartbeat payload.<br/> | `prometheus` | `bytes` | `{{pod}}` |
+| Meta Heartbeat Receive Rate | `rate(greptime_meta_heartbeat_rate[$__rate_interval])` | `timeseries` | Gauge of load information of each datanode, collected via heartbeat between datanode and metasrv. This information is for metasrv to schedule workloads. | `prometheus` | `s` | `{{pod}}` |
+| Meta KV Ops Latency | `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(pod, le, op, target) (greptime_meta_kv_request_elapsed_bucket))` | `timeseries` | Gauge of load information of each datanode, collected via heartbeat between datanode and metasrv. This information is for metasrv to schedule workloads. | `prometheus` | `s` | `{{pod}}-{{op}} p99` |
+| Rate of meta KV Ops | `rate(greptime_meta_kv_request_elapsed_count[$__rate_interval])` | `timeseries` | Gauge of load information of each datanode, collected via heartbeat between datanode and metasrv. This information is for metasrv to schedule workloads. | `prometheus` | `none` | `{{pod}}-{{op}} p99` |
+| DDL Latency | `histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_create_tables_bucket))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_create_table))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_create_view))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_create_flow))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_drop_table))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by(le, pod, step) (greptime_meta_procedure_alter_table))` | `timeseries` | Gauge of load information of each datanode, collected via heartbeat between datanode and metasrv. This information is for metasrv to schedule workloads. | `prometheus` | `s` | `CreateLogicalTables-{{step}} p90` |
+| Reconciliation stats | `greptime_meta_reconciliation_stats` | `timeseries` | Reconciliation stats | `prometheus` | `s` | `{{pod}}-{{table_type}}-{{type}}` |
+| Reconciliation steps | `histogram_quantile(0.9, greptime_meta_reconciliation_procedure_bucket)` | `timeseries` | Elapsed of Reconciliation steps  | `prometheus` | `s` | `{{procedure_name}}-{{step}}-P90` |
+# Flownode
+| Title | Query | Type | Description | Datasource | Unit | Legend Format |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Flow Ingest / Output Rate | `sum by(instance, pod, direction) (rate(greptime_flow_processed_rows[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Flow Ingest / Output Rate. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{pod}}]-[{{instance}}]-[{{direction}}]` |
+| Flow Ingest Latency | `histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(greptime_flow_insert_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])) by (le, instance, pod))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.99, sum(rate(greptime_flow_insert_elapsed_bucket[$__rate_interval])) by (le, instance, pod))` | `timeseries` | Flow Ingest Latency. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-p95` |
+| Flow Operation Latency | `histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(greptime_flow_processing_time_bucket[$__rate_interval])) by (le,instance,pod,type))`<br/>`histogram_quantile(0.99, sum(rate(greptime_flow_processing_time_bucket[$__rate_interval])) by (le,instance,pod,type))` | `timeseries` | Flow Operation Latency. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{type}}]-p95` |
+| Flow Buffer Size per Instance | `greptime_flow_input_buf_size` | `timeseries` | Flow Buffer Size per Instance. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}]` |
+| Flow Processing Error per Instance | `sum by(instance,pod,code) (rate(greptime_flow_errors[$__rate_interval]))` | `timeseries` | Flow Processing Error per Instance. | `prometheus` | -- | `[{{instance}}]-[{{pod}}]-[{{code}}]` |

grafana/scripts/check.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+DASHBOARD_DIR=${1:-grafana/dashboards/metrics}
+
+check_dashboard_description() {
+  for dashboard in $(find $DASHBOARD_DIR -name "*.json"); do
+    echo "Checking $dashboard description"
+
+    # Use jq to check for panels with empty or missing descriptions
+    invalid_panels=$(cat $dashboard | jq -r '
+      .panels[]
+    | select((.type == "stats" or .type == "timeseries") and (.description == "" or .description == null))')
+
+    # Check if any invalid panels were found
+    if [[ -n "$invalid_panels" ]]; then
+      echo "Error: The following panels have empty or missing descriptions:"
+      echo "$invalid_panels"
+      exit 1
+    else
+      echo "All panels with type 'stats' or 'timeseries' have valid descriptions."
+    fi
+  done
+}
+
+check_dashboards_generation() {
+  ./grafana/scripts/gen-dashboards.sh
+
+  if [[ -n "$(git diff --name-only grafana/dashboards/metrics)" ]]; then
+    echo "Error: The dashboards are not generated correctly. You should execute the 'make dashboards' command."
+    exit 1
+  fi
+}
+
+check_datasource() {
+  for dashboard in $(find $DASHBOARD_DIR -name "*.json"); do
+    echo "Checking $dashboard datasource"
+    jq -r '.panels[] | select(.type != "row") | .targets[] | [.datasource.type, .datasource.uid] | @tsv' $dashboard | while read -r type uid; do
+    # if the datasource is prometheus, check if the uid is ${metrics}
+    if [[ "$type" == "prometheus" && "$uid" != "\${metrics}" ]]; then
+      echo "Error: The datasource uid of $dashboard is not valid. It should be \${metrics}, got $uid"
+      exit 1
+    fi
+    # if the datasource is mysql, check if the uid is ${information_schema}
+    if [[ "$type" == "mysql" && "$uid" != "\${information_schema}" ]]; then
+      echo "Error: The datasource uid of $dashboard is not valid. It should be \${information_schema}, got $uid"
+      exit 1
+    fi
+    done
+  done
+}
+
+check_dashboards_generation
+check_dashboard_description
+check_datasource

grafana/scripts/gen-dashboards.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
+
+CLUSTER_DASHBOARD_DIR=${1:-grafana/dashboards/metrics/cluster}
+STANDALONE_DASHBOARD_DIR=${2:-grafana/dashboards/metrics/standalone}
+DAC_IMAGE=ghcr.io/zyy17/dac:20250423-522bd35
+
+remove_instance_filters() {
+  # Remove the instance filters for the standalone dashboards.
+  sed -E 's/instance=~\\"(\$datanode|\$frontend|\$metasrv|\$flownode)\\",?//g' "$CLUSTER_DASHBOARD_DIR/dashboard.json" > "$STANDALONE_DASHBOARD_DIR/dashboard.json"
+}
+
+generate_intermediate_dashboards_and_docs() {
+  docker run -v ${PWD}:/greptimedb --rm ${DAC_IMAGE} \
+    -i /greptimedb/$CLUSTER_DASHBOARD_DIR/dashboard.json \
+    -o /greptimedb/$CLUSTER_DASHBOARD_DIR/dashboard.yaml \
+    -m /greptimedb/$CLUSTER_DASHBOARD_DIR/dashboard.md
+
+  docker run -v ${PWD}:/greptimedb --rm ${DAC_IMAGE} \
+    -i /greptimedb/$STANDALONE_DASHBOARD_DIR/dashboard.json \
+    -o /greptimedb/$STANDALONE_DASHBOARD_DIR/dashboard.yaml \
+    -m /greptimedb/$STANDALONE_DASHBOARD_DIR/dashboard.md
+}
+
+remove_instance_filters
+generate_intermediate_dashboards_and_docs

grafana/summary.sh

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-BASEDIR=$(dirname "$0")
-echo '| Title | Description | Expressions |
-|---|---|---|'
-
-cat $BASEDIR/greptimedb-cluster.json | jq -r '
-  .panels |
-  map(select(.type == "stat" or .type == "timeseries")) |
-  .[] | "| \(.title) | \(.description | gsub("\n"; "<br>")) | \(.targets | map(.expr // .rawSql | "`\(.|gsub("\n"; "<br>"))`")  | join("<br>")) |"
-'

licenserc.toml

@@ -26,6 +26,17 @@ excludes = [
     "src/common/base/src/secrets.rs",
     "src/servers/src/repeated_field.rs",
     "src/servers/src/http/test_helpers.rs",
+    # enterprise
+    "src/common/meta/src/rpc/ddl/trigger.rs",
+    "src/operator/src/expr_helper/trigger.rs",
+    "src/sql/src/statements/alter/trigger.rs",
+    "src/sql/src/statements/create/trigger.rs",
+    "src/sql/src/statements/show/trigger.rs",
+    "src/sql/src/statements/drop/trigger.rs",
+    "src/sql/src/parsers/alter_parser/trigger.rs",
+    "src/sql/src/parsers/create_parser/trigger.rs",
+    "src/sql/src/parsers/show_parser/trigger.rs",
+    "src/mito2/src/extension.rs",
 ]
 
 [properties]

rust-toolchain.toml

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 [toolchain]
-channel = "nightly-2024-12-25"
+channel = "nightly-2025-05-19"

scripts/check-super-imports.py

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import os
+from multiprocessing import Pool
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def find_rust_files(directory):
+    rust_files = []
+    for root, _, files in os.walk(directory):
+        # Skip files with "test" in the path
+        if "test" in root.lower():
+            continue
+
+        # Skip the target directory
+        if "target" in Path(root).parts:
+            continue
+
+        for file in files:
+            # Skip files with "test" in the filename
+            if "test" in file.lower():
+                continue
+
+            if file.endswith(".rs"):
+                rust_files.append(os.path.join(root, file))
+    return rust_files
+
+
+def check_file_for_super_import(file_path):
+    with open(file_path, "r") as file:
+        lines = file.readlines()
+
+    violations = []
+    for line_number, line in enumerate(lines, 1):
+        # Check for "use super::" without leading tab
+        if line.startswith("use super::"):
+            violations.append((line_number, line.strip()))
+
+    if violations:
+        return file_path, violations
+    return None
+
+
+def main():
+    rust_files = find_rust_files(".")
+
+    with Pool() as pool:
+        results = pool.map(check_file_for_super_import, rust_files)
+
+    # Filter out None results
+    violations = [result for result in results if result]
+
+    if violations:
+        print("Found 'use super::' without leading tab in the following files:")
+        counter = 1
+        for file_path, file_violations in violations:
+            for line_number, line in file_violations:
+                print(f"{counter:>5} {file_path}:{line_number} - {line}")
+                counter += 1
+        raise SystemExit(1)
+    else:
+        print("No 'use super::' without leading tab found. All files are compliant.")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

scripts/fix-udeps.py

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import json
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+
+
+def load_udeps_report(report_path):
+    try:
+        with open(report_path, "r") as f:
+            return json.load(f)
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        print(f"Error: Report file '{report_path}' not found.")
+        return None
+    except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
+        print(f"Error: Invalid JSON in report file: {e}")
+        return None
+
+
+def extract_unused_dependencies(report):
+    """
+    Extract and organize unused dependencies from the cargo-udeps JSON report.
+
+    The cargo-udeps report has this structure:
+    {
+        "unused_deps": {
+            "package_name v0.1.0 (/path/to/package)": {
+                "normal": ["dep1", "dep2"],
+                "development": ["dev_dep1"],
+                "build": ["build_dep1"],
+                "manifest_path": "/path/to/Cargo.toml"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Args:
+        report (dict): The parsed JSON report from cargo-udeps
+
+    Returns:
+        dict: Organized unused dependencies by package name:
+        {
+            "package_name": {
+                "dependencies": [("dep1", "normal"), ("dev_dep1", "dev")],
+                "manifest_path": "/path/to/Cargo.toml"
+            }
+        }
+    """
+    if not report or "unused_deps" not in report:
+        return {}
+
+    unused_deps = {}
+    for package_full_name, deps_info in report["unused_deps"].items():
+        package_name = package_full_name.split(" ")[0]
+
+        all_unused = []
+        if deps_info.get("normal"):
+            all_unused.extend([(dep, "normal") for dep in deps_info["normal"]])
+        if deps_info.get("development"):
+            all_unused.extend([(dep, "dev") for dep in deps_info["development"]])
+        if deps_info.get("build"):
+            all_unused.extend([(dep, "build") for dep in deps_info["build"]])
+
+        if all_unused:
+            unused_deps[package_name] = {
+                "dependencies": all_unused,
+                "manifest_path": deps_info.get("manifest_path", "unknown"),
+            }
+
+    return unused_deps
+
+
+def get_section_pattern(dep_type):
+    """
+    Get regex patterns to identify different dependency sections in Cargo.toml.
+
+    Args:
+        dep_type (str): Type of dependency ("normal", "dev", or "build")
+
+    Returns:
+        list: List of regex patterns to match the appropriate section headers
+
+    """
+    patterns = {
+        "normal": [r"\[dependencies\]", r"\[dependencies\..*?\]"],
+        "dev": [r"\[dev-dependencies\]", r"\[dev-dependencies\..*?\]"],
+        "build": [r"\[build-dependencies\]", r"\[build-dependencies\..*?\]"],
+    }
+    return patterns.get(dep_type, [])
+
+
+def remove_dependency_line(content, dep_name, section_start, section_end):
+    """
+    Remove a dependency line from a specific section of a Cargo.toml file.
+
+    Args:
+        content (str): The entire content of the Cargo.toml file
+        dep_name (str): Name of the dependency to remove (e.g., "serde", "tokio")
+        section_start (int): Starting position of the section in the content
+        section_end (int): Ending position of the section in the content
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple: (new_content, removed) where:
+            - new_content (str): The modified content with dependency removed
+            - removed (bool): True if dependency was found and removed, False otherwise
+
+    Example input content format:
+        content = '''
+        [package]
+        name = "my-crate"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+
+        [dependencies]
+        serde = "1.0"
+        tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }
+        serde_json.workspace = true
+
+        [dev-dependencies]
+        tempfile = "3.0"
+        '''
+
+        # If dep_name = "serde", section_start = start of [dependencies],
+        # section_end = start of [dev-dependencies], this function will:
+        # 1. Extract the section: "serde = "1.0"\ntokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }\nserde_json.workspace = true\n"
+        # 2. Find and remove the line: "serde = "1.0""
+        # 3. Return the modified content with that line removed
+    """
+    section_content = content[section_start:section_end]
+
+    dep_patterns = [
+        rf"^{re.escape(dep_name)}\s*=.*$",  # e.g., "serde = "1.0""
+        rf"^{re.escape(dep_name)}\.workspace\s*=.*$",  # e.g., "serde_json.workspace = true"
+    ]
+
+    for pattern in dep_patterns:
+        match = re.search(pattern, section_content, re.MULTILINE)
+        if match:
+            line_start = section_start + match.start()  # Start of the matched line
+            line_end = section_start + match.end()  # End of the matched line
+
+            if line_end < len(content) and content[line_end] == "\n":
+                line_end += 1
+
+            return content[:line_start] + content[line_end:], True
+
+    return content, False
+
+
+def remove_dependency_from_toml(file_path, dep_name, dep_type):
+    """
+    Remove a specific dependency from a Cargo.toml file.
+
+    Args:
+        file_path (str): Path to the Cargo.toml file
+        dep_name (str): Name of the dependency to remove
+        dep_type (str): Type of dependency ("normal", "dev", or "build")
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if dependency was successfully removed, False otherwise
+    """
+    try:
+        with open(file_path, "r") as f:
+            content = f.read()
+
+        section_patterns = get_section_pattern(dep_type)
+        if not section_patterns:
+            return False
+
+        for pattern in section_patterns:
+            section_match = re.search(pattern, content, re.IGNORECASE)
+            if not section_match:
+                continue
+
+            section_start = section_match.end()
+            next_section = re.search(r"\n\s*\[", content[section_start:])
+            section_end = (
+                section_start + next_section.start() if next_section else len(content)
+            )
+
+            new_content, removed = remove_dependency_line(
+                content, dep_name, section_start, section_end
+            )
+            if removed:
+                with open(file_path, "w") as f:
+                    f.write(new_content)
+                return True
+
+        return False
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Error processing {file_path}: {e}")
+        return False
+
+
+def process_unused_dependencies(unused_deps):
+    """
+    Process and remove all unused dependencies from their respective Cargo.toml files.
+
+    Args:
+        unused_deps (dict): Dictionary of unused dependencies organized by package:
+            {
+                "package_name": {
+                    "dependencies": [("dep1", "normal"), ("dev_dep1", "dev")],
+                    "manifest_path": "/path/to/Cargo.toml"
+                }
+            }
+
+    """
+    if not unused_deps:
+        print("No unused dependencies found.")
+        return
+
+    total_removed = 0
+    total_failed = 0
+
+    for package, info in unused_deps.items():
+        deps = info["dependencies"]
+        manifest_path = info["manifest_path"]
+
+        if not os.path.exists(manifest_path):
+            print(f"Manifest file not found: {manifest_path}")
+            total_failed += len(deps)
+            continue
+
+        for dep, dep_type in deps:
+            if remove_dependency_from_toml(manifest_path, dep, dep_type):
+                print(f"Removed {dep} from {package}")
+                total_removed += 1
+            else:
+                print(f"Failed to remove {dep} from {package}")
+                total_failed += 1
+
+    print(f"Removed {total_removed} dependencies")
+    if total_failed > 0:
+        print(f"Failed to remove {total_failed} dependencies")
+
+
+def main():
+    if len(sys.argv) > 1:
+        report_path = sys.argv[1]
+    else:
+        report_path = "udeps-report.json"
+
+    report = load_udeps_report(report_path)
+    if report is None:
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    unused_deps = extract_unused_dependencies(report)
+    process_unused_dependencies(unused_deps)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

scripts/generate-etcd-tls-certs.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Generate TLS certificates for etcd testing
+# This script creates certificates for TLS-enabled etcd in testing environments
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+CERT_DIR="${1:-$(dirname "$0")/../tests-integration/fixtures/etcd-tls-certs}"
+DAYS="${2:-365}"
+
+echo "Generating TLS certificates for etcd in ${CERT_DIR}..."
+
+mkdir -p "${CERT_DIR}"
+cd "${CERT_DIR}"
+
+echo "Generating CA private key..."
+openssl genrsa -out ca-key.pem 2048
+
+echo "Generating CA certificate..."
+openssl req -new -x509 -key ca-key.pem -out ca.crt -days "${DAYS}" \
+  -subj "/C=US/ST=CA/L=SF/O=Greptime/CN=etcd-ca"
+
+# Create server certificate config with Subject Alternative Names
+echo "Creating server certificate configuration..."
+cat > server.conf << 'EOF'
+[req]
+distinguished_name = req
+[v3_req]
+basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
+keyUsage = keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment
+subjectAltName = @alt_names
+[alt_names]
+DNS.1 = localhost
+DNS.2 = etcd-tls
+DNS.3 = 127.0.0.1
+IP.1 = 127.0.0.1
+IP.2 = ::1
+EOF
+
+echo "Generating server private key..."
+openssl genrsa -out server-key.pem 2048
+
+echo "Generating server certificate signing request..."
+openssl req -new -key server-key.pem -out server.csr \
+  -subj "/CN=etcd-tls"
+
+echo "Generating server certificate..."
+openssl x509 -req -in server.csr -CA ca.crt \
+  -CAkey ca-key.pem -CAcreateserial -out server.crt \
+  -days "${DAYS}" -extensions v3_req -extfile server.conf
+
+echo "Generating client private key..."
+openssl genrsa -out client-key.pem 2048
+
+echo "Generating client certificate signing request..."
+openssl req -new -key client-key.pem -out client.csr \
+  -subj "/CN=etcd-client"
+
+echo "Generating client certificate..."
+openssl x509 -req -in client.csr -CA ca.crt \
+  -CAkey ca-key.pem -CAcreateserial -out client.crt \
+  -days "${DAYS}"
+
+echo "Setting proper file permissions..."
+chmod 644 ca.crt server.crt client.crt
+chmod 600 ca-key.pem server-key.pem client-key.pem
+
+# Clean up intermediate files
+rm -f server.csr client.csr server.conf
+
+echo "TLS certificates generated successfully in ${CERT_DIR}"

scripts/install.sh

@@ -53,6 +53,54 @@ get_arch_type() {
   esac
 }
 
+# Verify SHA256 checksum
+verify_sha256() {
+  file="$1"
+  expected_sha256="$2"
+
+  if command -v sha256sum >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    actual_sha256=$(sha256sum "$file" | cut -d' ' -f1)
+  elif command -v shasum >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    actual_sha256=$(shasum -a 256 "$file" | cut -d' ' -f1)
+  else
+    echo "Warning: No SHA256 verification tool found (sha256sum or shasum). Skipping checksum verification."
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  if [ "$actual_sha256" = "$expected_sha256" ]; then
+    echo "SHA256 checksum verified successfully."
+    return 0
+  else
+    echo "Error: SHA256 checksum verification failed!"
+    echo "Expected: $expected_sha256"
+    echo "Actual: $actual_sha256"
+    return 1
+  fi
+}
+
+# Prompt for user confirmation (compatible with different shells)
+prompt_confirmation() {
+  message="$1"
+  printf "%s (y/N): " "$message"
+
+  # Try to read user input, fallback if read fails
+  answer=""
+  if read answer </dev/tty 2>/dev/null; then
+    case "$answer" in
+      [Yy]|[Yy][Ee][Ss])
+        return 0
+        ;;
+      *)
+        return 1
+        ;;
+    esac
+  else
+    echo ""
+    echo "Cannot read user input. Defaulting to No."
+    return 1
+  fi
+}
+
 download_artifact() {
   if [ -n "${OS_TYPE}" ] && [ -n "${ARCH_TYPE}" ]; then
     # Use the latest stable released version.
@@ -71,17 +119,104 @@ download_artifact() {
     fi
 
     echo "Downloading ${BIN}, OS: ${OS_TYPE}, Arch: ${ARCH_TYPE}, Version: ${VERSION}"
-    PACKAGE_NAME="${BIN}-${OS_TYPE}-${ARCH_TYPE}-${VERSION}.tar.gz"
+    PKG_NAME="${BIN}-${OS_TYPE}-${ARCH_TYPE}-${VERSION}"
+    PACKAGE_NAME="${PKG_NAME}.tar.gz"
+    SHA256_FILE="${PKG_NAME}.sha256sum"
 
     if [ -n "${PACKAGE_NAME}" ]; then
-      wget "https://github.com/${GITHUB_ORG}/${GITHUB_REPO}/releases/download/${VERSION}/${PACKAGE_NAME}"
+      # Check if files already exist and prompt for override
+      if [ -f "${PACKAGE_NAME}" ]; then
+        echo "File ${PACKAGE_NAME} already exists."
+        if prompt_confirmation "Do you want to override it?"; then
+          echo "Overriding existing file..."
+          rm -f "${PACKAGE_NAME}"
+        else
+          echo "Skipping download. Using existing file."
+        fi
+      fi
+
+      if [ -f "${BIN}" ]; then
+        echo "Binary ${BIN} already exists."
+        if prompt_confirmation "Do you want to override it?"; then
+          echo "Will override existing binary..."
+          rm -f "${BIN}"
+        else
+          echo "Installation cancelled."
+          exit 0
+        fi
+      fi
+
+      # Download package if not exists
+      if [ ! -f "${PACKAGE_NAME}" ]; then
+        echo "Downloading ${PACKAGE_NAME}..."
+        # Use curl instead of wget for better compatibility
+        if command -v curl >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+          if ! curl -L -o "${PACKAGE_NAME}" "https://github.com/${GITHUB_ORG}/${GITHUB_REPO}/releases/download/${VERSION}/${PACKAGE_NAME}"; then
+            echo "Error: Failed to download ${PACKAGE_NAME}"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+        elif command -v wget >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+          if ! wget -O "${PACKAGE_NAME}" "https://github.com/${GITHUB_ORG}/${GITHUB_REPO}/releases/download/${VERSION}/${PACKAGE_NAME}"; then
+            echo "Error: Failed to download ${PACKAGE_NAME}"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+        else
+          echo "Error: Neither curl nor wget is available for downloading."
+          exit 1
+        fi
+      fi
+
+      # Download and verify SHA256 checksum
+      echo "Downloading SHA256 checksum..."
+      sha256_download_success=0
+      if command -v curl >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        if curl -L -s -o "${SHA256_FILE}" "https://github.com/${GITHUB_ORG}/${GITHUB_REPO}/releases/download/${VERSION}/${SHA256_FILE}" 2>/dev/null; then
+          sha256_download_success=1
+        fi
+      elif command -v wget >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        if wget -q -O "${SHA256_FILE}" "https://github.com/${GITHUB_ORG}/${GITHUB_REPO}/releases/download/${VERSION}/${SHA256_FILE}" 2>/dev/null; then
+          sha256_download_success=1
+        fi
+      fi
+
+      if [ $sha256_download_success -eq 1 ] && [ -f "${SHA256_FILE}" ]; then
+        expected_sha256=$(cat "${SHA256_FILE}" | cut -d' ' -f1)
+        if [ -n "$expected_sha256" ]; then
+          if ! verify_sha256 "${PACKAGE_NAME}" "${expected_sha256}"; then
+            echo "SHA256 verification failed. Removing downloaded file."
+            rm -f "${PACKAGE_NAME}" "${SHA256_FILE}"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+        else
+          echo "Warning: Could not parse SHA256 checksum from file."
+        fi
+        rm -f "${SHA256_FILE}"
+      else
+        echo "Warning: Could not download SHA256 checksum file. Skipping verification."
+      fi
 
       # Extract the binary and clean the rest.
-      tar xvf "${PACKAGE_NAME}" && \
+      echo "Extracting ${PACKAGE_NAME}..."
-      mv "${PACKAGE_NAME%.tar.gz}/${BIN}" "${PWD}" && \
+      if ! tar xf "${PACKAGE_NAME}"; then
-      rm -r "${PACKAGE_NAME}" && \
+        echo "Error: Failed to extract ${PACKAGE_NAME}"
-      rm -r "${PACKAGE_NAME%.tar.gz}" && \
+        exit 1
+      fi
+
+      # Find the binary in the extracted directory
+      extracted_dir="${PACKAGE_NAME%.tar.gz}"
+      if [ -f "${extracted_dir}/${BIN}" ]; then
+        mv "${extracted_dir}/${BIN}" "${PWD}/"
+        rm -f "${PACKAGE_NAME}"
+        rm -rf "${extracted_dir}"
+        chmod +x "${BIN}"
+        echo "Installation completed successfully!"
         echo "Run './${BIN} --help' to get started"
+      else
+        echo "Error: Binary ${BIN} not found in extracted archive"
+        rm -f "${PACKAGE_NAME}"
+        rm -rf "${extracted_dir}"
+        exit 1
+      fi
     fi
   fi
 }

src/api/Cargo.toml

@@ -19,6 +19,3 @@ paste.workspace = true
 prost.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
 snafu.workspace = true
-
-[build-dependencies]
-tonic-build = "0.11"

src/api/src/error.rs

@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@ use std::any::Any;
 use common_error::ext::ErrorExt;
 use common_error::status_code::StatusCode;
 use common_macro::stack_trace_debug;
+use common_time::timestamp::TimeUnit;
 use datatypes::prelude::ConcreteDataType;
-use snafu::prelude::*;
 use snafu::Location;
+use snafu::prelude::*;
 
 pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
 
@@ -66,12 +67,28 @@ pub enum Error {
         #[snafu(implicit)]
         location: Location,
     },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Invalid time unit: {time_unit}"))]
+    InvalidTimeUnit {
+        time_unit: i32,
+        #[snafu(implicit)]
+        location: Location,
+    },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Inconsistent time unit: {:?}", units))]
+    InconsistentTimeUnit {
+        units: Vec<TimeUnit>,
+        #[snafu(implicit)]
+        location: Location,
+    },
 }
 
 impl ErrorExt for Error {
     fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
         match self {
-            Error::UnknownColumnDataType { .. } => StatusCode::InvalidArguments,
+            Error::UnknownColumnDataType { .. }
+            | Error::InvalidTimeUnit { .. }
+            | Error::InconsistentTimeUnit { .. } => StatusCode::InvalidArguments,
             Error::IntoColumnDataType { .. } | Error::SerializeJson { .. } => {
                 StatusCode::Unexpected
             }

src/api/src/helper.rs

@@ -12,18 +12,19 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use common_base::BitVec;
-use common_decimal::decimal128::{DECIMAL128_DEFAULT_SCALE, DECIMAL128_MAX_PRECISION};
 use common_decimal::Decimal128;
+use common_decimal::decimal128::{DECIMAL128_DEFAULT_SCALE, DECIMAL128_MAX_PRECISION};
 use common_time::time::Time;
 use common_time::timestamp::TimeUnit;
 use common_time::{Date, IntervalDayTime, IntervalMonthDayNano, IntervalYearMonth, Timestamp};
 use datatypes::prelude::{ConcreteDataType, ValueRef};
 use datatypes::scalars::ScalarVector;
 use datatypes::types::{
-    Int16Type, Int8Type, IntervalType, TimeType, TimestampType, UInt16Type, UInt8Type,
+    Int8Type, Int16Type, IntervalType, TimeType, TimestampType, UInt8Type, UInt16Type,
 };
 use datatypes::value::{OrderedF32, OrderedF64, Value};
 use datatypes::vectors::{
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ use greptime_proto::v1::{
 use paste::paste;
 use snafu::prelude::*;
 
-use crate::error::{self, Result};
+use crate::error::{self, InconsistentTimeUnitSnafu, InvalidTimeUnitSnafu, Result};
 use crate::v1::column::Values;
 use crate::v1::{Column, ColumnDataType, Value as GrpcValue};
 
@@ -291,9 +292,10 @@ impl TryFrom<ConcreteDataType> for ColumnDataTypeWrapper {
             ConcreteDataType::Vector(_) => ColumnDataType::Vector,
             ConcreteDataType::Null(_)
             | ConcreteDataType::List(_)
+            | ConcreteDataType::Struct(_)
             | ConcreteDataType::Dictionary(_)
             | ConcreteDataType::Duration(_) => {
-                return error::IntoColumnDataTypeSnafu { from: datatype }.fail()
+                return error::IntoColumnDataTypeSnafu { from: datatype }.fail();
             }
         };
         let datatype_extension = match column_datatype {
@@ -514,6 +516,7 @@ fn query_request_type(request: &QueryRequest) -> &'static str {
         Some(Query::Sql(_)) => "query.sql",
         Some(Query::LogicalPlan(_)) => "query.logical_plan",
         Some(Query::PromRangeQuery(_)) => "query.prom_range",
+        Some(Query::InsertIntoPlan(_)) => "query.insert_into_plan",
         None => "query.empty",
     }
 }
@@ -702,6 +705,7 @@ pub fn pb_values_to_vector_ref(data_type: &ConcreteDataType, values: Values) ->
         ConcreteDataType::Vector(_) => Arc::new(BinaryVector::from_vec(values.binary_values)),
         ConcreteDataType::Null(_)
         | ConcreteDataType::List(_)
+        | ConcreteDataType::Struct(_)
         | ConcreteDataType::Dictionary(_)
         | ConcreteDataType::Duration(_)
         | ConcreteDataType::Json(_) => {
@@ -863,6 +867,7 @@ pub fn pb_values_to_values(data_type: &ConcreteDataType, values: Values) -> Vec<
         ConcreteDataType::Vector(_) => values.binary_values.into_iter().map(|v| v.into()).collect(),
         ConcreteDataType::Null(_)
         | ConcreteDataType::List(_)
+        | ConcreteDataType::Struct(_)
         | ConcreteDataType::Dictionary(_)
         | ConcreteDataType::Duration(_)
         | ConcreteDataType::Json(_) => {
@@ -1049,7 +1054,7 @@ pub fn value_to_grpc_value(value: Value) -> GrpcValue {
             Value::Int64(v) => Some(ValueData::I64Value(v)),
             Value::Float32(v) => Some(ValueData::F32Value(*v)),
             Value::Float64(v) => Some(ValueData::F64Value(*v)),
-            Value::String(v) => Some(ValueData::StringValue(v.as_utf8().to_string())),
+            Value::String(v) => Some(ValueData::StringValue(v.into_string())),
             Value::Binary(v) => Some(ValueData::BinaryValue(v.to_vec())),
             Value::Date(v) => Some(ValueData::DateValue(v.val())),
             Value::Timestamp(v) => Some(match v.unit() {
@@ -1075,6 +1080,89 @@ pub fn value_to_grpc_value(value: Value) -> GrpcValue {
     }
 }
 
+pub fn from_pb_time_unit(unit: v1::TimeUnit) -> TimeUnit {
+    match unit {
+        v1::TimeUnit::Second => TimeUnit::Second,
+        v1::TimeUnit::Millisecond => TimeUnit::Millisecond,
+        v1::TimeUnit::Microsecond => TimeUnit::Microsecond,
+        v1::TimeUnit::Nanosecond => TimeUnit::Nanosecond,
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn to_pb_time_unit(unit: TimeUnit) -> v1::TimeUnit {
+    match unit {
+        TimeUnit::Second => v1::TimeUnit::Second,
+        TimeUnit::Millisecond => v1::TimeUnit::Millisecond,
+        TimeUnit::Microsecond => v1::TimeUnit::Microsecond,
+        TimeUnit::Nanosecond => v1::TimeUnit::Nanosecond,
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn from_pb_time_ranges(time_ranges: v1::TimeRanges) -> Result<Vec<(Timestamp, Timestamp)>> {
+    if time_ranges.time_ranges.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(vec![]);
+    }
+    let proto_time_unit = v1::TimeUnit::try_from(time_ranges.time_unit).map_err(|_| {
+        InvalidTimeUnitSnafu {
+            time_unit: time_ranges.time_unit,
+        }
+        .build()
+    })?;
+    let time_unit = from_pb_time_unit(proto_time_unit);
+    Ok(time_ranges
+        .time_ranges
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|r| {
+            (
+                Timestamp::new(r.start, time_unit),
+                Timestamp::new(r.end, time_unit),
+            )
+        })
+        .collect())
+}
+
+/// All time_ranges must be of the same time unit.
+///
+/// if input `time_ranges` is empty, it will return a default `TimeRanges` with `Millisecond` as the time unit.
+pub fn to_pb_time_ranges(time_ranges: &[(Timestamp, Timestamp)]) -> Result<v1::TimeRanges> {
+    let is_same_time_unit = time_ranges.windows(2).all(|x| {
+        x[0].0.unit() == x[1].0.unit()
+            && x[0].1.unit() == x[1].1.unit()
+            && x[0].0.unit() == x[0].1.unit()
+    });
+
+    if !is_same_time_unit {
+        let all_time_units: Vec<_> = time_ranges
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(s, e)| [s.unit(), e.unit()])
+            .clone()
+            .flatten()
+            .collect::<HashSet<_>>()
+            .into_iter()
+            .collect();
+        InconsistentTimeUnitSnafu {
+            units: all_time_units,
+        }
+        .fail()?
+    }
+
+    let mut pb_time_ranges = v1::TimeRanges {
+        // default time unit is Millisecond
+        time_unit: v1::TimeUnit::Millisecond as i32,
+        time_ranges: Vec::with_capacity(time_ranges.len()),
+    };
+    if let Some((start, _end)) = time_ranges.first() {
+        pb_time_ranges.time_unit = to_pb_time_unit(start.unit()) as i32;
+    }
+    for (start, end) in time_ranges {
+        pb_time_ranges.time_ranges.push(v1::TimeRange {
+            start: start.value(),
+            end: end.value(),
+        });
+    }
+    Ok(pb_time_ranges)
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use std::sync::Arc;

src/api/src/region.rs

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ use greptime_proto::v1::region::RegionResponse as RegionResponseV1;
 pub struct RegionResponse {
     pub affected_rows: AffectedRows,
     pub extensions: HashMap<String, Vec<u8>>,
+    pub metadata: Vec<u8>,
 }
 
 impl RegionResponse {
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ impl RegionResponse {
         Self {
             affected_rows: region_response.affected_rows as _,
             extensions: region_response.extensions,
+            metadata: region_response.metadata,
         }
     }
 
@@ -37,6 +39,16 @@ impl RegionResponse {
         Self {
             affected_rows,
             extensions: Default::default(),
+            metadata: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates one response with metadata.
+    pub fn from_metadata(metadata: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            affected_rows: 0,
+            extensions: Default::default(),
+            metadata,
         }
     }
 }

src/api/src/v1.rs

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 pub mod column_def;
 
+pub mod helper;
+
 pub mod meta {
     pub use greptime_proto::v1::meta::*;
 }

src/api/src/v1/column_def.rs

@@ -15,13 +15,16 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use datatypes::schema::{
-    ColumnDefaultConstraint, ColumnSchema, FulltextAnalyzer, FulltextOptions, SkippingIndexOptions,
+    COMMENT_KEY, ColumnDefaultConstraint, ColumnSchema, FULLTEXT_KEY, FulltextAnalyzer,
-    SkippingIndexType, COMMENT_KEY, FULLTEXT_KEY, INVERTED_INDEX_KEY, SKIPPING_INDEX_KEY,
+    FulltextBackend, FulltextOptions, INVERTED_INDEX_KEY, SKIPPING_INDEX_KEY, SkippingIndexOptions,
+    SkippingIndexType,
+};
+use greptime_proto::v1::{
+    Analyzer, FulltextBackend as PbFulltextBackend, SkippingIndexType as PbSkippingIndexType,
 };
-use greptime_proto::v1::{Analyzer, SkippingIndexType as PbSkippingIndexType};
 use snafu::ResultExt;
 
-use crate::error::{self, Result};
+use crate::error::{self, ConvertColumnDefaultConstraintSnafu, Result};
 use crate::helper::ColumnDataTypeWrapper;
 use crate::v1::{ColumnDef, ColumnOptions, SemanticType};
 
@@ -74,6 +77,48 @@ pub fn try_as_column_schema(column_def: &ColumnDef) -> Result<ColumnSchema> {
         })
 }
 
+/// Tries to construct a `ColumnDef` from the given `ColumnSchema`.
+///
+/// TODO(weny): Add tests for this function.
+pub fn try_as_column_def(column_schema: &ColumnSchema, is_primary_key: bool) -> Result<ColumnDef> {
+    let column_datatype =
+        ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_from(column_schema.data_type.clone()).map(|w| w.to_parts())?;
+
+    let semantic_type = if column_schema.is_time_index() {
+        SemanticType::Timestamp
+    } else if is_primary_key {
+        SemanticType::Tag
+    } else {
+        SemanticType::Field
+    } as i32;
+    let comment = column_schema
+        .metadata()
+        .get(COMMENT_KEY)
+        .cloned()
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+
+    let default_constraint = match column_schema.default_constraint() {
+        None => vec![],
+        Some(v) => v
+            .clone()
+            .try_into()
+            .context(ConvertColumnDefaultConstraintSnafu {
+                column: &column_schema.name,
+            })?,
+    };
+    let options = options_from_column_schema(column_schema);
+    Ok(ColumnDef {
+        name: column_schema.name.clone(),
+        data_type: column_datatype.0 as i32,
+        is_nullable: column_schema.is_nullable(),
+        default_constraint,
+        semantic_type,
+        comment,
+        datatype_extension: column_datatype.1,
+        options,
+    })
+}
+
 /// Constructs a `ColumnOptions` from the given `ColumnSchema`.
 pub fn options_from_column_schema(column_schema: &ColumnSchema) -> Option<ColumnOptions> {
     let mut options = ColumnOptions::default();
@@ -142,13 +187,21 @@ pub fn options_from_inverted() -> ColumnOptions {
 }
 
 /// Tries to construct a `FulltextAnalyzer` from the given analyzer.
-pub fn as_fulltext_option(analyzer: Analyzer) -> FulltextAnalyzer {
+pub fn as_fulltext_option_analyzer(analyzer: Analyzer) -> FulltextAnalyzer {
     match analyzer {
         Analyzer::English => FulltextAnalyzer::English,
         Analyzer::Chinese => FulltextAnalyzer::Chinese,
     }
 }
 
+/// Tries to construct a `FulltextBackend` from the given backend.
+pub fn as_fulltext_option_backend(backend: PbFulltextBackend) -> FulltextBackend {
+    match backend {
+        PbFulltextBackend::Bloom => FulltextBackend::Bloom,
+        PbFulltextBackend::Tantivy => FulltextBackend::Tantivy,
+    }
+}
+
 /// Tries to construct a `SkippingIndexType` from the given skipping index type.
 pub fn as_skipping_index_type(skipping_index_type: PbSkippingIndexType) -> SkippingIndexType {
     match skipping_index_type {
@@ -160,7 +213,7 @@ pub fn as_skipping_index_type(skipping_index_type: PbSkippingIndexType) -> Skipp
 mod tests {
 
     use datatypes::data_type::ConcreteDataType;
-    use datatypes::schema::FulltextAnalyzer;
+    use datatypes::schema::{FulltextAnalyzer, FulltextBackend};
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::v1::ColumnDataType;
@@ -215,17 +268,20 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(options.is_none());
 
         let mut schema = ColumnSchema::new("test", ConcreteDataType::string_datatype(), true)
-            .with_fulltext_options(FulltextOptions {
+            .with_fulltext_options(FulltextOptions::new_unchecked(
-                enable: true,
+                true,
-                analyzer: FulltextAnalyzer::English,
+                FulltextAnalyzer::English,
-                case_sensitive: false,
+                false,
-            })
+                FulltextBackend::Bloom,
+                10240,
+                0.01,
+            ))
             .unwrap();
         schema.set_inverted_index(true);
         let options = options_from_column_schema(&schema).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             options.options.get(FULLTEXT_GRPC_KEY).unwrap(),
-            "{\"enable\":true,\"analyzer\":\"English\",\"case-sensitive\":false}"
+            "{\"enable\":true,\"analyzer\":\"English\",\"case-sensitive\":false,\"backend\":\"bloom\",\"granularity\":10240,\"false-positive-rate-in-10000\":100}"
         );
         assert_eq!(
             options.options.get(INVERTED_INDEX_GRPC_KEY).unwrap(),
@@ -235,15 +291,18 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_options_with_fulltext() {
-        let fulltext = FulltextOptions {
+        let fulltext = FulltextOptions::new_unchecked(
-            enable: true,
+            true,
-            analyzer: FulltextAnalyzer::English,
+            FulltextAnalyzer::English,
-            case_sensitive: false,
+            false,
-        };
+            FulltextBackend::Bloom,
+            10240,
+            0.01,
+        );
         let options = options_from_fulltext(&fulltext).unwrap().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             options.options.get(FULLTEXT_GRPC_KEY).unwrap(),
-            "{\"enable\":true,\"analyzer\":\"English\",\"case-sensitive\":false}"
+            "{\"enable\":true,\"analyzer\":\"English\",\"case-sensitive\":false,\"backend\":\"bloom\",\"granularity\":10240,\"false-positive-rate-in-10000\":100}"
         );
     }
 

src/api/src/v1/helper.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use greptime_proto::v1::value::ValueData;
+use greptime_proto::v1::{ColumnDataType, ColumnSchema, Row, SemanticType, Value};
+
+/// Create a time index [ColumnSchema] with column's name and datatype.
+/// Other fields are left default.
+/// Useful when you just want to create a simple [ColumnSchema] without providing much struct fields.
+pub fn time_index_column_schema(name: &str, datatype: ColumnDataType) -> ColumnSchema {
+    ColumnSchema {
+        column_name: name.to_string(),
+        datatype: datatype as i32,
+        semantic_type: SemanticType::Timestamp as i32,
+        ..Default::default()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Create a tag [ColumnSchema] with column's name and datatype.
+/// Other fields are left default.
+/// Useful when you just want to create a simple [ColumnSchema] without providing much struct fields.
+pub fn tag_column_schema(name: &str, datatype: ColumnDataType) -> ColumnSchema {
+    ColumnSchema {
+        column_name: name.to_string(),
+        datatype: datatype as i32,
+        semantic_type: SemanticType::Tag as i32,
+        ..Default::default()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Create a field [ColumnSchema] with column's name and datatype.
+/// Other fields are left default.
+/// Useful when you just want to create a simple [ColumnSchema] without providing much struct fields.
+pub fn field_column_schema(name: &str, datatype: ColumnDataType) -> ColumnSchema {
+    ColumnSchema {
+        column_name: name.to_string(),
+        datatype: datatype as i32,
+        semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+        ..Default::default()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Create a [Row] from [ValueData]s.
+/// Useful when you don't want to write much verbose codes.
+pub fn row(values: Vec<ValueData>) -> Row {
+    Row {
+        values: values
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|x| Value {
+                value_data: Some(x),
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+    }
+}