Downgrade allure-pytest to 2.13.1 from ^2.13.2

See the added comment on `create_empty_timeline`.

The various test cases now need to set a valid `Lsn` instead of
`Lsn(0)`.

Rough context:
https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/4364#discussion_r1221995691

.cargo/config.toml

@@ -14,3 +14,4 @@ opt-level = 1
 
 [alias]
 build_testing = ["build", "--features", "testing"]
+neon = ["run", "--bin", "neon_local"]

.github/actions/allure-report-generate/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+name: 'Create Allure report'
+description: 'Generate Allure report from uploaded by actions/allure-report-store tests results'
+
+outputs:
+  report-url:
+    description: 'Allure report URL'
+    value: ${{ steps.generate-report.outputs.report-url }}
+  report-json-url:
+    description: 'Allure report JSON URL'
+    value: ${{ steps.generate-report.outputs.report-json-url }}
+
+runs:
+  using: "composite"
+
+  steps:
+    # We're using some of env variables quite offen, so let's set them once.
+    #
+    # It would be nice to have them set in common runs.env[0] section, but it doesn't work[1]
+    #
+    # - [0] https://docs.github.com/en/actions/creating-actions/metadata-syntax-for-github-actions#runsenv
+    # - [1] https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/3907#discussion_r1154703456
+    #
+    - name: Set variables
+      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
+      run: |
+        PR_NUMBER=$(jq --raw-output .pull_request.number "$GITHUB_EVENT_PATH" || true)
+        if [ "${PR_NUMBER}" != "null" ]; then
+          BRANCH_OR_PR=pr-${PR_NUMBER}
+        elif [ "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" = "main" ] || [ "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" = "release" ]; then
+          # Shortcut for special branches
+          BRANCH_OR_PR=${GITHUB_REF_NAME}
+        else
+          BRANCH_OR_PR=branch-$(printf "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" | tr -c "[:alnum:]._-" "-")
+        fi
+
+        LOCK_FILE=reports/${BRANCH_OR_PR}/lock.txt
+
+        WORKDIR=/tmp/${BRANCH_OR_PR}-$(date +%s)
+        mkdir -p ${WORKDIR}
+
+        echo "BRANCH_OR_PR=${BRANCH_OR_PR}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        echo "LOCK_FILE=${LOCK_FILE}"       >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        echo "WORKDIR=${WORKDIR}"           >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        echo "BUCKET=${BUCKET}"             >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      env:
+        BUCKET: neon-github-public-dev
+
+    # TODO: We can replace with a special docker image with Java and Allure pre-installed
+    - uses: actions/setup-java@v3
+      with:
+        distribution: 'temurin'
+        java-version: '17'
+
+    - name: Install Allure
+      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
+      run: |
+        if ! which allure; then
+          ALLURE_ZIP=allure-${ALLURE_VERSION}.zip
+          wget -q https://github.com/allure-framework/allure2/releases/download/${ALLURE_VERSION}/${ALLURE_ZIP}
+          echo "${ALLURE_ZIP_SHA256} ${ALLURE_ZIP}" | sha256sum --check
+          unzip -q ${ALLURE_ZIP}
+          echo "$(pwd)/allure-${ALLURE_VERSION}/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+          rm -f ${ALLURE_ZIP}
+        fi
+      env:
+        ALLURE_VERSION: 2.22.1
+        ALLURE_ZIP_SHA256: fdc7a62d94b14c5e0bf25198ae1feded6b005fdbed864b4d3cb4e5e901720b0b
+
+    # Potentially we could have several running build for the same key (for example, for the main branch), so we use improvised lock for this
+    - name: Acquire lock
+      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
+      run: |
+        LOCK_TIMEOUT=300 # seconds
+
+        LOCK_CONTENT="${GITHUB_RUN_ID}-${GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT}"
+        echo ${LOCK_CONTENT} > ${WORKDIR}/lock.txt
+
+        # Do it up to 5 times to avoid race condition
+        for _ in $(seq 1 5); do
+          for i in $(seq 1 ${LOCK_TIMEOUT}); do
+            LOCK_ACQUIRED=$(aws s3api head-object --bucket neon-github-public-dev --key ${LOCK_FILE} | jq --raw-output '.LastModified' || true)
+            # `date --date="..."` is supported only by gnu date (i.e. it doesn't work on BSD/macOS)
+            if [ -z "${LOCK_ACQUIRED}" ] || [ "$(( $(date +%s) - $(date --date="${LOCK_ACQUIRED}" +%s) ))" -gt "${LOCK_TIMEOUT}" ]; then
+              break
+            fi
+            sleep 1
+          done
+
+          aws s3 mv --only-show-errors ${WORKDIR}/lock.txt "s3://${BUCKET}/${LOCK_FILE}"
+
+          # Double-check that exactly THIS run has acquired the lock
+          aws s3 cp --only-show-errors "s3://${BUCKET}/${LOCK_FILE}" ./lock.txt
+          if [ "$(cat lock.txt)" = "${LOCK_CONTENT}" ]; then
+            break
+          fi
+        done
+
+    - name: Generate and publish final Allure report
+      id: generate-report
+      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
+      run: |
+        REPORT_PREFIX=reports/${BRANCH_OR_PR}
+        RAW_PREFIX=reports-raw/${BRANCH_OR_PR}/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}
+
+        # Get previously uploaded data for this run
+        ZSTD_NBTHREADS=0
+
+        S3_FILEPATHS=$(aws s3api list-objects-v2 --bucket ${BUCKET} --prefix ${RAW_PREFIX}/ | jq --raw-output  '.Contents[].Key')
+        if [ -z "$S3_FILEPATHS" ]; then
+          # There's no previously uploaded data for this $GITHUB_RUN_ID
+          exit 0
+        fi
+        for S3_FILEPATH in ${S3_FILEPATHS}; do
+          time aws s3 cp --only-show-errors "s3://${BUCKET}/${S3_FILEPATH}" "${WORKDIR}"
+
+          archive=${WORKDIR}/$(basename $S3_FILEPATH)
+          mkdir -p ${archive%.tar.zst}
+          time tar -xf ${archive} -C ${archive%.tar.zst}
+          rm -f ${archive}
+        done
+
+        # Get history trend
+        time aws s3 cp --recursive --only-show-errors "s3://${BUCKET}/${REPORT_PREFIX}/latest/history" "${WORKDIR}/latest/history" || true
+
+        # Generate report
+        time allure generate --clean --output ${WORKDIR}/report ${WORKDIR}/*
+
+        # Replace a logo link with a redirect to the latest version of the report
+        sed -i 's|<a href="." class=|<a href="https://'${BUCKET}'.s3.amazonaws.com/'${REPORT_PREFIX}'/latest/index.html?nocache='"'+Date.now()+'"'" class=|g' ${WORKDIR}/report/app.js
+
+        # Upload a history and the final report (in this particular order to not to have duplicated history in 2 places)
+        time aws s3 mv --recursive --only-show-errors "${WORKDIR}/report/history" "s3://${BUCKET}/${REPORT_PREFIX}/latest/history"
+        time aws s3 mv --recursive --only-show-errors "${WORKDIR}/report" "s3://${BUCKET}/${REPORT_PREFIX}/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}"
+
+        REPORT_URL=https://${BUCKET}.s3.amazonaws.com/${REPORT_PREFIX}/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}/index.html
+
+        # Generate redirect
+        cat <<EOF > ${WORKDIR}/index.html
+          <!DOCTYPE html>
+
+          <meta charset="utf-8">
+          <title>Redirecting to ${REPORT_URL}</title>
+          <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; URL=${REPORT_URL}">
+        EOF
+        time aws s3 cp --only-show-errors ${WORKDIR}/index.html "s3://${BUCKET}/${REPORT_PREFIX}/latest/index.html"
+
+        echo "report-url=${REPORT_URL}"                                   >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        echo "report-json-url=${REPORT_URL%/index.html}/data/suites.json" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+        echo "[Allure Report](${REPORT_URL})" >> ${GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY}
+
+    - name: Release lock
+      if: always()
+      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
+      run: |
+        aws s3 cp --only-show-errors "s3://${BUCKET}/${LOCK_FILE}" ./lock.txt || exit 0
+
+        if [ "$(cat lock.txt)" = "${GITHUB_RUN_ID}-${GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT}" ]; then
+          aws s3 rm "s3://${BUCKET}/${LOCK_FILE}"
+        fi
+
+    - name: Cleanup
+      if: always()
+      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
+      run: |
+        if [ -d "${WORKDIR}" ]; then
+          rm -rf ${WORKDIR}
+        fi
+
+    - uses: actions/github-script@v6
+      if: always()
+      env:
+        REPORT_URL: ${{ steps.generate-report.outputs.report-url }}
+        COMMIT_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
+      with:
+        script: |
+          const { REPORT_URL, COMMIT_SHA } = process.env
+
+          await github.rest.repos.createCommitStatus({
+            owner: context.repo.owner,
+            repo: context.repo.repo,
+            sha: `${COMMIT_SHA}`,
+            state: 'success',
+            target_url: `${REPORT_URL}`,
+            context: 'Allure report',
+          })

.github/actions/allure-report-store/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+name: 'Store Allure results'
+description: 'Upload test results to be used by actions/allure-report-generate'
+
+inputs:
+  report-dir:
+    description: 'directory with test results generated by tests'
+    required: true
+  unique-key:
+    description: 'string to distinguish different results in the same run'
+    required: true
+
+runs:
+  using: "composite"
+
+  steps:
+    - name: Set variables
+      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
+      run: |
+        PR_NUMBER=$(jq --raw-output .pull_request.number "$GITHUB_EVENT_PATH" || true)
+        if [ "${PR_NUMBER}" != "null" ]; then
+          BRANCH_OR_PR=pr-${PR_NUMBER}
+        elif [ "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" = "main" ] || [ "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" = "release" ]; then
+          # Shortcut for special branches
+          BRANCH_OR_PR=${GITHUB_REF_NAME}
+        else
+          BRANCH_OR_PR=branch-$(printf "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" | tr -c "[:alnum:]._-" "-")
+        fi
+
+        echo "BRANCH_OR_PR=${BRANCH_OR_PR}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        echo "REPORT_DIR=${REPORT_DIR}"     >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      env:
+        REPORT_DIR: ${{ inputs.report-dir }}
+
+    - name: Upload test results
+      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
+      run: |
+        REPORT_PREFIX=reports/${BRANCH_OR_PR}
+        RAW_PREFIX=reports-raw/${BRANCH_OR_PR}/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}
+
+        # Add metadata
+        cat <<EOF > ${REPORT_DIR}/executor.json
+          {
+            "name": "GitHub Actions",
+            "type": "github",
+            "url": "https://${BUCKET}.s3.amazonaws.com/${REPORT_PREFIX}/latest/index.html",
+            "buildOrder": ${GITHUB_RUN_ID},
+            "buildName": "GitHub Actions Run #${GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER}/${GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT}",
+            "buildUrl": "${GITHUB_SERVER_URL}/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}/actions/runs/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}/attempts/${GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT}",
+            "reportUrl": "https://${BUCKET}.s3.amazonaws.com/${REPORT_PREFIX}/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}/index.html",
+            "reportName": "Allure Report"
+          }
+        EOF
+
+        cat <<EOF > ${REPORT_DIR}/environment.properties
+          COMMIT_SHA=${COMMIT_SHA}
+        EOF
+
+        ARCHIVE="${UNIQUE_KEY}-${GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT}-$(date +%s).tar.zst"
+        ZSTD_NBTHREADS=0
+
+        time tar -C ${REPORT_DIR} -cf ${ARCHIVE} --zstd .
+        time aws s3 mv --only-show-errors ${ARCHIVE} "s3://${BUCKET}/${RAW_PREFIX}/${ARCHIVE}"
+      env:
+        UNIQUE_KEY: ${{ inputs.unique-key }}
+        COMMIT_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
+        BUCKET: neon-github-public-dev
+
+    - name: Cleanup
+      if: always()
+      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
+      run: |
+        rm -rf ${REPORT_DIR}

.github/actions/allure-report/action.yml

@@ -1,254 +0,0 @@
-name: 'Create Allure report'
-description: 'Create and publish Allure report'
-
-inputs:
-  action:
-    desctiption: 'generate or store'
-    required: true
-  build_type:
-    description: '`build_type` from run-python-test-set action'
-    required: true
-  test_selection:
-    description: '`test_selector` from run-python-test-set action'
-    required: false
-outputs:
-  report-url:
-    description: 'Allure report URL'
-    value: ${{ steps.generate-report.outputs.report-url }}
-  report-json-url:
-    description: 'Allure report JSON URL'
-    value: ${{ steps.generate-report.outputs.report-json-url }}
-
-runs:
-  using: "composite"
-
-  steps:
-    # We're using some of env variables quite offen, so let's set them once.
-    #
-    # It would be nice to have them set in common runs.env[0] section, but it doesn't work[1]
-    #
-    # - [0] https://docs.github.com/en/actions/creating-actions/metadata-syntax-for-github-actions#runsenv
-    # - [1] https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/3907#discussion_r1154703456
-    #
-    - name: Set common environment variables
-      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
-      run: |
-        echo "BUILD_TYPE=${BUILD_TYPE}"   >> $GITHUB_ENV
-        echo "BUCKET=${BUCKET}"           >> $GITHUB_ENV
-        echo "TEST_OUTPUT=${TEST_OUTPUT}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-      env:
-        BUILD_TYPE: ${{ inputs.build_type }}
-        BUCKET: neon-github-public-dev
-        TEST_OUTPUT: /tmp/test_output
-
-    - name: Validate input parameters
-      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
-      run: |
-        if [ "${{ inputs.action }}" != "store" ] && [ "${{ inputs.action }}" != "generate" ]; then
-          echo >&2 "Unknown inputs.action type '${{ inputs.action }}'; allowed 'generate' or 'store' only"
-          exit 1
-        fi
-
-        if [ -z "${{ inputs.test_selection }}" ] && [ "${{ inputs.action }}" == "store" ]; then
-          echo >&2 "inputs.test_selection must be set for 'store' action"
-          exit 2
-        fi
-
-    - name: Calculate variables
-      id: calculate-vars
-      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
-      run: |
-        # TODO: for manually triggered workflows (via workflow_dispatch) we need to have a separate key
-
-        pr_number=$(jq --raw-output .pull_request.number "$GITHUB_EVENT_PATH" || true)
-        if [ "${pr_number}" != "null" ]; then
-          key=pr-${pr_number}
-        elif [ "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" = "main" ]; then
-          # Shortcut for a special branch
-          key=main
-        elif [ "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" = "release" ]; then
-          # Shortcut for a special branch
-          key=release
-        else
-          key=branch-$(printf "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" | tr -c "[:alnum:]._-" "-")
-        fi
-        echo "KEY=${key}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-
-        # Sanitize test selection to remove `/` and any other special characters
-        # Use printf instead of echo to avoid having `\n` at the end of the string
-        test_selection=$(printf "${{ inputs.test_selection }}" | tr -c "[:alnum:]._-" "-" )
-        echo "TEST_SELECTION=${test_selection}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-
-    - uses: actions/setup-java@v3
-      if: ${{ inputs.action == 'generate' }}
-      with:
-        distribution: 'temurin'
-        java-version: '17'
-
-    - name: Install Allure
-      if: ${{ inputs.action == 'generate' }}
-      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
-      run: |
-        if ! which allure; then
-          ALLURE_ZIP=allure-${ALLURE_VERSION}.zip
-          wget -q https://github.com/allure-framework/allure2/releases/download/${ALLURE_VERSION}/${ALLURE_ZIP}
-          echo "${ALLURE_ZIP_MD5}  ${ALLURE_ZIP}" | md5sum -c
-          unzip -q ${ALLURE_ZIP}
-          echo "$(pwd)/allure-${ALLURE_VERSION}/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
-          rm -f ${ALLURE_ZIP}
-        fi
-      env:
-        ALLURE_VERSION: 2.21.0
-        ALLURE_ZIP_MD5: c8db4dd8e2a7882583d569ed2c82879c
-
-    - name: Upload Allure results
-      if: ${{ inputs.action == 'store' }}
-      env:
-        REPORT_PREFIX: reports/${{ steps.calculate-vars.outputs.KEY }}/${{ inputs.build_type }}
-        RAW_PREFIX: reports-raw/${{ steps.calculate-vars.outputs.KEY }}/${{ inputs.build_type }}
-        TEST_SELECTION: ${{ steps.calculate-vars.outputs.TEST_SELECTION }}
-      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
-      run: |
-        # Add metadata
-        cat <<EOF > $TEST_OUTPUT/allure/results/executor.json
-          {
-            "name": "GitHub Actions",
-            "type": "github",
-            "url": "https://${BUCKET}.s3.amazonaws.com/${REPORT_PREFIX}/latest/index.html",
-            "buildOrder": ${GITHUB_RUN_ID},
-            "buildName": "GitHub Actions Run #${{ github.run_number }}/${GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT}",
-            "buildUrl": "${GITHUB_SERVER_URL}/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}/actions/runs/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}/attempts/${GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT}",
-            "reportUrl": "https://${BUCKET}.s3.amazonaws.com/${REPORT_PREFIX}/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}/index.html",
-            "reportName": "Allure Report"
-          }
-        EOF
-        cat <<EOF > $TEST_OUTPUT/allure/results/environment.properties
-          TEST_SELECTION=${{ inputs.test_selection }}
-          BUILD_TYPE=${BUILD_TYPE}
-        EOF
-
-        ARCHIVE="${GITHUB_RUN_ID}-${TEST_SELECTION}-${GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT}-$(date +%s).tar.zst"
-        ZSTD_NBTHREADS=0
-
-        tar -C ${TEST_OUTPUT}/allure/results -cf ${ARCHIVE} --zstd .
-        aws s3 mv --only-show-errors ${ARCHIVE} "s3://${BUCKET}/${RAW_PREFIX}/${ARCHIVE}"
-
-    # Potentially we could have several running build for the same key (for example for the main branch), so we use improvised lock for this
-    - name: Acquire Allure lock
-      if: ${{ inputs.action == 'generate' }}
-      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
-      env:
-        LOCK_FILE: reports/${{ steps.calculate-vars.outputs.KEY }}/lock.txt
-        TEST_SELECTION: ${{ steps.calculate-vars.outputs.TEST_SELECTION }}
-      run: |
-        LOCK_TIMEOUT=300 # seconds
-
-        for _ in $(seq 1 5); do
-          for i in $(seq 1 ${LOCK_TIMEOUT}); do
-            LOCK_ADDED=$(aws s3api head-object --bucket neon-github-public-dev --key ${LOCK_FILE} | jq --raw-output '.LastModified' || true)
-            # `date --date="..."` is supported only by gnu date (i.e. it doesn't work on BSD/macOS)
-            if [ -z "${LOCK_ADDED}" ] || [ "$(( $(date +%s) - $(date --date="${LOCK_ADDED}" +%s) ))" -gt "${LOCK_TIMEOUT}" ]; then
-              break
-            fi
-            sleep 1
-          done
-          echo "${GITHUB_RUN_ID}-${GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT}-${TEST_SELECTION}" > lock.txt
-          aws s3 mv --only-show-errors lock.txt "s3://${BUCKET}/${LOCK_FILE}"
-
-          # A double-check that exactly WE have acquired the lock
-          aws s3 cp --only-show-errors "s3://${BUCKET}/${LOCK_FILE}" ./lock.txt
-          if [ "$(cat lock.txt)" = "${GITHUB_RUN_ID}-${GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT}-${TEST_SELECTION}" ]; then
-            break
-          fi
-        done
-
-    - name: Generate and publish final Allure report
-      if: ${{ inputs.action == 'generate' }}
-      id: generate-report
-      env:
-        REPORT_PREFIX: reports/${{ steps.calculate-vars.outputs.KEY }}/${{ inputs.build_type }}
-        RAW_PREFIX: reports-raw/${{ steps.calculate-vars.outputs.KEY }}/${{ inputs.build_type }}
-      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
-      run: |
-        # Get previously uploaded data for this run
-        ZSTD_NBTHREADS=0
-
-        s3_filepaths=$(aws s3api list-objects-v2 --bucket ${BUCKET} --prefix ${RAW_PREFIX}/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}- | jq --raw-output  '.Contents[].Key')
-        if [ -z "$s3_filepaths" ]; then
-          # There's no previously uploaded data for this run
-          exit 0
-        fi
-        for s3_filepath in ${s3_filepaths}; do
-          aws s3 cp --only-show-errors "s3://${BUCKET}/${s3_filepath}" "${TEST_OUTPUT}/allure/"
-
-          archive=${TEST_OUTPUT}/allure/$(basename $s3_filepath)
-          mkdir -p ${archive%.tar.zst}
-          tar -xf ${archive} -C ${archive%.tar.zst}
-          rm -f ${archive}
-        done
-
-        # Get history trend
-        aws s3 cp --recursive --only-show-errors "s3://${BUCKET}/${REPORT_PREFIX}/latest/history" "${TEST_OUTPUT}/allure/latest/history" || true
-
-        # Generate report
-        allure generate --clean --output $TEST_OUTPUT/allure/report $TEST_OUTPUT/allure/*
-
-        # Replace a logo link with a redirect to the latest version of the report
-        sed -i 's|<a href="." class=|<a href="https://'${BUCKET}'.s3.amazonaws.com/'${REPORT_PREFIX}'/latest/index.html" class=|g' $TEST_OUTPUT/allure/report/app.js
-
-        # Upload a history and the final report (in this particular order to not to have duplicated history in 2 places)
-        aws s3 mv --recursive --only-show-errors "${TEST_OUTPUT}/allure/report/history" "s3://${BUCKET}/${REPORT_PREFIX}/latest/history"
-        aws s3 mv --recursive --only-show-errors "${TEST_OUTPUT}/allure/report" "s3://${BUCKET}/${REPORT_PREFIX}/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}"
-
-        REPORT_URL=https://${BUCKET}.s3.amazonaws.com/${REPORT_PREFIX}/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}/index.html
-
-        # Generate redirect
-        cat <<EOF > ${TEST_OUTPUT}/allure/index.html
-          <!DOCTYPE html>
-
-          <meta charset="utf-8">
-          <title>Redirecting to ${REPORT_URL}</title>
-          <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; URL=${REPORT_URL}">
-        EOF
-        aws s3 cp --only-show-errors ${TEST_OUTPUT}/allure/index.html "s3://${BUCKET}/${REPORT_PREFIX}/latest/index.html"
-
-        echo "[Allure Report](${REPORT_URL})" >> ${GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY}
-        echo "report-url=${REPORT_URL}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-        echo "report-json-url=${REPORT_URL%/index.html}/data/suites.json" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-
-    - name: Release Allure lock
-      if: ${{ inputs.action == 'generate' && always() }}
-      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
-      env:
-        LOCK_FILE: reports/${{ steps.calculate-vars.outputs.KEY }}/lock.txt
-        TEST_SELECTION: ${{ steps.calculate-vars.outputs.TEST_SELECTION }}
-      run: |
-        aws s3 cp --only-show-errors "s3://${BUCKET}/${LOCK_FILE}" ./lock.txt || exit 0
-
-        if [ "$(cat lock.txt)" = "${GITHUB_RUN_ID}-${GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT}-${TEST_SELECTION}" ]; then
-          aws s3 rm "s3://${BUCKET}/${LOCK_FILE}"
-        fi
-
-    - name: Cleanup
-      if: always()
-      shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
-      run: |
-        rm -rf ${TEST_OUTPUT}/allure
-
-    - uses: actions/github-script@v6
-      if: ${{ inputs.action == 'generate' && always() }}
-      env:
-        REPORT_URL: ${{ steps.generate-report.outputs.report-url }}
-        SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
-      with:
-        script: |
-          const { REPORT_URL, BUILD_TYPE, SHA } = process.env
-
-          await github.rest.repos.createCommitStatus({
-            owner: context.repo.owner,
-            repo: context.repo.repo,
-            sha: `${SHA}`,
-            state: 'success',
-            target_url: `${REPORT_URL}`,
-            context: `Allure report / ${BUILD_TYPE}`,
-          })

.github/actions/run-python-test-set/action.yml

@@ -36,18 +36,14 @@ inputs:
     description: 'Region name for real s3 tests'
     required: false
     default: ''
-  real_s3_access_key_id:
-    description: 'Access key id'
-    required: false
-    default: ''
-  real_s3_secret_access_key:
-    description: 'Secret access key'
-    required: false
-    default: ''
   rerun_flaky:
     description: 'Whether to rerun flaky tests'
     required: false
     default: 'false'
+  pg_version:
+    description: 'Postgres version to use for tests'
+    required: false
+    default: 'v14'
 
 runs:
   using: "composite"
@@ -67,12 +63,12 @@ runs:
         path: /tmp/neon-previous
         prefix: latest
 
-    - name: Download compatibility snapshot for Postgres 14
+    - name: Download compatibility snapshot
       if: inputs.build_type != 'remote'
       uses: ./.github/actions/download
       with:
-        name: compatibility-snapshot-${{ inputs.build_type }}-pg14
-        path: /tmp/compatibility_snapshot_pg14
+        name: compatibility-snapshot-${{ inputs.build_type }}-pg${{ inputs.pg_version }}
+        path: /tmp/compatibility_snapshot_pg${{ inputs.pg_version }}
         prefix: latest
 
     - name: Checkout
@@ -100,19 +96,18 @@ runs:
         COMPATIBILITY_POSTGRES_DISTRIB_DIR: /tmp/neon-previous/pg_install
         TEST_OUTPUT: /tmp/test_output
         BUILD_TYPE: ${{ inputs.build_type }}
-        AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ inputs.real_s3_access_key_id }}
-        AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ inputs.real_s3_secret_access_key }}
-        COMPATIBILITY_SNAPSHOT_DIR: /tmp/compatibility_snapshot_pg14
+        COMPATIBILITY_SNAPSHOT_DIR: /tmp/compatibility_snapshot_pg${{ inputs.pg_version }}
         ALLOW_BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY_BREAKAGE: contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'backward compatibility breakage')
         ALLOW_FORWARD_COMPATIBILITY_BREAKAGE: contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'forward compatibility breakage')
         RERUN_FLAKY: ${{ inputs.rerun_flaky }}
+        PG_VERSION: ${{ inputs.pg_version }}
       shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
       run: |
         # PLATFORM will be embedded in the perf test report
         # and it is needed to distinguish different environments
         export PLATFORM=${PLATFORM:-github-actions-selfhosted}
         export POSTGRES_DISTRIB_DIR=${POSTGRES_DISTRIB_DIR:-/tmp/neon/pg_install}
-        export DEFAULT_PG_VERSION=${DEFAULT_PG_VERSION:-14}
+        export DEFAULT_PG_VERSION=${PG_VERSION#v}
 
         if [ "${BUILD_TYPE}" = "remote" ]; then
           export REMOTE_ENV=1
@@ -192,19 +187,18 @@ runs:
           scripts/generate_and_push_perf_report.sh
         fi
 
-    - name: Upload compatibility snapshot for Postgres 14
+    - name: Upload compatibility snapshot
       if: github.ref_name == 'release'
       uses: ./.github/actions/upload
       with:
-        name: compatibility-snapshot-${{ inputs.build_type }}-pg14-${{ github.run_id }}
-        # The path includes a test name (test_create_snapshot) and directory that the test creates (compatibility_snapshot_pg14), keep the path in sync with the test
-        path: /tmp/test_output/test_create_snapshot/compatibility_snapshot_pg14/
+        name: compatibility-snapshot-${{ inputs.build_type }}-pg${{ inputs.pg_version }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+        # Directory is created by test_compatibility.py::test_create_snapshot, keep the path in sync with the test
+        path: /tmp/test_output/compatibility_snapshot_pg${{ inputs.pg_version }}/
         prefix: latest
 
-    - name: Create Allure report
+    - name: Upload test results
       if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
-      uses: ./.github/actions/allure-report
+      uses: ./.github/actions/allure-report-store
       with:
-        action: store
-        build_type: ${{ inputs.build_type }}
-        test_selection: ${{ inputs.test_selection }}
+        report-dir: /tmp/test_output/allure/results
+        unique-key: ${{ inputs.build_type }}

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-## Describe your changes
+## Problem
 
-## Issue ticket number and link
+## Summary of changes
 
 ## Checklist before requesting a review
 

.github/workflows/benchmarking.yml

@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ on:
   workflow_dispatch: # adds ability to run this manually
     inputs:
       region_id:
-        description: 'Use a particular region. If not set the default region will be used'
+        description: 'Project region id. If not set, the default region will be used'
         required: false
         default: 'aws-us-east-2'
       save_perf_report:
         type: boolean
-        description: 'Publish perf report or not. If not set, the report is published only for the main branch'
+        description: 'Publish perf report. If not set, the report will be published only for the main branch'
         required: false
 
 defaults:
@@ -93,10 +93,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Create Allure report
       if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
-      uses: ./.github/actions/allure-report
-      with:
-        action: generate
-        build_type: ${{ env.BUILD_TYPE }}
+      uses: ./.github/actions/allure-report-generate
 
     - name: Post to a Slack channel
       if: ${{ github.event.schedule && failure() }}
@@ -128,13 +125,14 @@ jobs:
         matrix='{
           "platform": [
             "neon-captest-new",
-            "neon-captest-reuse"
+            "neon-captest-reuse",
+            "neonvm-captest-new"
           ],
           "db_size": [ "10gb" ],
-          "include": [
-            { "platform": "neon-captest-freetier", "db_size": "3gb"  },
-            { "platform": "neon-captest-new",      "db_size": "50gb" }
-          ]
+          "include": [{ "platform": "neon-captest-freetier",   "db_size": "3gb"  },
+                      { "platform": "neon-captest-new",        "db_size": "50gb" },
+                      { "platform": "neonvm-captest-freetier", "db_size": "3gb"  },
+                      { "platform": "neonvm-captest-new",      "db_size": "50gb" }]
         }'
 
         if [ "$(date +%A)" = "Saturday" ]; then
@@ -200,7 +198,7 @@ jobs:
         echo "${POSTGRES_DISTRIB_DIR}/v${DEFAULT_PG_VERSION}/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
 
     - name: Create Neon Project
-      if: contains(fromJson('["neon-captest-new", "neon-captest-freetier"]'), matrix.platform)
+      if: contains(fromJson('["neon-captest-new", "neon-captest-freetier", "neonvm-captest-new", "neonvm-captest-freetier"]'), matrix.platform)
       id: create-neon-project
       uses: ./.github/actions/neon-project-create
       with:
@@ -208,6 +206,7 @@ jobs:
         postgres_version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PG_VERSION }}
         api_key: ${{ secrets.NEON_STAGING_API_KEY }}
         compute_units: ${{ (matrix.platform == 'neon-captest-freetier' && '[0.25, 0.25]') || '[1, 1]' }}
+        provisioner: ${{ (contains(matrix.platform, 'neonvm-') && 'k8s-neonvm') || 'k8s-pod' }}
 
     - name: Set up Connection String
       id: set-up-connstr
@@ -216,7 +215,7 @@ jobs:
           neon-captest-reuse)
             CONNSTR=${{ secrets.BENCHMARK_CAPTEST_CONNSTR }}
             ;;
-          neon-captest-new | neon-captest-freetier)
+          neon-captest-new | neon-captest-freetier | neonvm-captest-new | neonvm-captest-freetier)
             CONNSTR=${{ steps.create-neon-project.outputs.dsn }}
             ;;
           rds-aurora)
@@ -226,7 +225,7 @@ jobs:
             CONNSTR=${{ secrets.BENCHMARK_RDS_POSTGRES_CONNSTR }}
             ;;
           *)
-            echo >&2 "Unknown PLATFORM=${PLATFORM}. Allowed only 'neon-captest-reuse', 'neon-captest-new', 'neon-captest-freetier', 'rds-aurora', or 'rds-postgres'"
+            echo >&2 "Unknown PLATFORM=${PLATFORM}"
             exit 1
             ;;
         esac
@@ -283,10 +282,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Create Allure report
       if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
-      uses: ./.github/actions/allure-report
-      with:
-        action: generate
-        build_type: ${{ env.BUILD_TYPE }}
+      uses: ./.github/actions/allure-report-generate
 
     - name: Post to a Slack channel
       if: ${{ github.event.schedule && failure() }}
@@ -380,10 +376,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Create Allure report
       if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
-      uses: ./.github/actions/allure-report
-      with:
-        action: generate
-        build_type: ${{ env.BUILD_TYPE }}
+      uses: ./.github/actions/allure-report-generate
 
     - name: Post to a Slack channel
       if: ${{ github.event.schedule && failure() }}
@@ -476,10 +469,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Create Allure report
       if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
-      uses: ./.github/actions/allure-report
-      with:
-        action: generate
-        build_type: ${{ env.BUILD_TYPE }}
+      uses: ./.github/actions/allure-report-generate
 
     - name: Post to a Slack channel
       if: ${{ github.event.schedule && failure() }}
@@ -566,16 +556,13 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Create Allure report
       if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
-      uses: ./.github/actions/allure-report
-      with:
-        action: generate
-        build_type: ${{ env.BUILD_TYPE }}
+      uses: ./.github/actions/allure-report-generate
 
     - name: Post to a Slack channel
       if: ${{ github.event.schedule && failure() }}
       uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@v1
       with:
         channel-id: "C033QLM5P7D" # dev-staging-stream
-        slack-message: "Periodic TPC-H perf testing ${{ matrix.platform }}: ${{ job.status }}\n${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}"
+        slack-message: "Periodic User example perf testing ${{ matrix.platform }}: ${{ job.status }}\n${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}"
       env:
         SLACK_BOT_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SLACK_BOT_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/build_and_test.yml

@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ jobs:
           export REMOTE_STORAGE_S3_BUCKET=neon-github-public-dev
           export REMOTE_STORAGE_S3_REGION=eu-central-1
           # Avoid `$CARGO_FEATURES` since there's no `testing` feature in the e2e tests now
-          ${cov_prefix} cargo test $CARGO_FLAGS --package remote_storage --test pagination_tests -- s3_pagination_should_work --exact
+          ${cov_prefix} cargo test $CARGO_FLAGS --package remote_storage --test test_real_s3
 
       - name: Install rust binaries
         run: |
@@ -324,12 +324,14 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: [ self-hosted, gen3, large ]
     container:
       image: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/rust:pinned
-      options: --init
+      # Default shared memory is 64mb
+      options: --init --shm-size=512mb
     needs: [ build-neon ]
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         build_type: [ debug, release ]
+        pg_version: [ v14, v15 ]
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
@@ -344,24 +346,24 @@ jobs:
           test_selection: regress
           needs_postgres_source: true
           run_with_real_s3: true
-          real_s3_bucket: ci-tests-s3
-          real_s3_region: us-west-2
-          real_s3_access_key_id: "${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID_CI_TESTS_S3 }}"
-          real_s3_secret_access_key: "${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY_CI_TESTS_S3 }}"
+          real_s3_bucket: neon-github-ci-tests
+          real_s3_region: eu-central-1
           rerun_flaky: true
+          pg_version: ${{ matrix.pg_version }}
         env:
           TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR: ${{ secrets.REGRESS_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR }}
           CHECK_ONDISK_DATA_COMPATIBILITY: nonempty
 
       - name: Merge and upload coverage data
-        if: matrix.build_type == 'debug'
+        if: matrix.build_type == 'debug' && matrix.pg_version == 'v14'
         uses: ./.github/actions/save-coverage-data
 
   benchmarks:
     runs-on: [ self-hosted, gen3, small ]
     container:
       image: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/rust:pinned
-      options: --init
+      # Default shared memory is 64mb
+      options: --init --shm-size=512mb
     needs: [ build-neon ]
     if: github.ref_name == 'main' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'run-benchmarks')
     strategy:
@@ -399,76 +401,48 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
-      - name: Create Allure report (debug)
+      - name: Create Allure report
         if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
-        id: create-allure-report-debug
-        uses: ./.github/actions/allure-report
-        with:
-          action: generate
-          build_type: debug
-
-      - name: Create Allure report (release)
-        if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
-        id: create-allure-report-release
-        uses: ./.github/actions/allure-report
-        with:
-          action: generate
-          build_type: release
+        id: create-allure-report
+        uses: ./.github/actions/allure-report-generate
 
       - uses: actions/github-script@v6
-        if: >
-          !cancelled() &&
-          github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+        if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
         with:
           # Retry script for 5XX server errors: https://github.com/actions/github-script#retries
           retries: 5
           script: |
-            const reports = [{
-              buildType: "debug",
-              reportUrl: "${{ steps.create-allure-report-debug.outputs.report-url }}",
-              jsonUrl:   "${{ steps.create-allure-report-debug.outputs.report-json-url }}",
-            }, {
-              buildType: "release",
-              reportUrl: "${{ steps.create-allure-report-release.outputs.report-url }}",
-              jsonUrl:   "${{ steps.create-allure-report-release.outputs.report-json-url }}",
-            }]
+            const report = {
+              reportUrl:     "${{ steps.create-allure-report.outputs.report-url }}",
+              reportJsonUrl: "${{ steps.create-allure-report.outputs.report-json-url }}",
+            }
 
-            const script = require("./scripts/pr-comment-test-report.js")
+            const script = require("./scripts/comment-test-report.js")
             await script({
               github,
               context,
               fetch,
-              reports,
+              report,
             })
 
       - name: Store Allure test stat in the DB
-        if: >
-          !cancelled() && (
-            steps.create-allure-report-debug.outputs.report-url ||
-            steps.create-allure-report-release.outputs.report-url
-          )
+        if: ${{ !cancelled() && steps.create-allure-report.outputs.report-json-url }}
         env:
-          SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
-          REPORT_JSON_URL_DEBUG: ${{ steps.create-allure-report-debug.outputs.report-json-url }}
-          REPORT_JSON_URL_RELEASE: ${{ steps.create-allure-report-release.outputs.report-json-url }}
+          COMMIT_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
+          REPORT_JSON_URL: ${{ steps.create-allure-report.outputs.report-json-url }}
           TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR: ${{ secrets.REGRESS_TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR }}
         run: |
           ./scripts/pysync
 
-          for report_url in $REPORT_JSON_URL_DEBUG $REPORT_JSON_URL_RELEASE; do
-            if [ -z "$report_url" ]; then
-              continue
-            fi
+          curl --fail --output suites.json "${REPORT_JSON_URL}"
+          export BUILD_TYPE=unified
+          export DATABASE_URL="$TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR"
 
-            if [[ "$report_url" == "$REPORT_JSON_URL_DEBUG" ]]; then
-              BUILD_TYPE=debug
-            else
-              BUILD_TYPE=release
-            fi
-
-            curl --fail --output suites.json "${report_url}"
-            DATABASE_URL="$TEST_RESULT_CONNSTR" poetry run python3 scripts/ingest_regress_test_result.py --revision ${SHA} --reference ${GITHUB_REF} --build-type ${BUILD_TYPE} --ingest suites.json
-          done
+          poetry run python3 scripts/ingest_regress_test_result.py \
+            --revision ${COMMIT_SHA} \
+            --reference ${GITHUB_REF} \
+            --build-type ${BUILD_TYPE} \
+            --ingest suites.json
 
   coverage-report:
     runs-on: [ self-hosted, gen3, small ]
@@ -514,37 +488,48 @@ jobs:
       - name: Merge coverage data
         run: scripts/coverage "--profraw-prefix=$GITHUB_JOB" --dir=/tmp/coverage merge
 
-      - name: Build and upload coverage report
+      - name: Build coverage report
+        env:
+          COMMIT_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/commit/${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
         run: |
-          COMMIT_SHA=${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
-          COMMIT_SHA=${COMMIT_SHA:-${{ github.sha }}}
-          COMMIT_URL=https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/commit/$COMMIT_SHA
-
-          scripts/coverage \
-            --dir=/tmp/coverage report \
+          scripts/coverage --dir=/tmp/coverage \
+            report \
             --input-objects=/tmp/coverage/binaries.list \
-            --commit-url=$COMMIT_URL \
+            --commit-url=${COMMIT_URL} \
             --format=github
 
-          REPORT_URL=https://${{ github.repository_owner }}.github.io/zenith-coverage-data/$COMMIT_SHA
+          scripts/coverage --dir=/tmp/coverage \
+            report \
+            --input-objects=/tmp/coverage/binaries.list \
+            --format=lcov
 
-          scripts/git-upload \
-            --repo=https://${{ secrets.VIP_VAP_ACCESS_TOKEN }}@github.com/${{ github.repository_owner }}/zenith-coverage-data.git \
-            --message="Add code coverage for $COMMIT_URL" \
-            copy /tmp/coverage/report $COMMIT_SHA # COPY FROM TO_RELATIVE
+      - name: Upload coverage report
+        id: upload-coverage-report
+        env:
+          BUCKET: neon-github-public-dev
+          COMMIT_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
+        run: |
+          aws s3 cp --only-show-errors --recursive /tmp/coverage/report s3://${BUCKET}/code-coverage/${COMMIT_SHA}
 
-          # Add link to the coverage report to the commit
-          curl -f -X POST \
-          https://api.github.com/repos/${{ github.repository }}/statuses/$COMMIT_SHA \
-          -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" \
-          --user "${{ secrets.CI_ACCESS_TOKEN }}" \
-          --data \
-            "{
-              \"state\": \"success\",
-              \"context\": \"neon-coverage\",
-              \"description\": \"Coverage report is ready\",
-              \"target_url\": \"$REPORT_URL\"
-            }"
+          REPORT_URL=https://${BUCKET}.s3.amazonaws.com/code-coverage/${COMMIT_SHA}/index.html
+          echo "report-url=${REPORT_URL}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - uses: actions/github-script@v6
+        env:
+          REPORT_URL: ${{ steps.upload-coverage-report.outputs.report-url }}
+          COMMIT_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { REPORT_URL, COMMIT_SHA } = process.env
+
+            await github.rest.repos.createCommitStatus({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              sha: `${COMMIT_SHA}`,
+              state: 'success',
+              target_url: `${REPORT_URL}`,
+              context: 'Code coverage report',
+            })
 
   trigger-e2e-tests:
     runs-on: [ self-hosted, gen3, small ]
@@ -679,6 +664,9 @@ jobs:
           project: nrdv0s4kcs
           push: true
           tags: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/neon:depot-${{needs.tag.outputs.build-tag}}
+          build-args: |
+            GIT_VERSION=${{ github.sha }}
+            REPOSITORY=369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com
 
   compute-tools-image:
     runs-on: [ self-hosted, gen3, large ]
@@ -727,7 +715,11 @@ jobs:
 
   compute-node-image:
     runs-on: [ self-hosted, gen3, large ]
-    container: gcr.io/kaniko-project/executor:v1.9.2-debug
+    container:
+      image: gcr.io/kaniko-project/executor:v1.9.2-debug
+      # Workaround for "Resolving download.osgeo.org (download.osgeo.org)... failed: Temporary failure in name resolution.""
+      # Should be prevented by https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/4281
+      options: --add-host=download.osgeo.org:140.211.15.30
     needs: [ tag ]
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
@@ -789,7 +781,7 @@ jobs:
       run:
         shell: sh -eu {0}
     env:
-      VM_BUILDER_VERSION: v0.4.6
+      VM_BUILDER_VERSION: v0.8.0
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
@@ -799,21 +791,18 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Downloading vm-builder
         run: |
-          curl -L https://github.com/neondatabase/neonvm/releases/download/$VM_BUILDER_VERSION/vm-builder -o vm-builder
+          curl -fL https://github.com/neondatabase/autoscaling/releases/download/$VM_BUILDER_VERSION/vm-builder -o vm-builder
           chmod +x vm-builder
 
+      # Note: we need a separate pull step here because otherwise vm-builder will try to pull, and
+      # it won't have the proper authentication (written at v0.6.0)
       - name: Pulling compute-node image
         run: |
           docker pull 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/compute-node-${{ matrix.version }}:${{needs.tag.outputs.build-tag}}
 
-      - name: Building VM compute-node rootfs
-        run: |
-          docker build -t temp-vm-compute-node --build-arg SRC_IMAGE=369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/compute-node-${{ matrix.version }}:${{needs.tag.outputs.build-tag}} -f Dockerfile.vm-compute-node .
-
       - name: Build vm image
         run: |
-          # note: as of 2023-01-12, vm-builder requires a trailing ":latest" for local images
-          ./vm-builder -use-inittab -src=temp-vm-compute-node:latest -dst=369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/vm-compute-node-${{ matrix.version }}:${{needs.tag.outputs.build-tag}}
+          ./vm-builder -enable-file-cache -src=369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/compute-node-${{ matrix.version }}:${{needs.tag.outputs.build-tag}} -dst=369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/vm-compute-node-${{ matrix.version }}:${{needs.tag.outputs.build-tag}}
 
       - name: Pushing vm-compute-node image
         run: |
@@ -973,7 +962,7 @@ jobs:
   promote-compatibility-data:
     runs-on: [ self-hosted, gen3, small ]
     container:
-      image: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/rust:pinned
+      image: 369495373322.dkr.ecr.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/base:pinned
       options: --init
     needs: [ promote-images, tag, regress-tests ]
     if: github.ref_name == 'release' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
@@ -984,11 +973,13 @@ jobs:
           PREFIX: artifacts/latest
         run: |
           # Update compatibility snapshot for the release
-          for build_type in debug release; do
-            OLD_FILENAME=compatibility-snapshot-${build_type}-pg14-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}.tar.zst
-            NEW_FILENAME=compatibility-snapshot-${build_type}-pg14.tar.zst
+          for pg_version in v14 v15; do
+            for build_type in debug release; do
+              OLD_FILENAME=compatibility-snapshot-${build_type}-pg${pg_version}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}.tar.zst
+              NEW_FILENAME=compatibility-snapshot-${build_type}-pg${pg_version}.tar.zst
 
-            time aws s3 mv --only-show-errors s3://${BUCKET}/${PREFIX}/${OLD_FILENAME} s3://${BUCKET}/${PREFIX}/${NEW_FILENAME}
+              time aws s3 mv --only-show-errors s3://${BUCKET}/${PREFIX}/${OLD_FILENAME} s3://${BUCKET}/${PREFIX}/${NEW_FILENAME}
+            done
           done
 
           # Update Neon artifact for the release (reuse already uploaded artifact)

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -2,39 +2,13 @@
 
 Howdy! Usual good software engineering practices apply. Write
 tests. Write comments. Follow standard Rust coding practices where
-possible. Use 'cargo fmt' and 'clippy' to tidy up formatting.
+possible. Use `cargo fmt` and `cargo clippy` to tidy up formatting.
 
 There are soft spots in the code, which could use cleanup,
 refactoring, additional comments, and so forth. Let's try to raise the
 bar, and clean things up as we go. Try to leave code in a better shape
 than it was before.
 
-## Rust pitfalls, async or not
-
-Please be aware of at least these common problems:
-
-1. Async and Cancellation
-
-    Any future can be cancelled at every await point unless it's a top
-    level spawned future. Most common reasons to be cancelled or
-    dropped is that a future is polled or raced within `tokio::select!`
-    with a cancellation token or the HTTP client drops the connection,
-    causing a cancellation or drop on a handler future.
-    
-    Additionally please note that blocking tasks spawned with
-    `tokio::spawn_blocking` directly or indirectly will not be
-    cancelled with the spawning future.
-
-2. When using `scopeguard` or generally within `Drop::drop`, the code
-must not panic
-
-    `scopeguard` can be handy for simple operations, such as
-    decrementing a metric, but it can easily obscure that the code will
-    run on `Drop::drop`. Should a panic happen and the implemented drop
-    also panic when unwinding, the rust runtime will abort the process.
-    Within a multi-tenant system, we don't want to abort, at least for
-    accidental `unwrap` within a `Drop::drop`.
-
 ## Submitting changes
 
 1. Get at least one +1 on your PR before you push.

Cargo.toml

@@ -3,12 +3,26 @@ members = [
     "compute_tools",
     "control_plane",
     "pageserver",
+    "pageserver/ctl",
     "proxy",
     "safekeeper",
     "storage_broker",
     "workspace_hack",
     "trace",
-    "libs/*",
+    "libs/compute_api",
+    "libs/pageserver_api",
+    "libs/postgres_ffi",
+    "libs/safekeeper_api",
+    "libs/utils",
+    "libs/consumption_metrics",
+    "libs/postgres_backend",
+    "libs/pq_proto",
+    "libs/tenant_size_model",
+    "libs/metrics",
+    "libs/postgres_connection",
+    "libs/remote_storage",
+    "libs/tracing-utils",
+    "libs/postgres_ffi/wal_craft",
 ]
 
 [workspace.package]
@@ -21,9 +35,10 @@ anyhow = { version = "1.0", features = ["backtrace"] }
 async-stream = "0.3"
 async-trait = "0.1"
 atty = "0.2.14"
-aws-config = { version = "0.51.0", default-features = false, features=["rustls"] }
-aws-sdk-s3 = "0.21.0"
-aws-smithy-http = "0.51.0"
+aws-config = { version = "0.55", default-features = false, features=["rustls"] }
+aws-sdk-s3 = "0.27"
+aws-smithy-http = "0.55"
+aws-credential-types = "0.55"
 aws-types = "0.55"
 base64 = "0.13.0"
 bincode = "1.3"
@@ -125,11 +140,11 @@ env_logger = "0.10"
 log = "0.4"
 
 ## Libraries from neondatabase/ git forks, ideally with changes to be upstreamed
-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", rev="0bc41d8503c092b040142214aac3cf7d11d0c19f" }
-postgres-native-tls = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", rev="0bc41d8503c092b040142214aac3cf7d11d0c19f" }
-postgres-protocol = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", rev="0bc41d8503c092b040142214aac3cf7d11d0c19f" }
-postgres-types = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", rev="0bc41d8503c092b040142214aac3cf7d11d0c19f" }
-tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", rev="0bc41d8503c092b040142214aac3cf7d11d0c19f" }
+postgres = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", rev="f6ec31df3bcce89cb34f300f17c8a8c031c5ee8c" }
+postgres-native-tls = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", rev="f6ec31df3bcce89cb34f300f17c8a8c031c5ee8c" }
+postgres-protocol = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", rev="f6ec31df3bcce89cb34f300f17c8a8c031c5ee8c" }
+postgres-types = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", rev="f6ec31df3bcce89cb34f300f17c8a8c031c5ee8c" }
+tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", rev="f6ec31df3bcce89cb34f300f17c8a8c031c5ee8c" }
 tokio-tar = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/tokio-tar.git", rev="404df61437de0feef49ba2ccdbdd94eb8ad6e142" }
 
 ## Other git libraries
@@ -165,7 +180,7 @@ tonic-build = "0.9"
 
 # This is only needed for proxy's tests.
 # TODO: we should probably fork `tokio-postgres-rustls` instead.
-tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", rev="0bc41d8503c092b040142214aac3cf7d11d0c19f" }
+tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/neondatabase/rust-postgres.git", rev="f6ec31df3bcce89cb34f300f17c8a8c031c5ee8c" }
 
 # Changes the MAX_THREADS limit from 4096 to 32768.
 # This is a temporary workaround for using tracing from many threads in safekeepers code,

Dockerfile

@@ -47,8 +47,7 @@ RUN set -e \
     && mold -run cargo build  \
       --bin pg_sni_router  \
       --bin pageserver  \
-      --bin pageserver_binutils  \
-      --bin draw_timeline_dir \
+      --bin pagectl  \
       --bin safekeeper  \
       --bin storage_broker  \
       --bin proxy  \
@@ -73,8 +72,7 @@ RUN set -e \
 
 COPY --from=build --chown=neon:neon /home/nonroot/target/release/pg_sni_router       /usr/local/bin
 COPY --from=build --chown=neon:neon /home/nonroot/target/release/pageserver          /usr/local/bin
-COPY --from=build --chown=neon:neon /home/nonroot/target/release/pageserver_binutils /usr/local/bin
-COPY --from=build --chown=neon:neon /home/nonroot/target/release/draw_timeline_dir   /usr/local/bin
+COPY --from=build --chown=neon:neon /home/nonroot/target/release/pagectl             /usr/local/bin
 COPY --from=build --chown=neon:neon /home/nonroot/target/release/safekeeper          /usr/local/bin
 COPY --from=build --chown=neon:neon /home/nonroot/target/release/storage_broker         /usr/local/bin
 COPY --from=build --chown=neon:neon /home/nonroot/target/release/proxy               /usr/local/bin

Dockerfile.compute-node

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ RUN apt update && \
 RUN wget https://gitlab.com/Oslandia/SFCGAL/-/archive/v1.3.10/SFCGAL-v1.3.10.tar.gz -O SFCGAL.tar.gz && \
     echo "4e39b3b2adada6254a7bdba6d297bb28e1a9835a9f879b74f37e2dab70203232 SFCGAL.tar.gz" | sha256sum --check && \
     mkdir sfcgal-src && cd sfcgal-src && tar xvzf ../SFCGAL.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C . && \
-    cmake . && make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) && \
+    cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release . && make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) && \
     DESTDIR=/sfcgal make install -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) && \
     make clean && cp -R /sfcgal/* /
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ RUN wget https://github.com/pgRouting/pgrouting/archive/v3.4.2.tar.gz -O pgrouti
     mkdir pgrouting-src && cd pgrouting-src && tar xvzf ../pgrouting.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C . && \
     mkdir build && \
     cd build && \
-    cmake .. && \
+    cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release .. && \
     make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) && \
     make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) install && \
     echo 'trusted = true' >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/pgrouting.control
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ RUN apt-get update && \
     wget https://github.com/timescale/timescaledb/archive/refs/tags/2.10.1.tar.gz -O timescaledb.tar.gz && \
     echo "6fca72a6ed0f6d32d2b3523951ede73dc5f9b0077b38450a029a5f411fdb8c73 timescaledb.tar.gz" | sha256sum --check && \
     mkdir timescaledb-src && cd timescaledb-src && tar xvzf ../timescaledb.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C . && \
-    ./bootstrap -DSEND_TELEMETRY_DEFAULT:BOOL=OFF -DUSE_TELEMETRY:BOOL=OFF -DAPACHE_ONLY:BOOL=ON && \
+    ./bootstrap -DSEND_TELEMETRY_DEFAULT:BOOL=OFF -DUSE_TELEMETRY:BOOL=OFF -DAPACHE_ONLY:BOOL=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release && \
     cd build && \
     make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) && \
     make install -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) && \
@@ -410,11 +410,76 @@ RUN apt-get update && \
     mkdir kq_imcx-src && cd kq_imcx-src && tar xvzf ../kq_imcx.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C . && \
     mkdir build && \
     cd build && \
-    cmake .. && \
+    cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release .. && \
     make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) && \
     make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) install && \
     echo 'trusted = true' >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/kq_imcx.control
 
+#########################################################################################
+#
+# Layer "pg-cron-pg-build"
+# compile pg_cron extension
+#
+#########################################################################################
+FROM build-deps AS pg-cron-pg-build
+COPY --from=pg-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
+
+ENV PATH "/usr/local/pgsql/bin/:$PATH"
+RUN wget https://github.com/citusdata/pg_cron/archive/refs/tags/v1.5.2.tar.gz -O pg_cron.tar.gz && \
+    echo "6f7f0980c03f1e2a6a747060e67bf4a303ca2a50e941e2c19daeed2b44dec744 pg_cron.tar.gz" | sha256sum --check && \
+    mkdir pg_cron-src && cd pg_cron-src && tar xvzf ../pg_cron.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C . && \
+    make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) && \
+    make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) install && \
+    echo 'trusted = true' >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/pg_cron.control
+
+#########################################################################################
+#
+# Layer "rdkit-pg-build"
+# compile rdkit extension
+#
+#########################################################################################
+FROM build-deps AS rdkit-pg-build
+COPY --from=pg-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
+
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    apt-get install -y \
+        cmake \
+        libboost-iostreams1.74-dev \
+        libboost-regex1.74-dev \
+        libboost-serialization1.74-dev \
+        libboost-system1.74-dev \
+        libeigen3-dev \
+        libfreetype6-dev
+
+ENV PATH "/usr/local/pgsql/bin/:/usr/local/pgsql/:$PATH"
+RUN wget https://github.com/rdkit/rdkit/archive/refs/tags/Release_2023_03_1.tar.gz -O rdkit.tar.gz && \
+    echo "db346afbd0ba52c843926a2a62f8a38c7b774ffab37eaf382d789a824f21996c rdkit.tar.gz" | sha256sum --check && \
+    mkdir rdkit-src && cd rdkit-src && tar xvzf ../rdkit.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C . && \
+    cmake \
+        -D RDK_BUILD_CAIRO_SUPPORT=OFF \
+        -D RDK_BUILD_INCHI_SUPPORT=ON \
+        -D RDK_BUILD_AVALON_SUPPORT=ON \
+        -D RDK_BUILD_PYTHON_WRAPPERS=OFF \
+        -D RDK_BUILD_DESCRIPTORS3D=OFF \
+        -D RDK_BUILD_FREESASA_SUPPORT=OFF \
+        -D RDK_BUILD_COORDGEN_SUPPORT=ON \
+        -D RDK_BUILD_MOLINTERCHANGE_SUPPORT=OFF \
+        -D RDK_BUILD_YAEHMOP_SUPPORT=OFF \
+        -D RDK_BUILD_STRUCTCHECKER_SUPPORT=OFF \
+        -D RDK_USE_URF=OFF \
+        -D RDK_BUILD_PGSQL=ON \
+        -D RDK_PGSQL_STATIC=ON \
+        -D PostgreSQL_CONFIG=pg_config \
+        -D PostgreSQL_INCLUDE_DIR=`pg_config --includedir` \
+        -D PostgreSQL_TYPE_INCLUDE_DIR=`pg_config --includedir-server` \
+        -D PostgreSQL_LIBRARY_DIR=`pg_config --libdir` \
+        -D RDK_INSTALL_INTREE=OFF \
+        -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+        . && \
+    make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) && \
+    make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) install && \
+    echo 'trusted = true' >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/rdkit.control
+
 #########################################################################################
 #
 # Layer "rust extensions"
@@ -500,6 +565,22 @@ RUN wget https://github.com/kelvich/pg_tiktoken/archive/801f84f08c6881c8aa30f405
     cargo pgx install --release && \
     echo "trusted = true" >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/pg_tiktoken.control
 
+#########################################################################################
+#
+# Layer "pg-pgx-ulid-build"
+# Compile "pgx_ulid" extension
+#
+#########################################################################################
+
+FROM rust-extensions-build AS pg-pgx-ulid-build
+
+RUN wget https://github.com/pksunkara/pgx_ulid/archive/refs/tags/v0.1.0.tar.gz -O pgx_ulid.tar.gz && \
+    echo "908b7358e6f846e87db508ae5349fb56a88ee6305519074b12f3d5b0ff09f791 pgx_ulid.tar.gz" | sha256sum --check && \
+    mkdir pgx_ulid-src && cd pgx_ulid-src && tar xvzf ../pgx_ulid.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C . && \
+    sed -i 's/pgx        = "=0.7.3"/pgx = { version = "0.7.3", features = [ "unsafe-postgres" ] }/g' Cargo.toml && \
+    cargo pgx install --release && \
+    echo "trusted = true" >> /usr/local/pgsql/share/extension/ulid.control
+
 #########################################################################################
 #
 # Layer "neon-pg-ext-build"
@@ -529,6 +610,9 @@ COPY --from=plpgsql-check-pg-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY --from=timescaledb-pg-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY --from=pg-hint-plan-pg-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY --from=kq-imcx-pg-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
+COPY --from=pg-cron-pg-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
+COPY --from=pg-pgx-ulid-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
+COPY --from=rdkit-pg-build /usr/local/pgsql/ /usr/local/pgsql/
 COPY pgxn/ pgxn/
 
 RUN make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) \
@@ -538,6 +622,10 @@ RUN make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) \
     make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) \
         PG_CONFIG=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_config \
         -C pgxn/neon_utils \
+        -s install && \
+    make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) \
+        PG_CONFIG=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_config \
+        -C pgxn/hnsw \
         -s install
 
 #########################################################################################
@@ -598,14 +686,19 @@ COPY --from=compute-tools --chown=postgres /home/nonroot/target/release-line-deb
 # libgeos, libgdal, libsfcgal1, libproj and libprotobuf-c1 for PostGIS
 # libxml2, libxslt1.1 for xml2
 # libzstd1 for zstd
+# libboost*, libfreetype6, and zlib1g for rdkit
 RUN apt update &&  \
     apt install --no-install-recommends -y \
         gdb \
-        locales \
         libicu67 \
         liblz4-1 \
         libreadline8 \
+        libboost-iostreams1.74.0 \
+        libboost-regex1.74.0 \
+        libboost-serialization1.74.0 \
+        libboost-system1.74.0 \
         libossp-uuid16 \
+        libfreetype6 \
         libgeos-c1v5 \
         libgdal28 \
         libproj19 \
@@ -614,7 +707,10 @@ RUN apt update &&  \
         libxml2 \
         libxslt1.1 \
         libzstd1 \
-        procps && \
+        libcurl4-openssl-dev \
+        locales \
+        procps \
+        zlib1g && \
     rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/* && \
     localedef -i en_US -c -f UTF-8 -A /usr/share/locale/locale.alias en_US.UTF-8
 

Dockerfile.vm-compute-node

@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-# Note: this file *mostly* just builds on Dockerfile.compute-node
-
-ARG SRC_IMAGE
-ARG VM_INFORMANT_VERSION=v0.1.14
-# on libcgroup update, make sure to check bootstrap.sh for changes
-ARG LIBCGROUP_VERSION=v2.0.3
-
-# Pull VM informant, to copy from later
-FROM neondatabase/vm-informant:$VM_INFORMANT_VERSION as informant
-
-# Build cgroup-tools
-#
-# At time of writing (2023-03-14), debian bullseye has a version of cgroup-tools (technically
-# libcgroup) that doesn't support cgroup v2 (version 0.41-11). Unfortunately, the vm-informant
-# requires cgroup v2, so we'll build cgroup-tools ourselves.
-FROM debian:bullseye-slim as libcgroup-builder
-ARG LIBCGROUP_VERSION
-
-RUN set -exu \
-	&& apt update \
-	&& apt install --no-install-recommends -y \
-		git \
-		ca-certificates \
-		automake \
-		cmake \
-		make \
-		gcc \
-		byacc \
-		flex \
-		libtool \
-		libpam0g-dev \
-	&& git clone --depth 1 -b $LIBCGROUP_VERSION https://github.com/libcgroup/libcgroup \
-	&& INSTALL_DIR="/libcgroup-install" \
-	&& mkdir -p "$INSTALL_DIR/bin" "$INSTALL_DIR/include" \
-	&& cd libcgroup \
-	# extracted from bootstrap.sh, with modified flags:
-	&& (test -d m4 || mkdir m4) \
-	&& autoreconf -fi \
-	&& rm -rf autom4te.cache \
-	&& CFLAGS="-O3" ./configure --prefix="$INSTALL_DIR" --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var --enable-opaque-hierarchy="name=systemd" \
-	# actually build the thing...
-	&& make install
-
-# Combine, starting from non-VM compute node image.
-FROM $SRC_IMAGE as base
-
-# Temporarily set user back to root so we can run adduser, set inittab
-USER root
-RUN adduser vm-informant --disabled-password --no-create-home
-
-RUN set -e \
-	&& rm -f /etc/inittab \
-	&& touch /etc/inittab
-
-RUN set -e \
-	&& echo "::sysinit:cgconfigparser -l /etc/cgconfig.conf -s 1664" >> /etc/inittab \
-	&& CONNSTR="dbname=postgres user=cloud_admin sslmode=disable" \
-	&& ARGS="--auto-restart --cgroup=neon-postgres --pgconnstr=\"$CONNSTR\"" \
-	&& echo "::respawn:su vm-informant -c '/usr/local/bin/vm-informant $ARGS'" >> /etc/inittab
-
-USER postgres
-
-ADD vm-cgconfig.conf /etc/cgconfig.conf
-COPY --from=informant /usr/bin/vm-informant /usr/local/bin/vm-informant
-
-COPY --from=libcgroup-builder /libcgroup-install/bin/* /usr/bin/
-COPY --from=libcgroup-builder /libcgroup-install/lib/* /usr/lib/
-COPY --from=libcgroup-builder /libcgroup-install/sbin/* /usr/sbin/
-
-ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/sbin/cgexec", "-g", "*:neon-postgres", "/usr/local/bin/compute_ctl"]

Makefile

@@ -138,6 +138,11 @@ neon-pg-ext-%: postgres-%
 	$(MAKE) PG_CONFIG=$(POSTGRES_INSTALL_DIR)/$*/bin/pg_config CFLAGS='$(PG_CFLAGS) $(COPT)' \
 		-C $(POSTGRES_INSTALL_DIR)/build/neon-utils-$* \
 		-f $(ROOT_PROJECT_DIR)/pgxn/neon_utils/Makefile install
+	+@echo "Compiling hnsw $*"
+	mkdir -p $(POSTGRES_INSTALL_DIR)/build/hnsw-$*
+	$(MAKE) PG_CONFIG=$(POSTGRES_INSTALL_DIR)/$*/bin/pg_config CFLAGS='$(PG_CFLAGS) $(COPT)' \
+		-C $(POSTGRES_INSTALL_DIR)/build/hnsw-$* \
+		-f $(ROOT_PROJECT_DIR)/pgxn/hnsw/Makefile install
 
 .PHONY: neon-pg-ext-clean-%
 neon-pg-ext-clean-%:
@@ -153,6 +158,9 @@ neon-pg-ext-clean-%:
 	$(MAKE) PG_CONFIG=$(POSTGRES_INSTALL_DIR)/$*/bin/pg_config \
 	-C $(POSTGRES_INSTALL_DIR)/build/neon-utils-$* \
 	-f $(ROOT_PROJECT_DIR)/pgxn/neon_utils/Makefile clean
+	$(MAKE) PG_CONFIG=$(POSTGRES_INSTALL_DIR)/$*/bin/pg_config \
+	-C $(POSTGRES_INSTALL_DIR)/build/hnsw-$* \
+	-f $(ROOT_PROJECT_DIR)/pgxn/hnsw/Makefile clean
 
 .PHONY: neon-pg-ext
 neon-pg-ext: \

README.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ The Neon storage engine consists of two major components:
 - Pageserver. Scalable storage backend for the compute nodes.
 - Safekeepers. The safekeepers form a redundant WAL service that received WAL from the compute node, and stores it durably until it has been processed by the pageserver and uploaded to cloud storage.
 
-See developer documentation in [/docs/SUMMARY.md](/docs/SUMMARY.md) for more information.
+See developer documentation in [SUMMARY.md](/docs/SUMMARY.md) for more information.
 
 ## Running local installation
 
@@ -28,18 +28,19 @@ See developer documentation in [/docs/SUMMARY.md](/docs/SUMMARY.md) for more inf
 * On Ubuntu or Debian, this set of packages should be sufficient to build the code:
 ```bash
 apt install build-essential libtool libreadline-dev zlib1g-dev flex bison libseccomp-dev \
-libssl-dev clang pkg-config libpq-dev cmake postgresql-client protobuf-compiler
+libssl-dev clang pkg-config libpq-dev cmake postgresql-client protobuf-compiler \
+libcurl4-openssl-dev
 ```
 * On Fedora, these packages are needed:
 ```bash
 dnf install flex bison readline-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel \
   libseccomp-devel perl clang cmake postgresql postgresql-contrib protobuf-compiler \
-  protobuf-devel
+  protobuf-devel libcurl-devel
 ```
 * On Arch based systems, these packages are needed:
 ```bash
 pacman -S base-devel readline zlib libseccomp openssl clang \
-postgresql-libs cmake postgresql protobuf
+postgresql-libs cmake postgresql protobuf curl
 ```
 
 Building Neon requires 3.15+ version of `protoc` (protobuf-compiler). If your distribution provides an older version, you can install a newer version from [here](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases).
@@ -130,11 +131,11 @@ Python (3.9 or higher), and install python3 packages using `./scripts/pysync` (r
 ```sh
 # Create repository in .neon with proper paths to binaries and data
 # Later that would be responsibility of a package install script
-> ./target/debug/neon_local init
+> cargo neon init
 Starting pageserver at '127.0.0.1:64000' in '.neon'.
 
 # start pageserver, safekeeper, and broker for their intercommunication
-> ./target/debug/neon_local start
+> cargo neon start
 Starting neon broker at 127.0.0.1:50051
 storage_broker started, pid: 2918372
 Starting pageserver at '127.0.0.1:64000' in '.neon'.
@@ -143,19 +144,19 @@ Starting safekeeper at '127.0.0.1:5454' in '.neon/safekeepers/sk1'.
 safekeeper 1 started, pid: 2918437
 
 # create initial tenant and use it as a default for every future neon_local invocation
-> ./target/debug/neon_local tenant create --set-default
+> cargo neon tenant create --set-default
 tenant 9ef87a5bf0d92544f6fafeeb3239695c successfully created on the pageserver
 Created an initial timeline 'de200bd42b49cc1814412c7e592dd6e9' at Lsn 0/16B5A50 for tenant: 9ef87a5bf0d92544f6fafeeb3239695c
 Setting tenant 9ef87a5bf0d92544f6fafeeb3239695c as a default one
 
 # start postgres compute node
-> ./target/debug/neon_local endpoint start main
+> cargo neon endpoint start main
 Starting new endpoint main (PostgreSQL v14) on timeline de200bd42b49cc1814412c7e592dd6e9 ...
 Extracting base backup to create postgres instance: path=.neon/pgdatadirs/tenants/9ef87a5bf0d92544f6fafeeb3239695c/main port=55432
 Starting postgres at 'host=127.0.0.1 port=55432 user=cloud_admin dbname=postgres'
 
 # check list of running postgres instances
-> ./target/debug/neon_local endpoint list
+> cargo neon endpoint list
  ENDPOINT  ADDRESS          TIMELINE                          BRANCH NAME  LSN        STATUS
  main      127.0.0.1:55432  de200bd42b49cc1814412c7e592dd6e9  main         0/16B5BA8  running
 ```
@@ -177,22 +178,22 @@ postgres=# select * from t;
 3. And create branches and run postgres on them:
 ```sh
 # create branch named migration_check
-> ./target/debug/neon_local timeline branch --branch-name migration_check
+> cargo neon timeline branch --branch-name migration_check
 Created timeline 'b3b863fa45fa9e57e615f9f2d944e601' at Lsn 0/16F9A00 for tenant: 9ef87a5bf0d92544f6fafeeb3239695c. Ancestor timeline: 'main'
 
 # check branches tree
-> ./target/debug/neon_local timeline list
+> cargo neon timeline list
 (L) main [de200bd42b49cc1814412c7e592dd6e9]
 (L) ┗━ @0/16F9A00: migration_check [b3b863fa45fa9e57e615f9f2d944e601]
 
 # start postgres on that branch
-> ./target/debug/neon_local endpoint start migration_check --branch-name migration_check
+> cargo neon endpoint start migration_check --branch-name migration_check
 Starting new endpoint migration_check (PostgreSQL v14) on timeline b3b863fa45fa9e57e615f9f2d944e601 ...
 Extracting base backup to create postgres instance: path=.neon/pgdatadirs/tenants/9ef87a5bf0d92544f6fafeeb3239695c/migration_check port=55433
 Starting postgres at 'host=127.0.0.1 port=55433 user=cloud_admin dbname=postgres'
 
 # check the new list of running postgres instances
-> ./target/debug/neon_local endpoint list
+> cargo neon endpoint list
  ENDPOINT         ADDRESS          TIMELINE                          BRANCH NAME      LSN        STATUS
  main             127.0.0.1:55432  de200bd42b49cc1814412c7e592dd6e9  main             0/16F9A38  running
  migration_check  127.0.0.1:55433  b3b863fa45fa9e57e615f9f2d944e601  migration_check  0/16F9A70  running
@@ -221,7 +222,7 @@ postgres=# select * from t;
 4. If you want to run tests afterward (see below), you must stop all the running of the pageserver, safekeeper, and postgres instances
    you have just started. You can terminate them all with one command:
 ```sh
-> ./target/debug/neon_local stop
+> cargo neon stop
 ```
 
 ## Running tests
@@ -238,9 +239,9 @@ CARGO_BUILD_FLAGS="--features=testing" make
 
 ## Documentation
 
-[/docs/](/docs/) Contains a top-level overview of all available markdown documentation.
+[docs](/docs) Contains a top-level overview of all available markdown documentation.
 
-- [/docs/sourcetree.md](/docs/sourcetree.md) contains overview of source tree layout.
+- [sourcetree.md](/docs/sourcetree.md) contains overview of source tree layout.
 
 To view your `rustdoc` documentation in a browser, try running `cargo doc --no-deps --open`
 
@@ -265,6 +266,6 @@ To get more familiar with this aspect, refer to:
 
 ## Join the development
 
-- Read `CONTRIBUTING.md` to learn about project code style and practices.
-- To get familiar with a source tree layout, use [/docs/sourcetree.md](/docs/sourcetree.md).
+- Read [CONTRIBUTING.md](/CONTRIBUTING.md) to learn about project code style and practices.
+- To get familiar with a source tree layout, use [sourcetree.md](/docs/sourcetree.md).
 - To learn more about PostgreSQL internals, check http://www.interdb.jp/pg/index.html

compute_tools/src/bin/compute_ctl.rs

@@ -59,6 +59,9 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
 
     let matches = cli().get_matches();
 
+    let http_port = *matches
+        .get_one::<u16>("http-port")
+        .expect("http-port is required");
     let pgdata = matches
         .get_one::<String>("pgdata")
         .expect("PGDATA path is required");
@@ -178,7 +181,8 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
 
     // Launch http service first, so we were able to serve control-plane
     // requests, while configuration is still in progress.
-    let _http_handle = launch_http_server(&compute).expect("cannot launch http endpoint thread");
+    let _http_handle =
+        launch_http_server(http_port, &compute).expect("cannot launch http endpoint thread");
 
     if !spec_set {
         // No spec provided, hang waiting for it.
@@ -286,6 +290,14 @@ fn cli() -> clap::Command {
     let version = option_env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION").unwrap_or("unknown");
     clap::Command::new("compute_ctl")
         .version(version)
+        .arg(
+            Arg::new("http-port")
+                .long("http-port")
+                .value_name("HTTP_PORT")
+                .default_value("3080")
+                .value_parser(clap::value_parser!(u16))
+                .required(false),
+        )
         .arg(
             Arg::new("connstr")
                 .short('C')

compute_tools/src/compute.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,3 @@
-//
-// XXX: This starts to be scarry similar to the `PostgresNode` from `control_plane`,
-// but there are several things that makes `PostgresNode` usage inconvenient in the
-// cloud:
-// - it inherits from `LocalEnv`, which contains **all-all** the information about
-//   a complete service running
-// - it uses `PageServerNode` with information about http endpoint, which we do not
-//   need in the cloud again
-// - many tiny pieces like, for example, we do not use `pg_ctl` in the cloud
-//
-// Thus, to use `PostgresNode` in the cloud, we need to 'mock' a bunch of required
-// attributes (not required for the cloud). Yet, it is still tempting to unify these
-// `PostgresNode` and `ComputeNode` and use one in both places.
-//
-// TODO: stabilize `ComputeNode` and think about using it in the `control_plane`.
-//
 use std::fs;
 use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
 use std::path::Path;
@@ -106,26 +90,38 @@ pub struct ParsedSpec {
 impl TryFrom<ComputeSpec> for ParsedSpec {
     type Error = String;
     fn try_from(spec: ComputeSpec) -> Result<Self, String> {
+        // Extract the options from the spec file that are needed to connect to
+        // the storage system.
+        //
+        // For backwards-compatibility, the top-level fields in the spec file
+        // may be empty. In that case, we need to dig them from the GUCs in the
+        // cluster.settings field.
         let pageserver_connstr = spec
-            .cluster
-            .settings
-            .find("neon.pageserver_connstring")
+            .pageserver_connstring
+            .clone()
+            .or_else(|| spec.cluster.settings.find("neon.pageserver_connstring"))
             .ok_or("pageserver connstr should be provided")?;
         let storage_auth_token = spec.storage_auth_token.clone();
-        let tenant_id: TenantId = spec
-            .cluster
-            .settings
-            .find("neon.tenant_id")
-            .ok_or("tenant id should be provided")
-            .map(|s| TenantId::from_str(&s))?
-            .or(Err("invalid tenant id"))?;
-        let timeline_id: TimelineId = spec
-            .cluster
-            .settings
-            .find("neon.timeline_id")
-            .ok_or("timeline id should be provided")
-            .map(|s| TimelineId::from_str(&s))?
-            .or(Err("invalid timeline id"))?;
+        let tenant_id: TenantId = if let Some(tenant_id) = spec.tenant_id {
+            tenant_id
+        } else {
+            spec.cluster
+                .settings
+                .find("neon.tenant_id")
+                .ok_or("tenant id should be provided")
+                .map(|s| TenantId::from_str(&s))?
+                .or(Err("invalid tenant id"))?
+        };
+        let timeline_id: TimelineId = if let Some(timeline_id) = spec.timeline_id {
+            timeline_id
+        } else {
+            spec.cluster
+                .settings
+                .find("neon.timeline_id")
+                .ok_or("timeline id should be provided")
+                .map(|s| TimelineId::from_str(&s))?
+                .or(Err("invalid timeline id"))?
+        };
 
         Ok(ParsedSpec {
             spec,
@@ -295,8 +291,8 @@ impl ComputeNode {
         update_pg_hba(pgdata_path)?;
 
         match spec.mode {
-            ComputeMode::Primary | ComputeMode::Static(..) => {}
-            ComputeMode::Replica => {
+            ComputeMode::Primary => {}
+            ComputeMode::Replica | ComputeMode::Static(..) => {
                 add_standby_signal(pgdata_path)?;
             }
         }
@@ -362,6 +358,8 @@ impl ComputeNode {
         };
 
         // Proceed with post-startup configuration. Note, that order of operations is important.
+        // Disable DDL forwarding because control plane already knows about these roles/databases.
+        client.simple_query("SET neon.forward_ddl = false")?;
         let spec = &compute_state.pspec.as_ref().expect("spec must be set").spec;
         handle_roles(spec, &mut client)?;
         handle_databases(spec, &mut client)?;
@@ -374,7 +372,7 @@ impl ComputeNode {
 
         info!(
             "finished configuration of compute for project {}",
-            spec.cluster.cluster_id
+            spec.cluster.cluster_id.as_deref().unwrap_or("None")
         );
 
         Ok(())
@@ -403,7 +401,9 @@ impl ComputeNode {
         self.pg_reload_conf(&mut client)?;
 
         // Proceed with post-startup configuration. Note, that order of operations is important.
+        // Disable DDL forwarding because control plane already knows about these roles/databases.
         if spec.mode == ComputeMode::Primary {
+            client.simple_query("SET neon.forward_ddl = false")?;
             handle_roles(&spec, &mut client)?;
             handle_databases(&spec, &mut client)?;
             handle_role_deletions(&spec, self.connstr.as_str(), &mut client)?;
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ impl ComputeNode {
         let spec = compute_state.pspec.as_ref().expect("spec must be set");
         info!(
             "starting compute for project {}, operation {}, tenant {}, timeline {}",
-            spec.spec.cluster.cluster_id,
+            spec.spec.cluster.cluster_id.as_deref().unwrap_or("None"),
             spec.spec.operation_uuid.as_deref().unwrap_or("None"),
             spec.tenant_id,
             spec.timeline_id,

compute_tools/src/config.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use std::path::Path;
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 
+use crate::pg_helpers::escape_conf_value;
 use crate::pg_helpers::PgOptionsSerialize;
 use compute_api::spec::{ComputeMode, ComputeSpec};
 
@@ -36,10 +37,44 @@ pub fn write_postgres_conf(path: &Path, spec: &ComputeSpec) -> Result<()> {
     // File::create() destroys the file content if it exists.
     let mut file = File::create(path)?;
 
-    writeln!(file, "# Managed by compute_ctl: begin")?;
+    // Write the postgresql.conf content from the spec file as is.
+    if let Some(conf) = &spec.cluster.postgresql_conf {
+        writeln!(file, "{}", conf)?;
+    }
 
     write!(file, "{}", &spec.cluster.settings.as_pg_settings())?;
 
+    // Add options for connecting to storage
+    writeln!(file, "# Neon storage settings")?;
+    if let Some(s) = &spec.pageserver_connstring {
+        writeln!(
+            file,
+            "neon.pageserver_connstring='{}'",
+            escape_conf_value(s)
+        )?;
+    }
+    if !spec.safekeeper_connstrings.is_empty() {
+        writeln!(
+            file,
+            "neon.safekeepers='{}'",
+            escape_conf_value(&spec.safekeeper_connstrings.join(","))
+        )?;
+    }
+    if let Some(s) = &spec.tenant_id {
+        writeln!(
+            file,
+            "neon.tenant_id='{}'",
+            escape_conf_value(&s.to_string())
+        )?;
+    }
+    if let Some(s) = &spec.timeline_id {
+        writeln!(
+            file,
+            "neon.timeline_id='{}'",
+            escape_conf_value(&s.to_string())
+        )?;
+    }
+
     match spec.mode {
         ComputeMode::Primary => {}
         ComputeMode::Static(lsn) => {
@@ -53,7 +88,12 @@ pub fn write_postgres_conf(path: &Path, spec: &ComputeSpec) -> Result<()> {
         }
     }
 
-    writeln!(file, "# Managed by compute_ctl: end")?;
+    // If there are any extra options in the 'settings' field, append those
+    if spec.cluster.settings.is_some() {
+        writeln!(file, "# Managed by compute_ctl: begin")?;
+        write!(file, "{}", spec.cluster.settings.as_pg_settings())?;
+        writeln!(file, "# Managed by compute_ctl: end")?;
+    }
 
     Ok(())
 }

compute_tools/src/http/api.rs

@@ -220,8 +220,8 @@ fn render_json_error(e: &str, status: StatusCode) -> Response<Body> {
 
 // Main Hyper HTTP server function that runs it and blocks waiting on it forever.
 #[tokio::main]
-async fn serve(state: Arc<ComputeNode>) {
-    let addr = SocketAddr::from(([0, 0, 0, 0], 3080));
+async fn serve(port: u16, state: Arc<ComputeNode>) {
+    let addr = SocketAddr::from(([0, 0, 0, 0], port));
 
     let make_service = make_service_fn(move |_conn| {
         let state = state.clone();
@@ -256,10 +256,10 @@ async fn serve(state: Arc<ComputeNode>) {
 }
 
 /// Launch a separate Hyper HTTP API server thread and return its `JoinHandle`.
-pub fn launch_http_server(state: &Arc<ComputeNode>) -> Result<thread::JoinHandle<()>> {
+pub fn launch_http_server(port: u16, state: &Arc<ComputeNode>) -> Result<thread::JoinHandle<()>> {
     let state = Arc::clone(state);
 
     Ok(thread::Builder::new()
         .name("http-endpoint".into())
-        .spawn(move || serve(state))?)
+        .spawn(move || serve(port, state))?)
 }

compute_tools/src/logger.rs

@@ -33,5 +33,7 @@ pub fn init_tracing_and_logging(default_log_level: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         .init();
     tracing::info!("logging and tracing started");
 
+    utils::logging::replace_panic_hook_with_tracing_panic_hook().forget();
+
     Ok(())
 }

compute_tools/src/pg_helpers.rs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ fn escape_literal(s: &str) -> String {
 
 /// Escape a string so that it can be used in postgresql.conf.
 /// Same as escape_literal, currently.
-fn escape_conf_value(s: &str) -> String {
+pub fn escape_conf_value(s: &str) -> String {
     s.replace('\'', "''").replace('\\', "\\\\")
 }
 
@@ -121,9 +121,8 @@ impl RoleExt for Role {
     /// string of arguments.
     fn to_pg_options(&self) -> String {
         // XXX: consider putting LOGIN as a default option somewhere higher, e.g. in control-plane.
-        // For now, we do not use generic `options` for roles. Once used, add
-        // `self.options.as_pg_options()` somewhere here.
-        let mut params: String = "LOGIN".to_string();
+        let mut params: String = self.options.as_pg_options();
+        params.push_str(" LOGIN");
 
         if let Some(pass) = &self.encrypted_password {
             // Some time ago we supported only md5 and treated all encrypted_password as md5.

compute_tools/src/spec.rs

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ fn do_control_plane_request(
     }
 }
 
-/// Request spec from the control-plane by compute_id. If `NEON_CONSOLE_JWT`
+/// Request spec from the control-plane by compute_id. If `NEON_CONTROL_PLANE_TOKEN`
 /// env variable is set, it will be used for authorization.
 pub fn get_spec_from_control_plane(
     base_uri: &str,

compute_tools/tests/pg_helpers_tests.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ mod pg_helpers_tests {
         );
         assert_eq!(
             spec.cluster.roles.first().unwrap().to_pg_options(),
-            "LOGIN PASSWORD 'md56b1d16b78004bbd51fa06af9eda75972'"
+            " LOGIN PASSWORD 'md56b1d16b78004bbd51fa06af9eda75972'"
         );
     }
 

control_plane/src/bin/neon_local.rs

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ const DEFAULT_PAGESERVER_ID: NodeId = NodeId(1);
 const DEFAULT_BRANCH_NAME: &str = "main";
 project_git_version!(GIT_VERSION);
 
-const DEFAULT_PG_VERSION: &str = "14";
+const DEFAULT_PG_VERSION: &str = "15";
 
 fn default_conf() -> String {
     format!(
@@ -476,10 +476,11 @@ fn handle_timeline(timeline_match: &ArgMatches, env: &mut local_env::LocalEnv) -
 
             println!("Creating endpoint for imported timeline ...");
             cplane.new_endpoint(
-                tenant_id,
                 name,
+                tenant_id,
                 timeline_id,
                 None,
+                None,
                 pg_version,
                 ComputeMode::Primary,
             )?;
@@ -591,7 +592,7 @@ fn handle_endpoint(ep_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Result<(
 
                 table.add_row([
                     endpoint_id.as_str(),
-                    &endpoint.address.to_string(),
+                    &endpoint.pg_address.to_string(),
                     &endpoint.timeline_id.to_string(),
                     branch_name,
                     lsn_str.as_str(),
@@ -620,8 +621,8 @@ fn handle_endpoint(ep_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Result<(
                 .get_branch_timeline_id(branch_name, tenant_id)
                 .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Found no timeline id for branch name '{branch_name}'"))?;
 
-            let port: Option<u16> = sub_args.get_one::<u16>("port").copied();
-
+            let pg_port: Option<u16> = sub_args.get_one::<u16>("pg-port").copied();
+            let http_port: Option<u16> = sub_args.get_one::<u16>("http-port").copied();
             let pg_version = sub_args
                 .get_one::<u32>("pg-version")
                 .copied()
@@ -639,14 +640,38 @@ fn handle_endpoint(ep_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Result<(
                 (Some(_), true) => anyhow::bail!("cannot specify both lsn and hot-standby"),
             };
 
-            cplane.new_endpoint(tenant_id, &endpoint_id, timeline_id, port, pg_version, mode)?;
+            cplane.new_endpoint(
+                &endpoint_id,
+                tenant_id,
+                timeline_id,
+                pg_port,
+                http_port,
+                pg_version,
+                mode,
+            )?;
         }
         "start" => {
-            let port: Option<u16> = sub_args.get_one::<u16>("port").copied();
+            let pg_port: Option<u16> = sub_args.get_one::<u16>("pg-port").copied();
+            let http_port: Option<u16> = sub_args.get_one::<u16>("http-port").copied();
             let endpoint_id = sub_args
                 .get_one::<String>("endpoint_id")
                 .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("No endpoint ID was provided to start"))?;
 
+            // If --safekeepers argument is given, use only the listed safekeeper nodes.
+            let safekeepers =
+                if let Some(safekeepers_str) = sub_args.get_one::<String>("safekeepers") {
+                    let mut safekeepers: Vec<NodeId> = Vec::new();
+                    for sk_id in safekeepers_str.split(',').map(str::trim) {
+                        let sk_id = NodeId(u64::from_str(sk_id).map_err(|_| {
+                            anyhow!("invalid node ID \"{sk_id}\" in --safekeepers list")
+                        })?);
+                        safekeepers.push(sk_id);
+                    }
+                    safekeepers
+                } else {
+                    env.safekeepers.iter().map(|sk| sk.id).collect()
+                };
+
             let endpoint = cplane.endpoints.get(endpoint_id.as_str());
 
             let auth_token = if matches!(env.pageserver.pg_auth_type, AuthType::NeonJWT) {
@@ -673,7 +698,7 @@ fn handle_endpoint(ep_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Result<(
                     _ => {}
                 }
                 println!("Starting existing endpoint {endpoint_id}...");
-                endpoint.start(&auth_token)?;
+                endpoint.start(&auth_token, safekeepers)?;
             } else {
                 let branch_name = sub_args
                     .get_one::<String>("branch-name")
@@ -709,14 +734,15 @@ fn handle_endpoint(ep_match: &ArgMatches, env: &local_env::LocalEnv) -> Result<(
                 println!("Starting new endpoint {endpoint_id} (PostgreSQL v{pg_version}) on timeline {timeline_id} ...");
 
                 let ep = cplane.new_endpoint(
-                    tenant_id,
                     endpoint_id,
+                    tenant_id,
                     timeline_id,
-                    port,
+                    pg_port,
+                    http_port,
                     pg_version,
                     mode,
                 )?;
-                ep.start(&auth_token)?;
+                ep.start(&auth_token, safekeepers)?;
             }
         }
         "stop" => {
@@ -944,11 +970,22 @@ fn cli() -> Command {
         .value_parser(value_parser!(u32))
         .default_value(DEFAULT_PG_VERSION);
 
-    let port_arg = Arg::new("port")
-        .long("port")
+    let pg_port_arg = Arg::new("pg-port")
+        .long("pg-port")
         .required(false)
         .value_parser(value_parser!(u16))
-        .value_name("port");
+        .value_name("pg-port");
+
+    let http_port_arg = Arg::new("http-port")
+        .long("http-port")
+        .required(false)
+        .value_parser(value_parser!(u16))
+        .value_name("http-port");
+
+    let safekeepers_arg = Arg::new("safekeepers")
+        .long("safekeepers")
+        .required(false)
+        .value_name("safekeepers");
 
     let stop_mode_arg = Arg::new("stop-mode")
         .short('m')
@@ -1093,7 +1130,8 @@ fn cli() -> Command {
                     .arg(branch_name_arg.clone())
                     .arg(tenant_id_arg.clone())
                     .arg(lsn_arg.clone())
-                    .arg(port_arg.clone())
+                    .arg(pg_port_arg.clone())
+                    .arg(http_port_arg.clone())
                     .arg(
                         Arg::new("config-only")
                             .help("Don't do basebackup, create endpoint directory with only config files")
@@ -1109,9 +1147,11 @@ fn cli() -> Command {
                     .arg(branch_name_arg)
                     .arg(timeline_id_arg)
                     .arg(lsn_arg)
-                    .arg(port_arg)
+                    .arg(pg_port_arg)
+                    .arg(http_port_arg)
                     .arg(pg_version_arg)
                     .arg(hot_standby_arg)
+                    .arg(safekeepers_arg)
                 )
                 .subcommand(
                     Command::new("stop")

control_plane/src/broker.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+//! Code to manage the storage broker
+//!
+//! In the local test environment, the data for each safekeeper is stored in
+//!
+//!   .neon/safekeepers/<safekeeper id>
+//!
 use anyhow::Context;
 
 use std::path::PathBuf;

control_plane/src/endpoint.rs

@@ -1,40 +1,71 @@
+//! Code to manage compute endpoints
+//!
+//! In the local test environment, the data for each endpoint is stored in
+//!
+//!   .neon/endpoints/<endpoint id>
+//!
+//! Some basic information about the endpoint, like the tenant and timeline IDs,
+//! are stored in the `endpoint.json` file. The `endpoint.json` file is created
+//! when the endpoint is created, and doesn't change afterwards.
+//!
+//! The endpoint is managed by the `compute_ctl` binary. When an endpoint is
+//! started, we launch `compute_ctl` It synchronizes the safekeepers, downloads
+//! the basebackup from the pageserver to initialize the the data directory, and
+//! finally launches the PostgreSQL process. It watches the PostgreSQL process
+//! until it exits.
+//!
+//! When an endpoint is created, a `postgresql.conf` file is also created in
+//! the endpoint's directory. The file can be modified before starting PostgreSQL.
+//! However, the `postgresql.conf` file in the endpoint directory is not used directly
+//! by PostgreSQL. It is passed to `compute_ctl`, and `compute_ctl` writes another
+//! copy of it in the data directory.
+//!
+//! Directory contents:
+//!
+//! ```ignore
+//! .neon/endpoints/main/
+//!     compute.log               - log output of `compute_ctl` and `postgres`
+//!     endpoint.json             - serialized `EndpointConf` struct
+//!     postgresql.conf           - postgresql settings
+//!     spec.json                 - passed to `compute_ctl`
+//!     pgdata/
+//!         postgresql.conf       - copy of postgresql.conf created by `compute_ctl`
+//!         zenith.signal
+//!         <other PostgreSQL files>
+//! ```
+//!
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
-use std::fs::{self, File};
-use std::io::Write;
 use std::net::SocketAddr;
 use std::net::TcpStream;
-use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
-use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
-use std::str::FromStr;
+use std::process::Command;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
-use anyhow::{Context, Result};
+use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context, Result};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
-use utils::{
-    id::{TenantId, TimelineId},
-    lsn::Lsn,
-};
+use utils::id::{NodeId, TenantId, TimelineId};
 
 use crate::local_env::LocalEnv;
 use crate::pageserver::PageServerNode;
 use crate::postgresql_conf::PostgresConf;
 
-use compute_api::spec::ComputeMode;
+use compute_api::responses::{ComputeState, ComputeStatus};
+use compute_api::spec::{Cluster, ComputeMode, ComputeSpec};
 
 // contents of a endpoint.json file
 #[serde_as]
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct EndpointConf {
-    name: String,
+    endpoint_id: String,
     #[serde_as(as = "DisplayFromStr")]
     tenant_id: TenantId,
     #[serde_as(as = "DisplayFromStr")]
     timeline_id: TimelineId,
     mode: ComputeMode,
-    port: u16,
+    pg_port: u16,
+    http_port: u16,
     pg_version: u32,
 }
 
@@ -57,11 +88,11 @@ impl ComputeControlPlane {
         let pageserver = Arc::new(PageServerNode::from_env(&env));
 
         let mut endpoints = BTreeMap::default();
-        for endpoint_dir in fs::read_dir(env.endpoints_path())
+        for endpoint_dir in std::fs::read_dir(env.endpoints_path())
             .with_context(|| format!("failed to list {}", env.endpoints_path().display()))?
         {
             let ep = Endpoint::from_dir_entry(endpoint_dir?, &env, &pageserver)?;
-            endpoints.insert(ep.name.clone(), Arc::new(ep));
+            endpoints.insert(ep.endpoint_id.clone(), Arc::new(ep));
         }
 
         Ok(ComputeControlPlane {
@@ -76,25 +107,28 @@ impl ComputeControlPlane {
         1 + self
             .endpoints
             .values()
-            .map(|ep| ep.address.port())
+            .map(|ep| std::cmp::max(ep.pg_address.port(), ep.http_address.port()))
             .max()
             .unwrap_or(self.base_port)
     }
 
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
     pub fn new_endpoint(
         &mut self,
+        endpoint_id: &str,
         tenant_id: TenantId,
-        name: &str,
         timeline_id: TimelineId,
-        port: Option<u16>,
+        pg_port: Option<u16>,
+        http_port: Option<u16>,
         pg_version: u32,
         mode: ComputeMode,
     ) -> Result<Arc<Endpoint>> {
-        let port = port.unwrap_or_else(|| self.get_port());
-
+        let pg_port = pg_port.unwrap_or_else(|| self.get_port());
+        let http_port = http_port.unwrap_or_else(|| self.get_port() + 1);
         let ep = Arc::new(Endpoint {
-            name: name.to_owned(),
-            address: SocketAddr::new("127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap(), port),
+            endpoint_id: endpoint_id.to_owned(),
+            pg_address: SocketAddr::new("127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap(), pg_port),
+            http_address: SocketAddr::new("127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap(), http_port),
             env: self.env.clone(),
             pageserver: Arc::clone(&self.pageserver),
             timeline_id,
@@ -102,21 +136,27 @@ impl ComputeControlPlane {
             tenant_id,
             pg_version,
         });
-        ep.create_pgdata()?;
+
+        ep.create_endpoint_dir()?;
         std::fs::write(
             ep.endpoint_path().join("endpoint.json"),
             serde_json::to_string_pretty(&EndpointConf {
-                name: name.to_string(),
+                endpoint_id: endpoint_id.to_string(),
                 tenant_id,
                 timeline_id,
                 mode,
-                port,
+                http_port,
+                pg_port,
                 pg_version,
             })?,
         )?;
-        ep.setup_pg_conf()?;
+        std::fs::write(
+            ep.endpoint_path().join("postgresql.conf"),
+            ep.setup_pg_conf()?.to_string(),
+        )?;
 
-        self.endpoints.insert(ep.name.clone(), Arc::clone(&ep));
+        self.endpoints
+            .insert(ep.endpoint_id.clone(), Arc::clone(&ep));
 
         Ok(ep)
     }
@@ -127,13 +167,16 @@ impl ComputeControlPlane {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Endpoint {
     /// used as the directory name
-    name: String,
+    endpoint_id: String,
     pub tenant_id: TenantId,
     pub timeline_id: TimelineId,
     pub mode: ComputeMode,
 
-    // port and address of the Postgres server
-    pub address: SocketAddr,
+    // port and address of the Postgres server and `compute_ctl`'s HTTP API
+    pub pg_address: SocketAddr,
+    pub http_address: SocketAddr,
+
+    // postgres major version in the format: 14, 15, etc.
     pg_version: u32,
 
     // These are not part of the endpoint as such, but the environment
@@ -157,16 +200,16 @@ impl Endpoint {
 
         // parse data directory name
         let fname = entry.file_name();
-        let name = fname.to_str().unwrap().to_string();
+        let endpoint_id = fname.to_str().unwrap().to_string();
 
         // Read the endpoint.json file
         let conf: EndpointConf =
             serde_json::from_slice(&std::fs::read(entry.path().join("endpoint.json"))?)?;
 
-        // ok now
         Ok(Endpoint {
-            address: SocketAddr::new("127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap(), conf.port),
-            name,
+            pg_address: SocketAddr::new("127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap(), conf.pg_port),
+            http_address: SocketAddr::new("127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap(), conf.http_port),
+            endpoint_id,
             env: env.clone(),
             pageserver: Arc::clone(pageserver),
             timeline_id: conf.timeline_id,
@@ -176,104 +219,17 @@ impl Endpoint {
         })
     }
 
-    fn sync_safekeepers(&self, auth_token: &Option<String>, pg_version: u32) -> Result<Lsn> {
-        let pg_path = self.env.pg_bin_dir(pg_version)?.join("postgres");
-        let mut cmd = Command::new(pg_path);
-
-        cmd.arg("--sync-safekeepers")
-            .env_clear()
-            .env(
-                "LD_LIBRARY_PATH",
-                self.env.pg_lib_dir(pg_version)?.to_str().unwrap(),
-            )
-            .env(
-                "DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH",
-                self.env.pg_lib_dir(pg_version)?.to_str().unwrap(),
-            )
-            .env("PGDATA", self.pgdata().to_str().unwrap())
-            .stdout(Stdio::piped())
-            // Comment this to avoid capturing stderr (useful if command hangs)
-            .stderr(Stdio::piped());
-
-        if let Some(token) = auth_token {
-            cmd.env("NEON_AUTH_TOKEN", token);
-        }
-
-        let sync_handle = cmd
-            .spawn()
-            .expect("postgres --sync-safekeepers failed to start");
-
-        let sync_output = sync_handle
-            .wait_with_output()
-            .expect("postgres --sync-safekeepers failed");
-        if !sync_output.status.success() {
-            anyhow::bail!(
-                "sync-safekeepers failed: '{}'",
-                String::from_utf8_lossy(&sync_output.stderr)
-            );
-        }
-
-        let lsn = Lsn::from_str(std::str::from_utf8(&sync_output.stdout)?.trim())?;
-        println!("Safekeepers synced on {}", lsn);
-        Ok(lsn)
-    }
-
-    /// Get basebackup from the pageserver as a tar archive and extract it
-    /// to the `self.pgdata()` directory.
-    fn do_basebackup(&self, lsn: Option<Lsn>) -> Result<()> {
-        println!(
-            "Extracting base backup to create postgres instance: path={} port={}",
-            self.pgdata().display(),
-            self.address.port()
-        );
-
-        let sql = if let Some(lsn) = lsn {
-            format!("basebackup {} {} {}", self.tenant_id, self.timeline_id, lsn)
-        } else {
-            format!("basebackup {} {}", self.tenant_id, self.timeline_id)
-        };
-
-        let mut client = self
-            .pageserver
-            .page_server_psql_client()
-            .context("connecting to page server failed")?;
-
-        let copyreader = client
-            .copy_out(sql.as_str())
-            .context("page server 'basebackup' command failed")?;
-
-        // Read the archive directly from the `CopyOutReader`
-        //
-        // Set `ignore_zeros` so that unpack() reads all the Copy data and
-        // doesn't stop at the end-of-archive marker. Otherwise, if the server
-        // sends an Error after finishing the tarball, we will not notice it.
-        let mut ar = tar::Archive::new(copyreader);
-        ar.set_ignore_zeros(true);
-        ar.unpack(&self.pgdata())
-            .context("extracting base backup failed")?;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn create_pgdata(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        fs::create_dir_all(self.pgdata()).with_context(|| {
+    fn create_endpoint_dir(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(self.endpoint_path()).with_context(|| {
             format!(
-                "could not create data directory {}",
-                self.pgdata().display()
+                "could not create endpoint directory {}",
+                self.endpoint_path().display()
             )
-        })?;
-        fs::set_permissions(self.pgdata().as_path(), fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o700))
-            .with_context(|| {
-                format!(
-                    "could not set permissions in data directory {}",
-                    self.pgdata().display()
-                )
-            })
+        })
     }
 
-    // Write postgresql.conf with default configuration
-    // and PG_VERSION file to the data directory of a new endpoint.
-    fn setup_pg_conf(&self) -> Result<()> {
+    // Generate postgresql.conf with default configuration
+    fn setup_pg_conf(&self) -> Result<PostgresConf> {
         let mut conf = PostgresConf::new();
         conf.append("max_wal_senders", "10");
         conf.append("wal_log_hints", "off");
@@ -286,25 +242,14 @@ impl Endpoint {
         // wal_sender_timeout is the maximum time to wait for WAL replication.
         // It also defines how often the walreciever will send a feedback message to the wal sender.
         conf.append("wal_sender_timeout", "5s");
-        conf.append("listen_addresses", &self.address.ip().to_string());
-        conf.append("port", &self.address.port().to_string());
+        conf.append("listen_addresses", &self.pg_address.ip().to_string());
+        conf.append("port", &self.pg_address.port().to_string());
         conf.append("wal_keep_size", "0");
         // walproposer panics when basebackup is invalid, it is pointless to restart in this case.
         conf.append("restart_after_crash", "off");
 
-        // Configure the Neon Postgres extension to fetch pages from pageserver
-        let pageserver_connstr = {
-            let config = &self.pageserver.pg_connection_config;
-            let (host, port) = (config.host(), config.port());
-
-            // NOTE: avoid spaces in connection string, because it is less error prone if we forward it somewhere.
-            format!("postgresql://no_user@{host}:{port}")
-        };
+        // Load the 'neon' extension
         conf.append("shared_preload_libraries", "neon");
-        conf.append_line("");
-        conf.append("neon.pageserver_connstring", &pageserver_connstr);
-        conf.append("neon.tenant_id", &self.tenant_id.to_string());
-        conf.append("neon.timeline_id", &self.timeline_id.to_string());
 
         conf.append_line("");
         // Replication-related configurations, such as WAL sending
@@ -381,49 +326,19 @@ impl Endpoint {
                 conf.append("primary_conninfo", connstr.as_str());
                 conf.append("primary_slot_name", slot_name.as_str());
                 conf.append("hot_standby", "on");
+                // prefetching of blocks referenced in WAL doesn't make sense for us
+                // Neon hot standby ignores pages that are not in the shared_buffers
+                if self.pg_version >= 15 {
+                    conf.append("recovery_prefetch", "off");
+                }
             }
         }
 
-        let mut file = File::create(self.pgdata().join("postgresql.conf"))?;
-        file.write_all(conf.to_string().as_bytes())?;
-
-        let mut file = File::create(self.pgdata().join("PG_VERSION"))?;
-        file.write_all(self.pg_version.to_string().as_bytes())?;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn load_basebackup(&self, auth_token: &Option<String>) -> Result<()> {
-        let backup_lsn = match &self.mode {
-            ComputeMode::Primary => {
-                if !self.env.safekeepers.is_empty() {
-                    // LSN 0 means that it is bootstrap and we need to download just
-                    // latest data from the pageserver. That is a bit clumsy but whole bootstrap
-                    // procedure evolves quite actively right now, so let's think about it again
-                    // when things would be more stable (TODO).
-                    let lsn = self.sync_safekeepers(auth_token, self.pg_version)?;
-                    if lsn == Lsn(0) {
-                        None
-                    } else {
-                        Some(lsn)
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    None
-                }
-            }
-            ComputeMode::Static(lsn) => Some(*lsn),
-            ComputeMode::Replica => {
-                None // Take the latest snapshot available to start with
-            }
-        };
-
-        self.do_basebackup(backup_lsn)?;
-
-        Ok(())
+        Ok(conf)
     }
 
     pub fn endpoint_path(&self) -> PathBuf {
-        self.env.endpoints_path().join(&self.name)
+        self.env.endpoints_path().join(&self.endpoint_id)
     }
 
     pub fn pgdata(&self) -> PathBuf {
@@ -433,7 +348,7 @@ impl Endpoint {
     pub fn status(&self) -> &str {
         let timeout = Duration::from_millis(300);
         let has_pidfile = self.pgdata().join("postmaster.pid").exists();
-        let can_connect = TcpStream::connect_timeout(&self.address, timeout).is_ok();
+        let can_connect = TcpStream::connect_timeout(&self.pg_address, timeout).is_ok();
 
         match (has_pidfile, can_connect) {
             (true, true) => "running",
@@ -451,8 +366,6 @@ impl Endpoint {
                 &[
                     "-D",
                     self.pgdata().to_str().unwrap(),
-                    "-l",
-                    self.pgdata().join("pg.log").to_str().unwrap(),
                     "-w", //wait till pg_ctl actually does what was asked
                 ],
                 args,
@@ -488,36 +401,183 @@ impl Endpoint {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn start(&self, auth_token: &Option<String>) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn start(&self, auth_token: &Option<String>, safekeepers: Vec<NodeId>) -> Result<()> {
         if self.status() == "running" {
             anyhow::bail!("The endpoint is already running");
         }
 
-        // 1. We always start Postgres from scratch, so
-        // if old dir exists, preserve 'postgresql.conf' and drop the directory
-        let postgresql_conf_path = self.pgdata().join("postgresql.conf");
-        let postgresql_conf = fs::read(&postgresql_conf_path).with_context(|| {
-            format!(
-                "failed to read config file in {}",
-                postgresql_conf_path.to_str().unwrap()
-            )
-        })?;
-        fs::remove_dir_all(self.pgdata())?;
-        self.create_pgdata()?;
+        // Slurp the endpoints/<endpoint id>/postgresql.conf file into
+        // memory. We will include it in the spec file that we pass to
+        // `compute_ctl`, and `compute_ctl` will write it to the postgresql.conf
+        // in the data directory.
+        let postgresql_conf_path = self.endpoint_path().join("postgresql.conf");
+        let postgresql_conf = match std::fs::read(&postgresql_conf_path) {
+            Ok(content) => String::from_utf8(content)?,
+            Err(e) if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => "".to_string(),
+            Err(e) => {
+                return Err(anyhow::Error::new(e).context(format!(
+                    "failed to read config file in {}",
+                    postgresql_conf_path.to_str().unwrap()
+                )))
+            }
+        };
 
-        // 2. Bring back config files
-        fs::write(&postgresql_conf_path, postgresql_conf)?;
-
-        // 3. Load basebackup
-        self.load_basebackup(auth_token)?;
-
-        if self.mode != ComputeMode::Primary {
-            File::create(self.pgdata().join("standby.signal"))?;
+        // We always start the compute node from scratch, so if the Postgres
+        // data dir exists from a previous launch, remove it first.
+        if self.pgdata().exists() {
+            std::fs::remove_dir_all(self.pgdata())?;
         }
 
-        // 4. Finally start postgres
-        println!("Starting postgres at '{}'", self.connstr());
-        self.pg_ctl(&["start"], auth_token)
+        let pageserver_connstring = {
+            let config = &self.pageserver.pg_connection_config;
+            let (host, port) = (config.host(), config.port());
+
+            // NOTE: avoid spaces in connection string, because it is less error prone if we forward it somewhere.
+            format!("postgresql://no_user@{host}:{port}")
+        };
+        let mut safekeeper_connstrings = Vec::new();
+        if self.mode == ComputeMode::Primary {
+            for sk_id in safekeepers {
+                let sk = self
+                    .env
+                    .safekeepers
+                    .iter()
+                    .find(|node| node.id == sk_id)
+                    .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("safekeeper {sk_id} does not exist"))?;
+                safekeeper_connstrings.push(format!("127.0.0.1:{}", sk.pg_port));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Create spec file
+        let spec = ComputeSpec {
+            format_version: 1.0,
+            operation_uuid: None,
+            cluster: Cluster {
+                cluster_id: None, // project ID: not used
+                name: None,       // project name: not used
+                state: None,
+                roles: vec![],
+                databases: vec![],
+                settings: None,
+                postgresql_conf: Some(postgresql_conf),
+            },
+            delta_operations: None,
+            tenant_id: Some(self.tenant_id),
+            timeline_id: Some(self.timeline_id),
+            mode: self.mode,
+            pageserver_connstring: Some(pageserver_connstring),
+            safekeeper_connstrings,
+            storage_auth_token: auth_token.clone(),
+        };
+        let spec_path = self.endpoint_path().join("spec.json");
+        std::fs::write(spec_path, serde_json::to_string_pretty(&spec)?)?;
+
+        // Open log file. We'll redirect the stdout and stderr of `compute_ctl` to it.
+        let logfile = std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
+            .create(true)
+            .append(true)
+            .open(self.endpoint_path().join("compute.log"))?;
+
+        // Launch compute_ctl
+        println!("Starting postgres node at '{}'", self.connstr());
+        let mut cmd = Command::new(self.env.neon_distrib_dir.join("compute_ctl"));
+        cmd.args(["--http-port", &self.http_address.port().to_string()])
+            .args(["--pgdata", self.pgdata().to_str().unwrap()])
+            .args(["--connstr", &self.connstr()])
+            .args([
+                "--spec-path",
+                self.endpoint_path().join("spec.json").to_str().unwrap(),
+            ])
+            .args([
+                "--pgbin",
+                self.env
+                    .pg_bin_dir(self.pg_version)?
+                    .join("postgres")
+                    .to_str()
+                    .unwrap(),
+            ])
+            .stdin(std::process::Stdio::null())
+            .stderr(logfile.try_clone()?)
+            .stdout(logfile);
+        let _child = cmd.spawn()?;
+
+        // Wait for it to start
+        let mut attempt = 0;
+        const ATTEMPT_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_millis(100);
+        const MAX_ATTEMPTS: u32 = 10 * 30; // Wait up to 30 s
+        loop {
+            attempt += 1;
+            match self.get_status() {
+                Ok(state) => {
+                    match state.status {
+                        ComputeStatus::Init => {
+                            if attempt == MAX_ATTEMPTS {
+                                bail!("compute startup timed out; still in Init state");
+                            }
+                            // keep retrying
+                        }
+                        ComputeStatus::Running => {
+                            // All good!
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        ComputeStatus::Failed => {
+                            bail!(
+                                "compute startup failed: {}",
+                                state
+                                    .error
+                                    .as_deref()
+                                    .unwrap_or("<no error from compute_ctl>")
+                            );
+                        }
+                        ComputeStatus::Empty
+                        | ComputeStatus::ConfigurationPending
+                        | ComputeStatus::Configuration => {
+                            bail!("unexpected compute status: {:?}", state.status)
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    if attempt == MAX_ATTEMPTS {
+                        return Err(e).context(
+                            "timed out waiting to connect to compute_ctl HTTP; last error: {e}",
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            std::thread::sleep(ATTEMPT_INTERVAL);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // Call the /status HTTP API
+    pub fn get_status(&self) -> Result<ComputeState> {
+        let client = reqwest::blocking::Client::new();
+
+        let response = client
+            .request(
+                reqwest::Method::GET,
+                format!(
+                    "http://{}:{}/status",
+                    self.http_address.ip(),
+                    self.http_address.port()
+                ),
+            )
+            .send()?;
+
+        // Interpret the response
+        let status = response.status();
+        if !(status.is_client_error() || status.is_server_error()) {
+            Ok(response.json()?)
+        } else {
+            // reqwest does not export its error construction utility functions, so let's craft the message ourselves
+            let url = response.url().to_owned();
+            let msg = match response.text() {
+                Ok(err_body) => format!("Error: {}", err_body),
+                Err(_) => format!("Http error ({}) at {}.", status.as_u16(), url),
+            };
+            Err(anyhow::anyhow!(msg))
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn stop(&self, destroy: bool) -> Result<()> {
@@ -534,7 +594,7 @@ impl Endpoint {
                 "Destroying postgres data directory '{}'",
                 self.pgdata().to_str().unwrap()
             );
-            fs::remove_dir_all(self.endpoint_path())?;
+            std::fs::remove_dir_all(self.endpoint_path())?;
         } else {
             self.pg_ctl(&["stop"], &None)?;
         }
@@ -543,10 +603,10 @@ impl Endpoint {
 
     pub fn connstr(&self) -> String {
         format!(
-            "host={} port={} user={} dbname={}",
-            self.address.ip(),
-            self.address.port(),
+            "postgresql://{}@{}:{}/{}",
             "cloud_admin",
+            self.pg_address.ip(),
+            self.pg_address.port(),
             "postgres"
         )
     }

control_plane/src/local_env.rs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use utils::{
 
 use crate::safekeeper::SafekeeperNode;
 
-pub const DEFAULT_PG_VERSION: u32 = 14;
+pub const DEFAULT_PG_VERSION: u32 = 15;
 
 //
 // This data structures represents neon_local CLI config
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub const DEFAULT_PG_VERSION: u32 = 14;
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct LocalEnv {
     // Base directory for all the nodes (the pageserver, safekeepers and
-    // compute nodes).
+    // compute endpoints).
     //
     // This is not stored in the config file. Rather, this is the path where the
     // config file itself is. It is read from the NEON_REPO_DIR env variable or

control_plane/src/pageserver.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+//! Code to manage pageservers
+//!
+//! In the local test environment, the pageserver stores its data directly in
+//!
+//!   .neon/
+//!
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fs::File;
@@ -8,9 +14,7 @@ use std::process::{Child, Command};
 use std::{io, result};
 
 use anyhow::{bail, Context};
-use pageserver_api::models::{
-    TenantConfigRequest, TenantCreateRequest, TenantInfo, TimelineCreateRequest, TimelineInfo,
-};
+use pageserver_api::models::{self, TenantInfo, TimelineInfo};
 use postgres_backend::AuthType;
 use postgres_connection::{parse_host_port, PgConnectionConfig};
 use reqwest::blocking::{Client, RequestBuilder, Response};
@@ -316,8 +320,8 @@ impl PageServerNode {
         settings: HashMap<&str, &str>,
     ) -> anyhow::Result<TenantId> {
         let mut settings = settings.clone();
-        let request = TenantCreateRequest {
-            new_tenant_id,
+
+        let config = models::TenantConfig {
             checkpoint_distance: settings
                 .remove("checkpoint_distance")
                 .map(|x| x.parse::<u64>())
@@ -371,6 +375,19 @@ impl PageServerNode {
             evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold: settings
                 .remove("evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold")
                 .map(|x| x.to_string()),
+            gc_feedback: settings
+                .remove("gc_feedback")
+                .map(|x| x.parse::<bool>())
+                .transpose()
+                .context("Failed to parse 'gc_feedback' as bool")?,
+        };
+
+        // If tenant ID was not specified, generate one
+        let new_tenant_id = new_tenant_id.unwrap_or(TenantId::generate());
+
+        let request = models::TenantCreateRequest {
+            new_tenant_id,
+            config,
         };
         if !settings.is_empty() {
             bail!("Unrecognized tenant settings: {settings:?}")
@@ -391,67 +408,86 @@ impl PageServerNode {
             })
     }
 
-    pub fn tenant_config(&self, tenant_id: TenantId, settings: HashMap<&str, &str>) -> Result<()> {
-        self.http_request(Method::PUT, format!("{}/tenant/config", self.http_base_url))?
-            .json(&TenantConfigRequest {
-                tenant_id,
+    pub fn tenant_config(
+        &self,
+        tenant_id: TenantId,
+        mut settings: HashMap<&str, &str>,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let config = {
+            // Braces to make the diff easier to read
+            models::TenantConfig {
                 checkpoint_distance: settings
-                    .get("checkpoint_distance")
+                    .remove("checkpoint_distance")
                     .map(|x| x.parse::<u64>())
                     .transpose()
                     .context("Failed to parse 'checkpoint_distance' as an integer")?,
-                checkpoint_timeout: settings.get("checkpoint_timeout").map(|x| x.to_string()),
+                checkpoint_timeout: settings.remove("checkpoint_timeout").map(|x| x.to_string()),
                 compaction_target_size: settings
-                    .get("compaction_target_size")
+                    .remove("compaction_target_size")
                     .map(|x| x.parse::<u64>())
                     .transpose()
                     .context("Failed to parse 'compaction_target_size' as an integer")?,
-                compaction_period: settings.get("compaction_period").map(|x| x.to_string()),
+                compaction_period: settings.remove("compaction_period").map(|x| x.to_string()),
                 compaction_threshold: settings
-                    .get("compaction_threshold")
+                    .remove("compaction_threshold")
                     .map(|x| x.parse::<usize>())
                     .transpose()
                     .context("Failed to parse 'compaction_threshold' as an integer")?,
                 gc_horizon: settings
-                    .get("gc_horizon")
+                    .remove("gc_horizon")
                     .map(|x| x.parse::<u64>())
                     .transpose()
                     .context("Failed to parse 'gc_horizon' as an integer")?,
-                gc_period: settings.get("gc_period").map(|x| x.to_string()),
+                gc_period: settings.remove("gc_period").map(|x| x.to_string()),
                 image_creation_threshold: settings
-                    .get("image_creation_threshold")
+                    .remove("image_creation_threshold")
                     .map(|x| x.parse::<usize>())
                     .transpose()
                     .context("Failed to parse 'image_creation_threshold' as non zero integer")?,
-                pitr_interval: settings.get("pitr_interval").map(|x| x.to_string()),
+                pitr_interval: settings.remove("pitr_interval").map(|x| x.to_string()),
                 walreceiver_connect_timeout: settings
-                    .get("walreceiver_connect_timeout")
+                    .remove("walreceiver_connect_timeout")
+                    .map(|x| x.to_string()),
+                lagging_wal_timeout: settings
+                    .remove("lagging_wal_timeout")
                     .map(|x| x.to_string()),
-                lagging_wal_timeout: settings.get("lagging_wal_timeout").map(|x| x.to_string()),
                 max_lsn_wal_lag: settings
-                    .get("max_lsn_wal_lag")
+                    .remove("max_lsn_wal_lag")
                     .map(|x| x.parse::<NonZeroU64>())
                     .transpose()
                     .context("Failed to parse 'max_lsn_wal_lag' as non zero integer")?,
                 trace_read_requests: settings
-                    .get("trace_read_requests")
+                    .remove("trace_read_requests")
                     .map(|x| x.parse::<bool>())
                     .transpose()
                     .context("Failed to parse 'trace_read_requests' as bool")?,
                 eviction_policy: settings
-                    .get("eviction_policy")
-                    .map(|x| serde_json::from_str(x))
+                    .remove("eviction_policy")
+                    .map(serde_json::from_str)
                     .transpose()
                     .context("Failed to parse 'eviction_policy' json")?,
                 min_resident_size_override: settings
-                    .get("min_resident_size_override")
+                    .remove("min_resident_size_override")
                     .map(|x| x.parse::<u64>())
                     .transpose()
                     .context("Failed to parse 'min_resident_size_override' as an integer")?,
                 evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold: settings
-                    .get("evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold")
+                    .remove("evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold")
                     .map(|x| x.to_string()),
-            })
+                gc_feedback: settings
+                    .remove("gc_feedback")
+                    .map(|x| x.parse::<bool>())
+                    .transpose()
+                    .context("Failed to parse 'gc_feedback' as bool")?,
+            }
+        };
+
+        if !settings.is_empty() {
+            bail!("Unrecognized tenant settings: {settings:?}")
+        }
+
+        self.http_request(Method::PUT, format!("{}/tenant/config", self.http_base_url))?
+            .json(&models::TenantConfigRequest { tenant_id, config })
             .send()?
             .error_from_body()?;
 
@@ -479,11 +515,14 @@ impl PageServerNode {
         ancestor_timeline_id: Option<TimelineId>,
         pg_version: Option<u32>,
     ) -> anyhow::Result<TimelineInfo> {
+        // If timeline ID was not specified, generate one
+        let new_timeline_id = new_timeline_id.unwrap_or(TimelineId::generate());
+
         self.http_request(
             Method::POST,
             format!("{}/tenant/{}/timeline", self.http_base_url, tenant_id),
         )?
-        .json(&TimelineCreateRequest {
+        .json(&models::TimelineCreateRequest {
             new_timeline_id,
             ancestor_start_lsn,
             ancestor_timeline_id,

control_plane/src/safekeeper.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+//! Code to manage safekeepers
+//!
+//! In the local test environment, the data for each safekeeper is stored in
+//!
+//!   .neon/safekeepers/<safekeeper id>
+//!
 use std::io::Write;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::process::Child;

docker-compose/compute_wrapper/shell/compute.sh

@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 set -eux
 
+# Generate a random tenant or timeline ID
+#
+# Takes a variable name as argument. The result is stored in that variable.
+generate_id() {
+    local -n resvar=$1
+    printf -v resvar '%08x%08x%08x%08x' $SRANDOM $SRANDOM $SRANDOM $SRANDOM
+}
+
 PG_VERSION=${PG_VERSION:-14}
 
 SPEC_FILE_ORG=/var/db/postgres/specs/spec.json
@@ -13,29 +21,29 @@ done
 echo "Page server is ready."
 
 echo "Create a tenant and timeline"
+generate_id tenant_id
 PARAMS=(
      -sb 
      -X POST
      -H "Content-Type: application/json"
-     -d "{}"
+     -d "{\"new_tenant_id\": \"${tenant_id}\"}"
      http://pageserver:9898/v1/tenant/
 )
-tenant_id=$(curl "${PARAMS[@]}" | sed 's/"//g')
+result=$(curl "${PARAMS[@]}")
+echo $result | jq .
 
+generate_id timeline_id
 PARAMS=(
      -sb 
      -X POST
      -H "Content-Type: application/json"
-     -d "{\"tenant_id\":\"${tenant_id}\", \"pg_version\": ${PG_VERSION}}"
+     -d "{\"new_timeline_id\": \"${timeline_id}\", \"pg_version\": ${PG_VERSION}}"
      "http://pageserver:9898/v1/tenant/${tenant_id}/timeline/"
 )
 result=$(curl "${PARAMS[@]}")
 echo $result | jq .
 
 echo "Overwrite tenant id and timeline id in spec file"
-tenant_id=$(echo ${result} | jq -r .tenant_id)
-timeline_id=$(echo ${result} | jq -r .timeline_id)
-
 sed "s/TENANT_ID/${tenant_id}/" ${SPEC_FILE_ORG} > ${SPEC_FILE}
 sed -i "s/TIMELINE_ID/${timeline_id}/" ${SPEC_FILE}
 

docs/pageserver-thread-mgmt.md

@@ -4,6 +4,11 @@ The pageserver uses Tokio for handling concurrency. Everything runs in
 Tokio tasks, although some parts are written in blocking style and use
 spawn_blocking().
 
+We currently use std blocking functions for disk I/O, however.  The
+current model is that we consider disk I/Os to be short enough that we
+perform them while running in a Tokio task. Changing all the disk I/O
+calls to async is a TODO.
+
 Each Tokio task is tracked by the `task_mgr` module. It maintains a
 registry of tasks, and which tenant or timeline they are operating
 on.
@@ -21,19 +26,84 @@ also a `shudown_watcher()` Future that can be used with `tokio::select!`
 or similar, to wake up on shutdown.
 
 
-### Sync vs async
+### Async cancellation safety
 
-We use async to wait for incoming data on network connections, and to
-perform other long-running operations. For example, each WAL receiver
-connection is handled by a tokio Task. Once a piece of WAL has been
-received from the network, the task calls the blocking functions in
-the Repository to process the WAL.
+In async Rust, futures can be "cancelled" at any await point, by
+dropping the Future. For example, `tokio::select!` returns as soon as
+one of the Futures returns, and drops the others. `tokio::timeout!` is
+another example. In the Rust ecosystem, some functions are
+cancellation-safe, meaning they can be safely dropped without
+side-effects, while others are not. See documentation of
+`tokio::select!` for examples.
 
-The core storage code in `layered_repository/` is synchronous, with
-blocking locks and I/O calls. The current model is that we consider
-disk I/Os to be short enough that we perform them while running in a
-Tokio task. If that becomes a problem, we should use `spawn_blocking`
-before entering the synchronous parts of the code, or switch to using
-tokio I/O functions.
+In the pageserver and safekeeper, async code is *not*
+cancellation-safe by default. Unless otherwise marked, any async
+function that you call cannot be assumed to be async
+cancellation-safe, and must be polled to completion.
 
-Be very careful when mixing sync and async code!
+The downside of non-cancellation safe code is that you have to be very
+careful when using `tokio::select!`, `tokio::timeout!`, and other such
+functions that can cause a Future to be dropped. They can only be used
+with functions that are explicitly documented to be cancellation-safe,
+or you need to spawn a separate task to shield from the cancellation.
+
+At the entry points to the code, we also take care to poll futures to
+completion, or shield the rest of the code from surprise cancellations
+by spawning a separate task. The code that handles incoming HTTP
+requests, for example, spawns a separate task for each request,
+because Hyper will drop the request-handling Future if the HTTP
+connection is lost.
+
+
+#### How to cancel, then?
+
+If our code is not cancellation-safe, how do you cancel long-running
+tasks? Use CancellationTokens.
+
+TODO: More details on that. And we have an ongoing discussion on what
+to do if cancellations might come from multiple sources.
+
+#### Exceptions
+Some library functions are cancellation-safe, and are explicitly marked
+as such. For example, `utils::seqwait`.
+
+#### Rationale
+
+The alternative would be to make all async code cancellation-safe,
+unless otherwise marked. That way, you could use `tokio::select!` more
+liberally. The reasons we didn't choose that are explained in this
+section.
+
+Writing code in a cancellation-safe manner is tedious, as you need to
+scrutinize every `.await` and ensure that if the `.await` call never
+returns, the system is in a safe, consistent state. In some ways, you
+need to do that with `?` and early `returns`, too, but `.await`s are
+easier to miss. It is also easier to perform cleanup tasks when a
+function returns an `Err` than when an `.await` simply never
+returns. You can use `scopeguard` and Drop guards to perform cleanup
+tasks, but it is more tedious. An `.await` that never returns is more
+similar to a panic.
+
+Note that even if you only use building blocks that themselves are
+cancellation-safe, it doesn't mean that the code as whole is
+cancellation-safe. For example, consider the following code:
+
+```
+while let Some(i) = work_inbox.recv().await {
+	if let Err(_) = results_outbox.send(i).await {
+		println!("receiver dropped");
+		return;
+		}
+	}
+}
+```
+
+It reads messages from one channel, sends them to another channel. If
+this code is cancelled at the `results_outbox.send(i).await`, the
+message read from the receiver is lost. That may or may not be OK,
+depending on the context.
+
+Another reason to not require cancellation-safety is historical: we
+already had a lot of async code that was not scrutinized for
+cancellation-safety when this issue was raised. Scrutinizing all
+existing code is no fun.

docs/rfcs/023-the-state-of-pageserver-tenant-relocation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+# The state of pageserver tenant relocation
+
+Created on 17.03.23
+
+## Motivation
+
+There were previous write ups on the subject. The design of tenant relocation was planned at the time when we had quite different landscape. I e there was no on-demand download/eviction. They were on the horizon but we still planned for cases when they were not available. Some other things have changed. Now safekeepers offload wal to s3 so we're not risking overflowing their disks. Having all of the above, it makes sense to recap and take a look at the options we have now, which adjustments we'd like to make to original process, etc.
+
+Related (in chronological order):
+
+- Tracking issue with initial discussion: [#886](https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/886)
+- [015. Storage Messaging](015-storage-messaging.md)
+- [020. Pageserver S3 Coordination](020-pageserver-s3-coordination.md)
+
+## Summary
+
+The RFC consists of a walkthrough of prior art on tenant relocation and corresponding problems. It describes 3 approaches.
+
+1. Simplistic approach that uses ignore and is the fastest to implement. The main downside is a requirement of short downtime.
+2. More complicated approach that avoids even short downtime.
+3. Even more complicated approach that will allow multiple pageservers to operate concurrently on the same tenant possibly allowing for HA cluster topologies and horizontal scaling of reads (i e compute talks to multiple pageservers).
+
+The order in which solutions are described is a bit different. We start from 2, then move to possible compromises (aka simplistic approach) and then move to discussing directions for solving HA/Pageserver replica case with 3.
+
+## Components
+
+pageserver, control-plane, safekeepers (a bit)
+
+## Requirements
+
+Relocation procedure should move tenant from one pageserver to another without downtime introduced by storage side. For now restarting compute for applying new configuration is fine.
+
+- component restarts
+- component outage
+- pageserver loss
+
+## The original proposed implementation
+
+The starting point is this sequence:
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    autonumber
+    participant CP as Control Plane
+    participant PS1 as Pageserver 1
+    participant PS2 as Pageserver 2
+    participant S3
+
+    CP->>PS2: Attach tenant X
+    PS2->>S3: Fetch timelines, indexes for them
+    PS2->>CP: Accepted
+    CP->>CP: Change pageserver id in project
+    CP->>PS1: Detach
+```
+
+Which problems do we have with naive approach?
+
+### Concurrent GC and Compaction
+
+The problem is that they can run on both, PS1 and PS2. Consider this example from [Pageserver S3 Coordination RFC](020-pageserver-s3-coordination.md)
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    autonumber
+    participant PS1
+    participant S3
+    participant PS2
+
+    PS1->>S3: Uploads L1, L2 <br/> Index contains L1 L2
+    PS2->>S3: Attach called, sees L1, L2
+    PS1->>S3: Compaction comes <br/> Removes L1, adds L3
+    note over S3: Index now L2, L3
+    PS2->>S3: Uploads new layer L4 <br/> (added to previous view of the index)
+    note over S3: Index now L1, L2, L4
+```
+
+At this point it is not possible to restore the state from index, it contains L2 which
+is no longer available in s3 and doesnt contain L3 added by compaction by the
+first pageserver. So if any of the pageservers restart, initial sync will fail
+(or in on-demand world it will fail a bit later during page request from
+missing layer)
+
+The problem lies in shared index_part.json. Having intersecting layers from append only edits is expected to work, though this is an uncharted territory without tests.
+
+#### Options
+
+There are several options on how to restrict concurrent access to index file.
+
+First and the simplest one is external orchestration. Control plane which runs migration can use special api call on pageserver to stop background processes (gc, compaction), and even possibly all uploads.
+
+So the sequence becomes:
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    autonumber
+    participant CP as Control Plane
+    participant PS1 as Pageserver 1
+    participant PS2 as Pageserver 2
+    participant S3
+
+    CP->>PS1: Pause background jobs, pause uploading new layers.
+    CP->>PS2: Attach tenant X.
+    PS2->>S3: Fetch timelines, index, start background operations
+    PS2->>CP: Accepted
+    CP->>CP: Monitor PS2 last record lsn, ensure OK lag
+    CP->>CP: Change pageserver id in project
+    CP->>PS1: Detach
+```
+
+The downside of this sequence is the potential rollback process. What if something goes wrong on new pageserver? Can we safely roll back to source pageserver?
+
+There are two questions:
+
+#### How can we detect that something went wrong?
+
+We can run usual availability check (consists of compute startup and an update of one row).
+Note that we cant run separate compute for that before touching compute that client runs actual workload on, because we cant have two simultaneous computes running in read-write mode on the same timeline (enforced by safekeepers consensus algorithm). So we can either run some readonly check first (basebackup) and then change pageserver id and run availability check. If it failed we can roll it back to the old one.
+
+#### What can go wrong? And how we can safely roll-back?
+
+In the sequence above during attach we start background processes/uploads. They change state in remote storage so it is possible that after rollback remote state will be different from one that was observed by source pageserver. So if target pageserver goes wild then source pageserver may fail to start with changed remote state.
+
+Proposed option would be to implement a barrier (read-only) mode when pageserver does not update remote state.
+
+So the sequence for happy path becomes this one:
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    autonumber
+    participant CP as Control Plane
+    participant PS1 as Pageserver 1
+    participant PS2 as Pageserver 2
+    participant S3
+
+    CP->>PS1: Pause background jobs, pause uploading new layers.
+    CP->>PS2: Attach tenant X in remote readonly mode.
+    PS2->>S3: Fetch timelines, index
+    PS2->>CP: Accepted
+    CP->>CP: Monitor PS2 last record lsn, ensure OK lag
+    CP->>CP: Change pageserver id in project
+    CP->>CP: Run successful availability check
+    CP->>PS2: Start uploads, background tasks
+    CP->>PS1: Detach
+```
+
+With this sequence we restrict any changes to remote storage to one pageserver. So there is no concurrent access at all, not only for index_part.json, but for everything else too. This approach makes it possible to roll back after failure on new pageserver.
+
+The sequence with roll back process:
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    autonumber
+    participant CP as Control Plane
+    participant PS1 as Pageserver 1
+    participant PS2 as Pageserver 2
+    participant S3
+
+    CP->>PS1: Pause background jobs, pause uploading new layers.
+    CP->>PS2: Attach tenant X in remote readonly mode.
+    PS2->>S3: Fetch timelines, index
+    PS2->>CP: Accepted
+    CP->>CP: Monitor PS2 last record lsn, ensure OK lag
+    CP->>CP: Change pageserver id in project
+    CP->>CP: Availability check Failed
+    CP->>CP: Change pageserver id back
+    CP->>PS1: Resume remote operations
+    CP->>PS2: Ignore (instead of detach for investigation purposes)
+```
+
+## Concurrent branch creation
+
+Another problem is a possibility of concurrent branch creation calls.
+
+I e during migration create_branch can be called on old pageserver and newly created branch wont be seen on new pageserver. Prior art includes prototyping an approach of trying to mirror such branches, but currently it lost its importance, because now attach is fast because we dont need to download all data, and additionally to the best of my knowledge of control plane internals (cc @ololobus to confirm) operations on one project are executed sequentially, so it is not possible to have such case. So branch create operation will be executed only when relocation is completed. As a safety measure we can forbid branch creation for tenants that are in readonly remote state.
+
+## Simplistic approach
+
+The difference of simplistic approach from one described above is that it calls ignore on source tenant first and then calls attach on target pageserver. Approach above does it in opposite order thus opening a possibility for race conditions we strive to avoid.
+
+The approach largely follows this guide: <https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/wiki/Cloud:-Ad-hoc-tenant-relocation>
+
+The happy path sequence:
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    autonumber
+    participant CP as Control Plane
+    participant PS1 as Pageserver 1
+    participant PS2 as Pageserver 2
+    participant SK as Safekeeper
+    participant S3
+
+    CP->>CP: Enable maintenance mode
+    CP->>PS1: Ignore
+    CP->>PS2: Attach
+    PS2->>CP: Accepted
+    loop Delete layers for each timeline
+        CP->>PS2: Get last record lsn
+        CP->>SK: Get commit lsn
+        CP->>CP: OK? Timed out?
+    end
+    CP->>CP: Change pageserver id in project
+    CP->>CP: Run successful availability check
+    CP->>CP: Disable maintenance mode
+    CP->>PS1: Detach ignored
+```
+
+The sequence contains exactly the same rollback problems as in previous approach described above. They can be resolved the same way.
+
+Most probably we'd like to move forward without this safety measure and implement it on top of this approach to make progress towards the downtime-less one.
+
+## Lease based approach
+
+In order to allow for concurrent operation on the same data on remote storage for multiple pageservers we need to go further than external orchestration.
+
+NOTE: [020. Pageserver S3 Coordination](020-pageserver-s3-coordination.md) discusses one more approach that relies on duplication of index_part.json for each pageserver operating on the timeline. This approach still requires external coordination which makes certain things easier but requires additional bookkeeping to account for multiple index_part.json files. Discussion/comparison with proposed lease based approach
+
+The problems are outlined in [020. Pageserver S3 Coordination](020-pageserver-s3-coordination.md) and suggested solution includes [Coordination based approach](020-pageserver-s3-coordination.md#coordination-based-approach). This way it will allow to do basic leader election for pageservers so they can decide which node will be responsible for running GC and compaction. The process is based on extensive communication via storage broker and consists of a lease that is taken by one of the pageservers that extends it to continue serving a leader role.
+
+There are two options for ingesting new data into pageserver in follower role. One option is to avoid WAL ingestion at all and rely on notifications from leader to discover new layers on s3. Main downside of this approach is that follower will always lag behind the primary node because it wont have the last layer until it is uploaded to remote storage. In case of a primary failure follower will be required to reingest last segment (up to 256Mb of WAL currently) which slows down recovery. Additionally if compute is connected to follower pageserver it will observe latest data with a delay. Queries from compute will likely experience bigger delays when recent lsn is required.
+
+The second option is to consume WAL stream on both pageservers. In this case the only problem is non deterministic layer generation. Additional bookkeeping will be required to deduplicate layers from primary with local ones. Some process needs to somehow merge them to remove duplicated data. Additionally we need to have good testing coverage to ensure that our implementation of `get_page@lsn` properly handles intersecting layers.
+
+There is another tradeoff. Approaches may be different in amount of traffic between system components. With first approach there can be increased traffic between follower and remote storage. But only in case follower has some activity that actually requests pages (!). With other approach traffic increase will be permanent and will be caused by two WAL streams instead of one.
+
+## Summary
+
+Proposed implementation strategy:
+
+Go with the simplest approach for now. Then work on tech debt, increase test coverage. Then gradually move forward to second approach by implementing safety measures first, finishing with switch of order between ignore and attach operation.
+
+And only then go to lease based approach to solve HA/Pageserver replica use cases.

libs/compute_api/src/responses.rs

@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize, Serializer};
 
 use crate::spec::ComputeSpec;
 
-#[derive(Serialize, Debug)]
+#[derive(Serialize, Debug, Deserialize)]
 pub struct GenericAPIError {
     pub error: String,
 }
 
 /// Response of the /status API
-#[derive(Serialize, Debug)]
+#[derive(Serialize, Debug, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
 pub struct ComputeStatusResponse {
     pub start_time: DateTime<Utc>,
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pub struct ComputeStatusResponse {
     pub error: Option<String>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[derive(Deserialize, Serialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
 pub struct ComputeState {
     pub status: ComputeStatus,
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ pub struct ComputeState {
     pub error: Option<String>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Serialize, Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Serialize, Clone, Copy, Debug, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
 pub enum ComputeStatus {
     // Spec wasn't provided at start, waiting for it to be

libs/compute_api/src/spec.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 //! and connect it to the storage nodes.
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
+use utils::id::{TenantId, TimelineId};
 use utils::lsn::Lsn;
 
 /// String type alias representing Postgres identifier and
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ pub type PgIdent = String;
 /// Cluster spec or configuration represented as an optional number of
 /// delta operations + final cluster state description.
 #[serde_as]
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct ComputeSpec {
     pub format_version: f32,
 
@@ -26,9 +27,32 @@ pub struct ComputeSpec {
     pub cluster: Cluster,
     pub delta_operations: Option<Vec<DeltaOp>>,
 
+    // Information needed to connect to the storage layer.
+    //
+    // `tenant_id`, `timeline_id` and `pageserver_connstring` are always needed.
+    //
+    // Depending on `mode`, this can be a primary read-write node, a read-only
+    // replica, or a read-only node pinned at an older LSN.
+    // `safekeeper_connstrings` must be set for a primary.
+    //
+    // For backwards compatibility, the control plane may leave out all of
+    // these, and instead set the "neon.tenant_id", "neon.timeline_id",
+    // etc. GUCs in cluster.settings. TODO: Once the control plane has been
+    // updated to fill these fields, we can make these non optional.
+    #[serde_as(as = "Option<DisplayFromStr>")]
+    pub tenant_id: Option<TenantId>,
+    #[serde_as(as = "Option<DisplayFromStr>")]
+    pub timeline_id: Option<TimelineId>,
+    #[serde_as(as = "Option<DisplayFromStr>")]
+    pub pageserver_connstring: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub safekeeper_connstrings: Vec<String>,
+
     #[serde(default)]
     pub mode: ComputeMode,
 
+    /// If set, 'storage_auth_token' is used as the password to authenticate to
+    /// the pageserver and safekeepers.
     pub storage_auth_token: Option<String>,
 }
 
@@ -47,13 +71,19 @@ pub enum ComputeMode {
     Replica,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct Cluster {
-    pub cluster_id: String,
-    pub name: String,
+    pub cluster_id: Option<String>,
+    pub name: Option<String>,
     pub state: Option<String>,
     pub roles: Vec<Role>,
     pub databases: Vec<Database>,
+
+    /// Desired contents of 'postgresql.conf' file. (The 'compute_ctl'
+    /// tool may add additional settings to the final file.)
+    pub postgresql_conf: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Additional settings that will be appended to the 'postgresql.conf' file.
     pub settings: GenericOptions,
 }
 
@@ -63,7 +93,7 @@ pub struct Cluster {
 /// - DROP ROLE
 /// - ALTER ROLE name RENAME TO new_name
 /// - ALTER DATABASE name RENAME TO new_name
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct DeltaOp {
     pub action: String,
     pub name: PgIdent,
@@ -72,7 +102,7 @@ pub struct DeltaOp {
 
 /// Rust representation of Postgres role info with only those fields
 /// that matter for us.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct Role {
     pub name: PgIdent,
     pub encrypted_password: Option<String>,
@@ -81,7 +111,7 @@ pub struct Role {
 
 /// Rust representation of Postgres database info with only those fields
 /// that matter for us.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct Database {
     pub name: PgIdent,
     pub owner: PgIdent,
@@ -91,7 +121,7 @@ pub struct Database {
 /// Common type representing both SQL statement params with or without value,
 /// like `LOGIN` or `OWNER username` in the `CREATE/ALTER ROLE`, and config
 /// options like `wal_level = logical`.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct GenericOption {
     pub name: String,
     pub value: Option<String>,

libs/pageserver_api/src/models.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,29 @@ use crate::reltag::RelTag;
 use anyhow::bail;
 use bytes::{BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
 
-/// A state of a tenant in pageserver's memory.
+/// The state of a tenant in this pageserver.
+///
+/// ```mermaid
+/// stateDiagram-v2
+///
+///     [*] --> Loading: spawn_load()
+///     [*] --> Attaching: spawn_attach()
+///
+///     Loading --> Activating: activate()
+///     Attaching --> Activating: activate()
+///     Activating --> Active: infallible
+///
+///     Loading --> Broken: load() failure
+///     Attaching --> Broken: attach() failure
+///
+///     Active --> Stopping: set_stopping(), part of shutdown & detach
+///     Stopping --> Broken: late error in remove_tenant_from_memory
+///
+///     Broken --> [*]: ignore / detach / shutdown
+///     Stopping --> [*]: remove_from_memory complete
+///
+///     Active --> Broken: cfg(testing)-only tenant break point
+/// ```
 #[derive(
     Clone,
     PartialEq,
@@ -26,35 +48,77 @@ use bytes::{BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
     serde::Serialize,
     serde::Deserialize,
     strum_macros::Display,
-    strum_macros::EnumString,
     strum_macros::EnumVariantNames,
     strum_macros::AsRefStr,
     strum_macros::IntoStaticStr,
 )]
 #[serde(tag = "slug", content = "data")]
 pub enum TenantState {
-    /// This tenant is being loaded from local disk
+    /// This tenant is being loaded from local disk.
+    ///
+    /// `set_stopping()` and `set_broken()` do not work in this state and wait for it to pass.
     Loading,
-    /// This tenant is being downloaded from cloud storage.
+    /// This tenant is being attached to the pageserver.
+    ///
+    /// `set_stopping()` and `set_broken()` do not work in this state and wait for it to pass.
     Attaching,
-    /// Tenant is fully operational
+    /// The tenant is transitioning from Loading/Attaching to Active.
+    ///
+    /// While in this state, the individual timelines are being activated.
+    ///
+    /// `set_stopping()` and `set_broken()` do not work in this state and wait for it to pass.
+    Activating(ActivatingFrom),
+    /// The tenant has finished activating and is open for business.
+    ///
+    /// Transitions out of this state are possible through `set_stopping()` and `set_broken()`.
     Active,
-    /// A tenant is recognized by pageserver, but it is being detached or the
+    /// The tenant is recognized by pageserver, but it is being detached or the
     /// system is being shut down.
+    ///
+    /// Transitions out of this state are possible through `set_broken()`.
     Stopping,
-    /// A tenant is recognized by the pageserver, but can no longer be used for
-    /// any operations, because it failed to be activated.
+    /// The tenant is recognized by the pageserver, but can no longer be used for
+    /// any operations.
+    ///
+    /// If the tenant fails to load or attach, it will transition to this state
+    /// and it is guaranteed that no background tasks are running in its name.
+    ///
+    /// The other way to transition into this state is from `Stopping` state
+    /// through `set_broken()` called from `remove_tenant_from_memory()`. That happens
+    /// if the cleanup future executed by `remove_tenant_from_memory()` fails.
     Broken { reason: String, backtrace: String },
 }
 
 impl TenantState {
-    pub fn has_in_progress_downloads(&self) -> bool {
+    pub fn attachment_status(&self) -> TenantAttachmentStatus {
+        use TenantAttachmentStatus::*;
+
+        // Below TenantState::Activating is used as "transient" or "transparent" state for
+        // attachment_status determining.
         match self {
-            Self::Loading => true,
-            Self::Attaching => true,
-            Self::Active => false,
-            Self::Stopping => false,
-            Self::Broken { .. } => false,
+            // The attach procedure writes the marker file before adding the Attaching tenant to the tenants map.
+            // So, technically, we can return Attached here.
+            // However, as soon as Console observes Attached, it will proceed with the Postgres-level health check.
+            // But, our attach task might still be fetching the remote timelines, etc.
+            // So, return `Maybe` while Attaching, making Console wait for the attach task to finish.
+            Self::Attaching | Self::Activating(ActivatingFrom::Attaching) => Maybe,
+            // tenant mgr startup distinguishes attaching from loading via marker file.
+            // If it's loading, there is no attach marker file, i.e., attach had finished in the past.
+            Self::Loading | Self::Activating(ActivatingFrom::Loading) => Attached,
+            // We only reach Active after successful load / attach.
+            // So, call atttachment status Attached.
+            Self::Active => Attached,
+            // If the (initial or resumed) attach procedure fails, the tenant becomes Broken.
+            // However, it also becomes Broken if the regular load fails.
+            // From Console's perspective there's no practical difference
+            // because attachment_status is polled by console only during attach operation execution.
+            Self::Broken { reason, .. } => Failed {
+                reason: reason.to_owned(),
+            },
+            // Why is Stopping a Maybe case? Because, during pageserver shutdown,
+            // we set the Stopping state irrespective of whether the tenant
+            // has finished attaching or not.
+            Self::Stopping => Maybe,
         }
     }
 
@@ -78,8 +142,17 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for TenantState {
     }
 }
 
+/// The only [`TenantState`] variants we could be `TenantState::Activating` from.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+pub enum ActivatingFrom {
+    /// Arrived to [`TenantState::Activating`] from [`TenantState::Loading`]
+    Loading,
+    /// Arrived to [`TenantState::Activating`] from [`TenantState::Attaching`]
+    Attaching,
+}
+
 /// A state of a timeline in pageserver's memory.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum TimelineState {
     /// The timeline is recognized by the pageserver but is not yet operational.
     /// In particular, the walreceiver connection loop is not running for this timeline.
@@ -92,15 +165,14 @@ pub enum TimelineState {
     /// It cannot transition back into any other state.
     Stopping,
     /// The timeline is broken and not operational (previous states: Loading or Active).
-    Broken,
+    Broken { reason: String, backtrace: String },
 }
 
 #[serde_as]
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct TimelineCreateRequest {
-    #[serde(default)]
-    #[serde_as(as = "Option<DisplayFromStr>")]
-    pub new_timeline_id: Option<TimelineId>,
+    #[serde_as(as = "DisplayFromStr")]
+    pub new_timeline_id: TimelineId,
     #[serde(default)]
     #[serde_as(as = "Option<DisplayFromStr>")]
     pub ancestor_timeline_id: Option<TimelineId>,
@@ -111,11 +183,25 @@ pub struct TimelineCreateRequest {
 }
 
 #[serde_as]
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
 pub struct TenantCreateRequest {
-    #[serde(default)]
-    #[serde_as(as = "Option<DisplayFromStr>")]
-    pub new_tenant_id: Option<TenantId>,
+    #[serde_as(as = "DisplayFromStr")]
+    pub new_tenant_id: TenantId,
+    #[serde(flatten)]
+    pub config: TenantConfig, // as we have a flattened field, we should reject all unknown fields in it
+}
+
+impl std::ops::Deref for TenantCreateRequest {
+    type Target = TenantConfig;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.config
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct TenantConfig {
     pub checkpoint_distance: Option<u64>,
     pub checkpoint_timeout: Option<String>,
     pub compaction_target_size: Option<u64>,
@@ -136,6 +222,7 @@ pub struct TenantCreateRequest {
     pub eviction_policy: Option<serde_json::Value>,
     pub min_resident_size_override: Option<u64>,
     pub evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold: Option<String>,
+    pub gc_feedback: Option<bool>,
 }
 
 #[serde_as]
@@ -149,46 +236,35 @@ pub struct StatusResponse {
 }
 
 impl TenantCreateRequest {
-    pub fn new(new_tenant_id: Option<TenantId>) -> TenantCreateRequest {
+    pub fn new(new_tenant_id: TenantId) -> TenantCreateRequest {
         TenantCreateRequest {
             new_tenant_id,
-            ..Default::default()
+            config: TenantConfig::default(),
         }
     }
 }
 
 #[serde_as]
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
 pub struct TenantConfigRequest {
     #[serde_as(as = "DisplayFromStr")]
     pub tenant_id: TenantId,
-    #[serde(default)]
-    pub checkpoint_distance: Option<u64>,
-    pub checkpoint_timeout: Option<String>,
-    pub compaction_target_size: Option<u64>,
-    pub compaction_period: Option<String>,
-    pub compaction_threshold: Option<usize>,
-    pub gc_horizon: Option<u64>,
-    pub gc_period: Option<String>,
-    pub image_creation_threshold: Option<usize>,
-    pub pitr_interval: Option<String>,
-    pub walreceiver_connect_timeout: Option<String>,
-    pub lagging_wal_timeout: Option<String>,
-    pub max_lsn_wal_lag: Option<NonZeroU64>,
-    pub trace_read_requests: Option<bool>,
-    // We defer the parsing of the eviction_policy field to the request handler.
-    // Otherwise we'd have to move the types for eviction policy into this package.
-    // We might do that once the eviction feature has stabilizied.
-    // For now, this field is not even documented in the openapi_spec.yml.
-    pub eviction_policy: Option<serde_json::Value>,
-    pub min_resident_size_override: Option<u64>,
-    pub evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(flatten)]
+    pub config: TenantConfig, // as we have a flattened field, we should reject all unknown fields in it
+}
+
+impl std::ops::Deref for TenantConfigRequest {
+    type Target = TenantConfig;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.config
+    }
 }
 
 impl TenantConfigRequest {
     pub fn new(tenant_id: TenantId) -> TenantConfigRequest {
-        TenantConfigRequest {
-            tenant_id,
+        let config = TenantConfig {
             checkpoint_distance: None,
             checkpoint_timeout: None,
             compaction_target_size: None,
@@ -205,20 +281,54 @@ impl TenantConfigRequest {
             eviction_policy: None,
             min_resident_size_override: None,
             evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold: None,
-        }
+            gc_feedback: None,
+        };
+        TenantConfigRequest { tenant_id, config }
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct TenantAttachRequest {
+    pub config: TenantAttachConfig,
+}
+
+/// Newtype to enforce deny_unknown_fields on TenantConfig for
+/// its usage inside `TenantAttachRequest`.
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct TenantAttachConfig {
+    #[serde(flatten)]
+    allowing_unknown_fields: TenantConfig,
+}
+
+impl std::ops::Deref for TenantAttachConfig {
+    type Target = TenantConfig;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.allowing_unknown_fields
+    }
+}
+
+/// See [`TenantState::attachment_status`] and the OpenAPI docs for context.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
+#[serde(tag = "slug", content = "data", rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum TenantAttachmentStatus {
+    Maybe,
+    Attached,
+    Failed { reason: String },
+}
+
 #[serde_as]
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
 pub struct TenantInfo {
     #[serde_as(as = "DisplayFromStr")]
     pub id: TenantId,
+    // NB: intentionally not part of OpenAPI, we don't want to commit to a specific set of TenantState's
     pub state: TenantState,
     /// Sum of the size of all layer files.
     /// If a layer is present in both local FS and S3, it counts only once.
     pub current_physical_size: Option<u64>, // physical size is only included in `tenant_status` endpoint
-    pub has_in_progress_downloads: Option<bool>,
+    pub attachment_status: TenantAttachmentStatus,
 }
 
 /// This represents the output of the "timeline_detail" and "timeline_list" API calls.
@@ -691,7 +801,7 @@ mod tests {
             id: TenantId::generate(),
             state: TenantState::Active,
             current_physical_size: Some(42),
-            has_in_progress_downloads: Some(false),
+            attachment_status: TenantAttachmentStatus::Attached,
         };
         let expected_active = json!({
             "id": original_active.id.to_string(),
@@ -699,7 +809,9 @@ mod tests {
                 "slug": "Active",
             },
             "current_physical_size": 42,
-            "has_in_progress_downloads": false,
+            "attachment_status": {
+                "slug":"attached",
+            }
         });
 
         let original_broken = TenantInfo {
@@ -709,7 +821,7 @@ mod tests {
                 backtrace: "backtrace info".into(),
             },
             current_physical_size: Some(42),
-            has_in_progress_downloads: Some(false),
+            attachment_status: TenantAttachmentStatus::Attached,
         };
         let expected_broken = json!({
             "id": original_broken.id.to_string(),
@@ -721,7 +833,9 @@ mod tests {
                 }
             },
             "current_physical_size": 42,
-            "has_in_progress_downloads": false,
+            "attachment_status": {
+                "slug":"attached",
+            }
         });
 
         assert_eq!(
@@ -736,4 +850,94 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(format!("{:?}", &original_broken.state).contains("reason"));
         assert!(format!("{:?}", &original_broken.state).contains("backtrace info"));
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_reject_unknown_field() {
+        let id = TenantId::generate();
+        let create_request = json!({
+            "new_tenant_id": id.to_string(),
+            "unknown_field": "unknown_value".to_string(),
+        });
+        let err = serde_json::from_value::<TenantCreateRequest>(create_request).unwrap_err();
+        assert!(
+            err.to_string().contains("unknown field `unknown_field`"),
+            "expect unknown field `unknown_field` error, got: {}",
+            err
+        );
+
+        let id = TenantId::generate();
+        let config_request = json!({
+            "tenant_id": id.to_string(),
+            "unknown_field": "unknown_value".to_string(),
+        });
+        let err = serde_json::from_value::<TenantConfigRequest>(config_request).unwrap_err();
+        assert!(
+            err.to_string().contains("unknown field `unknown_field`"),
+            "expect unknown field `unknown_field` error, got: {}",
+            err
+        );
+
+        let attach_request = json!({
+            "config": {
+                "unknown_field": "unknown_value".to_string(),
+            },
+        });
+        let err = serde_json::from_value::<TenantAttachRequest>(attach_request).unwrap_err();
+        assert!(
+            err.to_string().contains("unknown field `unknown_field`"),
+            "expect unknown field `unknown_field` error, got: {}",
+            err
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tenantstatus_activating_serde() {
+        let states = [
+            TenantState::Activating(ActivatingFrom::Loading),
+            TenantState::Activating(ActivatingFrom::Attaching),
+        ];
+        let expected = "[{\"slug\":\"Activating\",\"data\":\"Loading\"},{\"slug\":\"Activating\",\"data\":\"Attaching\"}]";
+
+        let actual = serde_json::to_string(&states).unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(actual, expected);
+
+        let parsed = serde_json::from_str::<Vec<TenantState>>(&actual).unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(states.as_slice(), &parsed);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tenantstatus_activating_strum() {
+        // tests added, because we use these for metrics
+        let examples = [
+            (line!(), TenantState::Loading, "Loading"),
+            (line!(), TenantState::Attaching, "Attaching"),
+            (
+                line!(),
+                TenantState::Activating(ActivatingFrom::Loading),
+                "Activating",
+            ),
+            (
+                line!(),
+                TenantState::Activating(ActivatingFrom::Attaching),
+                "Activating",
+            ),
+            (line!(), TenantState::Active, "Active"),
+            (line!(), TenantState::Stopping, "Stopping"),
+            (
+                line!(),
+                TenantState::Broken {
+                    reason: "Example".into(),
+                    backtrace: "Looooong backtrace".into(),
+                },
+                "Broken",
+            ),
+        ];
+
+        for (line, rendered, expected) in examples {
+            let actual: &'static str = rendered.into();
+            assert_eq!(actual, expected, "example on {line}");
+        }
+    }
 }

libs/postgres_ffi/Cargo.toml

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ workspace_hack.workspace = true
 [dev-dependencies]
 env_logger.workspace = true
 postgres.workspace = true
-wal_craft = { path = "wal_craft" }
 
 [build-dependencies]
 anyhow.workspace = true

libs/postgres_ffi/src/lib.rs

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ macro_rules! postgres_ffi {
             }
             pub mod controlfile_utils;
             pub mod nonrelfile_utils;
+            pub mod wal_craft_test_export;
             pub mod waldecoder_handler;
             pub mod xlog_utils;
 
@@ -45,8 +46,15 @@ macro_rules! postgres_ffi {
     };
 }
 
-postgres_ffi!(v14);
-postgres_ffi!(v15);
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! for_all_postgres_versions {
+    ($macro:tt) => {
+        $macro!(v14);
+        $macro!(v15);
+    };
+}
+
+for_all_postgres_versions! { postgres_ffi }
 
 pub mod pg_constants;
 pub mod relfile_utils;

libs/postgres_ffi/src/pg_constants.rs

@@ -146,6 +146,10 @@ pub const XLH_UPDATE_OLD_ALL_VISIBLE_CLEARED: u8 = (1 << 0) as u8;
 pub const XLH_UPDATE_NEW_ALL_VISIBLE_CLEARED: u8 = (1 << 1) as u8;
 pub const XLH_DELETE_ALL_VISIBLE_CLEARED: u8 = (1 << 0) as u8;
 
+// From replication/message.h
+pub const XLOG_LOGICAL_MESSAGE: u8 = 0x00;
+
+// From rmgrlist.h
 pub const RM_XLOG_ID: u8 = 0;
 pub const RM_XACT_ID: u8 = 1;
 pub const RM_SMGR_ID: u8 = 2;
@@ -157,6 +161,7 @@ pub const RM_RELMAP_ID: u8 = 7;
 pub const RM_STANDBY_ID: u8 = 8;
 pub const RM_HEAP2_ID: u8 = 9;
 pub const RM_HEAP_ID: u8 = 10;
+pub const RM_LOGICALMSG_ID: u8 = 21;
 
 // from xlogreader.h
 pub const XLR_INFO_MASK: u8 = 0x0F;

libs/postgres_ffi/src/wal_craft_test_export.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//! This module is for WAL craft to test with postgres_ffi. Should not import any thing in normal usage.
+
+pub use super::PG_MAJORVERSION;
+pub use super::xlog_utils::*;
+pub use super::bindings::*;
+pub use crate::WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE;

libs/postgres_ffi/src/xlog_utils.rs

@@ -481,220 +481,4 @@ pub fn encode_logical_message(prefix: &str, message: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
     wal
 }
 
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::super::PG_MAJORVERSION;
-    use super::*;
-    use regex::Regex;
-    use std::cmp::min;
-    use std::fs;
-    use std::{env, str::FromStr};
-    use utils::const_assert;
-
-    fn init_logging() {
-        let _ = env_logger::Builder::from_env(env_logger::Env::default().default_filter_or(
-            format!("wal_craft=info,postgres_ffi::{PG_MAJORVERSION}::xlog_utils=trace"),
-        ))
-        .is_test(true)
-        .try_init();
-    }
-
-    fn test_end_of_wal<C: wal_craft::Crafter>(test_name: &str) {
-        use wal_craft::*;
-
-        let pg_version = PG_MAJORVERSION[1..3].parse::<u32>().unwrap();
-
-        // Craft some WAL
-        let top_path = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
-            .join("..")
-            .join("..");
-        let cfg = Conf {
-            pg_version,
-            pg_distrib_dir: top_path.join("pg_install"),
-            datadir: top_path.join(format!("test_output/{}-{PG_MAJORVERSION}", test_name)),
-        };
-        if cfg.datadir.exists() {
-            fs::remove_dir_all(&cfg.datadir).unwrap();
-        }
-        cfg.initdb().unwrap();
-        let srv = cfg.start_server().unwrap();
-        let (intermediate_lsns, expected_end_of_wal_partial) =
-            C::craft(&mut srv.connect_with_timeout().unwrap()).unwrap();
-        let intermediate_lsns: Vec<Lsn> = intermediate_lsns
-            .iter()
-            .map(|&lsn| u64::from(lsn).into())
-            .collect();
-        let expected_end_of_wal: Lsn = u64::from(expected_end_of_wal_partial).into();
-        srv.kill();
-
-        // Check find_end_of_wal on the initial WAL
-        let last_segment = cfg
-            .wal_dir()
-            .read_dir()
-            .unwrap()
-            .map(|f| f.unwrap().file_name().into_string().unwrap())
-            .filter(|fname| IsXLogFileName(fname))
-            .max()
-            .unwrap();
-        check_pg_waldump_end_of_wal(&cfg, &last_segment, expected_end_of_wal);
-        for start_lsn in intermediate_lsns
-            .iter()
-            .chain(std::iter::once(&expected_end_of_wal))
-        {
-            // Erase all WAL before `start_lsn` to ensure it's not used by `find_end_of_wal`.
-            // We assume that `start_lsn` is non-decreasing.
-            info!(
-                "Checking with start_lsn={}, erasing WAL before it",
-                start_lsn
-            );
-            for file in fs::read_dir(cfg.wal_dir()).unwrap().flatten() {
-                let fname = file.file_name().into_string().unwrap();
-                if !IsXLogFileName(&fname) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                let (segno, _) = XLogFromFileName(&fname, WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE);
-                let seg_start_lsn = XLogSegNoOffsetToRecPtr(segno, 0, WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE);
-                if seg_start_lsn > u64::from(*start_lsn) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                let mut f = File::options().write(true).open(file.path()).unwrap();
-                const ZEROS: [u8; WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE] = [0u8; WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE];
-                f.write_all(
-                    &ZEROS[0..min(
-                        WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE,
-                        (u64::from(*start_lsn) - seg_start_lsn) as usize,
-                    )],
-                )
-                .unwrap();
-            }
-            check_end_of_wal(&cfg, &last_segment, *start_lsn, expected_end_of_wal);
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn check_pg_waldump_end_of_wal(
-        cfg: &wal_craft::Conf,
-        last_segment: &str,
-        expected_end_of_wal: Lsn,
-    ) {
-        // Get the actual end of WAL by pg_waldump
-        let waldump_output = cfg
-            .pg_waldump("000000010000000000000001", last_segment)
-            .unwrap()
-            .stderr;
-        let waldump_output = std::str::from_utf8(&waldump_output).unwrap();
-        let caps = match Regex::new(r"invalid record length at (.+):")
-            .unwrap()
-            .captures(waldump_output)
-        {
-            Some(caps) => caps,
-            None => {
-                error!("Unable to parse pg_waldump's stderr:\n{}", waldump_output);
-                panic!();
-            }
-        };
-        let waldump_wal_end = Lsn::from_str(caps.get(1).unwrap().as_str()).unwrap();
-        info!(
-            "waldump erred on {}, expected wal end at {}",
-            waldump_wal_end, expected_end_of_wal
-        );
-        assert_eq!(waldump_wal_end, expected_end_of_wal);
-    }
-
-    fn check_end_of_wal(
-        cfg: &wal_craft::Conf,
-        last_segment: &str,
-        start_lsn: Lsn,
-        expected_end_of_wal: Lsn,
-    ) {
-        // Check end_of_wal on non-partial WAL segment (we treat it as fully populated)
-        // let wal_end = find_end_of_wal(&cfg.wal_dir(), WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE, start_lsn).unwrap();
-        // info!(
-        //     "find_end_of_wal returned wal_end={} with non-partial WAL segment",
-        //     wal_end
-        // );
-        // assert_eq!(wal_end, expected_end_of_wal_non_partial);
-
-        // Rename file to partial to actually find last valid lsn, then rename it back.
-        fs::rename(
-            cfg.wal_dir().join(last_segment),
-            cfg.wal_dir().join(format!("{}.partial", last_segment)),
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        let wal_end = find_end_of_wal(&cfg.wal_dir(), WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE, start_lsn).unwrap();
-        info!(
-            "find_end_of_wal returned wal_end={} with partial WAL segment",
-            wal_end
-        );
-        assert_eq!(wal_end, expected_end_of_wal);
-        fs::rename(
-            cfg.wal_dir().join(format!("{}.partial", last_segment)),
-            cfg.wal_dir().join(last_segment),
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-    }
-
-    const_assert!(WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE == 16 * 1024 * 1024);
-
-    #[test]
-    pub fn test_find_end_of_wal_simple() {
-        init_logging();
-        test_end_of_wal::<wal_craft::Simple>("test_find_end_of_wal_simple");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    pub fn test_find_end_of_wal_crossing_segment_followed_by_small_one() {
-        init_logging();
-        test_end_of_wal::<wal_craft::WalRecordCrossingSegmentFollowedBySmallOne>(
-            "test_find_end_of_wal_crossing_segment_followed_by_small_one",
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    pub fn test_find_end_of_wal_last_crossing_segment() {
-        init_logging();
-        test_end_of_wal::<wal_craft::LastWalRecordCrossingSegment>(
-            "test_find_end_of_wal_last_crossing_segment",
-        );
-    }
-
-    /// Check the math in update_next_xid
-    ///
-    /// NOTE: These checks are sensitive to the value of XID_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL,
-    /// currently 1024.
-    #[test]
-    pub fn test_update_next_xid() {
-        let checkpoint_buf = [0u8; std::mem::size_of::<CheckPoint>()];
-        let mut checkpoint = CheckPoint::decode(&checkpoint_buf).unwrap();
-
-        checkpoint.nextXid = FullTransactionId { value: 10 };
-        assert_eq!(checkpoint.nextXid.value, 10);
-
-        // The input XID gets rounded up to the next XID_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL
-        // boundary
-        checkpoint.update_next_xid(100);
-        assert_eq!(checkpoint.nextXid.value, 1024);
-
-        // No change
-        checkpoint.update_next_xid(500);
-        assert_eq!(checkpoint.nextXid.value, 1024);
-        checkpoint.update_next_xid(1023);
-        assert_eq!(checkpoint.nextXid.value, 1024);
-
-        // The function returns the *next* XID, given the highest XID seen so
-        // far. So when we pass 1024, the nextXid gets bumped up to the next
-        // XID_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL boundary.
-        checkpoint.update_next_xid(1024);
-        assert_eq!(checkpoint.nextXid.value, 2048);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    pub fn test_encode_logical_message() {
-        let expected = [
-            64, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 21, 0, 0, 170, 34, 166, 227, 255,
-            38, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 112, 114,
-            101, 102, 105, 120, 0, 109, 101, 115, 115, 97, 103, 101,
-        ];
-        let actual = encode_logical_message("prefix", "message");
-        assert_eq!(expected, actual[..]);
-    }
-}
+// If you need to craft WAL and write tests for this module, put it at wal_craft crate.

libs/postgres_ffi/wal_craft/Cargo.toml

@@ -15,3 +15,7 @@ postgres_ffi.workspace = true
 tempfile.workspace = true
 
 workspace_hack.workspace = true
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+regex.workspace = true
+utils.workspace = true

libs/postgres_ffi/wal_craft/src/lib.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,20 @@ use std::process::Command;
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 use tempfile::{tempdir, TempDir};
 
+macro_rules! xlog_utils_test {
+    ($version:ident) => {
+        #[path = "."]
+        mod $version {
+            pub use postgres_ffi::$version::wal_craft_test_export::*;
+            #[allow(clippy::duplicate_mod)]
+            #[cfg(test)]
+            mod xlog_utils_test;
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+postgres_ffi::for_all_postgres_versions! { xlog_utils_test }
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Conf {
     pub pg_version: u32,

libs/postgres_ffi/wal_craft/src/xlog_utils_test.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+//! Tests for postgres_ffi xlog_utils module. Put it here to break cyclic dependency.
+
+use super::*;
+use crate::{error, info};
+use regex::Regex;
+use std::cmp::min;
+use std::fs::{self, File};
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::{env, str::FromStr};
+use utils::const_assert;
+use utils::lsn::Lsn;
+
+fn init_logging() {
+    let _ = env_logger::Builder::from_env(env_logger::Env::default().default_filter_or(
+        format!("crate=info,postgres_ffi::{PG_MAJORVERSION}::xlog_utils=trace"),
+    ))
+    .is_test(true)
+    .try_init();
+}
+
+fn test_end_of_wal<C: crate::Crafter>(test_name: &str) {
+    use crate::*;
+
+    let pg_version = PG_MAJORVERSION[1..3].parse::<u32>().unwrap();
+
+    // Craft some WAL
+    let top_path = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+        .join("..")
+        .join("..")
+        .join("..");
+    let cfg = Conf {
+        pg_version,
+        pg_distrib_dir: top_path.join("pg_install"),
+        datadir: top_path.join(format!("test_output/{}-{PG_MAJORVERSION}", test_name)),
+    };
+    if cfg.datadir.exists() {
+        fs::remove_dir_all(&cfg.datadir).unwrap();
+    }
+    cfg.initdb().unwrap();
+    let srv = cfg.start_server().unwrap();
+    let (intermediate_lsns, expected_end_of_wal_partial) =
+        C::craft(&mut srv.connect_with_timeout().unwrap()).unwrap();
+    let intermediate_lsns: Vec<Lsn> = intermediate_lsns
+        .iter()
+        .map(|&lsn| u64::from(lsn).into())
+        .collect();
+    let expected_end_of_wal: Lsn = u64::from(expected_end_of_wal_partial).into();
+    srv.kill();
+
+    // Check find_end_of_wal on the initial WAL
+    let last_segment = cfg
+        .wal_dir()
+        .read_dir()
+        .unwrap()
+        .map(|f| f.unwrap().file_name().into_string().unwrap())
+        .filter(|fname| IsXLogFileName(fname))
+        .max()
+        .unwrap();
+    check_pg_waldump_end_of_wal(&cfg, &last_segment, expected_end_of_wal);
+    for start_lsn in intermediate_lsns
+        .iter()
+        .chain(std::iter::once(&expected_end_of_wal))
+    {
+        // Erase all WAL before `start_lsn` to ensure it's not used by `find_end_of_wal`.
+        // We assume that `start_lsn` is non-decreasing.
+        info!(
+            "Checking with start_lsn={}, erasing WAL before it",
+            start_lsn
+        );
+        for file in fs::read_dir(cfg.wal_dir()).unwrap().flatten() {
+            let fname = file.file_name().into_string().unwrap();
+            if !IsXLogFileName(&fname) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let (segno, _) = XLogFromFileName(&fname, WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE);
+            let seg_start_lsn = XLogSegNoOffsetToRecPtr(segno, 0, WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE);
+            if seg_start_lsn > u64::from(*start_lsn) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let mut f = File::options().write(true).open(file.path()).unwrap();
+            const ZEROS: [u8; WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE] = [0u8; WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE];
+            f.write_all(
+                &ZEROS[0..min(
+                    WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE,
+                    (u64::from(*start_lsn) - seg_start_lsn) as usize,
+                )],
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+        }
+        check_end_of_wal(&cfg, &last_segment, *start_lsn, expected_end_of_wal);
+    }
+}
+
+fn check_pg_waldump_end_of_wal(
+    cfg: &crate::Conf,
+    last_segment: &str,
+    expected_end_of_wal: Lsn,
+) {
+    // Get the actual end of WAL by pg_waldump
+    let waldump_output = cfg
+        .pg_waldump("000000010000000000000001", last_segment)
+        .unwrap()
+        .stderr;
+    let waldump_output = std::str::from_utf8(&waldump_output).unwrap();
+    let caps = match Regex::new(r"invalid record length at (.+):")
+        .unwrap()
+        .captures(waldump_output)
+    {
+        Some(caps) => caps,
+        None => {
+            error!("Unable to parse pg_waldump's stderr:\n{}", waldump_output);
+            panic!();
+        }
+    };
+    let waldump_wal_end = Lsn::from_str(caps.get(1).unwrap().as_str()).unwrap();
+    info!(
+        "waldump erred on {}, expected wal end at {}",
+        waldump_wal_end, expected_end_of_wal
+    );
+    assert_eq!(waldump_wal_end, expected_end_of_wal);
+}
+
+fn check_end_of_wal(
+    cfg: &crate::Conf,
+    last_segment: &str,
+    start_lsn: Lsn,
+    expected_end_of_wal: Lsn,
+) {
+    // Check end_of_wal on non-partial WAL segment (we treat it as fully populated)
+    // let wal_end = find_end_of_wal(&cfg.wal_dir(), WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE, start_lsn).unwrap();
+    // info!(
+    //     "find_end_of_wal returned wal_end={} with non-partial WAL segment",
+    //     wal_end
+    // );
+    // assert_eq!(wal_end, expected_end_of_wal_non_partial);
+
+    // Rename file to partial to actually find last valid lsn, then rename it back.
+    fs::rename(
+        cfg.wal_dir().join(last_segment),
+        cfg.wal_dir().join(format!("{}.partial", last_segment)),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    let wal_end = find_end_of_wal(&cfg.wal_dir(), WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE, start_lsn).unwrap();
+    info!(
+        "find_end_of_wal returned wal_end={} with partial WAL segment",
+        wal_end
+    );
+    assert_eq!(wal_end, expected_end_of_wal);
+    fs::rename(
+        cfg.wal_dir().join(format!("{}.partial", last_segment)),
+        cfg.wal_dir().join(last_segment),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+}
+
+const_assert!(WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE == 16 * 1024 * 1024);
+
+#[test]
+pub fn test_find_end_of_wal_simple() {
+    init_logging();
+    test_end_of_wal::<crate::Simple>("test_find_end_of_wal_simple");
+}
+
+#[test]
+pub fn test_find_end_of_wal_crossing_segment_followed_by_small_one() {
+    init_logging();
+    test_end_of_wal::<crate::WalRecordCrossingSegmentFollowedBySmallOne>(
+        "test_find_end_of_wal_crossing_segment_followed_by_small_one",
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+pub fn test_find_end_of_wal_last_crossing_segment() {
+    init_logging();
+    test_end_of_wal::<crate::LastWalRecordCrossingSegment>(
+        "test_find_end_of_wal_last_crossing_segment",
+    );
+}
+
+/// Check the math in update_next_xid
+///
+/// NOTE: These checks are sensitive to the value of XID_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL,
+/// currently 1024.
+#[test]
+pub fn test_update_next_xid() {
+    let checkpoint_buf = [0u8; std::mem::size_of::<CheckPoint>()];
+    let mut checkpoint = CheckPoint::decode(&checkpoint_buf).unwrap();
+
+    checkpoint.nextXid = FullTransactionId { value: 10 };
+    assert_eq!(checkpoint.nextXid.value, 10);
+
+    // The input XID gets rounded up to the next XID_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL
+    // boundary
+    checkpoint.update_next_xid(100);
+    assert_eq!(checkpoint.nextXid.value, 1024);
+
+    // No change
+    checkpoint.update_next_xid(500);
+    assert_eq!(checkpoint.nextXid.value, 1024);
+    checkpoint.update_next_xid(1023);
+    assert_eq!(checkpoint.nextXid.value, 1024);
+
+    // The function returns the *next* XID, given the highest XID seen so
+    // far. So when we pass 1024, the nextXid gets bumped up to the next
+    // XID_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL boundary.
+    checkpoint.update_next_xid(1024);
+    assert_eq!(checkpoint.nextXid.value, 2048);
+}
+
+#[test]
+pub fn test_encode_logical_message() {
+    let expected = [
+        64, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 21, 0, 0, 170, 34, 166, 227, 255,
+        38, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 112, 114,
+        101, 102, 105, 120, 0, 109, 101, 115, 115, 97, 103, 101,
+    ];
+    let actual = encode_logical_message("prefix", "message");
+    assert_eq!(expected, actual[..]);
+}

libs/remote_storage/Cargo.toml

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ aws-smithy-http.workspace = true
 aws-types.workspace = true
 aws-config.workspace = true
 aws-sdk-s3.workspace = true
+aws-credential-types.workspace = true
 hyper = { workspace = true, features = ["stream"] }
 serde.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true

libs/remote_storage/src/lib.rs

@@ -111,6 +111,8 @@ pub trait RemoteStorage: Send + Sync + 'static {
     ) -> Result<Download, DownloadError>;
 
     async fn delete(&self, path: &RemotePath) -> anyhow::Result<()>;
+
+    async fn delete_objects<'a>(&self, paths: &'a [RemotePath]) -> anyhow::Result<()>;
 }
 
 pub struct Download {
@@ -223,6 +225,14 @@ impl GenericRemoteStorage {
             Self::Unreliable(s) => s.delete(path).await,
         }
     }
+
+    pub async fn delete_objects<'a>(&self, paths: &'a [RemotePath]) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        match self {
+            Self::LocalFs(s) => s.delete_objects(paths).await,
+            Self::AwsS3(s) => s.delete_objects(paths).await,
+            Self::Unreliable(s) => s.delete_objects(paths).await,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl GenericRemoteStorage {

libs/remote_storage/src/local_fs.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use tokio::{
     io::{self, AsyncReadExt, AsyncSeekExt, AsyncWriteExt},
 };
 use tracing::*;
-use utils::crashsafe::path_with_suffix_extension;
+use utils::{crashsafe::path_with_suffix_extension, fs_ext::is_directory_empty};
 
 use crate::{Download, DownloadError, RemotePath};
 
@@ -101,19 +101,35 @@ impl RemoteStorage for LocalFs {
             Some(prefix) => Cow::Owned(prefix.with_base(&self.storage_root)),
             None => Cow::Borrowed(&self.storage_root),
         };
-        Ok(get_all_files(path.as_ref(), false)
+
+        let prefixes_to_filter = get_all_files(path.as_ref(), false)
             .await
-            .map_err(DownloadError::Other)?
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|path| {
-                path.strip_prefix(&self.storage_root)
-                    .context("Failed to strip preifix")
+            .map_err(DownloadError::Other)?;
+
+        let mut prefixes = Vec::with_capacity(prefixes_to_filter.len());
+
+        // filter out empty directories to mirror s3 behavior.
+        for prefix in prefixes_to_filter {
+            if prefix.is_dir()
+                && is_directory_empty(&prefix)
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(DownloadError::Other)?
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            prefixes.push(
+                prefix
+                    .strip_prefix(&self.storage_root)
+                    .context("Failed to strip prefix")
                     .and_then(RemotePath::new)
                     .expect(
                         "We list files for storage root, hence should be able to remote the prefix",
-                    )
-            })
-            .collect())
+                    ),
+            )
+        }
+
+        Ok(prefixes)
     }
 
     async fn upload(
@@ -291,11 +307,25 @@ impl RemoteStorage for LocalFs {
 
     async fn delete(&self, path: &RemotePath) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         let file_path = path.with_base(&self.storage_root);
-        if file_path.exists() && file_path.is_file() {
-            Ok(fs::remove_file(file_path).await?)
-        } else {
-            bail!("File {file_path:?} either does not exist or is not a file")
+        if !file_path.exists() {
+            // See https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteObject.html
+            // > If there isn't a null version, Amazon S3 does not remove any objects but will still respond that the command was successful.
+            return Ok(());
         }
+
+        if !file_path.is_file() {
+            anyhow::bail!("{file_path:?} is not a file");
+        }
+        Ok(fs::remove_file(file_path)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!(e))?)
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_objects<'a>(&self, paths: &'a [RemotePath]) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        for path in paths {
+            self.delete(path).await?
+        }
+        Ok(())
     }
 }
 
@@ -320,7 +350,7 @@ where
                     let file_type = dir_entry.file_type().await?;
                     let entry_path = dir_entry.path();
                     if file_type.is_symlink() {
-                        debug!("{entry_path:?} us a symlink, skipping")
+                        debug!("{entry_path:?} is a symlink, skipping")
                     } else if file_type.is_dir() {
                         if recursive {
                             paths.extend(get_all_files(&entry_path, true).await?.into_iter())
@@ -595,15 +625,11 @@ mod fs_tests {
         storage.delete(&upload_target).await?;
         assert!(storage.list().await?.is_empty());
 
-        match storage.delete(&upload_target).await {
-            Ok(()) => panic!("Should not allow deleting non-existing storage files"),
-            Err(e) => {
-                let error_string = e.to_string();
-                assert!(error_string.contains("does not exist"));
-                let expected_path = upload_target.with_base(&storage.storage_root);
-                assert!(error_string.contains(expected_path.to_str().unwrap()));
-            }
-        }
+        storage
+            .delete(&upload_target)
+            .await
+            .expect("Should allow deleting non-existing storage files");
+
         Ok(())
     }
 

libs/remote_storage/src/s3_bucket.rs

@@ -9,14 +9,16 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use anyhow::Context;
 use aws_config::{
     environment::credentials::EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider,
-    imds::credentials::ImdsCredentialsProvider,
-    meta::credentials::{CredentialsProviderChain, LazyCachingCredentialsProvider},
+    imds::credentials::ImdsCredentialsProvider, meta::credentials::CredentialsProviderChain,
 };
+use aws_credential_types::cache::CredentialsCache;
 use aws_sdk_s3::{
-    config::Config,
-    error::{GetObjectError, GetObjectErrorKind},
-    types::{ByteStream, SdkError},
-    Client, Endpoint, Region,
+    config::{Config, Region},
+    error::SdkError,
+    operation::get_object::GetObjectError,
+    primitives::ByteStream,
+    types::{Delete, ObjectIdentifier},
+    Client,
 };
 use aws_smithy_http::body::SdkBody;
 use hyper::Body;
@@ -80,12 +82,24 @@ pub(super) mod metrics {
             .inc();
     }
 
+    pub fn inc_delete_objects(count: u64) {
+        S3_REQUESTS_COUNT
+            .with_label_values(&["delete_object"])
+            .inc_by(count);
+    }
+
     pub fn inc_delete_object_fail() {
         S3_REQUESTS_FAIL_COUNT
             .with_label_values(&["delete_object"])
             .inc();
     }
 
+    pub fn inc_delete_objects_fail(count: u64) {
+        S3_REQUESTS_FAIL_COUNT
+            .with_label_values(&["delete_object"])
+            .inc_by(count);
+    }
+
     pub fn inc_list_objects() {
         S3_REQUESTS_COUNT.with_label_values(&["list_objects"]).inc();
     }
@@ -125,28 +139,23 @@ impl S3Bucket {
 
         let credentials_provider = {
             // uses "AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID", "AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"
-            let env_creds = EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider::new();
+            CredentialsProviderChain::first_try(
+                "env",
+                EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider::new(),
+            )
             // uses imds v2
-            let imds = ImdsCredentialsProvider::builder().build();
-
-            // finally add caching.
-            // this might change in future, see https://github.com/awslabs/aws-sdk-rust/issues/629
-            LazyCachingCredentialsProvider::builder()
-                .load(CredentialsProviderChain::first_try("env", env_creds).or_else("imds", imds))
-                .build()
+            .or_else("imds", ImdsCredentialsProvider::builder().build())
         };
 
         let mut config_builder = Config::builder()
             .region(Region::new(aws_config.bucket_region.clone()))
+            .credentials_cache(CredentialsCache::lazy())
             .credentials_provider(credentials_provider);
 
         if let Some(custom_endpoint) = aws_config.endpoint.clone() {
-            let endpoint = Endpoint::immutable(
-                custom_endpoint
-                    .parse()
-                    .expect("Failed to parse S3 custom endpoint"),
-            );
-            config_builder.set_endpoint_resolver(Some(Arc::new(endpoint)));
+            config_builder = config_builder
+                .endpoint_url(custom_endpoint)
+                .force_path_style(true);
         }
         let client = Client::from_conf(config_builder.build());
 
@@ -229,14 +238,9 @@ impl S3Bucket {
                     ))),
                 })
             }
-            Err(SdkError::ServiceError {
-                err:
-                    GetObjectError {
-                        kind: GetObjectErrorKind::NoSuchKey(..),
-                        ..
-                    },
-                ..
-            }) => Err(DownloadError::NotFound),
+            Err(SdkError::ServiceError(e)) if matches!(e.err(), GetObjectError::NoSuchKey(_)) => {
+                Err(DownloadError::NotFound)
+            }
             Err(e) => {
                 metrics::inc_get_object_fail();
                 Err(DownloadError::Other(anyhow::anyhow!(
@@ -405,6 +409,34 @@ impl RemoteStorage for S3Bucket {
         })
         .await
     }
+    async fn delete_objects<'a>(&self, paths: &'a [RemotePath]) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let _guard = self
+            .concurrency_limiter
+            .acquire()
+            .await
+            .context("Concurrency limiter semaphore got closed during S3 delete")?;
+
+        let mut delete_objects = Vec::with_capacity(paths.len());
+        for path in paths {
+            let obj_id = ObjectIdentifier::builder()
+                .set_key(Some(self.relative_path_to_s3_object(path)))
+                .build();
+            delete_objects.push(obj_id);
+        }
+
+        metrics::inc_delete_objects(paths.len() as u64);
+        self.client
+            .delete_objects()
+            .bucket(self.bucket_name.clone())
+            .delete(Delete::builder().set_objects(Some(delete_objects)).build())
+            .send()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                metrics::inc_delete_objects_fail(paths.len() as u64);
+                e
+            })?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
 
     async fn delete(&self, path: &RemotePath) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         let _guard = self

libs/remote_storage/src/simulate_failures.rs

@@ -119,4 +119,11 @@ impl RemoteStorage for UnreliableWrapper {
         self.attempt(RemoteOp::Delete(path.clone()))?;
         self.inner.delete(path).await
     }
+
+    async fn delete_objects<'a>(&self, paths: &'a [RemotePath]) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        for path in paths {
+            self.delete(path).await?
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }

libs/remote_storage/tests/test_real_s3.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::UNIX_EPOCH;
 
 use anyhow::Context;
+use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
 use remote_storage::{
     GenericRemoteStorage, RemotePath, RemoteStorageConfig, RemoteStorageKind, S3Config,
 };
@@ -14,8 +15,12 @@ use test_context::{test_context, AsyncTestContext};
 use tokio::task::JoinSet;
 use tracing::{debug, error, info};
 
+static LOGGING_DONE: OnceCell<()> = OnceCell::new();
+
 const ENABLE_REAL_S3_REMOTE_STORAGE_ENV_VAR_NAME: &str = "ENABLE_REAL_S3_REMOTE_STORAGE";
 
+const BASE_PREFIX: &str = "test/";
+
 /// Tests that S3 client can list all prefixes, even if the response come paginated and requires multiple S3 queries.
 /// Uses real S3 and requires [`ENABLE_REAL_S3_REMOTE_STORAGE_ENV_VAR_NAME`] and related S3 cred env vars specified.
 /// See the client creation in [`create_s3_client`] for details on the required env vars.
@@ -38,20 +43,20 @@ const ENABLE_REAL_S3_REMOTE_STORAGE_ENV_VAR_NAME: &str = "ENABLE_REAL_S3_REMOTE_
 ///
 /// Lastly, the test attempts to clean up and remove all uploaded S3 files.
 /// If any errors appear during the clean up, they get logged, but the test is not failed or stopped until clean up is finished.
-#[test_context(MaybeEnabledS3)]
+#[test_context(MaybeEnabledS3WithTestBlobs)]
 #[tokio::test]
-async fn s3_pagination_should_work(ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledS3) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+async fn s3_pagination_should_work(ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledS3WithTestBlobs) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let ctx = match ctx {
-        MaybeEnabledS3::Enabled(ctx) => ctx,
-        MaybeEnabledS3::Disabled => return Ok(()),
-        MaybeEnabledS3::UploadsFailed(e, _) => anyhow::bail!("S3 init failed: {e:?}"),
+        MaybeEnabledS3WithTestBlobs::Enabled(ctx) => ctx,
+        MaybeEnabledS3WithTestBlobs::Disabled => return Ok(()),
+        MaybeEnabledS3WithTestBlobs::UploadsFailed(e, _) => anyhow::bail!("S3 init failed: {e:?}"),
     };
 
-    let test_client = Arc::clone(&ctx.client_with_excessive_pagination);
+    let test_client = Arc::clone(&ctx.enabled.client);
     let expected_remote_prefixes = ctx.remote_prefixes.clone();
 
-    let base_prefix =
-        RemotePath::new(Path::new(ctx.base_prefix_str)).context("common_prefix construction")?;
+    let base_prefix = RemotePath::new(Path::new(ctx.enabled.base_prefix))
+        .context("common_prefix construction")?;
     let root_remote_prefixes = test_client
         .list_prefixes(None)
         .await
@@ -83,27 +88,122 @@ async fn s3_pagination_should_work(ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledS3) -> anyhow::Result<(
     Ok(())
 }
 
+#[test_context(MaybeEnabledS3)]
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn s3_delete_non_exising_works(ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledS3) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let ctx = match ctx {
+        MaybeEnabledS3::Enabled(ctx) => ctx,
+        MaybeEnabledS3::Disabled => return Ok(()),
+    };
+
+    let path = RemotePath::new(&PathBuf::from(format!(
+        "{}/for_sure_there_is_nothing_there_really",
+        ctx.base_prefix,
+    )))
+    .with_context(|| "RemotePath conversion")?;
+
+    ctx.client.delete(&path).await.expect("should succeed");
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test_context(MaybeEnabledS3)]
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn s3_delete_objects_works(ctx: &mut MaybeEnabledS3) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let ctx = match ctx {
+        MaybeEnabledS3::Enabled(ctx) => ctx,
+        MaybeEnabledS3::Disabled => return Ok(()),
+    };
+
+    let path1 = RemotePath::new(&PathBuf::from(format!("{}/path1", ctx.base_prefix,)))
+        .with_context(|| "RemotePath conversion")?;
+
+    let path2 = RemotePath::new(&PathBuf::from(format!("{}/path2", ctx.base_prefix,)))
+        .with_context(|| "RemotePath conversion")?;
+
+    let data1 = "remote blob data1".as_bytes();
+    let data1_len = data1.len();
+    let data2 = "remote blob data2".as_bytes();
+    let data2_len = data2.len();
+    ctx.client
+        .upload(std::io::Cursor::new(data1), data1_len, &path1, None)
+        .await?;
+
+    ctx.client
+        .upload(std::io::Cursor::new(data2), data2_len, &path2, None)
+        .await?;
+
+    ctx.client.delete_objects(&[path1, path2]).await?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn ensure_logging_ready() {
+    LOGGING_DONE.get_or_init(|| {
+        utils::logging::init(
+            utils::logging::LogFormat::Test,
+            utils::logging::TracingErrorLayerEnablement::Disabled,
+        )
+        .expect("logging init failed");
+    });
+}
+
+struct EnabledS3 {
+    client: Arc<GenericRemoteStorage>,
+    base_prefix: &'static str,
+}
+
+impl EnabledS3 {
+    async fn setup(max_keys_in_list_response: Option<i32>) -> Self {
+        let client = create_s3_client(max_keys_in_list_response)
+            .context("S3 client creation")
+            .expect("S3 client creation failed");
+
+        EnabledS3 {
+            client,
+            base_prefix: BASE_PREFIX,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 enum MaybeEnabledS3 {
+    Enabled(EnabledS3),
+    Disabled,
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledS3 {
+    async fn setup() -> Self {
+        ensure_logging_ready();
+
+        if env::var(ENABLE_REAL_S3_REMOTE_STORAGE_ENV_VAR_NAME).is_err() {
+            info!(
+                "`{}` env variable is not set, skipping the test",
+                ENABLE_REAL_S3_REMOTE_STORAGE_ENV_VAR_NAME
+            );
+            return Self::Disabled;
+        }
+
+        Self::Enabled(EnabledS3::setup(None).await)
+    }
+}
+
+enum MaybeEnabledS3WithTestBlobs {
     Enabled(S3WithTestBlobs),
     Disabled,
     UploadsFailed(anyhow::Error, S3WithTestBlobs),
 }
 
 struct S3WithTestBlobs {
-    client_with_excessive_pagination: Arc<GenericRemoteStorage>,
-    base_prefix_str: &'static str,
+    enabled: EnabledS3,
     remote_prefixes: HashSet<RemotePath>,
     remote_blobs: HashSet<RemotePath>,
 }
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledS3 {
+impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledS3WithTestBlobs {
     async fn setup() -> Self {
-        utils::logging::init(
-            utils::logging::LogFormat::Test,
-            utils::logging::TracingErrorLayerEnablement::Disabled,
-        )
-        .expect("logging init failed");
+        ensure_logging_ready();
         if env::var(ENABLE_REAL_S3_REMOTE_STORAGE_ENV_VAR_NAME).is_err() {
             info!(
                 "`{}` env variable is not set, skipping the test",
@@ -115,23 +215,14 @@ impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledS3 {
         let max_keys_in_list_response = 10;
         let upload_tasks_count = 1 + (2 * usize::try_from(max_keys_in_list_response).unwrap());
 
-        let client_with_excessive_pagination = create_s3_client(max_keys_in_list_response)
-            .context("S3 client creation")
-            .expect("S3 client creation failed");
+        let enabled = EnabledS3::setup(Some(max_keys_in_list_response)).await;
 
-        let base_prefix_str = "test/";
-        match upload_s3_data(
-            &client_with_excessive_pagination,
-            base_prefix_str,
-            upload_tasks_count,
-        )
-        .await
-        {
+        match upload_s3_data(&enabled.client, enabled.base_prefix, upload_tasks_count).await {
             ControlFlow::Continue(uploads) => {
                 info!("Remote objects created successfully");
+
                 Self::Enabled(S3WithTestBlobs {
-                    client_with_excessive_pagination,
-                    base_prefix_str,
+                    enabled,
                     remote_prefixes: uploads.prefixes,
                     remote_blobs: uploads.blobs,
                 })
@@ -139,8 +230,7 @@ impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledS3 {
             ControlFlow::Break(uploads) => Self::UploadsFailed(
                 anyhow::anyhow!("One or multiple blobs failed to upload to S3"),
                 S3WithTestBlobs {
-                    client_with_excessive_pagination,
-                    base_prefix_str,
+                    enabled,
                     remote_prefixes: uploads.prefixes,
                     remote_blobs: uploads.blobs,
                 },
@@ -152,13 +242,15 @@ impl AsyncTestContext for MaybeEnabledS3 {
         match self {
             Self::Disabled => {}
             Self::Enabled(ctx) | Self::UploadsFailed(_, ctx) => {
-                cleanup(&ctx.client_with_excessive_pagination, ctx.remote_blobs).await;
+                cleanup(&ctx.enabled.client, ctx.remote_blobs).await;
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-fn create_s3_client(max_keys_per_list_response: i32) -> anyhow::Result<Arc<GenericRemoteStorage>> {
+fn create_s3_client(
+    max_keys_per_list_response: Option<i32>,
+) -> anyhow::Result<Arc<GenericRemoteStorage>> {
     let remote_storage_s3_bucket = env::var("REMOTE_STORAGE_S3_BUCKET")
         .context("`REMOTE_STORAGE_S3_BUCKET` env var is not set, but real S3 tests are enabled")?;
     let remote_storage_s3_region = env::var("REMOTE_STORAGE_S3_REGION")
@@ -176,7 +268,7 @@ fn create_s3_client(max_keys_per_list_response: i32) -> anyhow::Result<Arc<Gener
             prefix_in_bucket: Some(format!("pagination_should_work_test_{random_prefix_part}/")),
             endpoint: None,
             concurrency_limit: NonZeroUsize::new(100).unwrap(),
-            max_keys_per_list_response: Some(max_keys_per_list_response),
+            max_keys_per_list_response,
         }),
     };
     Ok(Arc::new(

libs/utils/scripts/restore_from_wal.sh

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+
+set -euxo pipefail
+
 PG_BIN=$1
 WAL_PATH=$2
 DATA_DIR=$3
 PORT=$4
-SYSID=`od -A n -j 24 -N 8 -t d8 $WAL_PATH/000000010000000000000002* | cut -c 3-`
-rm -fr $DATA_DIR
-env -i LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PG_BIN/../lib $PG_BIN/initdb -E utf8 -U cloud_admin -D $DATA_DIR --sysid=$SYSID
-echo port=$PORT >> $DATA_DIR/postgresql.conf
-REDO_POS=0x`$PG_BIN/pg_controldata -D $DATA_DIR | fgrep "REDO location"| cut -c 42-`
+SYSID=$(od -A n -j 24 -N 8 -t d8 "$WAL_PATH"/000000010000000000000002* | cut -c 3-)
+rm -fr "$DATA_DIR"
+env -i LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$PG_BIN"/../lib "$PG_BIN"/initdb -E utf8 -U cloud_admin -D "$DATA_DIR" --sysid="$SYSID"
+echo port="$PORT" >> "$DATA_DIR"/postgresql.conf
+REDO_POS=0x$("$PG_BIN"/pg_controldata -D "$DATA_DIR" | grep -F "REDO location"| cut -c 42-)
 declare -i WAL_SIZE=$REDO_POS+114
-$PG_BIN/pg_ctl -D $DATA_DIR -l logfile start
-$PG_BIN/pg_ctl -D $DATA_DIR -l logfile stop -m immediate
-cp $DATA_DIR/pg_wal/000000010000000000000001 .
-cp $WAL_PATH/* $DATA_DIR/pg_wal/
-if [ -f $DATA_DIR/pg_wal/*.partial ]
-then
-	(cd $DATA_DIR/pg_wal ; for partial in \*.partial ; do mv $partial `basename $partial .partial` ; done)
-fi
-dd if=000000010000000000000001 of=$DATA_DIR/pg_wal/000000010000000000000001 bs=$WAL_SIZE count=1 conv=notrunc
+"$PG_BIN"/pg_ctl -D "$DATA_DIR" -l logfile start
+"$PG_BIN"/pg_ctl -D "$DATA_DIR" -l logfile stop -m immediate
+cp "$DATA_DIR"/pg_wal/000000010000000000000001 .
+cp "$WAL_PATH"/* "$DATA_DIR"/pg_wal/
+for partial in "$DATA_DIR"/pg_wal/*.partial ; do mv "$partial" "${partial%.partial}" ; done
+dd if=000000010000000000000001 of="$DATA_DIR"/pg_wal/000000010000000000000001 bs=$WAL_SIZE count=1 conv=notrunc
 rm -f 000000010000000000000001

libs/utils/scripts/restore_from_wal_archive.sh

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-PG_BIN=$1
-WAL_PATH=$2
-DATA_DIR=$3
-PORT=$4
-SYSID=`od -A n -j 24 -N 8 -t d8 $WAL_PATH/000000010000000000000002* | cut -c 3-`
-rm -fr $DATA_DIR /tmp/pg_wals
-mkdir /tmp/pg_wals
-env -i LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PG_BIN/../lib $PG_BIN/initdb -E utf8 -U cloud_admin -D $DATA_DIR --sysid=$SYSID
-echo port=$PORT >> $DATA_DIR/postgresql.conf
-REDO_POS=0x`$PG_BIN/pg_controldata -D $DATA_DIR | fgrep "REDO location"| cut -c 42-`
-declare -i WAL_SIZE=$REDO_POS+114
-cp $WAL_PATH/* /tmp/pg_wals
-if [ -f $DATA_DIR/pg_wal/*.partial ]
-then
-	(cd /tmp/pg_wals ; for partial in \*.partial ; do  mv $partial `basename $partial .partial` ; done)
-fi
-dd if=$DATA_DIR/pg_wal/000000010000000000000001 of=/tmp/pg_wals/000000010000000000000001 bs=$WAL_SIZE count=1 conv=notrunc
-echo > $DATA_DIR/recovery.signal
-rm -f $DATA_DIR/pg_wal/*
-echo "restore_command = 'cp /tmp/pg_wals/%f %p'" >> $DATA_DIR/postgresql.conf

libs/utils/src/completion.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use tokio::sync::{mpsc, Mutex};
+
+/// While a reference is kept around, the associated [`Barrier::wait`] will wait.
+///
+/// Can be cloned, moved and kept around in futures as "guard objects".
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Completion(mpsc::Sender<()>);
+
+/// Barrier will wait until all clones of [`Completion`] have been dropped.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Barrier(Arc<Mutex<mpsc::Receiver<()>>>);
+
+impl Barrier {
+    pub async fn wait(self) {
+        self.0.lock().await.recv().await;
+    }
+
+    pub async fn maybe_wait(barrier: Option<Barrier>) {
+        if let Some(b) = barrier {
+            b.wait().await
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Create new Guard and Barrier pair.
+pub fn channel() -> (Completion, Barrier) {
+    let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<()>(1);
+    let rx = Mutex::new(rx);
+    let rx = Arc::new(rx);
+    (Completion(tx), Barrier(rx))
+}

libs/utils/src/fs_ext.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 /// Extensions to `std::fs` types.
 use std::{fs, io, path::Path};
 
+use anyhow::Context;
+
 pub trait PathExt {
     /// Returns an error if `self` is not a directory.
     fn is_empty_dir(&self) -> io::Result<bool>;
@@ -15,10 +17,19 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+pub async fn is_directory_empty(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> anyhow::Result<bool> {
+    let mut dir = tokio::fs::read_dir(&path)
+        .await
+        .context(format!("read_dir({})", path.as_ref().display()))?;
+    Ok(dir.next_entry().await?.is_none())
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
     use std::path::PathBuf;
 
+    use crate::fs_ext::is_directory_empty;
+
     #[test]
     fn is_empty_dir() {
         use super::PathExt;
@@ -42,4 +53,26 @@ mod test {
         std::fs::remove_file(&file_path).unwrap();
         assert!(file_path.is_empty_dir().is_err());
     }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn is_empty_dir_async() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let dir_path = dir.path();
+
+        // test positive case
+        assert!(
+            is_directory_empty(dir_path).await.expect("test failure"),
+            "new tempdir should be empty"
+        );
+
+        // invoke on a file to ensure it returns an error
+        let file_path: PathBuf = dir_path.join("testfile");
+        let f = std::fs::File::create(&file_path).unwrap();
+        drop(f);
+        assert!(is_directory_empty(&file_path).await.is_err());
+
+        // do it again on a path, we know to be nonexistent
+        std::fs::remove_file(&file_path).unwrap();
+        assert!(is_directory_empty(file_path).await.is_err());
+    }
 }

libs/utils/src/http/endpoint.rs

@@ -1,23 +1,20 @@
 use crate::auth::{Claims, JwtAuth};
-use crate::http::error;
-use anyhow::{anyhow, Context};
+use crate::http::error::{api_error_handler, route_error_handler, ApiError};
+use anyhow::Context;
 use hyper::header::{HeaderName, AUTHORIZATION};
 use hyper::http::HeaderValue;
 use hyper::Method;
-use hyper::{header::CONTENT_TYPE, Body, Request, Response, Server};
+use hyper::{header::CONTENT_TYPE, Body, Request, Response};
 use metrics::{register_int_counter, Encoder, IntCounter, TextEncoder};
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use routerify::ext::RequestExt;
-use routerify::{Middleware, RequestInfo, Router, RouterBuilder, RouterService};
+use routerify::{Middleware, RequestInfo, Router, RouterBuilder};
 use tokio::task::JoinError;
 use tracing::{self, debug, info, info_span, warn, Instrument};
 
 use std::future::Future;
-use std::net::TcpListener;
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
-use super::error::ApiError;
-
 static SERVE_METRICS_COUNT: Lazy<IntCounter> = Lazy::new(|| {
     register_int_counter!(
         "libmetrics_metric_handler_requests_total",
@@ -35,8 +32,18 @@ struct RequestId(String);
 /// Adds a tracing info_span! instrumentation around the handler events,
 /// logs the request start and end events for non-GET requests and non-200 responses.
 ///
+/// Usage: Replace `my_handler` with `|r| request_span(r, my_handler)`
+///
 /// Use this to distinguish between logs of different HTTP requests: every request handler wrapped
-/// in this type will get request info logged in the wrapping span, including the unique request ID.
+/// with this will get request info logged in the wrapping span, including the unique request ID.
+///
+/// This also handles errors, logging them and converting them to an HTTP error response.
+///
+/// NB: If the client disconnects, Hyper will drop the Future, without polling it to
+/// completion. In other words, the handler must be async cancellation safe! request_span
+/// prints a warning to the log when that happens, so that you have some trace of it in
+/// the log.
+///
 ///
 /// There could be other ways to implement similar functionality:
 ///
@@ -54,60 +61,56 @@ struct RequestId(String);
 /// tries to achive with its `.instrument` used in the current approach.
 ///
 /// If needed, a declarative macro to substitute the |r| ... closure boilerplate could be introduced.
-pub struct RequestSpan<E, R, H>(pub H)
+pub async fn request_span<R, H>(request: Request<Body>, handler: H) -> R::Output
 where
-    E: Into<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> + 'static,
-    R: Future<Output = Result<Response<Body>, E>> + Send + 'static,
-    H: Fn(Request<Body>) -> R + Send + Sync + 'static;
-
-impl<E, R, H> RequestSpan<E, R, H>
-where
-    E: Into<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> + 'static,
-    R: Future<Output = Result<Response<Body>, E>> + Send + 'static,
-    H: Fn(Request<Body>) -> R + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    R: Future<Output = Result<Response<Body>, ApiError>> + Send + 'static,
+    H: FnOnce(Request<Body>) -> R + Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
-    /// Creates a tracing span around inner request handler and executes the request handler in the contex of that span.
-    /// Use as `|r| RequestSpan(my_handler).handle(r)` instead of `my_handler` as the request handler to get the span enabled.
-    pub async fn handle(self, request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, E> {
-        let request_id = request.context::<RequestId>().unwrap_or_default().0;
-        let method = request.method();
-        let path = request.uri().path();
-        let request_span = info_span!("request", %method, %path, %request_id);
+    let request_id = request.context::<RequestId>().unwrap_or_default().0;
+    let method = request.method();
+    let path = request.uri().path();
+    let request_span = info_span!("request", %method, %path, %request_id);
 
-        let log_quietly = method == Method::GET;
-        async move {
-            let cancellation_guard = RequestCancelled::warn_when_dropped_without_responding();
-            if log_quietly {
-                debug!("Handling request");
-            } else {
-                info!("Handling request");
-            }
-
-            // Note that we reuse `error::handler` here and not returning and error at all,
-            // yet cannot use `!` directly in the method signature due to `routerify::RouterBuilder` limitation.
-            // Usage of the error handler also means that we expect only the `ApiError` errors to be raised in this call.
-            //
-            // Panics are not handled separately, there's a `tracing_panic_hook` from another module to do that globally.
-            let res = (self.0)(request).await;
-
-            cancellation_guard.disarm();
-
-            match res {
-                Ok(response) => {
-                    let response_status = response.status();
-                    if log_quietly && response_status.is_success() {
-                        debug!("Request handled, status: {response_status}");
-                    } else {
-                        info!("Request handled, status: {response_status}");
-                    }
-                    Ok(response)
-                }
-                Err(e) => Ok(error::handler(e.into()).await),
-            }
+    let log_quietly = method == Method::GET;
+    async move {
+        let cancellation_guard = RequestCancelled::warn_when_dropped_without_responding();
+        if log_quietly {
+            debug!("Handling request");
+        } else {
+            info!("Handling request");
+        }
+
+        // No special handling for panics here. There's a `tracing_panic_hook` from another
+        // module to do that globally.
+        let res = handler(request).await;
+
+        cancellation_guard.disarm();
+
+        // Log the result if needed.
+        //
+        // We also convert any errors into an Ok response with HTTP error code here.
+        // `make_router` sets a last-resort error handler that would do the same, but
+        // we prefer to do it here, before we exit the request span, so that the error
+        // is still logged with the span.
+        //
+        // (Because we convert errors to Ok response, we never actually return an error,
+        // and we could declare the function to return the never type (`!`). However,
+        // using `routerify::RouterBuilder` requires a proper error type.)
+        match res {
+            Ok(response) => {
+                let response_status = response.status();
+                if log_quietly && response_status.is_success() {
+                    debug!("Request handled, status: {response_status}");
+                } else {
+                    info!("Request handled, status: {response_status}");
+                }
+                Ok(response)
+            }
+            Err(err) => Ok(api_error_handler(err)),
         }
-        .instrument(request_span)
-        .await
     }
+    .instrument(request_span)
+    .await
 }
 
 /// Drop guard to WARN in case the request was dropped before completion.
@@ -207,10 +210,8 @@ pub fn make_router() -> RouterBuilder<hyper::Body, ApiError> {
         .middleware(Middleware::post_with_info(
             add_request_id_header_to_response,
         ))
-        .get("/metrics", |r| {
-            RequestSpan(prometheus_metrics_handler).handle(r)
-        })
-        .err_handler(error::handler)
+        .get("/metrics", |r| request_span(r, prometheus_metrics_handler))
+        .err_handler(route_error_handler)
 }
 
 pub fn attach_openapi_ui(
@@ -220,12 +221,14 @@ pub fn attach_openapi_ui(
     ui_mount_path: &'static str,
 ) -> RouterBuilder<hyper::Body, ApiError> {
     router_builder
-        .get(spec_mount_path, move |r| {
-            RequestSpan(move |_| async move { Ok(Response::builder().body(Body::from(spec)).unwrap()) })
-                .handle(r)
-        })
-        .get(ui_mount_path, move |r| RequestSpan( move |_| async move {
-            Ok(Response::builder().body(Body::from(format!(r#"
+        .get(spec_mount_path,
+            move |r| request_span(r, move |_| async move {
+                Ok(Response::builder().body(Body::from(spec)).unwrap())
+            })
+        )
+        .get(ui_mount_path,
+             move |r| request_span(r, move |_| async move {
+                 Ok(Response::builder().body(Body::from(format!(r#"
                 <!DOCTYPE html>
                 <html lang="en">
                 <head>
@@ -255,7 +258,8 @@ pub fn attach_openapi_ui(
                 </body>
                 </html>
             "#, spec_mount_path))).unwrap())
-        }).handle(r))
+             })
+        )
 }
 
 fn parse_token(header_value: &str) -> Result<&str, ApiError> {
@@ -343,40 +347,6 @@ pub fn check_permission_with(
     }
 }
 
-///
-/// Start listening for HTTP requests on given socket.
-///
-/// 'shutdown_future' can be used to stop. If the Future becomes
-/// ready, we stop listening for new requests, and the function returns.
-///
-pub fn serve_thread_main<S>(
-    router_builder: RouterBuilder<hyper::Body, ApiError>,
-    listener: TcpListener,
-    shutdown_future: S,
-) -> anyhow::Result<()>
-where
-    S: Future<Output = ()> + Send + Sync,
-{
-    info!("Starting an HTTP endpoint at {}", listener.local_addr()?);
-
-    // Create a Service from the router above to handle incoming requests.
-    let service = RouterService::new(router_builder.build().map_err(|err| anyhow!(err))?).unwrap();
-
-    // Enter a single-threaded tokio runtime bound to the current thread
-    let runtime = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
-        .enable_all()
-        .build()?;
-
-    let _guard = runtime.enter();
-
-    let server = Server::from_tcp(listener)?
-        .serve(service)
-        .with_graceful_shutdown(shutdown_future);
-
-    runtime.block_on(server)?;
-
-    Ok(())
-}
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;

libs/utils/src/http/error.rs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub enum ApiError {
     Conflict(String),
 
     #[error("Precondition failed: {0}")]
-    PreconditionFailed(&'static str),
+    PreconditionFailed(Box<str>),
 
     #[error(transparent)]
     InternalServerError(anyhow::Error),
@@ -83,13 +83,24 @@ impl HttpErrorBody {
     }
 }
 
-pub async fn handler(err: routerify::RouteError) -> Response<Body> {
-    let api_error = err
-        .downcast::<ApiError>()
-        .expect("handler should always return api error");
+pub async fn route_error_handler(err: routerify::RouteError) -> Response<Body> {
+    match err.downcast::<ApiError>() {
+        Ok(api_error) => api_error_handler(*api_error),
+        Err(other_error) => {
+            // We expect all the request handlers to return an ApiError, so this should
+            // not be reached. But just in case.
+            error!("Error processing HTTP request: {other_error:?}");
+            HttpErrorBody::response_from_msg_and_status(
+                other_error.to_string(),
+                StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            )
+        }
+    }
+}
 
+pub fn api_error_handler(api_error: ApiError) -> Response<Body> {
     // Print a stack trace for Internal Server errors
-    if let ApiError::InternalServerError(_) = api_error.as_ref() {
+    if let ApiError::InternalServerError(_) = api_error {
         error!("Error processing HTTP request: {api_error:?}");
     } else {
         error!("Error processing HTTP request: {api_error:#}");

libs/utils/src/http/json.rs

@@ -8,12 +8,26 @@ use super::error::ApiError;
 pub async fn json_request<T: for<'de> Deserialize<'de>>(
     request: &mut Request<Body>,
 ) -> Result<T, ApiError> {
-    let whole_body = hyper::body::aggregate(request.body_mut())
+    json_request_or_empty_body(request)
+        .await?
+        .context("missing request body")
+        .map_err(ApiError::BadRequest)
+}
+
+/// Will be removed as part of https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/4282
+pub async fn json_request_or_empty_body<T: for<'de> Deserialize<'de>>(
+    request: &mut Request<Body>,
+) -> Result<Option<T>, ApiError> {
+    let body = hyper::body::aggregate(request.body_mut())
         .await
         .context("Failed to read request body")
         .map_err(ApiError::BadRequest)?;
-    serde_json::from_reader(whole_body.reader())
+    if body.remaining() == 0 {
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
+    serde_json::from_reader(body.reader())
         .context("Failed to parse json request")
+        .map(Some)
         .map_err(ApiError::BadRequest)
 }
 

libs/utils/src/lib.rs

@@ -60,24 +60,46 @@ pub mod tracing_span_assert;
 
 pub mod rate_limit;
 
-/// use with fail::cfg("$name", "return(2000)")
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! failpoint_sleep_millis_async {
-    ($name:literal) => {{
-        let should_sleep: Option<std::time::Duration> = (|| {
-            fail::fail_point!($name, |v: Option<_>| {
-                let millis = v.unwrap().parse::<u64>().unwrap();
-                Some(Duration::from_millis(millis))
-            });
-            None
-        })();
-        if let Some(d) = should_sleep {
-            tracing::info!("failpoint {:?}: sleeping for {:?}", $name, d);
-            tokio::time::sleep(d).await;
-            tracing::info!("failpoint {:?}: sleep done", $name);
-        }
-    }};
+/// Simple once-barrier and a guard which keeps barrier awaiting.
+pub mod completion;
+
+mod failpoint_macro_helpers {
+
+    /// use with fail::cfg("$name", "return(2000)")
+    ///
+    /// The effect is similar to a "sleep(2000)" action, i.e. we sleep for the
+    /// specified time (in milliseconds). The main difference is that we use async
+    /// tokio sleep function. Another difference is that we print lines to the log,
+    /// which can be useful in tests to check that the failpoint was hit.
+    #[macro_export]
+    macro_rules! failpoint_sleep_millis_async {
+        ($name:literal) => {{
+            // If the failpoint is used with a "return" action, set should_sleep to the
+            // returned value (as string). Otherwise it's set to None.
+            let should_sleep = (|| {
+                ::fail::fail_point!($name, |x| x);
+                ::std::option::Option::None
+            })();
+
+            // Sleep if the action was a returned value
+            if let ::std::option::Option::Some(duration_str) = should_sleep {
+                $crate::failpoint_sleep_helper($name, duration_str).await
+            }
+        }};
+    }
+
+    // Helper function used by the macro. (A function has nicer scoping so we
+    // don't need to decorate everything with "::")
+    pub async fn failpoint_sleep_helper(name: &'static str, duration_str: String) {
+        let millis = duration_str.parse::<u64>().unwrap();
+        let d = std::time::Duration::from_millis(millis);
+
+        tracing::info!("failpoint {:?}: sleeping for {:?}", name, d);
+        tokio::time::sleep(d).await;
+        tracing::info!("failpoint {:?}: sleep done", name);
+    }
 }
+pub use failpoint_macro_helpers::failpoint_sleep_helper;
 
 /// This is a shortcut to embed git sha into binaries and avoid copying the same build script to all packages
 ///

libs/utils/src/seqwait.rs

@@ -144,6 +144,8 @@ where
     ///
     /// This call won't complete until someone has called `advance`
     /// with a number greater than or equal to the one we're waiting for.
+    ///
+    /// This function is async cancellation-safe.
     pub async fn wait_for(&self, num: V) -> Result<(), SeqWaitError> {
         match self.queue_for_wait(num) {
             Ok(None) => Ok(()),
@@ -159,6 +161,8 @@ where
     ///
     /// If that hasn't happened after the specified timeout duration,
     /// [`SeqWaitError::Timeout`] will be returned.
+    ///
+    /// This function is async cancellation-safe.
     pub async fn wait_for_timeout(
         &self,
         num: V,

pageserver/benches/bench_layer_map.rs

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ fn build_layer_map(filename_dump: PathBuf) -> LayerMap<LayerDescriptor> {
         min_lsn = min(min_lsn, lsn_range.start);
         max_lsn = max(max_lsn, Lsn(lsn_range.end.0 - 1));
 
-        updates.insert_historic(Arc::new(layer));
+        updates.insert_historic(layer.get_persistent_layer_desc(), Arc::new(layer));
     }
 
     println!("min: {min_lsn}, max: {max_lsn}");
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ fn bench_sequential(c: &mut Criterion) {
             is_incremental: false,
             short_id: format!("Layer {}", i),
         };
-        updates.insert_historic(Arc::new(layer));
+        updates.insert_historic(layer.get_persistent_layer_desc(), Arc::new(layer));
     }
     updates.flush();
     println!("Finished layer map init in {:?}", now.elapsed());

pageserver/ctl/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+[package]
+name = "pagectl"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+anyhow.workspace = true
+bytes.workspace = true
+clap = { workspace = true, features = ["string"] }
+git-version.workspace = true
+pageserver = { path = ".." }
+postgres_ffi.workspace = true
+utils.workspace = true
+svg_fmt.workspace = true
+workspace_hack.workspace = true

pageserver/ctl/src/draw_timeline_dir.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 //! Example use:
 //! ```
 //! $ ls test_output/test_pgbench\[neon-45-684\]/repo/tenants/$TENANT/timelines/$TIMELINE | \
-//! $   grep "__" | cargo run --release --bin draw_timeline_dir > out.svg
+//! $   grep "__" | cargo run --release --bin pagectl draw-timeline-dir > out.svg
 //! $ firefox out.svg
 //! ```
 //!
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ fn parse_filename(name: &str) -> (Range<Key>, Range<Lsn>) {
     (keys, lsns)
 }
 
-fn main() -> Result<()> {
+pub fn main() -> Result<()> {
     // Parse layer filenames from stdin
     let mut ranges: Vec<(Range<Key>, Range<Lsn>)> = vec![];
     let stdin = io::stdin();

pageserver/ctl/src/layer_map_analyzer.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use anyhow::Result;
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use std::collections::BinaryHeap;
 use std::ops::Range;
-use std::{env, fs, path::Path, path::PathBuf, str, str::FromStr};
+use std::{fs, path::Path, str};
 
 use pageserver::page_cache::PAGE_SZ;
 use pageserver::repository::{Key, KEY_SIZE};
@@ -18,12 +18,14 @@ use pageserver::virtual_file::VirtualFile;
 
 use utils::{bin_ser::BeSer, lsn::Lsn};
 
+use crate::AnalyzeLayerMapCmd;
+
 const MIN_HOLE_LENGTH: i128 = (128 * 1024 * 1024 / PAGE_SZ) as i128;
 const DEFAULT_MAX_HOLES: usize = 10;
 
 /// Wrapper for key range to provide reverse ordering by range length for BinaryHeap
 #[derive(PartialEq, Eq)]
-struct Hole(Range<Key>);
+pub struct Hole(Range<Key>);
 
 impl Ord for Hole {
     fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
@@ -39,11 +41,11 @@ impl PartialOrd for Hole {
     }
 }
 
-struct LayerFile {
-    key_range: Range<Key>,
-    lsn_range: Range<Lsn>,
-    is_delta: bool,
-    holes: Vec<Hole>,
+pub(crate) struct LayerFile {
+    pub key_range: Range<Key>,
+    pub lsn_range: Range<Lsn>,
+    pub is_delta: bool,
+    pub holes: Vec<Hole>,
 }
 
 impl LayerFile {
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ impl LayerFile {
     }
 }
 
-fn parse_filename(name: &str) -> Option<LayerFile> {
+pub(crate) fn parse_filename(name: &str) -> Option<LayerFile> {
     let split: Vec<&str> = name.split("__").collect();
     if split.len() != 2 {
         return None;
@@ -127,18 +129,9 @@ fn get_holes(path: &Path, max_holes: usize) -> Result<Vec<Hole>> {
     Ok(holes)
 }
 
-fn main() -> Result<()> {
-    let args: Vec<String> = env::args().collect();
-    if args.len() < 2 {
-        println!("Usage: layer_map_analyzer PAGESERVER_DATA_DIR [MAX_HOLES]");
-        return Ok(());
-    }
-    let storage_path = PathBuf::from_str(&args[1])?;
-    let max_holes = if args.len() > 2 {
-        args[2].parse::<usize>().unwrap()
-    } else {
-        DEFAULT_MAX_HOLES
-    };
+pub(crate) fn main(cmd: &AnalyzeLayerMapCmd) -> Result<()> {
+    let storage_path = &cmd.path;
+    let max_holes = cmd.max_holes.unwrap_or(DEFAULT_MAX_HOLES);
 
     // Initialize virtual_file (file desriptor cache) and page cache which are needed to access layer persistent B-Tree.
     pageserver::virtual_file::init(10);

pageserver/ctl/src/layers.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+use clap::Subcommand;
+use pageserver::tenant::block_io::BlockCursor;
+use pageserver::tenant::disk_btree::DiskBtreeReader;
+use pageserver::tenant::storage_layer::delta_layer::{BlobRef, Summary};
+use pageserver::{page_cache, virtual_file};
+use pageserver::{
+    repository::{Key, KEY_SIZE},
+    tenant::{
+        block_io::FileBlockReader, disk_btree::VisitDirection,
+        storage_layer::delta_layer::DELTA_KEY_SIZE,
+    },
+    virtual_file::VirtualFile,
+};
+use std::fs;
+use utils::bin_ser::BeSer;
+
+use crate::layer_map_analyzer::parse_filename;
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+pub(crate) enum LayerCmd {
+    /// List all tenants and timelines under the pageserver path
+    ///
+    /// Example: `cargo run --bin pagectl layer list .neon/`
+    List { path: PathBuf },
+    /// List all layers of a given tenant and timeline
+    ///
+    /// Example: `cargo run --bin pagectl layer list .neon/`
+    ListLayer {
+        path: PathBuf,
+        tenant: String,
+        timeline: String,
+    },
+    /// Dump all information of a layer file
+    DumpLayer {
+        path: PathBuf,
+        tenant: String,
+        timeline: String,
+        /// The id from list-layer command
+        id: usize,
+    },
+}
+
+fn read_delta_file(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<()> {
+    use pageserver::tenant::blob_io::BlobCursor;
+    use pageserver::tenant::block_io::BlockReader;
+
+    let path = path.as_ref();
+    virtual_file::init(10);
+    page_cache::init(100);
+    let file = FileBlockReader::new(VirtualFile::open(path)?);
+    let summary_blk = file.read_blk(0)?;
+    let actual_summary = Summary::des_prefix(summary_blk.as_ref())?;
+    let tree_reader = DiskBtreeReader::<_, DELTA_KEY_SIZE>::new(
+        actual_summary.index_start_blk,
+        actual_summary.index_root_blk,
+        &file,
+    );
+    // TODO(chi): dedup w/ `delta_layer.rs` by exposing the API.
+    let mut all = vec![];
+    tree_reader.visit(
+        &[0u8; DELTA_KEY_SIZE],
+        VisitDirection::Forwards,
+        |key, value_offset| {
+            let curr = Key::from_slice(&key[..KEY_SIZE]);
+            all.push((curr, BlobRef(value_offset)));
+            true
+        },
+    )?;
+    let mut cursor = BlockCursor::new(&file);
+    for (k, v) in all {
+        let value = cursor.read_blob(v.pos())?;
+        println!("key:{} value_len:{}", k, value.len());
+    }
+    // TODO(chi): special handling for last key?
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn main(cmd: &LayerCmd) -> Result<()> {
+    match cmd {
+        LayerCmd::List { path } => {
+            for tenant in fs::read_dir(path.join("tenants"))? {
+                let tenant = tenant?;
+                if !tenant.file_type()?.is_dir() {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                println!("tenant {}", tenant.file_name().to_string_lossy());
+                for timeline in fs::read_dir(tenant.path().join("timelines"))? {
+                    let timeline = timeline?;
+                    if !timeline.file_type()?.is_dir() {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    println!("- timeline {}", timeline.file_name().to_string_lossy());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        LayerCmd::ListLayer {
+            path,
+            tenant,
+            timeline,
+        } => {
+            let timeline_path = path
+                .join("tenants")
+                .join(tenant)
+                .join("timelines")
+                .join(timeline);
+            let mut idx = 0;
+            for layer in fs::read_dir(timeline_path)? {
+                let layer = layer?;
+                if let Some(layer_file) = parse_filename(&layer.file_name().into_string().unwrap())
+                {
+                    println!(
+                        "[{:3}]  key:{}-{}\n       lsn:{}-{}\n       delta:{}",
+                        idx,
+                        layer_file.key_range.start,
+                        layer_file.key_range.end,
+                        layer_file.lsn_range.start,
+                        layer_file.lsn_range.end,
+                        layer_file.is_delta,
+                    );
+                    idx += 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        LayerCmd::DumpLayer {
+            path,
+            tenant,
+            timeline,
+            id,
+        } => {
+            let timeline_path = path
+                .join("tenants")
+                .join(tenant)
+                .join("timelines")
+                .join(timeline);
+            let mut idx = 0;
+            for layer in fs::read_dir(timeline_path)? {
+                let layer = layer?;
+                if let Some(layer_file) = parse_filename(&layer.file_name().into_string().unwrap())
+                {
+                    if *id == idx {
+                        // TODO(chi): dedup code
+                        println!(
+                            "[{:3}]  key:{}-{}\n       lsn:{}-{}\n       delta:{}",
+                            idx,
+                            layer_file.key_range.start,
+                            layer_file.key_range.end,
+                            layer_file.lsn_range.start,
+                            layer_file.lsn_range.end,
+                            layer_file.is_delta,
+                        );
+
+                        if layer_file.is_delta {
+                            read_delta_file(layer.path())?;
+                        } else {
+                            anyhow::bail!("not supported yet :(");
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    idx += 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}

pageserver/ctl/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+//! A helper tool to manage pageserver binary files.
+//! Accepts a file as an argument, attempts to parse it with all ways possible
+//! and prints its interpreted context.
+//!
+//! Separate, `metadata` subcommand allows to print and update pageserver's metadata file.
+
+mod draw_timeline_dir;
+mod layer_map_analyzer;
+mod layers;
+
+use clap::{Parser, Subcommand};
+use layers::LayerCmd;
+use pageserver::{
+    context::{DownloadBehavior, RequestContext},
+    page_cache,
+    task_mgr::TaskKind,
+    tenant::{dump_layerfile_from_path, metadata::TimelineMetadata},
+    virtual_file,
+};
+use postgres_ffi::ControlFileData;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use utils::{lsn::Lsn, project_git_version};
+
+project_git_version!(GIT_VERSION);
+
+#[derive(Parser)]
+#[command(
+    version = GIT_VERSION,
+    about = "Neon Pageserver binutils",
+    long_about = "Reads pageserver (and related) binary files management utility"
+)]
+#[command(propagate_version = true)]
+struct CliOpts {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    command: Commands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum Commands {
+    Metadata(MetadataCmd),
+    PrintLayerFile(PrintLayerFileCmd),
+    DrawTimeline {},
+    AnalyzeLayerMap(AnalyzeLayerMapCmd),
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    Layer(LayerCmd),
+}
+
+/// Read and update pageserver metadata file
+#[derive(Parser)]
+struct MetadataCmd {
+    /// Input metadata file path
+    metadata_path: PathBuf,
+    /// Replace disk consistent Lsn
+    disk_consistent_lsn: Option<Lsn>,
+    /// Replace previous record Lsn
+    prev_record_lsn: Option<Lsn>,
+    /// Replace latest gc cuttoff
+    latest_gc_cuttoff: Option<Lsn>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Parser)]
+struct PrintLayerFileCmd {
+    /// Pageserver data path
+    path: PathBuf,
+}
+
+#[derive(Parser)]
+struct AnalyzeLayerMapCmd {
+    /// Pageserver data path
+    path: PathBuf,
+    /// Max holes
+    max_holes: Option<usize>,
+}
+
+fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let cli = CliOpts::parse();
+
+    match cli.command {
+        Commands::Layer(cmd) => {
+            layers::main(&cmd)?;
+        }
+        Commands::Metadata(cmd) => {
+            handle_metadata(&cmd)?;
+        }
+        Commands::DrawTimeline {} => {
+            draw_timeline_dir::main()?;
+        }
+        Commands::AnalyzeLayerMap(cmd) => {
+            layer_map_analyzer::main(&cmd)?;
+        }
+        Commands::PrintLayerFile(cmd) => {
+            if let Err(e) = read_pg_control_file(&cmd.path) {
+                println!(
+                    "Failed to read input file as a pg control one: {e:#}\n\
+                    Attempting to read it as layer file"
+                );
+                print_layerfile(&cmd.path)?;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn read_pg_control_file(control_file_path: &Path) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let control_file = ControlFileData::decode(&std::fs::read(control_file_path)?)?;
+    println!("{control_file:?}");
+    let control_file_initdb = Lsn(control_file.checkPoint);
+    println!(
+        "pg_initdb_lsn: {}, aligned: {}",
+        control_file_initdb,
+        control_file_initdb.align()
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn print_layerfile(path: &Path) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    // Basic initialization of things that don't change after startup
+    virtual_file::init(10);
+    page_cache::init(100);
+    let ctx = RequestContext::new(TaskKind::DebugTool, DownloadBehavior::Error);
+    dump_layerfile_from_path(path, true, &ctx)
+}
+
+fn handle_metadata(
+    MetadataCmd {
+        metadata_path: path,
+        disk_consistent_lsn,
+        prev_record_lsn,
+        latest_gc_cuttoff,
+    }: &MetadataCmd,
+) -> Result<(), anyhow::Error> {
+    let metadata_bytes = std::fs::read(path)?;
+    let mut meta = TimelineMetadata::from_bytes(&metadata_bytes)?;
+    println!("Current metadata:\n{meta:?}");
+    let mut update_meta = false;
+    if let Some(disk_consistent_lsn) = disk_consistent_lsn {
+        meta = TimelineMetadata::new(
+            *disk_consistent_lsn,
+            meta.prev_record_lsn(),
+            meta.ancestor_timeline(),
+            meta.ancestor_lsn(),
+            meta.latest_gc_cutoff_lsn(),
+            meta.initdb_lsn(),
+            meta.pg_version(),
+        );
+        update_meta = true;
+    }
+    if let Some(prev_record_lsn) = prev_record_lsn {
+        meta = TimelineMetadata::new(
+            meta.disk_consistent_lsn(),
+            Some(*prev_record_lsn),
+            meta.ancestor_timeline(),
+            meta.ancestor_lsn(),
+            meta.latest_gc_cutoff_lsn(),
+            meta.initdb_lsn(),
+            meta.pg_version(),
+        );
+        update_meta = true;
+    }
+    if let Some(latest_gc_cuttoff) = latest_gc_cuttoff {
+        meta = TimelineMetadata::new(
+            meta.disk_consistent_lsn(),
+            meta.prev_record_lsn(),
+            meta.ancestor_timeline(),
+            meta.ancestor_lsn(),
+            *latest_gc_cuttoff,
+            meta.initdb_lsn(),
+            meta.pg_version(),
+        );
+        update_meta = true;
+    }
+
+    if update_meta {
+        let metadata_bytes = meta.to_bytes()?;
+        std::fs::write(path, metadata_bytes)?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}

pageserver/src/bin/pageserver.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use clap::{Arg, ArgAction, Command};
 use fail::FailScenario;
 use metrics::launch_timestamp::{set_launch_timestamp_metric, LaunchTimestamp};
 use pageserver::disk_usage_eviction_task::{self, launch_disk_usage_global_eviction_task};
+use pageserver::task_mgr::WALRECEIVER_RUNTIME;
 use remote_storage::GenericRemoteStorage;
 use tracing::*;
 
@@ -18,9 +19,7 @@ use pageserver::{
     context::{DownloadBehavior, RequestContext},
     http, page_cache, page_service, task_mgr,
     task_mgr::TaskKind,
-    task_mgr::{
-        BACKGROUND_RUNTIME, COMPUTE_REQUEST_RUNTIME, MGMT_REQUEST_RUNTIME, WALRECEIVER_RUNTIME,
-    },
+    task_mgr::{BACKGROUND_RUNTIME, COMPUTE_REQUEST_RUNTIME, MGMT_REQUEST_RUNTIME},
     tenant::mgr,
     virtual_file,
 };
@@ -276,7 +275,18 @@ fn start_pageserver(
     let pageserver_listener = tcp_listener::bind(pg_addr)?;
 
     // Launch broker client
-    WALRECEIVER_RUNTIME.block_on(pageserver::broker_client::init_broker_client(conf))?;
+    // The storage_broker::connect call needs to happen inside a tokio runtime thread.
+    let broker_client = WALRECEIVER_RUNTIME
+        .block_on(async {
+            // Note: we do not attempt connecting here (but validate endpoints sanity).
+            storage_broker::connect(conf.broker_endpoint.clone(), conf.broker_keepalive_interval)
+        })
+        .with_context(|| {
+            format!(
+                "create broker client for uri={:?} keepalive_interval={:?}",
+                &conf.broker_endpoint, conf.broker_keepalive_interval,
+            )
+        })?;
 
     // Initialize authentication for incoming connections
     let http_auth;
@@ -325,8 +335,118 @@ fn start_pageserver(
     // Set up remote storage client
     let remote_storage = create_remote_storage_client(conf)?;
 
+    // Startup staging or optimizing:
+    //
+    // We want to minimize downtime for `page_service` connections, and trying not to overload
+    // BACKGROUND_RUNTIME by doing initial compactions and initial logical sizes at the same time.
+    //
+    // init_done_rx will notify when all initial load operations have completed.
+    //
+    // background_jobs_can_start (same name used to hold off background jobs from starting at
+    // consumer side) will be dropped once we can start the background jobs. Currently it is behind
+    // completing all initial logical size calculations (init_logical_size_done_rx) and a timeout
+    // (background_task_maximum_delay).
+    let (init_done_tx, init_done_rx) = utils::completion::channel();
+
+    let (init_logical_size_done_tx, init_logical_size_done_rx) = utils::completion::channel();
+
+    let (background_jobs_can_start, background_jobs_barrier) = utils::completion::channel();
+
+    let order = pageserver::InitializationOrder {
+        initial_tenant_load: Some(init_done_tx),
+        initial_logical_size_can_start: init_done_rx.clone(),
+        initial_logical_size_attempt: init_logical_size_done_tx,
+        background_jobs_can_start: background_jobs_barrier.clone(),
+    };
+
     // Scan the local 'tenants/' directory and start loading the tenants
-    BACKGROUND_RUNTIME.block_on(mgr::init_tenant_mgr(conf, remote_storage.clone()))?;
+    let init_started_at = std::time::Instant::now();
+    let shutdown_pageserver = tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken::new();
+
+    BACKGROUND_RUNTIME.block_on(mgr::init_tenant_mgr(
+        conf,
+        broker_client.clone(),
+        remote_storage.clone(),
+        order,
+    ))?;
+
+    BACKGROUND_RUNTIME.spawn({
+        let init_done_rx = init_done_rx;
+        let shutdown_pageserver = shutdown_pageserver.clone();
+        let drive_init = async move {
+            // NOTE: unlike many futures in pageserver, this one is cancellation-safe
+            let guard = scopeguard::guard_on_success((), |_| tracing::info!("Cancelled before initial load completed"));
+
+            init_done_rx.wait().await;
+            // initial logical sizes can now start, as they were waiting on init_done_rx.
+
+            scopeguard::ScopeGuard::into_inner(guard);
+
+            let init_done = std::time::Instant::now();
+            let elapsed = init_done - init_started_at;
+
+            tracing::info!(
+                elapsed_millis = elapsed.as_millis(),
+                "Initial load completed"
+            );
+
+            let mut init_sizes_done = std::pin::pin!(init_logical_size_done_rx.wait());
+
+            let timeout = conf.background_task_maximum_delay;
+
+            let guard = scopeguard::guard_on_success((), |_| tracing::info!("Cancelled before initial logical sizes completed"));
+
+            let init_sizes_done = tokio::select! {
+                _ = &mut init_sizes_done => {
+                    let now = std::time::Instant::now();
+                    tracing::info!(
+                        from_init_done_millis = (now - init_done).as_millis(),
+                        from_init_millis = (now - init_started_at).as_millis(),
+                        "Initial logical sizes completed"
+                    );
+                    None
+                }
+                _ = tokio::time::sleep(timeout) => {
+                    tracing::info!(
+                        timeout_millis = timeout.as_millis(),
+                        "Initial logical size timeout elapsed; starting background jobs"
+                    );
+                    Some(init_sizes_done)
+                }
+            };
+
+            scopeguard::ScopeGuard::into_inner(guard);
+
+            // allow background jobs to start
+            drop(background_jobs_can_start);
+
+            if let Some(init_sizes_done) = init_sizes_done {
+                // ending up here is not a bug; at the latest logical sizes will be queried by
+                // consumption metrics.
+                let guard = scopeguard::guard_on_success((), |_| tracing::info!("Cancelled before initial logical sizes completed"));
+                init_sizes_done.await;
+
+                scopeguard::ScopeGuard::into_inner(guard);
+
+                let now = std::time::Instant::now();
+                tracing::info!(
+                    from_init_done_millis = (now - init_done).as_millis(),
+                    from_init_millis = (now - init_started_at).as_millis(),
+                    "Initial logical sizes completed after timeout (background jobs already started)"
+                );
+
+            }
+        };
+
+        async move {
+            let mut drive_init = std::pin::pin!(drive_init);
+            // just race these tasks
+            tokio::select! {
+                _ = shutdown_pageserver.cancelled() => {},
+                _ = &mut drive_init => {},
+            }
+        }
+    });
 
     // shared state between the disk-usage backed eviction background task and the http endpoint
     // that allows triggering disk-usage based eviction manually. note that the http endpoint
@@ -339,6 +459,7 @@ fn start_pageserver(
             conf,
             remote_storage.clone(),
             disk_usage_eviction_state.clone(),
+            background_jobs_barrier.clone(),
         )?;
     }
 
@@ -351,6 +472,7 @@ fn start_pageserver(
             conf,
             launch_ts,
             http_auth,
+            broker_client.clone(),
             remote_storage,
             disk_usage_eviction_state,
         )?
@@ -375,6 +497,7 @@ fn start_pageserver(
         );
 
         if let Some(metric_collection_endpoint) = &conf.metric_collection_endpoint {
+            let background_jobs_barrier = background_jobs_barrier;
             let metrics_ctx = RequestContext::todo_child(
                 TaskKind::MetricsCollection,
                 // This task itself shouldn't download anything.
@@ -390,6 +513,18 @@ fn start_pageserver(
                 "consumption metrics collection",
                 true,
                 async move {
+                    // first wait until background jobs are cleared to launch.
+                    //
+                    // this is because we only process active tenants and timelines, and the
+                    // Timeline::get_current_logical_size will spawn the logical size calculation,
+                    // which will not be rate-limited.
+                    let cancel = task_mgr::shutdown_token();
+
+                    tokio::select! {
+                        _ = cancel.cancelled() => { return Ok(()); },
+                        _ = background_jobs_barrier.wait() => {}
+                    };
+
                     pageserver::consumption_metrics::collect_metrics(
                         metric_collection_endpoint,
                         conf.metric_collection_interval,
@@ -427,6 +562,7 @@ fn start_pageserver(
             async move {
                 page_service::libpq_listener_main(
                     conf,
+                    broker_client,
                     pg_auth,
                     pageserver_listener,
                     conf.pg_auth_type,
@@ -437,6 +573,8 @@ fn start_pageserver(
         );
     }
 
+    let mut shutdown_pageserver = Some(shutdown_pageserver.drop_guard());
+
     // All started up! Now just sit and wait for shutdown signal.
     ShutdownSignals::handle(|signal| match signal {
         Signal::Quit => {
@@ -452,6 +590,11 @@ fn start_pageserver(
                 "Got {}. Terminating gracefully in fast shutdown mode",
                 signal.name()
             );
+
+            // This cancels the `shutdown_pageserver` cancellation tree.
+            // Right now that tree doesn't reach very far, and `task_mgr` is used instead.
+            // The plan is to change that over time.
+            shutdown_pageserver.take();
             BACKGROUND_RUNTIME.block_on(pageserver::shutdown_pageserver(0));
             unreachable!()
         }

pageserver/src/bin/pageserver_binutils.rs

@@ -1,157 +0,0 @@
-//! A helper tool to manage pageserver binary files.
-//! Accepts a file as an argument, attempts to parse it with all ways possible
-//! and prints its interpreted context.
-//!
-//! Separate, `metadata` subcommand allows to print and update pageserver's metadata file.
-use std::{
-    path::{Path, PathBuf},
-    str::FromStr,
-};
-
-use anyhow::Context;
-use clap::{value_parser, Arg, Command};
-
-use pageserver::{
-    context::{DownloadBehavior, RequestContext},
-    page_cache,
-    task_mgr::TaskKind,
-    tenant::{dump_layerfile_from_path, metadata::TimelineMetadata},
-    virtual_file,
-};
-use postgres_ffi::ControlFileData;
-use utils::{lsn::Lsn, project_git_version};
-
-project_git_version!(GIT_VERSION);
-
-const METADATA_SUBCOMMAND: &str = "metadata";
-
-fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    let arg_matches = cli().get_matches();
-
-    match arg_matches.subcommand() {
-        Some((subcommand_name, subcommand_matches)) => {
-            let path = subcommand_matches
-                .get_one::<PathBuf>("metadata_path")
-                .context("'metadata_path' argument is missing")?
-                .to_path_buf();
-            anyhow::ensure!(
-                subcommand_name == METADATA_SUBCOMMAND,
-                "Unknown subcommand {subcommand_name}"
-            );
-            handle_metadata(&path, subcommand_matches)?;
-        }
-        None => {
-            let path = arg_matches
-                .get_one::<PathBuf>("path")
-                .context("'path' argument is missing")?
-                .to_path_buf();
-            println!(
-                "No subcommand specified, attempting to guess the format for file {}",
-                path.display()
-            );
-            if let Err(e) = read_pg_control_file(&path) {
-                println!(
-                    "Failed to read input file as a pg control one: {e:#}\n\
-                    Attempting to read it as layer file"
-                );
-                print_layerfile(&path)?;
-            }
-        }
-    };
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-fn read_pg_control_file(control_file_path: &Path) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    let control_file = ControlFileData::decode(&std::fs::read(control_file_path)?)?;
-    println!("{control_file:?}");
-    let control_file_initdb = Lsn(control_file.checkPoint);
-    println!(
-        "pg_initdb_lsn: {}, aligned: {}",
-        control_file_initdb,
-        control_file_initdb.align()
-    );
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-fn print_layerfile(path: &Path) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    // Basic initialization of things that don't change after startup
-    virtual_file::init(10);
-    page_cache::init(100);
-    let ctx = RequestContext::new(TaskKind::DebugTool, DownloadBehavior::Error);
-    dump_layerfile_from_path(path, true, &ctx)
-}
-
-fn handle_metadata(path: &Path, arg_matches: &clap::ArgMatches) -> Result<(), anyhow::Error> {
-    let metadata_bytes = std::fs::read(path)?;
-    let mut meta = TimelineMetadata::from_bytes(&metadata_bytes)?;
-    println!("Current metadata:\n{meta:?}");
-    let mut update_meta = false;
-    if let Some(disk_consistent_lsn) = arg_matches.get_one::<String>("disk_consistent_lsn") {
-        meta = TimelineMetadata::new(
-            Lsn::from_str(disk_consistent_lsn)?,
-            meta.prev_record_lsn(),
-            meta.ancestor_timeline(),
-            meta.ancestor_lsn(),
-            meta.latest_gc_cutoff_lsn(),
-            meta.initdb_lsn(),
-            meta.pg_version(),
-        );
-        update_meta = true;
-    }
-    if let Some(prev_record_lsn) = arg_matches.get_one::<String>("prev_record_lsn") {
-        meta = TimelineMetadata::new(
-            meta.disk_consistent_lsn(),
-            Some(Lsn::from_str(prev_record_lsn)?),
-            meta.ancestor_timeline(),
-            meta.ancestor_lsn(),
-            meta.latest_gc_cutoff_lsn(),
-            meta.initdb_lsn(),
-            meta.pg_version(),
-        );
-        update_meta = true;
-    }
-
-    if update_meta {
-        let metadata_bytes = meta.to_bytes()?;
-        std::fs::write(path, metadata_bytes)?;
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-fn cli() -> Command {
-    Command::new("Neon Pageserver binutils")
-        .about("Reads pageserver (and related) binary files management utility")
-        .version(GIT_VERSION)
-        .arg(
-            Arg::new("path")
-                .help("Input file path")
-                .value_parser(value_parser!(PathBuf))
-                .required(false),
-        )
-        .subcommand(
-            Command::new(METADATA_SUBCOMMAND)
-                .about("Read and update pageserver metadata file")
-                .arg(
-                    Arg::new("metadata_path")
-                        .help("Input metadata file path")
-                        .value_parser(value_parser!(PathBuf))
-                        .required(false),
-                )
-                .arg(
-                    Arg::new("disk_consistent_lsn")
-                        .long("disk_consistent_lsn")
-                        .help("Replace disk consistent Lsn"),
-                )
-                .arg(
-                    Arg::new("prev_record_lsn")
-                        .long("prev_record_lsn")
-                        .help("Replace previous record Lsn"),
-                ),
-        )
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn verify_cli() {
-    cli().debug_assert();
-}

pageserver/src/broker_client.rs

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-//! The broker client instance of the pageserver, created during pageserver startup.
-//! Used by each timelines' [`walreceiver`].
-
-use crate::config::PageServerConf;
-
-use anyhow::Context;
-use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
-use storage_broker::BrokerClientChannel;
-use tracing::*;
-
-static BROKER_CLIENT: OnceCell<BrokerClientChannel> = OnceCell::new();
-
-///
-/// Initialize the broker client. This must be called once at page server startup.
-///
-pub async fn init_broker_client(conf: &'static PageServerConf) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    let broker_endpoint = conf.broker_endpoint.clone();
-
-    // Note: we do not attempt connecting here (but validate endpoints sanity).
-    let broker_client =
-        storage_broker::connect(broker_endpoint.clone(), conf.broker_keepalive_interval).context(
-            format!(
-                "Failed to create broker client to {}",
-                &conf.broker_endpoint
-            ),
-        )?;
-
-    if BROKER_CLIENT.set(broker_client).is_err() {
-        panic!("broker already initialized");
-    }
-
-    info!(
-        "Initialized broker client with endpoints: {}",
-        broker_endpoint
-    );
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-///
-/// Get a handle to the broker client
-///
-pub fn get_broker_client() -> &'static BrokerClientChannel {
-    BROKER_CLIENT.get().expect("broker client not initialized")
-}
-
-pub fn is_broker_client_initialized() -> bool {
-    BROKER_CLIENT.get().is_some()
-}

pageserver/src/config.rs

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ pub mod defaults {
     pub const DEFAULT_CACHED_METRIC_COLLECTION_INTERVAL: &str = "1 hour";
     pub const DEFAULT_METRIC_COLLECTION_ENDPOINT: Option<reqwest::Url> = None;
     pub const DEFAULT_SYNTHETIC_SIZE_CALCULATION_INTERVAL: &str = "10 min";
+    pub const DEFAULT_BACKGROUND_TASK_MAXIMUM_DELAY: &str = "10s";
 
     ///
     /// Default built-in configuration file.
@@ -91,9 +92,10 @@ pub mod defaults {
 #cached_metric_collection_interval = '{DEFAULT_CACHED_METRIC_COLLECTION_INTERVAL}'
 #synthetic_size_calculation_interval = '{DEFAULT_SYNTHETIC_SIZE_CALCULATION_INTERVAL}'
 
-
 #disk_usage_based_eviction = {{ max_usage_pct = .., min_avail_bytes = .., period = "10s"}}
 
+#background_task_maximum_delay = '{DEFAULT_BACKGROUND_TASK_MAXIMUM_DELAY}'
+
 # [tenant_config]
 #checkpoint_distance = {DEFAULT_CHECKPOINT_DISTANCE} # in bytes
 #checkpoint_timeout = {DEFAULT_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT}
@@ -108,7 +110,7 @@ pub mod defaults {
 
 #min_resident_size_override = .. # in bytes
 #evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold = '{DEFAULT_EVICTIONS_LOW_RESIDENCE_DURATION_METRIC_THRESHOLD}'
-
+#gc_feedback = false
 # [remote_storage]
 
 "###
@@ -187,6 +189,15 @@ pub struct PageServerConf {
     pub test_remote_failures: u64,
 
     pub ondemand_download_behavior_treat_error_as_warn: bool,
+
+    /// How long will background tasks be delayed at most after initial load of tenants.
+    ///
+    /// Our largest initialization completions are in the range of 100-200s, so perhaps 10s works
+    /// as we now isolate initial loading, initial logical size calculation and background tasks.
+    /// Smaller nodes will have background tasks "not running" for this long unless every timeline
+    /// has it's initial logical size calculated. Not running background tasks for some seconds is
+    /// not terrible.
+    pub background_task_maximum_delay: Duration,
 }
 
 /// We do not want to store this in a PageServerConf because the latter may be logged
@@ -259,6 +270,8 @@ struct PageServerConfigBuilder {
     test_remote_failures: BuilderValue<u64>,
 
     ondemand_download_behavior_treat_error_as_warn: BuilderValue<bool>,
+
+    background_task_maximum_delay: BuilderValue<Duration>,
 }
 
 impl Default for PageServerConfigBuilder {
@@ -316,6 +329,11 @@ impl Default for PageServerConfigBuilder {
             test_remote_failures: Set(0),
 
             ondemand_download_behavior_treat_error_as_warn: Set(false),
+
+            background_task_maximum_delay: Set(humantime::parse_duration(
+                DEFAULT_BACKGROUND_TASK_MAXIMUM_DELAY,
+            )
+            .unwrap()),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -440,6 +458,10 @@ impl PageServerConfigBuilder {
             BuilderValue::Set(ondemand_download_behavior_treat_error_as_warn);
     }
 
+    pub fn background_task_maximum_delay(&mut self, delay: Duration) {
+        self.background_task_maximum_delay = BuilderValue::Set(delay);
+    }
+
     pub fn build(self) -> anyhow::Result<PageServerConf> {
         let concurrent_tenant_size_logical_size_queries = self
             .concurrent_tenant_size_logical_size_queries
@@ -522,6 +544,9 @@ impl PageServerConfigBuilder {
                 .ok_or(anyhow!(
                     "missing ondemand_download_behavior_treat_error_as_warn"
                 ))?,
+            background_task_maximum_delay: self
+                .background_task_maximum_delay
+                .ok_or(anyhow!("missing background_task_maximum_delay"))?,
         })
     }
 }
@@ -710,6 +735,7 @@ impl PageServerConf {
                     )
                 },
                 "ondemand_download_behavior_treat_error_as_warn" => builder.ondemand_download_behavior_treat_error_as_warn(parse_toml_bool(key, item)?),
+                "background_task_maximum_delay" => builder.background_task_maximum_delay(parse_toml_duration(key, item)?),
                 _ => bail!("unrecognized pageserver option '{key}'"),
             }
         }
@@ -797,7 +823,8 @@ impl PageServerConf {
             )?);
         }
         if let Some(max_lsn_wal_lag) = item.get("max_lsn_wal_lag") {
-            t_conf.max_lsn_wal_lag = Some(parse_toml_from_str("max_lsn_wal_lag", max_lsn_wal_lag)?);
+            t_conf.max_lsn_wal_lag =
+                Some(deserialize_from_item("max_lsn_wal_lag", max_lsn_wal_lag)?);
         }
         if let Some(trace_read_requests) = item.get("trace_read_requests") {
             t_conf.trace_read_requests =
@@ -827,6 +854,14 @@ impl PageServerConf {
             )?);
         }
 
+        if let Some(gc_feedback) = item.get("gc_feedback") {
+            t_conf.gc_feedback = Some(
+                gc_feedback
+                    .as_bool()
+                    .with_context(|| "configure option gc_feedback is not a bool".to_string())?,
+            );
+        }
+
         Ok(t_conf)
     }
 
@@ -868,6 +903,7 @@ impl PageServerConf {
             disk_usage_based_eviction: None,
             test_remote_failures: 0,
             ondemand_download_behavior_treat_error_as_warn: false,
+            background_task_maximum_delay: Duration::ZERO,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1027,6 +1063,7 @@ metric_collection_endpoint = 'http://localhost:80/metrics'
 synthetic_size_calculation_interval = '333 s'
 
 log_format = 'json'
+background_task_maximum_delay = '334 s'
 
 "#;
 
@@ -1085,6 +1122,9 @@ log_format = 'json'
                 disk_usage_based_eviction: None,
                 test_remote_failures: 0,
                 ondemand_download_behavior_treat_error_as_warn: false,
+                background_task_maximum_delay: humantime::parse_duration(
+                    defaults::DEFAULT_BACKGROUND_TASK_MAXIMUM_DELAY
+                )?,
             },
             "Correct defaults should be used when no config values are provided"
         );
@@ -1139,6 +1179,7 @@ log_format = 'json'
                 disk_usage_based_eviction: None,
                 test_remote_failures: 0,
                 ondemand_download_behavior_treat_error_as_warn: false,
+                background_task_maximum_delay: Duration::from_secs(334),
             },
             "Should be able to parse all basic config values correctly"
         );

pageserver/src/consumption_metrics.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 //!
 use crate::context::{DownloadBehavior, RequestContext};
 use crate::task_mgr::{self, TaskKind, BACKGROUND_RUNTIME};
-use crate::tenant::mgr;
+use crate::tenant::{mgr, LogicalSizeCalculationCause};
 use anyhow;
 use chrono::Utc;
 use consumption_metrics::{idempotency_key, Event, EventChunk, EventType, CHUNK_SIZE};
@@ -164,7 +164,8 @@ pub async fn collect_metrics_iteration(
                     timeline_written_size,
                 ));
 
-                match timeline.get_current_logical_size(ctx) {
+                let span = info_span!("collect_metrics_iteration", tenant_id = %timeline.tenant_id, timeline_id = %timeline.timeline_id);
+                match span.in_scope(|| timeline.get_current_logical_size(ctx)) {
                     // Only send timeline logical size when it is fully calculated.
                     Ok((size, is_exact)) if is_exact => {
                         current_metrics.push((
@@ -334,7 +335,9 @@ pub async fn calculate_synthetic_size_worker(
 
                     if let Ok(tenant) = mgr::get_tenant(tenant_id, true).await
                     {
-                        if let Err(e) = tenant.calculate_synthetic_size(ctx).await {
+                        if let Err(e) = tenant.calculate_synthetic_size(
+                            LogicalSizeCalculationCause::ConsumptionMetricsSyntheticSize,
+                            ctx).await {
                             error!("failed to calculate synthetic size for tenant {}: {}", tenant_id, e);
                         }
                     }

pageserver/src/context.rs

@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@
 use crate::task_mgr::TaskKind;
 
 // The main structure of this module, see module-level comment.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct RequestContext {
     task_kind: TaskKind,
     download_behavior: DownloadBehavior,
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ pub struct RequestContext {
 
 /// Desired behavior if the operation requires an on-demand download
 /// to proceed.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
 pub enum DownloadBehavior {
     /// Download the layer file. It can take a while.
     Download,

pageserver/src/disk_usage_eviction_task.rs

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use tokio::time::Instant;
 use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
 use tracing::{debug, error, info, instrument, warn, Instrument};
+use utils::completion;
 use utils::serde_percent::Percent;
 
 use crate::{
@@ -82,6 +83,7 @@ pub fn launch_disk_usage_global_eviction_task(
     conf: &'static PageServerConf,
     storage: GenericRemoteStorage,
     state: Arc<State>,
+    background_jobs_barrier: completion::Barrier,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let Some(task_config) = &conf.disk_usage_based_eviction else {
         info!("disk usage based eviction task not configured");
@@ -98,14 +100,16 @@ pub fn launch_disk_usage_global_eviction_task(
         "disk usage based eviction",
         false,
         async move {
-            disk_usage_eviction_task(
-                &state,
-                task_config,
-                storage,
-                &conf.tenants_path(),
-                task_mgr::shutdown_token(),
-            )
-            .await;
+            let cancel = task_mgr::shutdown_token();
+
+            // wait until initial load is complete, because we cannot evict from loading tenants.
+            tokio::select! {
+                _ = cancel.cancelled() => { return Ok(()); },
+                _ = background_jobs_barrier.wait() => { }
+            };
+
+            disk_usage_eviction_task(&state, task_config, storage, &conf.tenants_path(), cancel)
+                .await;
             info!("disk usage based eviction task finishing");
             Ok(())
         },

pageserver/src/http/openapi_spec.yml

@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ paths:
               schema:
                 $ref: "#/components/schemas/NotFoundError"
         "412":
-          description: Tenant is missing
+          description: Tenant is missing, or timeline has children
           content:
             application/json:
               schema:
@@ -346,28 +346,47 @@ paths:
         starts writing to the tenant's S3 state unless it receives one of the
         distinguished errors below that state otherwise.
 
-        The method to identify whether a request has arrived at the pageserver, and
-        whether it has succeeded, is to poll for the tenant status to reach "Active"
-        or "Broken" state. These values are currently not explicitly documented in
-        the API spec.
-        Polling for `has_in_progress_downloads == false` is INCORRECT because that
-        value can turn `false` during shutdown while the Attach operation is still
-        unfinished.
+        If a client receives a not-distinguished response, e.g., a network timeout,
+        it MUST retry the /attach request and poll again for the tenant's
+        attachment status.
+
+        After the client has received a 202, it MUST poll the tenant's
+        attachment status (field `attachment_status`) to reach state `attached`.
+        If the `attachment_status` is missing, the client MUST retry the `/attach`
+        request (goto previous paragraph). This is a robustness measure in case the tenant
+        status endpoint is buggy, but the attach operation is ongoing.
 
         There is no way to cancel an in-flight request.
 
-        If a client receives a not-distinguished response, e.g., a network timeout,
-        it MUST retry the /attach request and poll again for tenant status.
+        In any case, the client
+        * MUST NOT ASSUME that the /attach request has been lost in the network,
+        * MUST NOT ASSUME that the request has been lost, based on the observation
+          that a subsequent tenant status request returns 404. The request may
+          still be in flight. It must be retried.
 
-        In any case, it must
-        * NOT ASSUME that the /attach request has been lost in the network,
-        * NOT ASSUME that the request has been lost based on a subsequent
-          tenant status request returning 404. (The request may still be in flight!)
+        The client SHOULD supply a `TenantConfig` for the tenant in the request body.
+        Settings specified in the config override the pageserver's defaults.
+        It is guaranteed that the config settings are applied before the pageserver
+        starts operating on the tenant. E.g., if the config specifies a specific
+        PITR interval for a tenant, then that setting will be in effect before the
+        pageserver starts the garbage collection loop. This enables a client to
+        guarantee a specific PITR setting across detach/attach cycles.
+        The pageserver will reject the request if it cannot parse the config, or
+        if there are any unknown fields in it.
+
+        If the client does not supply a config, the pageserver will use its defaults.
+        This behavior is deprecated: https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/4282
+      requestBody:
+        required: false
+        content:
+          application/json:
+            schema:
+              $ref: "#/components/schemas/TenantAttachRequest"
       responses:
         "202":
           description: Tenant attaching scheduled
         "400":
-          description: Error when no tenant id found in path parameters
+          description: Bad Request
           content:
             application/json:
               schema:
@@ -660,6 +679,8 @@ paths:
           application/json:
             schema:
               type: object
+              required:
+                - new_timeline_id
               properties:
                 new_timeline_id:
                   type: string
@@ -741,13 +762,16 @@ paths:
                 $ref: "#/components/schemas/Error"
     post:
       description: |
-        Create a tenant. Returns new tenant id on success.\
+        Create a tenant. Returns new tenant id on success.
+
         If no new tenant id is specified in parameters, it would be generated. It's an error to recreate the same tenant.
+
+        Invalid fields in the tenant config will cause the request to be rejected with status 400.
       requestBody:
         content:
           application/json:
             schema:
-              $ref: "#/components/schemas/TenantCreateInfo"
+              $ref: "#/components/schemas/TenantCreateRequest"
       responses:
         "201":
           description: New tenant created successfully
@@ -790,11 +814,13 @@ paths:
     put:
       description: |
         Update tenant's config.
+
+        Invalid fields in the tenant config will cause the request to be rejected with status 400.
       requestBody:
         content:
           application/json:
             schema:
-              $ref: "#/components/schemas/TenantConfigInfo"
+              $ref: "#/components/schemas/TenantConfigRequest"
       responses:
         "200":
           description: OK
@@ -846,7 +872,7 @@ paths:
           content:
             application/json:
               schema:
-                $ref: "#/components/schemas/TenantConfig"
+                $ref: "#/components/schemas/TenantConfigResponse"
         "400":
           description: Malformed get tenanant config request
           content:
@@ -888,42 +914,73 @@ components:
       type: object
       required:
         - id
+        - attachment_status
       properties:
         id:
           type: string
         current_physical_size:
           type: integer
-        has_in_progress_downloads:
-          type: boolean
-    TenantCreateInfo:
+        attachment_status:
+          description: |
+            Status of this tenant's attachment to this pageserver.
+
+            - `maybe` means almost nothing, don't read anything into it
+              except for the fact that the pageserver _might_ be already
+              writing to the tenant's S3 state, so, DO NOT ATTACH the
+              tenant to any other pageserver, or we risk split-brain.
+            - `attached` means that the attach operation has completed,
+              successfully
+            - `failed` means that attach has failed. For reason check corresponding `reason` failed.
+              `failed` is the terminal state, retrying attach call wont resolve the issue.
+              For example this can be caused by s3 being unreachable. The retry may be implemented
+              with call to detach, though it would be better to not automate it and inspec failed state
+              manually before proceeding with a retry.
+
+            See the tenant `/attach` endpoint for more information.
+          type: object
+          required:
+            - slug
+            - data
+          properties:
+            slug:
+              type: string
+              enum: [ "maybe", "attached", "failed" ]
+            data:
+              type: object
+              properties:
+                reason:
+                  type: string
+
+    TenantCreateRequest:
+      allOf:
+        - $ref: '#/components/schemas/TenantConfig'
+        - type: object
+          required:
+            - new_tenant_id
+          properties:
+            new_tenant_id:
+              type: string
+              format: hex
+    TenantAttachRequest:
+      type: object
+      required:
+        - config
+      properties:
+        config:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/TenantConfig'
+    TenantConfigRequest:
+      allOf:
+        - $ref: '#/components/schemas/TenantConfig'
+        - type: object
+          required:
+            - tenant_id
+          properties:
+            tenant_id:
+              type: string
+              format: hex
+    TenantConfig:
       type: object
       properties:
-        new_tenant_id:
-          type: string
-          format: hex
-        tenant_id:
-          type: string
-          format: hex
-        gc_period:
-          type: string
-        gc_horizon:
-          type: integer
-        pitr_interval:
-          type: string
-        checkpoint_distance:
-          type: integer
-        checkpoint_timeout:
-          type: string
-        compaction_period:
-          type: string
-        compaction_threshold:
-          type: string
-    TenantConfigInfo:
-      type: object
-      properties:
-        tenant_id:
-          type: string
-          format: hex
         gc_period:
           type: string
         gc_horizon:
@@ -950,13 +1007,13 @@ components:
           type: integer
         trace_read_requests:
           type: boolean
-    TenantConfig:
+    TenantConfigResponse:
       type: object
       properties:
         tenant_specific_overrides:
-          $ref: "#/components/schemas/TenantConfigInfo"
+          $ref: "#/components/schemas/TenantConfig"
         effective_config:
-          $ref: "#/components/schemas/TenantConfigInfo"
+          $ref: "#/components/schemas/TenantConfig"
     TimelineInfo:
       type: object
       required:

pageserver/src/http/routes.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+//!
+//! Management HTTP API
+//!
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -5,12 +8,14 @@ use anyhow::{anyhow, Context, Result};
 use hyper::StatusCode;
 use hyper::{Body, Request, Response, Uri};
 use metrics::launch_timestamp::LaunchTimestamp;
-use pageserver_api::models::DownloadRemoteLayersTaskSpawnRequest;
+use pageserver_api::models::{DownloadRemoteLayersTaskSpawnRequest, TenantAttachRequest};
 use remote_storage::GenericRemoteStorage;
+use storage_broker::BrokerClientChannel;
 use tenant_size_model::{SizeResult, StorageModel};
 use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
 use tracing::*;
-use utils::http::endpoint::RequestSpan;
+use utils::http::endpoint::request_span;
+use utils::http::json::json_request_or_empty_body;
 use utils::http::request::{get_request_param, must_get_query_param, parse_query_param};
 
 use super::models::{
@@ -19,13 +24,16 @@ use super::models::{
 };
 use crate::context::{DownloadBehavior, RequestContext};
 use crate::disk_usage_eviction_task;
+use crate::metrics::{StorageTimeOperation, STORAGE_TIME_GLOBAL};
 use crate::pgdatadir_mapping::LsnForTimestamp;
 use crate::task_mgr::TaskKind;
 use crate::tenant::config::TenantConfOpt;
-use crate::tenant::mgr::{TenantMapInsertError, TenantStateError};
+use crate::tenant::mgr::{
+    GetTenantError, SetNewTenantConfigError, TenantMapInsertError, TenantStateError,
+};
 use crate::tenant::size::ModelInputs;
 use crate::tenant::storage_layer::LayerAccessStatsReset;
-use crate::tenant::{PageReconstructError, Timeline};
+use crate::tenant::{LogicalSizeCalculationCause, PageReconstructError, Timeline};
 use crate::{config::PageServerConf, tenant::mgr};
 use utils::{
     auth::JwtAuth,
@@ -41,7 +49,6 @@ use utils::{
 };
 
 // Imports only used for testing APIs
-#[cfg(feature = "testing")]
 use super::models::ConfigureFailpointsRequest;
 
 struct State {
@@ -49,6 +56,7 @@ struct State {
     auth: Option<Arc<JwtAuth>>,
     allowlist_routes: Vec<Uri>,
     remote_storage: Option<GenericRemoteStorage>,
+    broker_client: storage_broker::BrokerClientChannel,
     disk_usage_eviction_state: Arc<disk_usage_eviction_task::State>,
 }
 
@@ -57,6 +65,7 @@ impl State {
         conf: &'static PageServerConf,
         auth: Option<Arc<JwtAuth>>,
         remote_storage: Option<GenericRemoteStorage>,
+        broker_client: storage_broker::BrokerClientChannel,
         disk_usage_eviction_state: Arc<disk_usage_eviction_task::State>,
     ) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
         let allowlist_routes = ["/v1/status", "/v1/doc", "/swagger.yml"]
@@ -68,6 +77,7 @@ impl State {
             auth,
             allowlist_routes,
             remote_storage,
+            broker_client,
             disk_usage_eviction_state,
         })
     }
@@ -105,6 +115,9 @@ impl From<PageReconstructError> for ApiError {
             PageReconstructError::Cancelled => {
                 ApiError::InternalServerError(anyhow::anyhow!("request was cancelled"))
             }
+            PageReconstructError::AncestorStopping(_) => {
+                ApiError::InternalServerError(anyhow::Error::new(pre))
+            }
             PageReconstructError::WalRedo(pre) => {
                 ApiError::InternalServerError(anyhow::Error::new(pre))
             }
@@ -135,14 +148,45 @@ impl From<TenantStateError> for ApiError {
     }
 }
 
+impl From<GetTenantError> for ApiError {
+    fn from(tse: GetTenantError) -> ApiError {
+        match tse {
+            GetTenantError::NotFound(tid) => ApiError::NotFound(anyhow!("tenant {}", tid)),
+            e @ GetTenantError::NotActive(_) => {
+                // Why is this not `ApiError::NotFound`?
+                // Because we must be careful to never return 404 for a tenant if it does
+                // in fact exist locally. If we did, the caller could draw the conclusion
+                // that it can attach the tenant to another PS and we'd be in split-brain.
+                //
+                // (We can produce this variant only in `mgr::get_tenant(..., active=true)` calls).
+                ApiError::InternalServerError(anyhow::Error::new(e))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<SetNewTenantConfigError> for ApiError {
+    fn from(e: SetNewTenantConfigError) -> ApiError {
+        match e {
+            SetNewTenantConfigError::GetTenant(tid) => {
+                ApiError::NotFound(anyhow!("tenant {}", tid))
+            }
+            e @ SetNewTenantConfigError::Persist(_) => {
+                ApiError::InternalServerError(anyhow::Error::new(e))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<crate::tenant::DeleteTimelineError> for ApiError {
     fn from(value: crate::tenant::DeleteTimelineError) -> Self {
         use crate::tenant::DeleteTimelineError::*;
         match value {
             NotFound => ApiError::NotFound(anyhow::anyhow!("timeline not found")),
-            HasChildren => ApiError::BadRequest(anyhow::anyhow!(
-                "Cannot delete timeline which has child timelines"
-            )),
+            HasChildren(children) => ApiError::PreconditionFailed(
+                format!("Cannot delete timeline which has child timelines: {children:?}")
+                    .into_boxed_str(),
+            ),
             Other(e) => ApiError::InternalServerError(e),
         }
     }
@@ -154,9 +198,9 @@ impl From<crate::tenant::mgr::DeleteTimelineError> for ApiError {
         match value {
             // Report Precondition failed so client can distinguish between
             // "tenant is missing" case from "timeline is missing"
-            Tenant(TenantStateError::NotFound(..)) => {
-                ApiError::PreconditionFailed("Requested tenant is missing")
-            }
+            Tenant(GetTenantError::NotFound(..)) => ApiError::PreconditionFailed(
+                "Requested tenant is missing".to_owned().into_boxed_str(),
+            ),
             Tenant(t) => ApiError::from(t),
             Timeline(t) => ApiError::from(t),
         }
@@ -169,6 +213,8 @@ async fn build_timeline_info(
     include_non_incremental_logical_size: bool,
     ctx: &RequestContext,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<TimelineInfo> {
+    crate::tenant::debug_assert_current_span_has_tenant_and_timeline_id();
+
     let mut info = build_timeline_info_common(timeline, ctx)?;
     if include_non_incremental_logical_size {
         // XXX we should be using spawn_ondemand_logical_size_calculation here.
@@ -191,6 +237,7 @@ fn build_timeline_info_common(
     timeline: &Arc<Timeline>,
     ctx: &RequestContext,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<TimelineInfo> {
+    crate::tenant::debug_assert_current_span_has_tenant_and_timeline_id();
     let last_record_lsn = timeline.get_last_record_lsn();
     let (wal_source_connstr, last_received_msg_lsn, last_received_msg_ts) = {
         let guard = timeline.last_received_wal.lock().unwrap();
@@ -246,45 +293,58 @@ fn build_timeline_info_common(
 }
 
 // healthcheck handler
-async fn status_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn status_handler(
+    request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     check_permission(&request, None)?;
     let config = get_config(&request);
     json_response(StatusCode::OK, StatusResponse { id: config.id })
 }
 
-async fn timeline_create_handler(mut request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn timeline_create_handler(
+    mut request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
     let request_data: TimelineCreateRequest = json_request(&mut request).await?;
     check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_id))?;
 
-    let new_timeline_id = request_data
-        .new_timeline_id
-        .unwrap_or_else(TimelineId::generate);
+    let new_timeline_id = request_data.new_timeline_id;
 
     let ctx = RequestContext::new(TaskKind::MgmtRequest, DownloadBehavior::Error);
 
-    let tenant = mgr::get_tenant(tenant_id, true).await?;
-    match tenant.create_timeline(
-        new_timeline_id,
-        request_data.ancestor_timeline_id.map(TimelineId::from),
-        request_data.ancestor_start_lsn,
-        request_data.pg_version.unwrap_or(crate::DEFAULT_PG_VERSION),
-        &ctx,
-    )
-    .instrument(info_span!("timeline_create", tenant = %tenant_id, new_timeline = ?request_data.new_timeline_id, timeline_id = %new_timeline_id, lsn=?request_data.ancestor_start_lsn, pg_version=?request_data.pg_version))
-    .await {
-        Ok(Some(new_timeline)) => {
-            // Created. Construct a TimelineInfo for it.
-            let timeline_info = build_timeline_info_common(&new_timeline, &ctx)
-                .map_err(ApiError::InternalServerError)?;
-            json_response(StatusCode::CREATED, timeline_info)
+    let state = get_state(&request);
+
+    async {
+        let tenant = mgr::get_tenant(tenant_id, true).await?;
+        match tenant.create_timeline(
+            new_timeline_id,
+            request_data.ancestor_timeline_id.map(TimelineId::from),
+            request_data.ancestor_start_lsn,
+            request_data.pg_version.unwrap_or(crate::DEFAULT_PG_VERSION),
+            state.broker_client.clone(),
+            &ctx,
+        )
+        .await {
+            Ok(Some(new_timeline)) => {
+                // Created. Construct a TimelineInfo for it.
+                let timeline_info = build_timeline_info_common(&new_timeline, &ctx)
+                    .map_err(ApiError::InternalServerError)?;
+                json_response(StatusCode::CREATED, timeline_info)
+            }
+            Ok(None) => json_response(StatusCode::CONFLICT, ()), // timeline already exists
+            Err(err) => Err(ApiError::InternalServerError(err)),
         }
-        Ok(None) => json_response(StatusCode::CONFLICT, ()), // timeline already exists
-        Err(err) => Err(ApiError::InternalServerError(err)),
     }
+    .instrument(info_span!("timeline_create", tenant = %tenant_id, timeline_id = %new_timeline_id, lsn=?request_data.ancestor_start_lsn, pg_version=?request_data.pg_version))
+    .await
 }
 
-async fn timeline_list_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn timeline_list_handler(
+    request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
     let include_non_incremental_logical_size: Option<bool> =
         parse_query_param(&request, "include-non-incremental-logical-size")?;
@@ -303,6 +363,7 @@ async fn timeline_list_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>,
                 include_non_incremental_logical_size.unwrap_or(false),
                 &ctx,
             )
+            .instrument(info_span!("build_timeline_info", timeline_id = %timeline.timeline_id))
             .await
             .context("Failed to convert tenant timeline {timeline_id} into the local one: {e:?}")
             .map_err(ApiError::InternalServerError)?;
@@ -317,7 +378,10 @@ async fn timeline_list_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>,
     json_response(StatusCode::OK, response_data)
 }
 
-async fn timeline_detail_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn timeline_detail_handler(
+    request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
     let timeline_id: TimelineId = parse_request_param(&request, "timeline_id")?;
     let include_non_incremental_logical_size: Option<bool> =
@@ -351,7 +415,10 @@ async fn timeline_detail_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body
     json_response(StatusCode::OK, timeline_info)
 }
 
-async fn get_lsn_by_timestamp_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn get_lsn_by_timestamp_handler(
+    request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
     check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_id))?;
 
@@ -375,11 +442,19 @@ async fn get_lsn_by_timestamp_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response
     json_response(StatusCode::OK, result)
 }
 
-// TODO makes sense to provide tenant config right away the same way as it handled in tenant_create
-async fn tenant_attach_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn tenant_attach_handler(
+    mut request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
     check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_id))?;
 
+    let maybe_body: Option<TenantAttachRequest> = json_request_or_empty_body(&mut request).await?;
+    let tenant_conf = match maybe_body {
+        Some(request) => TenantConfOpt::try_from(&*request.config).map_err(ApiError::BadRequest)?,
+        None => TenantConfOpt::default(),
+    };
+
     let ctx = RequestContext::new(TaskKind::MgmtRequest, DownloadBehavior::Warn);
 
     info!("Handling tenant attach {tenant_id}");
@@ -387,9 +462,16 @@ async fn tenant_attach_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>,
     let state = get_state(&request);
 
     if let Some(remote_storage) = &state.remote_storage {
-        mgr::attach_tenant(state.conf, tenant_id, remote_storage.clone(), &ctx)
-            .instrument(info_span!("tenant_attach", tenant = %tenant_id))
-            .await?;
+        mgr::attach_tenant(
+            state.conf,
+            tenant_id,
+            tenant_conf,
+            state.broker_client.clone(),
+            remote_storage.clone(),
+            &ctx,
+        )
+        .instrument(info_span!("tenant_attach", tenant = %tenant_id))
+        .await?;
     } else {
         return Err(ApiError::BadRequest(anyhow!(
             "attach_tenant is not possible because pageserver was configured without remote storage"
@@ -399,7 +481,10 @@ async fn tenant_attach_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>,
     json_response(StatusCode::ACCEPTED, ())
 }
 
-async fn timeline_delete_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn timeline_delete_handler(
+    request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
     let timeline_id: TimelineId = parse_request_param(&request, "timeline_id")?;
     check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_id))?;
@@ -410,10 +495,14 @@ async fn timeline_delete_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body
         .instrument(info_span!("timeline_delete", tenant = %tenant_id, timeline = %timeline_id))
         .await?;
 
-    json_response(StatusCode::OK, ())
+    // FIXME: needs to be an error for console to retry it. Ideally Accepted should be used and retried until 404.
+    json_response(StatusCode::ACCEPTED, ())
 }
 
-async fn tenant_detach_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn tenant_detach_handler(
+    request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
     check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_id))?;
     let detach_ignored: Option<bool> = parse_query_param(&request, "detach_ignored")?;
@@ -427,21 +516,33 @@ async fn tenant_detach_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>,
     json_response(StatusCode::OK, ())
 }
 
-async fn tenant_load_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn tenant_load_handler(
+    request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
     check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_id))?;
 
     let ctx = RequestContext::new(TaskKind::MgmtRequest, DownloadBehavior::Warn);
 
     let state = get_state(&request);
-    mgr::load_tenant(state.conf, tenant_id, state.remote_storage.clone(), &ctx)
-        .instrument(info_span!("load", tenant = %tenant_id))
-        .await?;
+    mgr::load_tenant(
+        state.conf,
+        tenant_id,
+        state.broker_client.clone(),
+        state.remote_storage.clone(),
+        &ctx,
+    )
+    .instrument(info_span!("load", tenant = %tenant_id))
+    .await?;
 
     json_response(StatusCode::ACCEPTED, ())
 }
 
-async fn tenant_ignore_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn tenant_ignore_handler(
+    request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
     check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_id))?;
 
@@ -454,7 +555,10 @@ async fn tenant_ignore_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>,
     json_response(StatusCode::OK, ())
 }
 
-async fn tenant_list_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn tenant_list_handler(
+    request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     check_permission(&request, None)?;
 
     let response_data = mgr::list_tenants()
@@ -467,14 +571,17 @@ async fn tenant_list_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, A
             id: *id,
             state: state.clone(),
             current_physical_size: None,
-            has_in_progress_downloads: Some(state.has_in_progress_downloads()),
+            attachment_status: state.attachment_status(),
         })
         .collect::<Vec<TenantInfo>>();
 
     json_response(StatusCode::OK, response_data)
 }
 
-async fn tenant_status(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn tenant_status(
+    request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
     check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_id))?;
 
@@ -488,16 +595,15 @@ async fn tenant_status(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiErro
         }
 
         let state = tenant.current_state();
-        Ok(TenantInfo {
+        Result::<_, ApiError>::Ok(TenantInfo {
             id: tenant_id,
             state: state.clone(),
             current_physical_size: Some(current_physical_size),
-            has_in_progress_downloads: Some(state.has_in_progress_downloads()),
+            attachment_status: state.attachment_status(),
         })
     }
     .instrument(info_span!("tenant_status_handler", tenant = %tenant_id))
-    .await
-    .map_err(ApiError::InternalServerError)?;
+    .await?;
 
     json_response(StatusCode::OK, tenant_info)
 }
@@ -515,7 +621,10 @@ async fn tenant_status(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiErro
 /// Note: we don't update the cached size and prometheus metric here.
 /// The retention period might be different, and it's nice to have a method to just calculate it
 /// without modifying anything anyway.
-async fn tenant_size_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn tenant_size_handler(
+    request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
     check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_id))?;
     let inputs_only: Option<bool> = parse_query_param(&request, "inputs_only")?;
@@ -527,7 +636,11 @@ async fn tenant_size_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, A
 
     // this can be long operation
     let inputs = tenant
-        .gather_size_inputs(retention_period, &ctx)
+        .gather_size_inputs(
+            retention_period,
+            LogicalSizeCalculationCause::TenantSizeHandler,
+            &ctx,
+        )
         .await
         .map_err(ApiError::InternalServerError)?;
 
@@ -576,7 +689,10 @@ async fn tenant_size_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, A
     )
 }
 
-async fn layer_map_info_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn layer_map_info_handler(
+    request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
     let timeline_id: TimelineId = parse_request_param(&request, "timeline_id")?;
     let reset: LayerAccessStatsReset =
@@ -590,7 +706,10 @@ async fn layer_map_info_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>
     json_response(StatusCode::OK, layer_map_info)
 }
 
-async fn layer_download_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn layer_download_handler(
+    request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
     check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_id))?;
     let timeline_id: TimelineId = parse_request_param(&request, "timeline_id")?;
@@ -613,7 +732,10 @@ async fn layer_download_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>
     }
 }
 
-async fn evict_timeline_layer_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn evict_timeline_layer_handler(
+    request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
     check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_id))?;
     let timeline_id: TimelineId = parse_request_param(&request, "timeline_id")?;
@@ -691,26 +813,31 @@ pub fn html_response(status: StatusCode, data: String) -> Result<Response<Body>,
     Ok(response)
 }
 
-async fn tenant_create_handler(mut request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn tenant_create_handler(
+    mut request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+    let request_data: TenantCreateRequest = json_request(&mut request).await?;
+    let target_tenant_id = request_data.new_tenant_id;
     check_permission(&request, None)?;
 
+    let _timer = STORAGE_TIME_GLOBAL
+        .get_metric_with_label_values(&[StorageTimeOperation::CreateTenant.into()])
+        .expect("bug")
+        .start_timer();
+
+    let tenant_conf =
+        TenantConfOpt::try_from(&request_data.config).map_err(ApiError::BadRequest)?;
+
     let ctx = RequestContext::new(TaskKind::MgmtRequest, DownloadBehavior::Warn);
 
-    let request_data: TenantCreateRequest = json_request(&mut request).await?;
-
-    let tenant_conf = TenantConfOpt::try_from(&request_data).map_err(ApiError::BadRequest)?;
-
-    let target_tenant_id = request_data
-        .new_tenant_id
-        .map(TenantId::from)
-        .unwrap_or_else(TenantId::generate);
-
     let state = get_state(&request);
 
     let new_tenant = mgr::create_tenant(
         state.conf,
         tenant_conf,
         target_tenant_id,
+        state.broker_client.clone(),
         state.remote_storage.clone(),
         &ctx,
     )
@@ -729,13 +856,17 @@ async fn tenant_create_handler(mut request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Bo
         res.context("created tenant failed to become active")
             .map_err(ApiError::InternalServerError)?;
     }
+
     json_response(
         StatusCode::CREATED,
         TenantCreateResponse(new_tenant.tenant_id()),
     )
 }
 
-async fn get_tenant_config_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn get_tenant_config_handler(
+    request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
     check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_id))?;
 
@@ -761,12 +892,14 @@ async fn get_tenant_config_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Bo
 
 async fn update_tenant_config_handler(
     mut request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
 ) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let request_data: TenantConfigRequest = json_request(&mut request).await?;
     let tenant_id = request_data.tenant_id;
     check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_id))?;
 
-    let tenant_conf = TenantConfOpt::try_from(&request_data).map_err(ApiError::BadRequest)?;
+    let tenant_conf =
+        TenantConfOpt::try_from(&request_data.config).map_err(ApiError::BadRequest)?;
 
     let state = get_state(&request);
     mgr::set_new_tenant_config(state.conf, tenant_conf, tenant_id)
@@ -777,21 +910,25 @@ async fn update_tenant_config_handler(
 }
 
 /// Testing helper to transition a tenant to [`crate::tenant::TenantState::Broken`].
-#[cfg(feature = "testing")]
-async fn handle_tenant_break(r: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn handle_tenant_break(
+    r: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&r, "tenant_id")?;
 
     let tenant = crate::tenant::mgr::get_tenant(tenant_id, true)
         .await
         .map_err(|_| ApiError::Conflict(String::from("no active tenant found")))?;
 
-    tenant.set_broken("broken from test".to_owned());
+    tenant.set_broken("broken from test".to_owned()).await;
 
     json_response(StatusCode::OK, ())
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "testing")]
-async fn failpoints_handler(mut request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn failpoints_handler(
+    mut request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     if !fail::has_failpoints() {
         return Err(ApiError::BadRequest(anyhow!(
             "Cannot manage failpoints because pageserver was compiled without failpoints support"
@@ -824,7 +961,10 @@ async fn failpoints_handler(mut request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>
 }
 
 // Run GC immediately on given timeline.
-async fn timeline_gc_handler(mut request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn timeline_gc_handler(
+    mut request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
     let timeline_id: TimelineId = parse_request_param(&request, "timeline_id")?;
     check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_id))?;
@@ -843,8 +983,10 @@ async fn timeline_gc_handler(mut request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body
 }
 
 // Run compaction immediately on given timeline.
-#[cfg(feature = "testing")]
-async fn timeline_compact_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn timeline_compact_handler(
+    request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
     let timeline_id: TimelineId = parse_request_param(&request, "timeline_id")?;
     check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_id))?;
@@ -865,8 +1007,10 @@ async fn timeline_compact_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Bod
 }
 
 // Run checkpoint immediately on given timeline.
-#[cfg(feature = "testing")]
-async fn timeline_checkpoint_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn timeline_checkpoint_handler(
+    request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
     let timeline_id: TimelineId = parse_request_param(&request, "timeline_id")?;
     check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_id))?;
@@ -890,6 +1034,7 @@ async fn timeline_checkpoint_handler(request: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<
 
 async fn timeline_download_remote_layers_handler_post(
     mut request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
 ) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
     let timeline_id: TimelineId = parse_request_param(&request, "timeline_id")?;
@@ -905,6 +1050,7 @@ async fn timeline_download_remote_layers_handler_post(
 
 async fn timeline_download_remote_layers_handler_get(
     request: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
 ) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     let tenant_id: TenantId = parse_request_param(&request, "tenant_id")?;
     check_permission(&request, Some(tenant_id))?;
@@ -928,7 +1074,10 @@ async fn active_timeline_of_active_tenant(
         .map_err(ApiError::NotFound)
 }
 
-async fn always_panic_handler(req: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn always_panic_handler(
+    req: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     // Deliberately cause a panic to exercise the panic hook registered via std::panic::set_hook().
     // For pageserver, the relevant panic hook is `tracing_panic_hook` , and the `sentry` crate's wrapper around it.
     // Use catch_unwind to ensure that tokio nor hyper are distracted by our panic.
@@ -939,7 +1088,10 @@ async fn always_panic_handler(req: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiE
     json_response(StatusCode::NO_CONTENT, ())
 }
 
-async fn disk_usage_eviction_run(mut r: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn disk_usage_eviction_run(
+    mut r: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     check_permission(&r, None)?;
 
     #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
@@ -1029,8 +1181,10 @@ async fn handler_404(_: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     )
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "testing")]
-async fn post_tracing_event_handler(mut r: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
+async fn post_tracing_event_handler(
+    mut r: Request<Body>,
+    _cancel: CancellationToken,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
     #[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize)]
     #[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
     enum Level {
@@ -1060,10 +1214,90 @@ async fn post_tracing_event_handler(mut r: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Bod
     json_response(StatusCode::OK, ())
 }
 
+/// Common functionality of all the HTTP API handlers.
+///
+/// - Adds a tracing span to each request (by `request_span`)
+/// - Logs the request depending on the request method (by `request_span`)
+/// - Logs the response if it was not successful (by `request_span`
+/// - Shields the handler function from async cancellations. Hyper can drop the handler
+///   Future if the connection to the client is lost, but most of the pageserver code is
+///   not async cancellation safe. This converts the dropped future into a graceful cancellation
+///   request with a CancellationToken.
+async fn api_handler<R, H>(request: Request<Body>, handler: H) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError>
+where
+    R: std::future::Future<Output = Result<Response<Body>, ApiError>> + Send + 'static,
+    H: FnOnce(Request<Body>, CancellationToken) -> R + Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    // Spawn a new task to handle the request, to protect the handler from unexpected
+    // async cancellations. Most pageserver functions are not async cancellation safe.
+    // We arm a drop-guard, so that if Hyper drops the Future, we signal the task
+    // with the cancellation token.
+    let token = CancellationToken::new();
+    let cancel_guard = token.clone().drop_guard();
+    let result = request_span(request, move |r| async {
+        let handle = tokio::spawn(
+            async {
+                let token_cloned = token.clone();
+                let result = handler(r, token).await;
+                if token_cloned.is_cancelled() {
+                    info!("Cancelled request finished");
+                }
+                result
+            }
+            .in_current_span(),
+        );
+
+        match handle.await {
+            Ok(result) => result,
+            Err(e) => {
+                // The handler task panicked. We have a global panic handler that logs the
+                // panic with its backtrace, so no need to log that here. Only log a brief
+                // message to make it clear that we returned the error to the client.
+                error!("HTTP request handler task panicked: {e:#}");
+
+                // Don't return an Error here, because then fallback error handler that was
+                // installed in make_router() will print the error. Instead, construct the
+                // HTTP error response and return that.
+                Ok(
+                    ApiError::InternalServerError(anyhow!("HTTP request handler task panicked"))
+                        .into_response(),
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    })
+    .await;
+
+    cancel_guard.disarm();
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Like api_handler, but returns an error response if the server is built without
+/// the 'testing' feature.
+async fn testing_api_handler<R, H>(
+    desc: &str,
+    request: Request<Body>,
+    handler: H,
+) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError>
+where
+    R: std::future::Future<Output = Result<Response<Body>, ApiError>> + Send + 'static,
+    H: FnOnce(Request<Body>, CancellationToken) -> R + Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    if cfg!(feature = "testing") {
+        api_handler(request, handler).await
+    } else {
+        std::future::ready(Err(ApiError::BadRequest(anyhow!(
+            "Cannot {desc} because pageserver was compiled without testing APIs",
+        ))))
+        .await
+    }
+}
+
 pub fn make_router(
     conf: &'static PageServerConf,
     launch_ts: &'static LaunchTimestamp,
     auth: Option<Arc<JwtAuth>>,
+    broker_client: BrokerClientChannel,
     remote_storage: Option<GenericRemoteStorage>,
     disk_usage_eviction_state: Arc<disk_usage_eviction_task::State>,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<RouterBuilder<hyper::Body, ApiError>> {
@@ -1088,121 +1322,99 @@ pub fn make_router(
         .expect("construct launch timestamp header middleware"),
     );
 
-    macro_rules! testing_api {
-        ($handler_desc:literal, $handler:path $(,)?) => {{
-            #[cfg(not(feature = "testing"))]
-            async fn cfg_disabled(_req: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, ApiError> {
-                Err(ApiError::BadRequest(anyhow!(concat!(
-                    "Cannot ",
-                    $handler_desc,
-                    " because pageserver was compiled without testing APIs",
-                ))))
-            }
-
-            #[cfg(feature = "testing")]
-            let handler = $handler;
-            #[cfg(not(feature = "testing"))]
-            let handler = cfg_disabled;
-
-            move |r| RequestSpan(handler).handle(r)
-        }};
-    }
-
     Ok(router
         .data(Arc::new(
-            State::new(conf, auth, remote_storage, disk_usage_eviction_state)
-                .context("Failed to initialize router state")?,
+            State::new(
+                conf,
+                auth,
+                remote_storage,
+                broker_client,
+                disk_usage_eviction_state,
+            )
+            .context("Failed to initialize router state")?,
         ))
-        .get("/v1/status", |r| RequestSpan(status_handler).handle(r))
-        .put(
-            "/v1/failpoints",
-            testing_api!("manage failpoints", failpoints_handler),
-        )
-        .get("/v1/tenant", |r| RequestSpan(tenant_list_handler).handle(r))
-        .post("/v1/tenant", |r| {
-            RequestSpan(tenant_create_handler).handle(r)
-        })
-        .get("/v1/tenant/:tenant_id", |r| {
-            RequestSpan(tenant_status).handle(r)
+        .get("/v1/status", |r| api_handler(r, status_handler))
+        .put("/v1/failpoints", |r| {
+            testing_api_handler("manage failpoints", r, failpoints_handler)
         })
+        .get("/v1/tenant", |r| api_handler(r, tenant_list_handler))
+        .post("/v1/tenant", |r| api_handler(r, tenant_create_handler))
+        .get("/v1/tenant/:tenant_id", |r| api_handler(r, tenant_status))
         .get("/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/synthetic_size", |r| {
-            RequestSpan(tenant_size_handler).handle(r)
+            api_handler(r, tenant_size_handler)
         })
         .put("/v1/tenant/config", |r| {
-            RequestSpan(update_tenant_config_handler).handle(r)
+            api_handler(r, update_tenant_config_handler)
         })
         .get("/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/config", |r| {
-            RequestSpan(get_tenant_config_handler).handle(r)
+            api_handler(r, get_tenant_config_handler)
         })
         .get("/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline", |r| {
-            RequestSpan(timeline_list_handler).handle(r)
+            api_handler(r, timeline_list_handler)
         })
         .post("/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline", |r| {
-            RequestSpan(timeline_create_handler).handle(r)
+            api_handler(r, timeline_create_handler)
         })
         .post("/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/attach", |r| {
-            RequestSpan(tenant_attach_handler).handle(r)
+            api_handler(r, tenant_attach_handler)
         })
         .post("/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/detach", |r| {
-            RequestSpan(tenant_detach_handler).handle(r)
+            api_handler(r, tenant_detach_handler)
         })
         .post("/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/load", |r| {
-            RequestSpan(tenant_load_handler).handle(r)
+            api_handler(r, tenant_load_handler)
         })
         .post("/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/ignore", |r| {
-            RequestSpan(tenant_ignore_handler).handle(r)
+            api_handler(r, tenant_ignore_handler)
         })
         .get("/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline/:timeline_id", |r| {
-            RequestSpan(timeline_detail_handler).handle(r)
+            api_handler(r, timeline_detail_handler)
         })
         .get(
             "/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline/:timeline_id/get_lsn_by_timestamp",
-            |r| RequestSpan(get_lsn_by_timestamp_handler).handle(r),
+            |r| api_handler(r, get_lsn_by_timestamp_handler),
         )
         .put("/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline/:timeline_id/do_gc", |r| {
-            RequestSpan(timeline_gc_handler).handle(r)
+            api_handler(r, timeline_gc_handler)
+        })
+        .put("/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline/:timeline_id/compact", |r| {
+            testing_api_handler("run timeline compaction", r, timeline_compact_handler)
         })
-        .put(
-            "/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline/:timeline_id/compact",
-            testing_api!("run timeline compaction", timeline_compact_handler),
-        )
         .put(
             "/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline/:timeline_id/checkpoint",
-            testing_api!("run timeline checkpoint", timeline_checkpoint_handler),
+            |r| testing_api_handler("run timeline checkpoint", r, timeline_checkpoint_handler),
         )
         .post(
             "/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline/:timeline_id/download_remote_layers",
-            |r| RequestSpan(timeline_download_remote_layers_handler_post).handle(r),
+            |r| api_handler(r, timeline_download_remote_layers_handler_post),
         )
         .get(
             "/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline/:timeline_id/download_remote_layers",
-            |r| RequestSpan(timeline_download_remote_layers_handler_get).handle(r),
+            |r| api_handler(r, timeline_download_remote_layers_handler_get),
         )
         .delete("/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline/:timeline_id", |r| {
-            RequestSpan(timeline_delete_handler).handle(r)
+            api_handler(r, timeline_delete_handler)
         })
         .get("/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline/:timeline_id/layer", |r| {
-            RequestSpan(layer_map_info_handler).handle(r)
+            api_handler(r, layer_map_info_handler)
         })
         .get(
             "/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline/:timeline_id/layer/:layer_file_name",
-            |r| RequestSpan(layer_download_handler).handle(r),
+            |r| api_handler(r, layer_download_handler),
         )
         .delete(
             "/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline/:timeline_id/layer/:layer_file_name",
-            |r| RequestSpan(evict_timeline_layer_handler).handle(r),
+            |r| api_handler(r, evict_timeline_layer_handler),
         )
         .put("/v1/disk_usage_eviction/run", |r| {
-            RequestSpan(disk_usage_eviction_run).handle(r)
+            api_handler(r, disk_usage_eviction_run)
+        })
+        .put("/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/break", |r| {
+            testing_api_handler("set tenant state to broken", r, handle_tenant_break)
+        })
+        .get("/v1/panic", |r| api_handler(r, always_panic_handler))
+        .post("/v1/tracing/event", |r| {
+            testing_api_handler("emit a tracing event", r, post_tracing_event_handler)
         })
-        .put(
-            "/v1/tenant/:tenant_id/break",
-            testing_api!("set tenant state to broken", handle_tenant_break),
-        )
-        .get("/v1/panic", |r| RequestSpan(always_panic_handler).handle(r))
-        .post(
-            "/v1/tracing/event",
-            testing_api!("emit a tracing event", post_tracing_event_handler),
-        )
         .any(handler_404))
 }

pageserver/src/keyspace.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use std::ops::Range;
 ///
 /// Represents a set of Keys, in a compact form.
 ///
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
 pub struct KeySpace {
     /// Contiguous ranges of keys that belong to the key space. In key order,
     /// and with no overlap.
@@ -61,6 +61,18 @@ impl KeySpace {
 
         KeyPartitioning { parts }
     }
+
+    ///
+    /// Check if key space contains overlapping range
+    ///
+    pub fn overlaps(&self, range: &Range<Key>) -> bool {
+        match self.ranges.binary_search_by_key(&range.end, |r| r.start) {
+            Ok(0) => false,
+            Err(0) => false,
+            Ok(index) => self.ranges[index - 1].end > range.start,
+            Err(index) => self.ranges[index - 1].end > range.start,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 ///
@@ -129,3 +141,226 @@ impl KeySpaceAccum {
         }
     }
 }
+
+///
+/// A helper object, to collect a set of keys and key ranges into a KeySpace
+/// object. Key ranges may be inserted in any order and can overlap.
+///
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct KeySpaceRandomAccum {
+    ranges: Vec<Range<Key>>,
+}
+
+impl KeySpaceRandomAccum {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self { ranges: Vec::new() }
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_key(&mut self, key: Key) {
+        self.add_range(singleton_range(key))
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_range(&mut self, range: Range<Key>) {
+        self.ranges.push(range);
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_keyspace(mut self) -> KeySpace {
+        let mut ranges = Vec::new();
+        if !self.ranges.is_empty() {
+            self.ranges.sort_by_key(|r| r.start);
+            let mut start = self.ranges.first().unwrap().start;
+            let mut end = self.ranges.first().unwrap().end;
+            for r in self.ranges {
+                assert!(r.start >= start);
+                if r.start > end {
+                    ranges.push(start..end);
+                    start = r.start;
+                    end = r.end;
+                } else if r.end > end {
+                    end = r.end;
+                }
+            }
+            ranges.push(start..end);
+        }
+        KeySpace { ranges }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::fmt::Write;
+
+    // Helper function to create a key range.
+    //
+    // Make the tests below less verbose.
+    fn kr(irange: Range<i128>) -> Range<Key> {
+        Key::from_i128(irange.start)..Key::from_i128(irange.end)
+    }
+
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    fn dump_keyspace(ks: &KeySpace) {
+        for r in ks.ranges.iter() {
+            println!("  {}..{}", r.start.to_i128(), r.end.to_i128());
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn assert_ks_eq(actual: &KeySpace, expected: Vec<Range<Key>>) {
+        if actual.ranges != expected {
+            let mut msg = String::new();
+
+            writeln!(msg, "expected:").unwrap();
+            for r in &expected {
+                writeln!(msg, "  {}..{}", r.start.to_i128(), r.end.to_i128()).unwrap();
+            }
+            writeln!(msg, "got:").unwrap();
+            for r in &actual.ranges {
+                writeln!(msg, "  {}..{}", r.start.to_i128(), r.end.to_i128()).unwrap();
+            }
+            panic!("{}", msg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn keyspace_add_range() {
+        // two separate ranges
+        //
+        // #####
+        //         #####
+        let mut ks = KeySpaceRandomAccum::default();
+        ks.add_range(kr(0..10));
+        ks.add_range(kr(20..30));
+        assert_ks_eq(&ks.to_keyspace(), vec![kr(0..10), kr(20..30)]);
+
+        // two separate ranges, added in reverse order
+        //
+        //         #####
+        // #####
+        let mut ks = KeySpaceRandomAccum::default();
+        ks.add_range(kr(20..30));
+        ks.add_range(kr(0..10));
+
+        // add range that is adjacent to the end of an existing range
+        //
+        // #####
+        //      #####
+        ks.add_range(kr(0..10));
+        ks.add_range(kr(10..30));
+        assert_ks_eq(&ks.to_keyspace(), vec![kr(0..30)]);
+
+        // add range that is adjacent to the start of an existing range
+        //
+        //      #####
+        // #####
+        let mut ks = KeySpaceRandomAccum::default();
+        ks.add_range(kr(10..30));
+        ks.add_range(kr(0..10));
+        assert_ks_eq(&ks.to_keyspace(), vec![kr(0..30)]);
+
+        // add range that overlaps with the end of an existing range
+        //
+        // #####
+        //    #####
+        let mut ks = KeySpaceRandomAccum::default();
+        ks.add_range(kr(0..10));
+        ks.add_range(kr(5..30));
+        assert_ks_eq(&ks.to_keyspace(), vec![kr(0..30)]);
+
+        // add range that overlaps with the start of an existing range
+        //
+        //    #####
+        // #####
+        let mut ks = KeySpaceRandomAccum::default();
+        ks.add_range(kr(5..30));
+        ks.add_range(kr(0..10));
+        assert_ks_eq(&ks.to_keyspace(), vec![kr(0..30)]);
+
+        // add range that is fully covered by an existing range
+        //
+        // #########
+        //   #####
+        let mut ks = KeySpaceRandomAccum::default();
+        ks.add_range(kr(0..30));
+        ks.add_range(kr(10..20));
+        assert_ks_eq(&ks.to_keyspace(), vec![kr(0..30)]);
+
+        // add range that extends an existing range from both ends
+        //
+        //   #####
+        // #########
+        let mut ks = KeySpaceRandomAccum::default();
+        ks.add_range(kr(10..20));
+        ks.add_range(kr(0..30));
+        assert_ks_eq(&ks.to_keyspace(), vec![kr(0..30)]);
+
+        // add a range that overlaps with two existing ranges, joining them
+        //
+        // #####   #####
+        //    #######
+        let mut ks = KeySpaceRandomAccum::default();
+        ks.add_range(kr(0..10));
+        ks.add_range(kr(20..30));
+        ks.add_range(kr(5..25));
+        assert_ks_eq(&ks.to_keyspace(), vec![kr(0..30)]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn keyspace_overlaps() {
+        let mut ks = KeySpaceRandomAccum::default();
+        ks.add_range(kr(10..20));
+        ks.add_range(kr(30..40));
+        let ks = ks.to_keyspace();
+
+        //        #####      #####
+        // xxxx
+        assert!(!ks.overlaps(&kr(0..5)));
+
+        //        #####      #####
+        //   xxxx
+        assert!(!ks.overlaps(&kr(5..9)));
+
+        //        #####      #####
+        //    xxxx
+        assert!(!ks.overlaps(&kr(5..10)));
+
+        //        #####      #####
+        //     xxxx
+        assert!(ks.overlaps(&kr(5..11)));
+
+        //        #####      #####
+        //        xxxx
+        assert!(ks.overlaps(&kr(10..15)));
+
+        //        #####      #####
+        //         xxxx
+        assert!(ks.overlaps(&kr(15..20)));
+
+        //        #####      #####
+        //           xxxx
+        assert!(ks.overlaps(&kr(15..25)));
+
+        //        #####      #####
+        //              xxxx
+        assert!(!ks.overlaps(&kr(22..28)));
+
+        //        #####      #####
+        //               xxxx
+        assert!(!ks.overlaps(&kr(25..30)));
+
+        //        #####      #####
+        //                      xxxx
+        assert!(ks.overlaps(&kr(35..35)));
+
+        //        #####      #####
+        //                        xxxx
+        assert!(!ks.overlaps(&kr(40..45)));
+
+        //        #####      #####
+        //                        xxxx
+        assert!(!ks.overlaps(&kr(45..50)));
+
+        //        #####      #####
+        //        xxxxxxxxxxx
+        assert!(ks.overlaps(&kr(0..30))); // XXXXX This fails currently!
+    }
+}

pageserver/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 mod auth;
 pub mod basebackup;
-pub mod broker_client;
 pub mod config;
 pub mod consumption_metrics;
 pub mod context;
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ use tracing::info;
 /// backwards-compatible changes to the metadata format.
 pub const STORAGE_FORMAT_VERSION: u16 = 3;
 
-pub const DEFAULT_PG_VERSION: u32 = 14;
+pub const DEFAULT_PG_VERSION: u32 = 15;
 
 // Magic constants used to identify different kinds of files
 pub const IMAGE_FILE_MAGIC: u16 = 0x5A60;
@@ -46,6 +45,7 @@ static ZERO_PAGE: bytes::Bytes = bytes::Bytes::from_static(&[0u8; 8192]);
 
 pub use crate::metrics::preinitialize_metrics;
 
+#[tracing::instrument]
 pub async fn shutdown_pageserver(exit_code: i32) {
     // Shut down the libpq endpoint task. This prevents new connections from
     // being accepted.
@@ -58,12 +58,6 @@ pub async fn shutdown_pageserver(exit_code: i32) {
     // the checkpoint and GC tasks.
     tenant::mgr::shutdown_all_tenants().await;
 
-    // Stop syncing with remote storage.
-    //
-    // FIXME: Does this wait for the sync tasks to finish syncing what's queued up?
-    // Should it?
-    task_mgr::shutdown_tasks(Some(TaskKind::RemoteUploadTask), None, None).await;
-
     // Shut down the HTTP endpoint last, so that you can still check the server's
     // status while it's shutting down.
     // FIXME: We should probably stop accepting commands like attach/detach earlier.
@@ -138,6 +132,29 @@ pub fn is_uninit_mark(path: &Path) -> bool {
     }
 }
 
+/// During pageserver startup, we need to order operations not to exhaust tokio worker threads by
+/// blocking.
+///
+/// The instances of this value exist only during startup, otherwise `None` is provided, meaning no
+/// delaying is needed.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct InitializationOrder {
+    /// Each initial tenant load task carries this until completion.
+    pub initial_tenant_load: Option<utils::completion::Completion>,
+
+    /// Barrier for when we can start initial logical size calculations.
+    pub initial_logical_size_can_start: utils::completion::Barrier,
+
+    /// Each timeline owns a clone of this to be consumed on the initial logical size calculation
+    /// attempt. It is important to drop this once the attempt has completed.
+    pub initial_logical_size_attempt: utils::completion::Completion,
+
+    /// Barrier for when we can start any background jobs.
+    ///
+    /// This can be broken up later on, but right now there is just one class of a background job.
+    pub background_jobs_can_start: utils::completion::Barrier,
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod backoff_defaults_tests {
     use super::*;

pageserver/src/metrics.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use metrics::{
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use pageserver_api::models::TenantState;
 use strum::VariantNames;
+use strum_macros::{EnumVariantNames, IntoStaticStr};
 use utils::id::{TenantId, TimelineId};
 
 /// Prometheus histogram buckets (in seconds) for operations in the critical
@@ -24,15 +25,33 @@ const CRITICAL_OP_BUCKETS: &[f64] = &[
 ];
 
 // Metrics collected on operations on the storage repository.
-const STORAGE_TIME_OPERATIONS: &[&str] = &[
-    "layer flush",
-    "compact",
-    "create images",
-    "init logical size",
-    "logical size",
-    "load layer map",
-    "gc",
-];
+#[derive(Debug, EnumVariantNames, IntoStaticStr)]
+#[strum(serialize_all = "kebab_case")]
+pub enum StorageTimeOperation {
+    #[strum(serialize = "layer flush")]
+    LayerFlush,
+
+    #[strum(serialize = "compact")]
+    Compact,
+
+    #[strum(serialize = "create images")]
+    CreateImages,
+
+    #[strum(serialize = "logical size")]
+    LogicalSize,
+
+    #[strum(serialize = "imitate logical size")]
+    ImitateLogicalSize,
+
+    #[strum(serialize = "load layer map")]
+    LoadLayerMap,
+
+    #[strum(serialize = "gc")]
+    Gc,
+
+    #[strum(serialize = "create tenant")]
+    CreateTenant,
+}
 
 pub static STORAGE_TIME_SUM_PER_TIMELINE: Lazy<CounterVec> = Lazy::new(|| {
     register_counter_vec!(
@@ -65,6 +84,16 @@ pub static STORAGE_TIME_GLOBAL: Lazy<HistogramVec> = Lazy::new(|| {
     .expect("failed to define a metric")
 });
 
+static READ_NUM_FS_LAYERS: Lazy<HistogramVec> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    register_histogram_vec!(
+        "pageserver_read_num_fs_layers",
+        "Number of persistent layers accessed for processing a read request, including those in the cache",
+        &["tenant_id", "timeline_id"],
+        vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 10.0, 20.0, 50.0, 100.0],
+    )
+    .expect("failed to define a metric")
+});
+
 // Metrics collected on operations on the storage repository.
 static RECONSTRUCT_TIME: Lazy<HistogramVec> = Lazy::new(|| {
     register_histogram_vec!(
@@ -76,6 +105,25 @@ static RECONSTRUCT_TIME: Lazy<HistogramVec> = Lazy::new(|| {
     .expect("failed to define a metric")
 });
 
+static MATERIALIZED_PAGE_CACHE_HIT_DIRECT: Lazy<IntCounterVec> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    register_int_counter_vec!(
+        "pageserver_materialized_cache_hits_direct_total",
+        "Number of cache hits from materialized page cache without redo",
+        &["tenant_id", "timeline_id"]
+    )
+    .expect("failed to define a metric")
+});
+
+static GET_RECONSTRUCT_DATA_TIME: Lazy<HistogramVec> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    register_histogram_vec!(
+        "pageserver_getpage_get_reconstruct_data_seconds",
+        "Time spent in get_reconstruct_value_data",
+        &["tenant_id", "timeline_id"],
+        CRITICAL_OP_BUCKETS.into(),
+    )
+    .expect("failed to define a metric")
+});
+
 static MATERIALIZED_PAGE_CACHE_HIT: Lazy<IntCounterVec> = Lazy::new(|| {
     register_int_counter_vec!(
         "pageserver_materialized_cache_hits_total",
@@ -186,6 +234,16 @@ static PERSISTENT_BYTES_WRITTEN: Lazy<IntCounterVec> = Lazy::new(|| {
     .expect("failed to define a metric")
 });
 
+pub(crate) static EVICTION_ITERATION_DURATION: Lazy<HistogramVec> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    register_histogram_vec!(
+        "pageserver_eviction_iteration_duration_seconds_global",
+        "Time spent on a single eviction iteration",
+        &["period_secs", "threshold_secs"],
+        STORAGE_OP_BUCKETS.into(),
+    )
+    .expect("failed to define a metric")
+});
+
 static EVICTIONS: Lazy<IntCounterVec> = Lazy::new(|| {
     register_int_counter_vec!(
         "pageserver_evictions",
@@ -325,6 +383,7 @@ const STORAGE_IO_TIME_BUCKETS: &[f64] = &[
     0.001000, // 1000 usec
     0.030,    // 30 ms
     1.000,    // 1000 ms
+    30.000,   // 30000 ms
 ];
 
 const STORAGE_IO_TIME_OPERATIONS: &[&str] = &[
@@ -478,6 +537,15 @@ pub static TENANT_TASK_EVENTS: Lazy<IntCounterVec> = Lazy::new(|| {
     .expect("Failed to register tenant_task_events metric")
 });
 
+pub static BACKGROUND_LOOP_PERIOD_OVERRUN_COUNT: Lazy<IntCounterVec> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    register_int_counter_vec!(
+        "pageserver_background_loop_period_overrun_count",
+        "Incremented whenever warn_when_period_overrun() logs a warning.",
+        &["task", "period"],
+    )
+    .expect("failed to define a metric")
+});
+
 // walreceiver metrics
 
 pub static WALRECEIVER_STARTED_CONNECTIONS: Lazy<IntCounter> = Lazy::new(|| {
@@ -584,7 +652,7 @@ pub static WAL_REDO_TIME: Lazy<Histogram> = Lazy::new(|| {
 pub static WAL_REDO_WAIT_TIME: Lazy<Histogram> = Lazy::new(|| {
     register_histogram!(
         "pageserver_wal_redo_wait_seconds",
-        "Time spent waiting for access to the WAL redo process",
+        "Time spent waiting for access to the Postgres WAL redo process",
         redo_histogram_time_buckets!(),
     )
     .expect("failed to define a metric")
@@ -593,7 +661,7 @@ pub static WAL_REDO_WAIT_TIME: Lazy<Histogram> = Lazy::new(|| {
 pub static WAL_REDO_RECORDS_HISTOGRAM: Lazy<Histogram> = Lazy::new(|| {
     register_histogram!(
         "pageserver_wal_redo_records_histogram",
-        "Histogram of number of records replayed per redo",
+        "Histogram of number of records replayed per redo in the Postgres WAL redo process",
         redo_histogram_count_buckets!(),
     )
     .expect("failed to define a metric")
@@ -602,7 +670,7 @@ pub static WAL_REDO_RECORDS_HISTOGRAM: Lazy<Histogram> = Lazy::new(|| {
 pub static WAL_REDO_BYTES_HISTOGRAM: Lazy<Histogram> = Lazy::new(|| {
     register_histogram!(
         "pageserver_wal_redo_bytes_histogram",
-        "Histogram of number of records replayed per redo",
+        "Histogram of number of records replayed per redo sent to Postgres",
         redo_bytes_histogram_count_buckets!(),
     )
     .expect("failed to define a metric")
@@ -652,7 +720,9 @@ pub struct StorageTimeMetrics {
 }
 
 impl StorageTimeMetrics {
-    pub fn new(operation: &str, tenant_id: &str, timeline_id: &str) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(operation: StorageTimeOperation, tenant_id: &str, timeline_id: &str) -> Self {
+        let operation: &'static str = operation.into();
+
         let timeline_sum = STORAGE_TIME_SUM_PER_TIMELINE
             .get_metric_with_label_values(&[operation, tenant_id, timeline_id])
             .unwrap();
@@ -683,16 +753,20 @@ pub struct TimelineMetrics {
     tenant_id: String,
     timeline_id: String,
     pub reconstruct_time_histo: Histogram,
+    pub get_reconstruct_data_time_histo: Histogram,
     pub materialized_page_cache_hit_counter: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
+    pub materialized_page_cache_hit_upon_request_counter: GenericCounter<AtomicU64>,
     pub flush_time_histo: StorageTimeMetrics,
     pub compact_time_histo: StorageTimeMetrics,
     pub create_images_time_histo: StorageTimeMetrics,
     pub logical_size_histo: StorageTimeMetrics,
+    pub imitate_logical_size_histo: StorageTimeMetrics,
     pub load_layer_map_histo: StorageTimeMetrics,
     pub garbage_collect_histo: StorageTimeMetrics,
     pub last_record_gauge: IntGauge,
     pub wait_lsn_time_histo: Histogram,
     pub resident_physical_size_gauge: UIntGauge,
+    pub read_num_fs_layers: Histogram,
     /// copy of LayeredTimeline.current_logical_size
     pub current_logical_size_gauge: UIntGauge,
     pub num_persistent_files_created: IntCounter,
@@ -712,17 +786,29 @@ impl TimelineMetrics {
         let reconstruct_time_histo = RECONSTRUCT_TIME
             .get_metric_with_label_values(&[&tenant_id, &timeline_id])
             .unwrap();
+        let get_reconstruct_data_time_histo = GET_RECONSTRUCT_DATA_TIME
+            .get_metric_with_label_values(&[&tenant_id, &timeline_id])
+            .unwrap();
         let materialized_page_cache_hit_counter = MATERIALIZED_PAGE_CACHE_HIT
             .get_metric_with_label_values(&[&tenant_id, &timeline_id])
             .unwrap();
-        let flush_time_histo = StorageTimeMetrics::new("layer flush", &tenant_id, &timeline_id);
-        let compact_time_histo = StorageTimeMetrics::new("compact", &tenant_id, &timeline_id);
+        let flush_time_histo =
+            StorageTimeMetrics::new(StorageTimeOperation::LayerFlush, &tenant_id, &timeline_id);
+        let compact_time_histo =
+            StorageTimeMetrics::new(StorageTimeOperation::Compact, &tenant_id, &timeline_id);
         let create_images_time_histo =
-            StorageTimeMetrics::new("create images", &tenant_id, &timeline_id);
-        let logical_size_histo = StorageTimeMetrics::new("logical size", &tenant_id, &timeline_id);
+            StorageTimeMetrics::new(StorageTimeOperation::CreateImages, &tenant_id, &timeline_id);
+        let logical_size_histo =
+            StorageTimeMetrics::new(StorageTimeOperation::LogicalSize, &tenant_id, &timeline_id);
+        let imitate_logical_size_histo = StorageTimeMetrics::new(
+            StorageTimeOperation::ImitateLogicalSize,
+            &tenant_id,
+            &timeline_id,
+        );
         let load_layer_map_histo =
-            StorageTimeMetrics::new("load layer map", &tenant_id, &timeline_id);
-        let garbage_collect_histo = StorageTimeMetrics::new("gc", &tenant_id, &timeline_id);
+            StorageTimeMetrics::new(StorageTimeOperation::LoadLayerMap, &tenant_id, &timeline_id);
+        let garbage_collect_histo =
+            StorageTimeMetrics::new(StorageTimeOperation::Gc, &tenant_id, &timeline_id);
         let last_record_gauge = LAST_RECORD_LSN
             .get_metric_with_label_values(&[&tenant_id, &timeline_id])
             .unwrap();
@@ -744,6 +830,12 @@ impl TimelineMetrics {
         let evictions = EVICTIONS
             .get_metric_with_label_values(&[&tenant_id, &timeline_id])
             .unwrap();
+        let read_num_fs_layers = READ_NUM_FS_LAYERS
+            .get_metric_with_label_values(&[&tenant_id, &timeline_id])
+            .unwrap();
+        let materialized_page_cache_hit_upon_request_counter = MATERIALIZED_PAGE_CACHE_HIT_DIRECT
+            .get_metric_with_label_values(&[&tenant_id, &timeline_id])
+            .unwrap();
         let evictions_with_low_residence_duration =
             evictions_with_low_residence_duration_builder.build(&tenant_id, &timeline_id);
 
@@ -751,11 +843,14 @@ impl TimelineMetrics {
             tenant_id,
             timeline_id,
             reconstruct_time_histo,
+            get_reconstruct_data_time_histo,
             materialized_page_cache_hit_counter,
+            materialized_page_cache_hit_upon_request_counter,
             flush_time_histo,
             compact_time_histo,
             create_images_time_histo,
             logical_size_histo,
+            imitate_logical_size_histo,
             garbage_collect_histo,
             load_layer_map_histo,
             last_record_gauge,
@@ -768,6 +863,7 @@ impl TimelineMetrics {
             evictions_with_low_residence_duration: std::sync::RwLock::new(
                 evictions_with_low_residence_duration,
             ),
+            read_num_fs_layers,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -777,7 +873,9 @@ impl Drop for TimelineMetrics {
         let tenant_id = &self.tenant_id;
         let timeline_id = &self.timeline_id;
         let _ = RECONSTRUCT_TIME.remove_label_values(&[tenant_id, timeline_id]);
+        let _ = GET_RECONSTRUCT_DATA_TIME.remove_label_values(&[tenant_id, timeline_id]);
         let _ = MATERIALIZED_PAGE_CACHE_HIT.remove_label_values(&[tenant_id, timeline_id]);
+        let _ = MATERIALIZED_PAGE_CACHE_HIT_DIRECT.remove_label_values(&[tenant_id, timeline_id]);
         let _ = LAST_RECORD_LSN.remove_label_values(&[tenant_id, timeline_id]);
         let _ = WAIT_LSN_TIME.remove_label_values(&[tenant_id, timeline_id]);
         let _ = RESIDENT_PHYSICAL_SIZE.remove_label_values(&[tenant_id, timeline_id]);
@@ -785,11 +883,13 @@ impl Drop for TimelineMetrics {
         let _ = NUM_PERSISTENT_FILES_CREATED.remove_label_values(&[tenant_id, timeline_id]);
         let _ = PERSISTENT_BYTES_WRITTEN.remove_label_values(&[tenant_id, timeline_id]);
         let _ = EVICTIONS.remove_label_values(&[tenant_id, timeline_id]);
+        let _ = READ_NUM_FS_LAYERS.remove_label_values(&[tenant_id, timeline_id]);
+
         self.evictions_with_low_residence_duration
             .write()
             .unwrap()
             .remove(tenant_id, timeline_id);
-        for op in STORAGE_TIME_OPERATIONS {
+        for op in StorageTimeOperation::VARIANTS {
             let _ =
                 STORAGE_TIME_SUM_PER_TIMELINE.remove_label_values(&[op, tenant_id, timeline_id]);
             let _ =
@@ -1216,4 +1316,7 @@ pub fn preinitialize_metrics() {
     // Initialize it eagerly, so that our alert rule can distinguish absence of the metric from metric value 0.
     assert_eq!(UNEXPECTED_ONDEMAND_DOWNLOADS.get(), 0);
     UNEXPECTED_ONDEMAND_DOWNLOADS.reset();
+
+    // Same as above for this metric, but, it's a Vec-type metric for which we don't know all the labels.
+    BACKGROUND_LOOP_PERIOD_OVERRUN_COUNT.reset();
 }

pageserver/src/page_service.rs

@@ -50,7 +50,9 @@ use crate::import_datadir::import_wal_from_tar;
 use crate::metrics::{LIVE_CONNECTIONS_COUNT, SMGR_QUERY_TIME};
 use crate::task_mgr;
 use crate::task_mgr::TaskKind;
+use crate::tenant;
 use crate::tenant::mgr;
+use crate::tenant::mgr::GetTenantError;
 use crate::tenant::{Tenant, Timeline};
 use crate::trace::Tracer;
 
@@ -172,6 +174,7 @@ async fn read_tar_eof(mut reader: (impl AsyncRead + Unpin)) -> anyhow::Result<()
 ///
 pub async fn libpq_listener_main(
     conf: &'static PageServerConf,
+    broker_client: storage_broker::BrokerClientChannel,
     auth: Option<Arc<JwtAuth>>,
     listener: TcpListener,
     auth_type: AuthType,
@@ -213,7 +216,14 @@ pub async fn libpq_listener_main(
                     None,
                     "serving compute connection task",
                     false,
-                    page_service_conn_main(conf, local_auth, socket, auth_type, connection_ctx),
+                    page_service_conn_main(
+                        conf,
+                        broker_client.clone(),
+                        local_auth,
+                        socket,
+                        auth_type,
+                        connection_ctx,
+                    ),
                 );
             }
             Err(err) => {
@@ -230,6 +240,7 @@ pub async fn libpq_listener_main(
 
 async fn page_service_conn_main(
     conf: &'static PageServerConf,
+    broker_client: storage_broker::BrokerClientChannel,
     auth: Option<Arc<JwtAuth>>,
     socket: tokio::net::TcpStream,
     auth_type: AuthType,
@@ -256,14 +267,17 @@ async fn page_service_conn_main(
     //
     // no write timeout is used, because the kernel is assumed to error writes after some time.
     let mut socket = tokio_io_timeout::TimeoutReader::new(socket);
-    socket.set_timeout(Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(60 * 10)));
+
+    // timeout should be lower, but trying out multiple days for
+    // <https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/4205>
+    socket.set_timeout(Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(60 * 60 * 24 * 3)));
     let socket = std::pin::pin!(socket);
 
     // XXX: pgbackend.run() should take the connection_ctx,
     // and create a child per-query context when it invokes process_query.
     // But it's in a shared crate, so, we store connection_ctx inside PageServerHandler
     // and create the per-query context in process_query ourselves.
-    let mut conn_handler = PageServerHandler::new(conf, auth, connection_ctx);
+    let mut conn_handler = PageServerHandler::new(conf, broker_client, auth, connection_ctx);
     let pgbackend = PostgresBackend::new_from_io(socket, peer_addr, auth_type, None)?;
 
     match pgbackend
@@ -321,6 +335,7 @@ impl PageRequestMetrics {
 
 struct PageServerHandler {
     _conf: &'static PageServerConf,
+    broker_client: storage_broker::BrokerClientChannel,
     auth: Option<Arc<JwtAuth>>,
     claims: Option<Claims>,
 
@@ -334,11 +349,13 @@ struct PageServerHandler {
 impl PageServerHandler {
     pub fn new(
         conf: &'static PageServerConf,
+        broker_client: storage_broker::BrokerClientChannel,
         auth: Option<Arc<JwtAuth>>,
         connection_ctx: RequestContext,
     ) -> Self {
         PageServerHandler {
             _conf: conf,
+            broker_client,
             auth,
             claims: None,
             connection_ctx,
@@ -491,7 +508,12 @@ impl PageServerHandler {
 
         let mut copyin_reader = pin!(StreamReader::new(copyin_stream(pgb)));
         timeline
-            .import_basebackup_from_tar(&mut copyin_reader, base_lsn, &ctx)
+            .import_basebackup_from_tar(
+                &mut copyin_reader,
+                base_lsn,
+                self.broker_client.clone(),
+                &ctx,
+            )
             .await?;
 
         // Read the end of the tar archive.
@@ -1128,7 +1150,9 @@ enum GetActiveTenantError {
         wait_time: Duration,
     },
     #[error(transparent)]
-    Other(#[from] anyhow::Error),
+    NotFound(GetTenantError),
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    WaitTenantActive(tenant::WaitToBecomeActiveError),
 }
 
 impl From<GetActiveTenantError> for QueryError {
@@ -1137,7 +1161,8 @@ impl From<GetActiveTenantError> for QueryError {
             GetActiveTenantError::WaitForActiveTimeout { .. } => QueryError::Disconnected(
                 ConnectionError::Io(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::TimedOut, e.to_string())),
             ),
-            GetActiveTenantError::Other(e) => QueryError::Other(e),
+            GetActiveTenantError::WaitTenantActive(e) => QueryError::Other(anyhow::Error::new(e)),
+            GetActiveTenantError::NotFound(e) => QueryError::Other(anyhow::Error::new(e)),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1153,13 +1178,16 @@ async fn get_active_tenant_with_timeout(
 ) -> Result<Arc<Tenant>, GetActiveTenantError> {
     let tenant = match mgr::get_tenant(tenant_id, false).await {
         Ok(tenant) => tenant,
-        Err(e) => return Err(GetActiveTenantError::Other(e.into())),
+        Err(e @ GetTenantError::NotFound(_)) => return Err(GetActiveTenantError::NotFound(e)),
+        Err(GetTenantError::NotActive(_)) => {
+            unreachable!("we're calling get_tenant with active=false")
+        }
     };
     let wait_time = Duration::from_secs(30);
     match tokio::time::timeout(wait_time, tenant.wait_to_become_active()).await {
         Ok(Ok(())) => Ok(tenant),
         // no .context(), the error message is good enough and some tests depend on it
-        Ok(Err(wait_error)) => Err(GetActiveTenantError::Other(wait_error)),
+        Ok(Err(e)) => Err(GetActiveTenantError::WaitTenantActive(e)),
         Err(_) => {
             let latest_state = tenant.current_state();
             if latest_state == TenantState::Active {
@@ -1174,13 +1202,34 @@ async fn get_active_tenant_with_timeout(
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+enum GetActiveTimelineError {
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Tenant(GetActiveTenantError),
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Timeline(anyhow::Error),
+}
+
+impl From<GetActiveTimelineError> for QueryError {
+    fn from(e: GetActiveTimelineError) -> Self {
+        match e {
+            GetActiveTimelineError::Tenant(e) => e.into(),
+            GetActiveTimelineError::Timeline(e) => QueryError::Other(e),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Shorthand for getting a reference to a Timeline of an Active tenant.
 async fn get_active_tenant_timeline(
     tenant_id: TenantId,
     timeline_id: TimelineId,
     ctx: &RequestContext,
-) -> Result<Arc<Timeline>, GetActiveTenantError> {
-    let tenant = get_active_tenant_with_timeout(tenant_id, ctx).await?;
-    let timeline = tenant.get_timeline(timeline_id, true)?;
+) -> Result<Arc<Timeline>, GetActiveTimelineError> {
+    let tenant = get_active_tenant_with_timeout(tenant_id, ctx)
+        .await
+        .map_err(GetActiveTimelineError::Tenant)?;
+    let timeline = tenant
+        .get_timeline(timeline_id, true)
+        .map_err(GetActiveTimelineError::Timeline)?;
     Ok(timeline)
 }

pageserver/src/pgdatadir_mapping.rs

@@ -500,6 +500,8 @@ impl Timeline {
         cancel: CancellationToken,
         ctx: &RequestContext,
     ) -> Result<u64, CalculateLogicalSizeError> {
+        crate::tenant::debug_assert_current_span_has_tenant_and_timeline_id();
+
         // Fetch list of database dirs and iterate them
         let buf = self.get(DBDIR_KEY, lsn, ctx).await.context("read dbdir")?;
         let dbdir = DbDirectory::des(&buf).context("deserialize db directory")?;
@@ -697,6 +699,20 @@ impl<'a> DatadirModification<'a> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub fn init_empty_test_timeline(&mut self) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        self.init_empty()?;
+        self.put_control_file(bytes::Bytes::from_static(
+            b"control_file contents do not matter",
+        ))
+        .context("put_control_file")?;
+        self.put_checkpoint(bytes::Bytes::from_static(
+            b"checkpoint_file contents do not matter",
+        ))
+        .context("put_checkpoint_file")?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     /// Put a new page version that can be constructed from a WAL record
     ///
     /// NOTE: this will *not* implicitly extend the relation, if the page is beyond the
@@ -1591,22 +1607,6 @@ fn is_slru_block_key(key: Key) -> bool {
         && key.field6 != 0xffffffff // and not SlruSegSize
 }
 
-#[cfg(test)]
-pub fn create_test_timeline(
-    tenant: &crate::tenant::Tenant,
-    timeline_id: utils::id::TimelineId,
-    pg_version: u32,
-    ctx: &RequestContext,
-) -> anyhow::Result<std::sync::Arc<Timeline>> {
-    let tline = tenant
-        .create_empty_timeline(timeline_id, Lsn(8), pg_version, ctx)?
-        .initialize(ctx)?;
-    let mut m = tline.begin_modification(Lsn(8));
-    m.init_empty()?;
-    m.commit()?;
-    Ok(tline)
-}
-
 #[allow(clippy::bool_assert_comparison)]
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {

pageserver/src/task_mgr.rs

@@ -257,6 +257,9 @@ pub enum TaskKind {
     // task that handles attaching a tenant
     Attach,
 
+    // Used mostly for background deletion from s3
+    TimelineDeletionWorker,
+
     // task that handhes metrics collection
     MetricsCollection,
 
@@ -476,18 +479,35 @@ pub async fn shutdown_tasks(
                 && (timeline_id.is_none() || task_mut.timeline_id == timeline_id)
             {
                 task.cancel.cancel();
-                victim_tasks.push(Arc::clone(task));
+                victim_tasks.push((
+                    Arc::clone(task),
+                    task.kind,
+                    task_mut.tenant_id,
+                    task_mut.timeline_id,
+                ));
             }
         }
     }
 
-    for task in victim_tasks {
+    let log_all = kind.is_none() && tenant_id.is_none() && timeline_id.is_none();
+
+    for (task, task_kind, tenant_id, timeline_id) in victim_tasks {
         let join_handle = {
             let mut task_mut = task.mutable.lock().unwrap();
             task_mut.join_handle.take()
         };
         if let Some(mut join_handle) = join_handle {
+            if log_all {
+                if tenant_id.is_none() {
+                    // there are quite few of these
+                    info!(name = task.name, kind = ?task_kind, "stopping global task");
+                } else {
+                    // warn to catch these in tests; there shouldn't be any
+                    warn!(name = task.name, tenant_id = ?tenant_id, timeline_id = ?timeline_id, kind = ?task_kind, "stopping left-over");
+                }
+            }
             let completed = tokio::select! {
+                biased;
                 _ = &mut join_handle => { true },
                 _ = tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1)) => {
                     // allow some time to elapse before logging to cut down the number of log

pageserver/src/tenant/config.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 //! may lead to a data loss.
 //!
 use anyhow::Context;
-use pageserver_api::models::{TenantConfigRequest, TenantCreateRequest};
+use pageserver_api::models;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::num::NonZeroU64;
 use std::time::Duration;
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ pub struct TenantConf {
     // See the corresponding metric's help string.
     #[serde(with = "humantime_serde")]
     pub evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold: Duration,
+    pub gc_feedback: bool,
 }
 
 /// Same as TenantConf, but this struct preserves the information about
@@ -175,6 +176,10 @@ pub struct TenantConfOpt {
     #[serde(with = "humantime_serde")]
     #[serde(default)]
     pub evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold: Option<Duration>,
+
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub gc_feedback: Option<bool>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -242,6 +247,7 @@ impl TenantConfOpt {
             evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold: self
                 .evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold
                 .unwrap_or(global_conf.evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold),
+            gc_feedback: self.gc_feedback.unwrap_or(global_conf.gc_feedback),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -278,6 +284,7 @@ impl Default for TenantConf {
                 DEFAULT_EVICTIONS_LOW_RESIDENCE_DURATION_METRIC_THRESHOLD,
             )
             .expect("cannot parse default evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold"),
+            gc_feedback: false,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -292,10 +299,10 @@ fn bad_duration<'a>(field_name: &'static str, value: &'a str) -> impl 'a + Fn()
     move || format!("Cannot parse `{field_name}` duration {value:?}")
 }
 
-impl TryFrom<&'_ TenantCreateRequest> for TenantConfOpt {
+impl TryFrom<&'_ models::TenantConfig> for TenantConfOpt {
     type Error = anyhow::Error;
 
-    fn try_from(request_data: &TenantCreateRequest) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+    fn try_from(request_data: &'_ models::TenantConfig) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let mut tenant_conf = TenantConfOpt::default();
 
         if let Some(gc_period) = &request_data.gc_period {
@@ -372,84 +379,7 @@ impl TryFrom<&'_ TenantCreateRequest> for TenantConfOpt {
                     ))?,
             );
         }
-
-        Ok(tenant_conf)
-    }
-}
-
-impl TryFrom<&'_ TenantConfigRequest> for TenantConfOpt {
-    type Error = anyhow::Error;
-
-    fn try_from(request_data: &TenantConfigRequest) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        let mut tenant_conf = TenantConfOpt::default();
-        if let Some(gc_period) = &request_data.gc_period {
-            tenant_conf.gc_period = Some(
-                humantime::parse_duration(gc_period)
-                    .with_context(bad_duration("gc_period", gc_period))?,
-            );
-        }
-        tenant_conf.gc_horizon = request_data.gc_horizon;
-        tenant_conf.image_creation_threshold = request_data.image_creation_threshold;
-
-        if let Some(pitr_interval) = &request_data.pitr_interval {
-            tenant_conf.pitr_interval = Some(
-                humantime::parse_duration(pitr_interval)
-                    .with_context(bad_duration("pitr_interval", pitr_interval))?,
-            );
-        }
-        if let Some(walreceiver_connect_timeout) = &request_data.walreceiver_connect_timeout {
-            tenant_conf.walreceiver_connect_timeout = Some(
-                humantime::parse_duration(walreceiver_connect_timeout).with_context(
-                    bad_duration("walreceiver_connect_timeout", walreceiver_connect_timeout),
-                )?,
-            );
-        }
-        if let Some(lagging_wal_timeout) = &request_data.lagging_wal_timeout {
-            tenant_conf.lagging_wal_timeout = Some(
-                humantime::parse_duration(lagging_wal_timeout)
-                    .with_context(bad_duration("lagging_wal_timeout", lagging_wal_timeout))?,
-            );
-        }
-        tenant_conf.max_lsn_wal_lag = request_data.max_lsn_wal_lag;
-        tenant_conf.trace_read_requests = request_data.trace_read_requests;
-
-        tenant_conf.checkpoint_distance = request_data.checkpoint_distance;
-        if let Some(checkpoint_timeout) = &request_data.checkpoint_timeout {
-            tenant_conf.checkpoint_timeout = Some(
-                humantime::parse_duration(checkpoint_timeout)
-                    .with_context(bad_duration("checkpoint_timeout", checkpoint_timeout))?,
-            );
-        }
-        tenant_conf.compaction_target_size = request_data.compaction_target_size;
-        tenant_conf.compaction_threshold = request_data.compaction_threshold;
-
-        if let Some(compaction_period) = &request_data.compaction_period {
-            tenant_conf.compaction_period = Some(
-                humantime::parse_duration(compaction_period)
-                    .with_context(bad_duration("compaction_period", compaction_period))?,
-            );
-        }
-
-        if let Some(eviction_policy) = &request_data.eviction_policy {
-            tenant_conf.eviction_policy = Some(
-                serde::Deserialize::deserialize(eviction_policy)
-                    .context("parse field `eviction_policy`")?,
-            );
-        }
-
-        tenant_conf.min_resident_size_override = request_data.min_resident_size_override;
-
-        if let Some(evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold) =
-            &request_data.evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold
-        {
-            tenant_conf.evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold = Some(
-                humantime::parse_duration(evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold)
-                    .with_context(bad_duration(
-                        "evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold",
-                        evictions_low_residence_duration_metric_threshold,
-                    ))?,
-            );
-        }
+        tenant_conf.gc_feedback = request_data.gc_feedback;
 
         Ok(tenant_conf)
     }

pageserver/src/tenant/layer_map.rs

@@ -51,7 +51,9 @@ use crate::keyspace::KeyPartitioning;
 use crate::repository::Key;
 use crate::tenant::storage_layer::InMemoryLayer;
 use crate::tenant::storage_layer::Layer;
+use anyhow::Context;
 use anyhow::Result;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use std::ops::Range;
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -61,6 +63,8 @@ use historic_layer_coverage::BufferedHistoricLayerCoverage;
 pub use historic_layer_coverage::Replacement;
 
 use super::storage_layer::range_eq;
+use super::storage_layer::PersistentLayerDesc;
+use super::storage_layer::PersistentLayerKey;
 
 ///
 /// LayerMap tracks what layers exist on a timeline.
@@ -86,11 +90,16 @@ pub struct LayerMap<L: ?Sized> {
     pub frozen_layers: VecDeque<Arc<InMemoryLayer>>,
 
     /// Index of the historic layers optimized for search
-    historic: BufferedHistoricLayerCoverage<Arc<L>>,
+    historic: BufferedHistoricLayerCoverage<Arc<PersistentLayerDesc>>,
 
     /// L0 layers have key range Key::MIN..Key::MAX, and locating them using R-Tree search is very inefficient.
     /// So L0 layers are held in l0_delta_layers vector, in addition to the R-tree.
-    l0_delta_layers: Vec<Arc<L>>,
+    l0_delta_layers: Vec<Arc<PersistentLayerDesc>>,
+
+    /// Mapping from persistent layer key to the actual layer object. Currently, it stores delta, image, and
+    /// remote layers. In future refactors, this will be eventually moved out of LayerMap into Timeline, and
+    /// RemoteLayer will be removed.
+    mapping: HashMap<PersistentLayerKey, Arc<L>>,
 }
 
 impl<L: ?Sized> Default for LayerMap<L> {
@@ -101,6 +110,7 @@ impl<L: ?Sized> Default for LayerMap<L> {
             frozen_layers: VecDeque::default(),
             l0_delta_layers: Vec::default(),
             historic: BufferedHistoricLayerCoverage::default(),
+            mapping: HashMap::default(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -125,8 +135,9 @@ where
     ///
     /// Insert an on-disk layer.
     ///
-    pub fn insert_historic(&mut self, layer: Arc<L>) {
-        self.layer_map.insert_historic_noflush(layer)
+    // TODO remove the `layer` argument when `mapping` is refactored out of `LayerMap`
+    pub fn insert_historic(&mut self, layer_desc: PersistentLayerDesc, layer: Arc<L>) {
+        self.layer_map.insert_historic_noflush(layer_desc, layer)
     }
 
     ///
@@ -134,8 +145,8 @@ where
     ///
     /// This should be called when the corresponding file on disk has been deleted.
     ///
-    pub fn remove_historic(&mut self, layer: Arc<L>) {
-        self.layer_map.remove_historic_noflush(layer)
+    pub fn remove_historic(&mut self, layer_desc: PersistentLayerDesc, layer: Arc<L>) {
+        self.layer_map.remove_historic_noflush(layer_desc, layer)
     }
 
     /// Replaces existing layer iff it is the `expected`.
@@ -150,12 +161,15 @@ where
     ///      that we can replace values only by updating a hashmap.
     pub fn replace_historic(
         &mut self,
+        expected_desc: PersistentLayerDesc,
         expected: &Arc<L>,
+        new_desc: PersistentLayerDesc,
         new: Arc<L>,
     ) -> anyhow::Result<Replacement<Arc<L>>> {
         fail::fail_point!("layermap-replace-notfound", |_| Ok(Replacement::NotFound));
 
-        self.layer_map.replace_historic_noflush(expected, new)
+        self.layer_map
+            .replace_historic_noflush(expected_desc, expected, new_desc, new)
     }
 
     // We will flush on drop anyway, but this method makes it
@@ -230,6 +244,7 @@ where
             (None, None) => None,
             (None, Some(image)) => {
                 let lsn_floor = image.get_lsn_range().start;
+                let image = self.get_layer_from_mapping(&image.key()).clone();
                 Some(SearchResult {
                     layer: image,
                     lsn_floor,
@@ -237,6 +252,7 @@ where
             }
             (Some(delta), None) => {
                 let lsn_floor = delta.get_lsn_range().start;
+                let delta = self.get_layer_from_mapping(&delta.key()).clone();
                 Some(SearchResult {
                     layer: delta,
                     lsn_floor,
@@ -247,6 +263,7 @@ where
                 let image_is_newer = image.get_lsn_range().end >= delta.get_lsn_range().end;
                 let image_exact_match = img_lsn + 1 == end_lsn;
                 if image_is_newer || image_exact_match {
+                    let image = self.get_layer_from_mapping(&image.key()).clone();
                     Some(SearchResult {
                         layer: image,
                         lsn_floor: img_lsn,
@@ -254,6 +271,7 @@ where
                 } else {
                     let lsn_floor =
                         std::cmp::max(delta.get_lsn_range().start, image.get_lsn_range().start + 1);
+                    let delta = self.get_layer_from_mapping(&delta.key()).clone();
                     Some(SearchResult {
                         layer: delta,
                         lsn_floor,
@@ -273,16 +291,33 @@ where
     ///
     /// Helper function for BatchedUpdates::insert_historic
     ///
-    pub(self) fn insert_historic_noflush(&mut self, layer: Arc<L>) {
+    /// TODO(chi): remove L generic so that we do not need to pass layer object.
+    pub(self) fn insert_historic_noflush(
+        &mut self,
+        layer_desc: PersistentLayerDesc,
+        layer: Arc<L>,
+    ) {
+        self.mapping.insert(layer_desc.key(), layer.clone());
+
         // TODO: See #3869, resulting #4088, attempted fix and repro #4094
-        self.historic.insert(
-            historic_layer_coverage::LayerKey::from(&*layer),
-            Arc::clone(&layer),
-        );
 
         if Self::is_l0(&layer) {
-            self.l0_delta_layers.push(layer);
+            self.l0_delta_layers.push(layer_desc.clone().into());
         }
+
+        self.historic.insert(
+            historic_layer_coverage::LayerKey::from(&*layer),
+            layer_desc.into(),
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn get_layer_from_mapping(&self, key: &PersistentLayerKey) -> &Arc<L> {
+        let layer = self
+            .mapping
+            .get(key)
+            .with_context(|| format!("{key:?}"))
+            .expect("inconsistent layer mapping");
+        layer
     }
 
     ///
@@ -290,14 +325,16 @@ where
     ///
     /// Helper function for BatchedUpdates::remove_historic
     ///
-    pub fn remove_historic_noflush(&mut self, layer: Arc<L>) {
+    pub fn remove_historic_noflush(&mut self, layer_desc: PersistentLayerDesc, layer: Arc<L>) {
         self.historic
             .remove(historic_layer_coverage::LayerKey::from(&*layer));
-
         if Self::is_l0(&layer) {
             let len_before = self.l0_delta_layers.len();
-            self.l0_delta_layers
-                .retain(|other| !Self::compare_arced_layers(other, &layer));
+            let mut l0_delta_layers = std::mem::take(&mut self.l0_delta_layers);
+            l0_delta_layers.retain(|other| {
+                !Self::compare_arced_layers(self.get_layer_from_mapping(&other.key()), &layer)
+            });
+            self.l0_delta_layers = l0_delta_layers;
             // this assertion is related to use of Arc::ptr_eq in Self::compare_arced_layers,
             // there's a chance that the comparison fails at runtime due to it comparing (pointer,
             // vtable) pairs.
@@ -307,11 +344,14 @@ where
                 "failed to locate removed historic layer from l0_delta_layers"
             );
         }
+        self.mapping.remove(&layer_desc.key());
     }
 
     pub(self) fn replace_historic_noflush(
         &mut self,
+        expected_desc: PersistentLayerDesc,
         expected: &Arc<L>,
+        new_desc: PersistentLayerDesc,
         new: Arc<L>,
     ) -> anyhow::Result<Replacement<Arc<L>>> {
         let key = historic_layer_coverage::LayerKey::from(&**expected);
@@ -332,10 +372,9 @@ where
 
         let l0_index = if expected_l0 {
             // find the index in case replace worked, we need to replace that as well
-            let pos = self
-                .l0_delta_layers
-                .iter()
-                .position(|slot| Self::compare_arced_layers(slot, expected));
+            let pos = self.l0_delta_layers.iter().position(|slot| {
+                Self::compare_arced_layers(self.get_layer_from_mapping(&slot.key()), expected)
+            });
 
             if pos.is_none() {
                 return Ok(Replacement::NotFound);
@@ -345,16 +384,28 @@ where
             None
         };
 
-        let replaced = self.historic.replace(&key, new.clone(), |existing| {
-            Self::compare_arced_layers(existing, expected)
+        let new_desc = Arc::new(new_desc);
+        let replaced = self.historic.replace(&key, new_desc.clone(), |existing| {
+            **existing == expected_desc
         });
 
         if let Replacement::Replaced { .. } = &replaced {
+            self.mapping.remove(&expected_desc.key());
+            self.mapping.insert(new_desc.key(), new);
             if let Some(index) = l0_index {
-                self.l0_delta_layers[index] = new;
+                self.l0_delta_layers[index] = new_desc;
             }
         }
 
+        let replaced = match replaced {
+            Replacement::Replaced { in_buffered } => Replacement::Replaced { in_buffered },
+            Replacement::NotFound => Replacement::NotFound,
+            Replacement::RemovalBuffered => Replacement::RemovalBuffered,
+            Replacement::Unexpected(x) => {
+                Replacement::Unexpected(self.get_layer_from_mapping(&x.key()).clone())
+            }
+        };
+
         Ok(replaced)
     }
 
@@ -383,7 +434,7 @@ where
         let start = key.start.to_i128();
         let end = key.end.to_i128();
 
-        let layer_covers = |layer: Option<Arc<L>>| match layer {
+        let layer_covers = |layer: Option<Arc<PersistentLayerDesc>>| match layer {
             Some(layer) => layer.get_lsn_range().start >= lsn.start,
             None => false,
         };
@@ -404,7 +455,9 @@ where
     }
 
     pub fn iter_historic_layers(&self) -> impl '_ + Iterator<Item = Arc<L>> {
-        self.historic.iter()
+        self.historic
+            .iter()
+            .map(|x| self.get_layer_from_mapping(&x.key()).clone())
     }
 
     ///
@@ -436,14 +489,24 @@ where
         // Loop through the change events and push intervals
         for (change_key, change_val) in version.image_coverage.range(start..end) {
             let kr = Key::from_i128(current_key)..Key::from_i128(change_key);
-            coverage.push((kr, current_val.take()));
+            coverage.push((
+                kr,
+                current_val
+                    .take()
+                    .map(|l| self.get_layer_from_mapping(&l.key()).clone()),
+            ));
             current_key = change_key;
             current_val = change_val.clone();
         }
 
         // Add the final interval
         let kr = Key::from_i128(current_key)..Key::from_i128(end);
-        coverage.push((kr, current_val.take()));
+        coverage.push((
+            kr,
+            current_val
+                .take()
+                .map(|l| self.get_layer_from_mapping(&l.key()).clone()),
+        ));
 
         Ok(coverage)
     }
@@ -532,7 +595,9 @@ where
                     let kr = Key::from_i128(current_key)..Key::from_i128(change_key);
                     let lr = lsn.start..val.get_lsn_range().start;
                     if !kr.is_empty() {
-                        let base_count = Self::is_reimage_worthy(&val, key) as usize;
+                        let base_count =
+                            Self::is_reimage_worthy(self.get_layer_from_mapping(&val.key()), key)
+                                as usize;
                         let new_limit = limit.map(|l| l - base_count);
                         let max_stacked_deltas_underneath =
                             self.count_deltas(&kr, &lr, new_limit)?;
@@ -555,7 +620,9 @@ where
                 let lr = lsn.start..val.get_lsn_range().start;
 
                 if !kr.is_empty() {
-                    let base_count = Self::is_reimage_worthy(&val, key) as usize;
+                    let base_count =
+                        Self::is_reimage_worthy(self.get_layer_from_mapping(&val.key()), key)
+                            as usize;
                     let new_limit = limit.map(|l| l - base_count);
                     let max_stacked_deltas_underneath = self.count_deltas(&kr, &lr, new_limit)?;
                     max_stacked_deltas = std::cmp::max(
@@ -706,7 +773,11 @@ where
 
     /// Return all L0 delta layers
     pub fn get_level0_deltas(&self) -> Result<Vec<Arc<L>>> {
-        Ok(self.l0_delta_layers.clone())
+        Ok(self
+            .l0_delta_layers
+            .iter()
+            .map(|x| self.get_layer_from_mapping(&x.key()).clone())
+            .collect())
     }
 
     /// debugging function to print out the contents of the layer map
@@ -809,12 +880,17 @@ mod tests {
             let layer = LayerDescriptor::from(layer);
 
             // same skeletan construction; see scenario below
-            let not_found: Arc<dyn Layer> = Arc::new(layer.clone());
-            let new_version: Arc<dyn Layer> = Arc::new(layer);
+            let not_found = Arc::new(layer.clone());
+            let new_version = Arc::new(layer);
 
             let mut map = LayerMap::default();
 
-            let res = map.batch_update().replace_historic(&not_found, new_version);
+            let res = map.batch_update().replace_historic(
+                not_found.get_persistent_layer_desc(),
+                &not_found,
+                new_version.get_persistent_layer_desc(),
+                new_version,
+            );
 
             assert!(matches!(res, Ok(Replacement::NotFound)), "{res:?}");
         }
@@ -823,8 +899,8 @@ mod tests {
             let name = LayerFileName::from_str(layer_name).unwrap();
             let skeleton = LayerDescriptor::from(name);
 
-            let remote: Arc<dyn Layer> = Arc::new(skeleton.clone());
-            let downloaded: Arc<dyn Layer> = Arc::new(skeleton);
+            let remote = Arc::new(skeleton.clone());
+            let downloaded = Arc::new(skeleton);
 
             let mut map = LayerMap::default();
 
@@ -834,12 +910,18 @@ mod tests {
 
             let expected_in_counts = (1, usize::from(expected_l0));
 
-            map.batch_update().insert_historic(remote.clone());
+            map.batch_update()
+                .insert_historic(remote.get_persistent_layer_desc(), remote.clone());
             assert_eq!(count_layer_in(&map, &remote), expected_in_counts);
 
             let replaced = map
                 .batch_update()
-                .replace_historic(&remote, downloaded.clone())
+                .replace_historic(
+                    remote.get_persistent_layer_desc(),
+                    &remote,
+                    downloaded.get_persistent_layer_desc(),
+                    downloaded.clone(),
+                )
                 .expect("name derived attributes are the same");
             assert!(
                 matches!(replaced, Replacement::Replaced { .. }),
@@ -847,11 +929,12 @@ mod tests {
             );
             assert_eq!(count_layer_in(&map, &downloaded), expected_in_counts);
 
-            map.batch_update().remove_historic(downloaded.clone());
+            map.batch_update()
+                .remove_historic(downloaded.get_persistent_layer_desc(), downloaded.clone());
             assert_eq!(count_layer_in(&map, &downloaded), (0, 0));
         }
 
-        fn count_layer_in(map: &LayerMap<dyn Layer>, layer: &Arc<dyn Layer>) -> (usize, usize) {
+        fn count_layer_in<L: Layer + ?Sized>(map: &LayerMap<L>, layer: &Arc<L>) -> (usize, usize) {
             let historic = map
                 .iter_historic_layers()
                 .filter(|x| LayerMap::compare_arced_layers(x, layer))

pageserver/src/tenant/layer_map/historic_layer_coverage.rs

@@ -204,6 +204,35 @@ fn test_off_by_one() {
     assert_eq!(version.image_coverage.query(5), None);
 }
 
+/// White-box regression test, checking for incorrect removal of node at key.end
+#[test]
+fn test_regression() {
+    let mut map = HistoricLayerCoverage::<String>::new();
+    map.insert(
+        LayerKey {
+            key: 0..5,
+            lsn: 0..5,
+            is_image: false,
+        },
+        "Layer 1".to_string(),
+    );
+    map.insert(
+        LayerKey {
+            key: 0..5,
+            lsn: 1..2,
+            is_image: false,
+        },
+        "Layer 2".to_string(),
+    );
+
+    // If an insertion operation improperly deletes the endpoint of a previous layer
+    // (which is more likely to happen with layers that collide on key.end), we will
+    // end up with an infinite layer, covering the entire keyspace. Here we assert
+    // that there's no layer at key 100 because we didn't insert any layer there.
+    let version = map.get_version(100).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(version.delta_coverage.query(100), None);
+}
+
 /// Cover edge cases where layers begin or end on the same key
 #[test]
 fn test_key_collision() {

pageserver/src/tenant/layer_map/layer_coverage.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use std::ops::Range;
 
-// TODO the `im` crate has 20x more downloads and also has
-// persistent/immutable BTree. It also runs a bit faster but
-// results are not the same on some tests.
+// NOTE the `im` crate has 20x more downloads and also has
+// persistent/immutable BTree. But it's bugged so rpds is a
+// better choice https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/3395
 use rpds::RedBlackTreeMapSync;
 
 /// Data structure that can efficiently:
@@ -10,19 +10,22 @@ use rpds::RedBlackTreeMapSync;
 /// - iterate the latest layers in a key range
 /// - insert layers in non-decreasing lsn.start order
 ///
-/// The struct is parameterized over Value for easier
-/// testing, but in practice it's some sort of layer.
+/// For a detailed explanation and justification of this approach, see:
+/// https://neon.tech/blog/persistent-structures-in-neons-wal-indexing
+///
+/// NOTE The struct is parameterized over Value for easier
+///      testing, but in practice it's some sort of layer.
 pub struct LayerCoverage<Value> {
     /// For every change in coverage (as we sweep the key space)
     /// we store (lsn.end, value).
     ///
-    /// We use an immutable/persistent tree so that we can keep historic
-    /// versions of this coverage without cloning the whole thing and
-    /// incurring quadratic memory cost. See HistoricLayerCoverage.
+    /// NOTE We use an immutable/persistent tree so that we can keep historic
+    ///      versions of this coverage without cloning the whole thing and
+    ///      incurring quadratic memory cost. See HistoricLayerCoverage.
     ///
-    /// We use the Sync version of the map because we want Self to
-    /// be Sync. Using nonsync might be faster, if we can work with
-    /// that.
+    /// NOTE We use the Sync version of the map because we want Self to
+    ///      be Sync. Using nonsync might be faster, if we can work with
+    ///      that.
     nodes: RedBlackTreeMapSync<i128, Option<(u64, Value)>>,
 }
 
@@ -41,6 +44,13 @@ impl<Value: Clone> LayerCoverage<Value> {
 
     /// Helper function to subdivide the key range without changing any values
     ///
+    /// This operation has no semantic effect by itself. It only helps us pin in
+    /// place the part of the coverage we don't want to change when inserting.
+    ///
+    /// As an analogy, think of a polygon. If you add a vertex along one of the
+    /// segments, the polygon is still the same, but it behaves differently when
+    /// we move or delete one of the other points.
+    ///
     /// Complexity: O(log N)
     fn add_node(&mut self, key: i128) {
         let value = match self.nodes.range(..=key).last() {
@@ -74,7 +84,7 @@ impl<Value: Clone> LayerCoverage<Value> {
         let mut to_update = Vec::new();
         let mut to_remove = Vec::new();
         let mut prev_covered = false;
-        for (k, node) in self.nodes.range(key.clone()) {
+        for (k, node) in self.nodes.range(key) {
             let needs_cover = match node {
                 None => true,
                 Some((h, _)) => h < &lsn.end,
@@ -87,9 +97,8 @@ impl<Value: Clone> LayerCoverage<Value> {
             }
             prev_covered = needs_cover;
         }
-        if !prev_covered {
-            to_remove.push(key.end);
-        }
+        // TODO check if the nodes inserted at key.start and key.end are safe
+        //      to remove. It's fine to keep them but they could be redundant.
         for k in to_update {
             self.nodes.insert_mut(k, Some((lsn.end, value.clone())));
         }

pageserver/src/tenant/manifest.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+//! This module contains the encoding and decoding of the local manifest file.
+//!
+//! MANIFEST is a write-ahead log which is stored locally to each timeline. It
+//! records the state of the storage engine. It contains a snapshot of the
+//! state and all operations proceeding that snapshot. The file begins with a
+//! header recording MANIFEST version number. After that, it contains a snapshot.
+//! The snapshot is followed by a list of operations. Each operation is a list
+//! of records. Each record is either an addition or a removal of a layer.
+//!
+//! With MANIFEST, we can:
+//!
+//! 1. recover state quickly by reading the file, potentially boosting the
+//!    startup speed.
+//! 2. ensure all operations are atomic and avoid corruption, solving issues
+//!    like redundant image layer and preparing us for future compaction
+//!    strategies.
+//!
+//! There is also a format for storing all layer files on S3, called
+//! `index_part.json`. Compared with index_part, MANIFEST is an WAL which
+//! records all operations as logs, and therefore we can easily replay the
+//! operations when recovering from crash, while ensuring those operations
+//! are atomic upon restart.
+//!
+//! Currently, this is not used in the system. Future refactors will ensure
+//! the storage state will be recorded in this file, and the system can be
+//! recovered from this file. This is tracked in
+//! https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/4418
+
+use std::io::{self, Read, Write};
+
+use crate::virtual_file::VirtualFile;
+use anyhow::Result;
+use bytes::{Buf, BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
+use crc32c::crc32c;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use tracing::log::warn;
+use utils::lsn::Lsn;
+
+use super::storage_layer::PersistentLayerDesc;
+
+pub struct Manifest {
+    file: VirtualFile,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub struct Snapshot {
+    pub layers: Vec<PersistentLayerDesc>,
+}
+
+/// serde by default encode this in tagged enum, and therefore it will be something
+/// like `{ "AddLayer": { ... } }`.
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub enum Record {
+    AddLayer(PersistentLayerDesc),
+    RemoveLayer(PersistentLayerDesc),
+}
+
+/// `echo neon.manifest | sha1sum` and take the leading 8 bytes.
+const MANIFEST_MAGIC_NUMBER: u64 = 0xf5c44592b806109c;
+const MANIFEST_VERSION: u64 = 1;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub struct ManifestHeader {
+    magic_number: u64,
+    version: u64,
+}
+
+const MANIFEST_HEADER_LEN: usize = 16;
+
+impl ManifestHeader {
+    fn encode(&self) -> BytesMut {
+        let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(MANIFEST_HEADER_LEN);
+        buf.put_u64(self.magic_number);
+        buf.put_u64(self.version);
+        buf
+    }
+
+    fn decode(mut buf: &[u8]) -> Self {
+        assert!(buf.len() == MANIFEST_HEADER_LEN, "invalid header");
+        Self {
+            magic_number: buf.get_u64(),
+            version: buf.get_u64(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub enum Operation {
+    /// A snapshot of the current state.
+    ///
+    /// Lsn field represents the LSN that is persisted to disk for this snapshot.
+    Snapshot(Snapshot, Lsn),
+    /// An atomic operation that changes the state.
+    ///
+    /// Lsn field represents the LSN that is persisted to disk after the operation is done.
+    /// This will only change when new L0 is flushed to the disk.
+    Operation(Vec<Record>, Lsn),
+}
+
+struct RecordHeader {
+    size: u32,
+    checksum: u32,
+}
+
+const RECORD_HEADER_LEN: usize = 8;
+
+impl RecordHeader {
+    fn encode(&self) -> BytesMut {
+        let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(RECORD_HEADER_LEN);
+        buf.put_u32(self.size);
+        buf.put_u32(self.checksum);
+        buf
+    }
+
+    fn decode(mut buf: &[u8]) -> Self {
+        assert!(buf.len() == RECORD_HEADER_LEN, "invalid header");
+        Self {
+            size: buf.get_u32(),
+            checksum: buf.get_u32(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum ManifestLoadError {
+    #[error("manifest header is corrupted")]
+    CorruptedManifestHeader,
+    #[error("unsupported manifest version: got {0}, expected {1}")]
+    UnsupportedVersion(u64, u64),
+    #[error("error when decoding record: {0}")]
+    DecodeRecord(serde_json::Error),
+    #[error("I/O error: {0}")]
+    Io(io::Error),
+}
+
+#[must_use = "Should check if the manifest is partially corrupted"]
+pub struct ManifestPartiallyCorrupted(bool);
+
+impl Manifest {
+    /// Create a new manifest by writing the manifest header and a snapshot record to the given file.
+    pub fn init(file: VirtualFile, snapshot: Snapshot, lsn: Lsn) -> Result<Self> {
+        let mut manifest = Self { file };
+        manifest.append_manifest_header(ManifestHeader {
+            magic_number: MANIFEST_MAGIC_NUMBER,
+            version: MANIFEST_VERSION,
+        })?;
+        manifest.append_operation(Operation::Snapshot(snapshot, lsn))?;
+        Ok(manifest)
+    }
+
+    /// Load a manifest. Returns the manifest and a list of operations. If the manifest is corrupted,
+    /// the bool flag will be set to true and the user is responsible to reconstruct a new manifest and
+    /// backup the current one.
+    pub fn load(
+        mut file: VirtualFile,
+    ) -> Result<(Self, Vec<Operation>, ManifestPartiallyCorrupted), ManifestLoadError> {
+        let mut buf = vec![];
+        file.read_to_end(&mut buf).map_err(ManifestLoadError::Io)?;
+
+        // Read manifest header
+        let mut buf = Bytes::from(buf);
+        if buf.remaining() < MANIFEST_HEADER_LEN {
+            return Err(ManifestLoadError::CorruptedManifestHeader);
+        }
+        let header = ManifestHeader::decode(&buf[..MANIFEST_HEADER_LEN]);
+        buf.advance(MANIFEST_HEADER_LEN);
+        if header.version != MANIFEST_VERSION {
+            return Err(ManifestLoadError::UnsupportedVersion(
+                header.version,
+                MANIFEST_VERSION,
+            ));
+        }
+
+        // Read operations
+        let mut operations = Vec::new();
+        let corrupted = loop {
+            if buf.remaining() == 0 {
+                break false;
+            }
+            if buf.remaining() < RECORD_HEADER_LEN {
+                warn!("incomplete header when decoding manifest, could be corrupted");
+                break true;
+            }
+            let RecordHeader { size, checksum } = RecordHeader::decode(&buf[..RECORD_HEADER_LEN]);
+            let size = size as usize;
+            buf.advance(RECORD_HEADER_LEN);
+            if buf.remaining() < size {
+                warn!("incomplete data when decoding manifest, could be corrupted");
+                break true;
+            }
+            let data = &buf[..size];
+            if crc32c(data) != checksum {
+                warn!("checksum mismatch when decoding manifest, could be corrupted");
+                break true;
+            }
+            // if the following decode fails, we cannot use the manifest or safely ignore any record.
+            operations.push(serde_json::from_slice(data).map_err(ManifestLoadError::DecodeRecord)?);
+            buf.advance(size);
+        };
+        Ok((
+            Self { file },
+            operations,
+            ManifestPartiallyCorrupted(corrupted),
+        ))
+    }
+
+    fn append_data(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+        if data.len() >= u32::MAX as usize {
+            panic!("data too large");
+        }
+        let header = RecordHeader {
+            size: data.len() as u32,
+            checksum: crc32c(data),
+        };
+        let header = header.encode();
+        self.file.write_all(&header)?;
+        self.file.write_all(data)?;
+        self.file.sync_all()?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn append_manifest_header(&mut self, header: ManifestHeader) -> Result<()> {
+        let encoded = header.encode();
+        self.file.write_all(&encoded)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Add an operation to the manifest. The operation will be appended to the end of the file,
+    /// and the file will fsync.
+    pub fn append_operation(&mut self, operation: Operation) -> Result<()> {
+        let encoded = Vec::from(serde_json::to_string(&operation)?);
+        self.append_data(&encoded)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::fs::OpenOptions;
+
+    use crate::repository::Key;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_read_manifest() {
+        let testdir = crate::config::PageServerConf::test_repo_dir("test_read_manifest");
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&testdir).unwrap();
+        let file = VirtualFile::create(&testdir.join("MANIFEST")).unwrap();
+        let layer1 = PersistentLayerDesc::new_test(Key::from_i128(0)..Key::from_i128(233));
+        let layer2 = PersistentLayerDesc::new_test(Key::from_i128(233)..Key::from_i128(2333));
+        let layer3 = PersistentLayerDesc::new_test(Key::from_i128(2333)..Key::from_i128(23333));
+        let layer4 = PersistentLayerDesc::new_test(Key::from_i128(23333)..Key::from_i128(233333));
+
+        // Write a manifest with a snapshot and some operations
+        let snapshot = Snapshot {
+            layers: vec![layer1, layer2],
+        };
+        let mut manifest = Manifest::init(file, snapshot.clone(), Lsn::from(0)).unwrap();
+        manifest
+            .append_operation(Operation::Operation(
+                vec![Record::AddLayer(layer3.clone())],
+                Lsn::from(1),
+            ))
+            .unwrap();
+        drop(manifest);
+
+        // Open the second time and write
+        let file = VirtualFile::open_with_options(
+            &testdir.join("MANIFEST"),
+            OpenOptions::new()
+                .read(true)
+                .write(true)
+                .create_new(false)
+                .truncate(false),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let (mut manifest, operations, corrupted) = Manifest::load(file).unwrap();
+        assert!(!corrupted.0);
+        assert_eq!(operations.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(
+            &operations[0],
+            &Operation::Snapshot(snapshot.clone(), Lsn::from(0))
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            &operations[1],
+            &Operation::Operation(vec![Record::AddLayer(layer3.clone())], Lsn::from(1))
+        );
+        manifest
+            .append_operation(Operation::Operation(
+                vec![
+                    Record::RemoveLayer(layer3.clone()),
+                    Record::AddLayer(layer4.clone()),
+                ],
+                Lsn::from(2),
+            ))
+            .unwrap();
+        drop(manifest);
+
+        // Open the third time and verify
+        let file = VirtualFile::open_with_options(
+            &testdir.join("MANIFEST"),
+            OpenOptions::new()
+                .read(true)
+                .write(true)
+                .create_new(false)
+                .truncate(false),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let (_manifest, operations, corrupted) = Manifest::load(file).unwrap();
+        assert!(!corrupted.0);
+        assert_eq!(operations.len(), 3);
+        assert_eq!(&operations[0], &Operation::Snapshot(snapshot, Lsn::from(0)));
+        assert_eq!(
+            &operations[1],
+            &Operation::Operation(vec![Record::AddLayer(layer3.clone())], Lsn::from(1))
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            &operations[2],
+            &Operation::Operation(
+                vec![Record::RemoveLayer(layer3), Record::AddLayer(layer4)],
+                Lsn::from(2)
+            )
+        );
+    }
+}

pageserver/src/tenant/mgr.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use tokio::fs;
 use anyhow::Context;
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use tokio::sync::RwLock;
+use tokio::task::JoinSet;
 use tracing::*;
 
 use remote_storage::GenericRemoteStorage;
@@ -19,8 +20,8 @@ use crate::config::PageServerConf;
 use crate::context::{DownloadBehavior, RequestContext};
 use crate::task_mgr::{self, TaskKind};
 use crate::tenant::config::TenantConfOpt;
-use crate::tenant::{Tenant, TenantState};
-use crate::IGNORED_TENANT_FILE_NAME;
+use crate::tenant::{create_tenant_files, CreateTenantFilesMode, Tenant, TenantState};
+use crate::{InitializationOrder, IGNORED_TENANT_FILE_NAME};
 
 use utils::fs_ext::PathExt;
 use utils::id::{TenantId, TimelineId};
@@ -58,10 +59,12 @@ static TENANTS: Lazy<RwLock<TenantsMap>> = Lazy::new(|| RwLock::new(TenantsMap::
 /// Initialize repositories with locally available timelines.
 /// Timelines that are only partially available locally (remote storage has more data than this pageserver)
 /// are scheduled for download and added to the tenant once download is completed.
-#[instrument(skip(conf, remote_storage))]
+#[instrument(skip_all)]
 pub async fn init_tenant_mgr(
     conf: &'static PageServerConf,
+    broker_client: storage_broker::BrokerClientChannel,
     remote_storage: Option<GenericRemoteStorage>,
+    init_order: InitializationOrder,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     // Scan local filesystem for attached tenants
     let tenants_dir = conf.tenants_path();
@@ -116,7 +119,9 @@ pub async fn init_tenant_mgr(
                     match schedule_local_tenant_processing(
                         conf,
                         &tenant_dir_path,
+                        broker_client.clone(),
                         remote_storage.clone(),
+                        Some(init_order.clone()),
                         &ctx,
                     ) {
                         Ok(tenant) => {
@@ -150,7 +155,9 @@ pub async fn init_tenant_mgr(
 pub fn schedule_local_tenant_processing(
     conf: &'static PageServerConf,
     tenant_path: &Path,
+    broker_client: storage_broker::BrokerClientChannel,
     remote_storage: Option<GenericRemoteStorage>,
+    init_order: Option<InitializationOrder>,
     ctx: &RequestContext,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<Arc<Tenant>> {
     anyhow::ensure!(
@@ -186,15 +193,32 @@ pub fn schedule_local_tenant_processing(
     let tenant = if conf.tenant_attaching_mark_file_path(&tenant_id).exists() {
         info!("tenant {tenant_id} has attaching mark file, resuming its attach operation");
         if let Some(remote_storage) = remote_storage {
-            Tenant::spawn_attach(conf, tenant_id, remote_storage, ctx)
+            match Tenant::spawn_attach(conf, tenant_id, broker_client, remote_storage, ctx) {
+                Ok(tenant) => tenant,
+                Err(e) => {
+                    error!("Failed to spawn_attach tenant {tenant_id}, reason: {e:#}");
+                    Tenant::create_broken_tenant(conf, tenant_id, format!("{e:#}"))
+                }
+            }
         } else {
             warn!("tenant {tenant_id} has attaching mark file, but pageserver has no remote storage configured");
-            Tenant::create_broken_tenant(conf, tenant_id)
+            Tenant::create_broken_tenant(
+                conf,
+                tenant_id,
+                "attaching mark file present but no remote storage configured".to_string(),
+            )
         }
     } else {
         info!("tenant {tenant_id} is assumed to be loadable, starting load operation");
         // Start loading the tenant into memory. It will initially be in Loading state.
-        Tenant::spawn_load(conf, tenant_id, remote_storage, ctx)
+        Tenant::spawn_load(
+            conf,
+            tenant_id,
+            broker_client,
+            remote_storage,
+            init_order,
+            ctx,
+        )
     };
     Ok(tenant)
 }
@@ -209,6 +233,7 @@ pub fn schedule_local_tenant_processing(
 /// That could be easily misinterpreted by control plane, the consumer of the
 /// management API. For example, it could attach the tenant on a different pageserver.
 /// We would then be in split-brain once this pageserver restarts.
+#[instrument]
 pub async fn shutdown_all_tenants() {
     // Prevent new tenants from being created.
     let tenants_to_shut_down = {
@@ -225,39 +250,51 @@ pub async fn shutdown_all_tenants() {
                 tenants_clone
             }
             TenantsMap::ShuttingDown(_) => {
+                // TODO: it is possible that detach and shutdown happen at the same time. as a
+                // result, during shutdown we do not wait for detach.
                 error!("already shutting down, this function isn't supposed to be called more than once");
                 return;
             }
         }
     };
 
-    let mut tenants_to_freeze_and_flush = Vec::with_capacity(tenants_to_shut_down.len());
-    for (_, tenant) in tenants_to_shut_down {
-        if tenant.is_active() {
-            // updates tenant state, forbidding new GC and compaction iterations from starting
-            tenant.set_stopping();
-            tenants_to_freeze_and_flush.push(tenant);
+    let mut join_set = JoinSet::new();
+    for (tenant_id, tenant) in tenants_to_shut_down {
+        join_set.spawn(
+            async move {
+                let freeze_and_flush = true;
+
+                match tenant.shutdown(freeze_and_flush).await {
+                    Ok(()) => debug!("tenant successfully stopped"),
+                    Err(super::ShutdownError::AlreadyStopping) => {
+                        warn!("tenant was already shutting down")
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            .instrument(info_span!("shutdown", %tenant_id)),
+        );
+    }
+
+    let mut panicked = 0;
+
+    while let Some(res) = join_set.join_next().await {
+        match res {
+            Ok(()) => {}
+            Err(join_error) if join_error.is_cancelled() => {
+                unreachable!("we are not cancelling any of the futures");
+            }
+            Err(join_error) if join_error.is_panic() => {
+                // cannot really do anything, as this panic is likely a bug
+                panicked += 1;
+            }
+            Err(join_error) => {
+                warn!("unknown kind of JoinError: {join_error}");
+            }
         }
     }
 
-    // Shut down all existing walreceiver connections and stop accepting the new ones.
-    task_mgr::shutdown_tasks(Some(TaskKind::WalReceiverManager), None, None).await;
-
-    // Ok, no background tasks running anymore. Flush any remaining data in
-    // memory to disk.
-    //
-    // We assume that any incoming connections that might request pages from
-    // the tenant have already been terminated by the caller, so there
-    // should be no more activity in any of the repositories.
-    //
-    // On error, log it but continue with the shutdown for other tenants.
-    for tenant in tenants_to_freeze_and_flush {
-        let tenant_id = tenant.tenant_id();
-        debug!("shutdown tenant {tenant_id}");
-
-        if let Err(err) = tenant.freeze_and_flush().await {
-            error!("Could not checkpoint tenant {tenant_id} during shutdown: {err:?}");
-        }
+    if panicked > 0 {
+        warn!(panicked, "observed panicks while shutting down tenants");
     }
 }
 
@@ -265,31 +302,45 @@ pub async fn create_tenant(
     conf: &'static PageServerConf,
     tenant_conf: TenantConfOpt,
     tenant_id: TenantId,
+    broker_client: storage_broker::BrokerClientChannel,
     remote_storage: Option<GenericRemoteStorage>,
     ctx: &RequestContext,
 ) -> Result<Arc<Tenant>, TenantMapInsertError> {
-    tenant_map_insert(tenant_id, |vacant_entry| {
+    tenant_map_insert(tenant_id, || {
         // We're holding the tenants lock in write mode while doing local IO.
         // If this section ever becomes contentious, introduce a new `TenantState::Creating`
         // and do the work in that state.
-        let tenant_directory = super::create_tenant_files(conf, tenant_conf, tenant_id)?;
+        let tenant_directory = super::create_tenant_files(conf, tenant_conf, tenant_id, CreateTenantFilesMode::Create)?;
+        // TODO: tenant directory remains on disk if we bail out from here on.
+        //       See https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/4233
+
         let created_tenant =
-            schedule_local_tenant_processing(conf, &tenant_directory, remote_storage, ctx)?;
+            schedule_local_tenant_processing(conf, &tenant_directory, broker_client, remote_storage, None, ctx)?;
+        // TODO: tenant object & its background loops remain, untracked in tenant map, if we fail here.
+        //      See https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/4233
+
         let crated_tenant_id = created_tenant.tenant_id();
         anyhow::ensure!(
                 tenant_id == crated_tenant_id,
                 "loaded created tenant has unexpected tenant id (expect {tenant_id} != actual {crated_tenant_id})",
             );
-        vacant_entry.insert(Arc::clone(&created_tenant));
         Ok(created_tenant)
     }).await
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum SetNewTenantConfigError {
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    GetTenant(#[from] GetTenantError),
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Persist(anyhow::Error),
+}
+
 pub async fn set_new_tenant_config(
     conf: &'static PageServerConf,
     new_tenant_conf: TenantConfOpt,
     tenant_id: TenantId,
-) -> Result<(), TenantStateError> {
+) -> Result<(), SetNewTenantConfigError> {
     info!("configuring tenant {tenant_id}");
     let tenant = get_tenant(tenant_id, true).await?;
 
@@ -299,23 +350,32 @@ pub async fn set_new_tenant_config(
         &tenant_config_path,
         new_tenant_conf,
         false,
-    )?;
+    )
+    .map_err(SetNewTenantConfigError::Persist)?;
     tenant.set_new_tenant_config(new_tenant_conf);
     Ok(())
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum GetTenantError {
+    #[error("Tenant {0} not found")]
+    NotFound(TenantId),
+    #[error("Tenant {0} is not active")]
+    NotActive(TenantId),
+}
+
 /// Gets the tenant from the in-memory data, erroring if it's absent or is not fitting to the query.
 /// `active_only = true` allows to query only tenants that are ready for operations, erroring on other kinds of tenants.
 pub async fn get_tenant(
     tenant_id: TenantId,
     active_only: bool,
-) -> Result<Arc<Tenant>, TenantStateError> {
+) -> Result<Arc<Tenant>, GetTenantError> {
     let m = TENANTS.read().await;
     let tenant = m
         .get(&tenant_id)
-        .ok_or(TenantStateError::NotFound(tenant_id))?;
+        .ok_or(GetTenantError::NotFound(tenant_id))?;
     if active_only && !tenant.is_active() {
-        Err(TenantStateError::NotActive(tenant_id))
+        Err(GetTenantError::NotActive(tenant_id))
     } else {
         Ok(Arc::clone(tenant))
     }
@@ -324,7 +384,7 @@ pub async fn get_tenant(
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum DeleteTimelineError {
     #[error("Tenant {0}")]
-    Tenant(#[from] TenantStateError),
+    Tenant(#[from] GetTenantError),
 
     #[error("Timeline {0}")]
     Timeline(#[from] crate::tenant::DeleteTimelineError),
@@ -336,7 +396,9 @@ pub async fn delete_timeline(
     ctx: &RequestContext,
 ) -> Result<(), DeleteTimelineError> {
     let tenant = get_tenant(tenant_id, true).await?;
-    tenant.delete_timeline(timeline_id, ctx).await?;
+    tenant
+        .prepare_and_schedule_delete_timeline(timeline_id, ctx)
+        .await?;
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -389,10 +451,11 @@ pub async fn detach_tenant(
 pub async fn load_tenant(
     conf: &'static PageServerConf,
     tenant_id: TenantId,
+    broker_client: storage_broker::BrokerClientChannel,
     remote_storage: Option<GenericRemoteStorage>,
     ctx: &RequestContext,
 ) -> Result<(), TenantMapInsertError> {
-    tenant_map_insert(tenant_id, |vacant_entry| {
+    tenant_map_insert(tenant_id, || {
         let tenant_path = conf.tenant_path(&tenant_id);
         let tenant_ignore_mark = conf.tenant_ignore_mark_file_path(tenant_id);
         if tenant_ignore_mark.exists() {
@@ -400,14 +463,14 @@ pub async fn load_tenant(
                 .with_context(|| format!("Failed to remove tenant ignore mark {tenant_ignore_mark:?} during tenant loading"))?;
         }
 
-        let new_tenant = schedule_local_tenant_processing(conf, &tenant_path, remote_storage, ctx)
+        let new_tenant = schedule_local_tenant_processing(conf, &tenant_path, broker_client, remote_storage, None, ctx)
             .with_context(|| {
                 format!("Failed to schedule tenant processing in path {tenant_path:?}")
             })?;
 
-        vacant_entry.insert(new_tenant);
-        Ok(())
-    }).await
+        Ok(new_tenant)
+    }).await?;
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 pub async fn ignore_tenant(
@@ -456,21 +519,36 @@ pub async fn list_tenants() -> Result<Vec<(TenantId, TenantState)>, TenantMapLis
 pub async fn attach_tenant(
     conf: &'static PageServerConf,
     tenant_id: TenantId,
+    tenant_conf: TenantConfOpt,
+    broker_client: storage_broker::BrokerClientChannel,
     remote_storage: GenericRemoteStorage,
     ctx: &RequestContext,
 ) -> Result<(), TenantMapInsertError> {
-    tenant_map_insert(tenant_id, |vacant_entry| {
-        let tenant_path = conf.tenant_path(&tenant_id);
-        anyhow::ensure!(
-            !tenant_path.exists(),
-            "Cannot attach tenant {tenant_id}, local tenant directory already exists"
-        );
+    tenant_map_insert(tenant_id, || {
+        let tenant_dir = create_tenant_files(conf, tenant_conf, tenant_id, CreateTenantFilesMode::Attach)?;
+        // TODO: tenant directory remains on disk if we bail out from here on.
+        //       See https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/4233
 
-        let tenant = Tenant::spawn_attach(conf, tenant_id, remote_storage, ctx);
-        vacant_entry.insert(tenant);
-        Ok(())
+        // Without the attach marker, schedule_local_tenant_processing will treat the attached tenant as fully attached
+        let marker_file_exists = conf
+            .tenant_attaching_mark_file_path(&tenant_id)
+            .try_exists()
+            .context("check for attach marker file existence")?;
+        anyhow::ensure!(marker_file_exists, "create_tenant_files should have created the attach marker file");
+
+        let attached_tenant = schedule_local_tenant_processing(conf, &tenant_dir, broker_client, Some(remote_storage), None, ctx)?;
+        // TODO: tenant object & its background loops remain, untracked in tenant map, if we fail here.
+        //      See https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/4233
+
+        let attached_tenant_id = attached_tenant.tenant_id();
+        anyhow::ensure!(
+            tenant_id == attached_tenant_id,
+            "loaded created tenant has unexpected tenant id (expect {tenant_id} != actual {attached_tenant_id})",
+        );
+        Ok(attached_tenant)
     })
-    .await
+    .await?;
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
@@ -491,12 +569,12 @@ pub enum TenantMapInsertError {
 ///
 /// NB: the closure should return quickly because the current implementation of tenants map
 /// serializes access through an `RwLock`.
-async fn tenant_map_insert<F, V>(
+async fn tenant_map_insert<F>(
     tenant_id: TenantId,
     insert_fn: F,
-) -> Result<V, TenantMapInsertError>
+) -> Result<Arc<Tenant>, TenantMapInsertError>
 where
-    F: FnOnce(hash_map::VacantEntry<TenantId, Arc<Tenant>>) -> anyhow::Result<V>,
+    F: FnOnce() -> anyhow::Result<Arc<Tenant>>,
 {
     let mut guard = TENANTS.write().await;
     let m = match &mut *guard {
@@ -509,8 +587,11 @@ where
             tenant_id,
             e.get().current_state(),
         )),
-        hash_map::Entry::Vacant(v) => match insert_fn(v) {
-            Ok(v) => Ok(v),
+        hash_map::Entry::Vacant(v) => match insert_fn() {
+            Ok(tenant) => {
+                v.insert(tenant.clone());
+                Ok(tenant)
+            }
             Err(e) => Err(TenantMapInsertError::Closure(e)),
         },
     }
@@ -531,25 +612,26 @@ where
     // The exclusive lock here ensures we don't miss the tenant state updates before trying another removal.
     // tenant-wde cleanup operations may take some time (removing the entire tenant directory), we want to
     // avoid holding the lock for the entire process.
-    {
-        let tenants_accessor = TENANTS.write().await;
-        match tenants_accessor.get(&tenant_id) {
-            Some(tenant) => match tenant.current_state() {
-                TenantState::Attaching
-                | TenantState::Loading
-                | TenantState::Broken { .. }
-                | TenantState::Active => tenant.set_stopping(),
-                TenantState::Stopping => return Err(TenantStateError::IsStopping(tenant_id)),
-            },
-            None => return Err(TenantStateError::NotFound(tenant_id)),
+    let tenant = {
+        TENANTS
+            .write()
+            .await
+            .get(&tenant_id)
+            .cloned()
+            .ok_or(TenantStateError::NotFound(tenant_id))?
+    };
+
+    let freeze_and_flush = false;
+
+    // shutdown is sure to transition tenant to stopping, and wait for all tasks to complete, so
+    // that we can continue safely to cleanup.
+    match tenant.shutdown(freeze_and_flush).await {
+        Ok(()) => {}
+        Err(super::ShutdownError::AlreadyStopping) => {
+            return Err(TenantStateError::IsStopping(tenant_id))
         }
     }
 
-    // shutdown all tenant and timeline tasks: gc, compaction, page service)
-    // No new tasks will be started for this tenant because it's in `Stopping` state.
-    // Hence, once we're done here, the `tenant_cleanup` callback can mutate tenant on-disk state freely.
-    task_mgr::shutdown_tasks(None, Some(tenant_id), None).await;
-
     match tenant_cleanup
         .await
         .with_context(|| format!("Failed to run cleanup for tenant {tenant_id}"))
@@ -565,7 +647,7 @@ where
             let tenants_accessor = TENANTS.read().await;
             match tenants_accessor.get(&tenant_id) {
                 Some(tenant) => {
-                    tenant.set_broken(e.to_string());
+                    tenant.set_broken(e.to_string()).await;
                 }
                 None => {
                     warn!("Tenant {tenant_id} got removed from memory");
@@ -631,7 +713,6 @@ pub async fn immediate_gc(
     Ok(wait_task_done)
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "testing")]
 pub async fn immediate_compact(
     tenant_id: TenantId,
     timeline_id: TimelineId,

pageserver/src/tenant/par_fsync.rs

@@ -19,14 +19,8 @@ fn parallel_worker(paths: &[PathBuf], next_path_idx: &AtomicUsize) -> io::Result
     Ok(())
 }
 
-pub fn par_fsync(paths: &[PathBuf]) -> io::Result<()> {
-    const PARALLEL_PATH_THRESHOLD: usize = 1;
-    if paths.len() <= PARALLEL_PATH_THRESHOLD {
-        for path in paths {
-            fsync_path(path)?;
-        }
-        return Ok(());
-    }
+fn fsync_in_thread_pool(paths: &[PathBuf]) -> io::Result<()> {
+    // TODO: remove this function in favor of `par_fsync_async` once we asyncify everything.
 
     /// Use at most this number of threads.
     /// Increasing this limit will
@@ -36,11 +30,11 @@ pub fn par_fsync(paths: &[PathBuf]) -> io::Result<()> {
     let num_threads = paths.len().min(MAX_NUM_THREADS);
     let next_path_idx = AtomicUsize::new(0);
 
-    crossbeam_utils::thread::scope(|s| -> io::Result<()> {
+    std::thread::scope(|s| -> io::Result<()> {
         let mut handles = vec![];
         // Spawn `num_threads - 1`, as the current thread is also a worker.
         for _ in 1..num_threads {
-            handles.push(s.spawn(|_| parallel_worker(paths, &next_path_idx)));
+            handles.push(s.spawn(|| parallel_worker(paths, &next_path_idx)));
         }
 
         parallel_worker(paths, &next_path_idx)?;
@@ -51,5 +45,41 @@ pub fn par_fsync(paths: &[PathBuf]) -> io::Result<()> {
 
         Ok(())
     })
-    .unwrap()
+}
+
+/// Parallel fsync all files. Can be used in non-async context as it is using rayon thread pool.
+pub fn par_fsync(paths: &[PathBuf]) -> io::Result<()> {
+    if paths.len() == 1 {
+        fsync_path(&paths[0])?;
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    fsync_in_thread_pool(paths)
+}
+
+/// Parallel fsync asynchronously. If number of files are less than PARALLEL_PATH_THRESHOLD, fsync is done in the current
+/// execution thread. Otherwise, we will spawn_blocking and run it in tokio.
+pub async fn par_fsync_async(paths: &[PathBuf]) -> io::Result<()> {
+    const MAX_CONCURRENT_FSYNC: usize = 64;
+    let mut next = paths.iter().peekable();
+    let mut js = tokio::task::JoinSet::new();
+    loop {
+        while js.len() < MAX_CONCURRENT_FSYNC && next.peek().is_some() {
+            let next = next.next().expect("just peeked");
+            let next = next.to_owned();
+            js.spawn_blocking(move || fsync_path(&next));
+        }
+
+        // now the joinset has been filled up, wait for next to complete
+        if let Some(res) = js.join_next().await {
+            res??;
+        } else {
+            // last item had already completed
+            assert!(
+                next.peek().is_none(),
+                "joinset emptied, we shouldn't have more work"
+            );
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+    }
 }

pageserver/src/tenant/remote_timeline_client.rs

@@ -210,13 +210,15 @@ use chrono::{NaiveDateTime, Utc};
 pub use download::{is_temp_download_file, list_remote_timelines};
 use scopeguard::ScopeGuard;
 
+use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
+use std::path::Path;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
-use remote_storage::{DownloadError, GenericRemoteStorage};
+use remote_storage::{DownloadError, GenericRemoteStorage, RemotePath};
 use std::ops::DerefMut;
 use tokio::runtime::Runtime;
-use tracing::{debug, error, info, warn};
+use tracing::{debug, error, info, instrument, warn};
 use tracing::{info_span, Instrument};
 use utils::lsn::Lsn;
 
@@ -225,7 +227,9 @@ use crate::metrics::{
     RemoteTimelineClientMetricsCallTrackSize, REMOTE_ONDEMAND_DOWNLOADED_BYTES,
     REMOTE_ONDEMAND_DOWNLOADED_LAYERS,
 };
+use crate::tenant::debug_assert_current_span_has_tenant_and_timeline_id;
 use crate::tenant::remote_timeline_client::index::LayerFileMetadata;
+use crate::tenant::upload_queue::Delete;
 use crate::{
     config::PageServerConf,
     task_mgr,
@@ -259,7 +263,7 @@ const FAILED_UPLOAD_WARN_THRESHOLD: u32 = 3;
 
 pub enum MaybeDeletedIndexPart {
     IndexPart(IndexPart),
-    Deleted,
+    Deleted(IndexPart),
 }
 
 /// Errors that can arise when calling [`RemoteTimelineClient::stop`].
@@ -361,11 +365,42 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    /// Initialize the queue in stopped state. Used in startup path
+    /// to continue deletion operation interrupted by pageserver crash or restart.
+    pub fn init_upload_queue_stopped_to_continue_deletion(
+        &self,
+        index_part: &IndexPart,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        // FIXME: consider newtype for DeletedIndexPart.
+        let deleted_at = index_part.deleted_at.ok_or(anyhow::anyhow!(
+            "bug: it is responsibility of the caller to provide index part from MaybeDeletedIndexPart::Deleted"
+        ))?;
+
+        {
+            let mut upload_queue = self.upload_queue.lock().unwrap();
+            upload_queue.initialize_with_current_remote_index_part(index_part)?;
+            self.update_remote_physical_size_gauge(Some(index_part));
+        }
+        // also locks upload queue, without dropping the guard above it will be a deadlock
+        self.stop().expect("initialized line above");
+
+        let mut upload_queue = self.upload_queue.lock().unwrap();
+
+        upload_queue
+            .stopped_mut()
+            .expect("stopped above")
+            .deleted_at = SetDeletedFlagProgress::Successful(deleted_at);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     pub fn last_uploaded_consistent_lsn(&self) -> Option<Lsn> {
         match &*self.upload_queue.lock().unwrap() {
             UploadQueue::Uninitialized => None,
             UploadQueue::Initialized(q) => Some(q.last_uploaded_consistent_lsn),
-            UploadQueue::Stopped(q) => Some(q.last_uploaded_consistent_lsn),
+            UploadQueue::Stopped(q) => {
+                Some(q.upload_queue_for_deletion.last_uploaded_consistent_lsn)
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -420,7 +455,7 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
         .await?;
 
         if index_part.deleted_at.is_some() {
-            Ok(MaybeDeletedIndexPart::Deleted)
+            Ok(MaybeDeletedIndexPart::Deleted(index_part))
         } else {
             Ok(MaybeDeletedIndexPart::IndexPart(index_part))
         }
@@ -622,7 +657,11 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
 
             // schedule the actual deletions
             for name in names {
-                let op = UploadOp::Delete(RemoteOpFileKind::Layer, name.clone());
+                let op = UploadOp::Delete(Delete {
+                    file_kind: RemoteOpFileKind::Layer,
+                    layer_file_name: name.clone(),
+                    scheduled_from_timeline_delete: false,
+                });
                 self.calls_unfinished_metric_begin(&op);
                 upload_queue.queued_operations.push_back(op);
                 info!("scheduled layer file deletion {}", name.file_name());
@@ -639,18 +678,11 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
     /// Wait for all previously scheduled uploads/deletions to complete
     ///
     pub async fn wait_completion(self: &Arc<Self>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        let (sender, mut receiver) = tokio::sync::watch::channel(());
-        let barrier_op = UploadOp::Barrier(sender);
-
-        {
+        let mut receiver = {
             let mut guard = self.upload_queue.lock().unwrap();
             let upload_queue = guard.initialized_mut()?;
-            upload_queue.queued_operations.push_back(barrier_op);
-            // Don't count this kind of operation!
-
-            // Launch the task immediately, if possible
-            self.launch_queued_tasks(upload_queue);
-        }
+            self.schedule_barrier(upload_queue)
+        };
 
         if receiver.changed().await.is_err() {
             anyhow::bail!("wait_completion aborted because upload queue was stopped");
@@ -658,6 +690,22 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    fn schedule_barrier(
+        self: &Arc<Self>,
+        upload_queue: &mut UploadQueueInitialized,
+    ) -> tokio::sync::watch::Receiver<()> {
+        let (sender, receiver) = tokio::sync::watch::channel(());
+        let barrier_op = UploadOp::Barrier(sender);
+
+        upload_queue.queued_operations.push_back(barrier_op);
+        // Don't count this kind of operation!
+
+        // Launch the task immediately, if possible
+        self.launch_queued_tasks(upload_queue);
+
+        receiver
+    }
+
     /// Set the deleted_at field in the remote index file.
     ///
     /// This fails if the upload queue has not been `stop()`ed.
@@ -665,6 +713,7 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
     /// The caller is responsible for calling `stop()` AND for waiting
     /// for any ongoing upload tasks to finish after `stop()` has succeeded.
     /// Check method [`RemoteTimelineClient::stop`] for details.
+    #[instrument(skip_all)]
     pub(crate) async fn persist_index_part_with_deleted_flag(
         self: &Arc<Self>,
     ) -> Result<(), PersistIndexPartWithDeletedFlagError> {
@@ -674,15 +723,7 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
             // We must be in stopped state because otherwise
             // we can have inprogress index part upload that can overwrite the file
             // with missing is_deleted flag that we going to set below
-            let stopped = match &mut *locked {
-                UploadQueue::Uninitialized => {
-                    return Err(anyhow::anyhow!("is not Stopped but Uninitialized").into())
-                }
-                UploadQueue::Initialized(_) => {
-                    return Err(anyhow::anyhow!("is not Stopped but Initialized").into())
-                }
-                UploadQueue::Stopped(stopped) => stopped,
-            };
+            let stopped = locked.stopped_mut()?;
 
             match stopped.deleted_at {
                 SetDeletedFlagProgress::NotRunning => (), // proceed
@@ -696,27 +737,17 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
             let deleted_at = Utc::now().naive_utc();
             stopped.deleted_at = SetDeletedFlagProgress::InProgress(deleted_at);
 
-            let mut index_part = IndexPart::new(
-                stopped.latest_files.clone(),
-                stopped.last_uploaded_consistent_lsn,
-                stopped
-                    .latest_metadata
-                    .to_bytes()
-                    .context("serialize metadata")?,
-            );
+            let mut index_part = IndexPart::try_from(&stopped.upload_queue_for_deletion)
+                .context("IndexPart serialize")?;
             index_part.deleted_at = Some(deleted_at);
             index_part
         };
 
         let undo_deleted_at = scopeguard::guard(Arc::clone(self), |self_clone| {
             let mut locked = self_clone.upload_queue.lock().unwrap();
-            let stopped = match &mut *locked {
-                UploadQueue::Uninitialized | UploadQueue::Initialized(_) => unreachable!(
-                    "there's no way out of Stopping, and we checked it's Stopping above: {:?}",
-                    locked.as_str(),
-                ),
-                UploadQueue::Stopped(stopped) => stopped,
-            };
+            let stopped = locked
+                .stopped_mut()
+                .expect("there's no way out of Stopping, and we checked it's Stopping above");
             stopped.deleted_at = SetDeletedFlagProgress::NotRunning;
         });
 
@@ -751,13 +782,10 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
         ScopeGuard::into_inner(undo_deleted_at);
         {
             let mut locked = self.upload_queue.lock().unwrap();
-            let stopped = match &mut *locked {
-                UploadQueue::Uninitialized | UploadQueue::Initialized(_) => unreachable!(
-                    "there's no way out of Stopping, and we checked it's Stopping above: {:?}",
-                    locked.as_str(),
-                ),
-                UploadQueue::Stopped(stopped) => stopped,
-            };
+
+            let stopped = locked
+                .stopped_mut()
+                .expect("there's no way out of Stopping, and we checked it's Stopping above");
             stopped.deleted_at = SetDeletedFlagProgress::Successful(
                 index_part_with_deleted_at
                     .deleted_at
@@ -768,6 +796,92 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    /// Prerequisites: UploadQueue should be in stopped state and deleted_at should be successfuly set.
+    /// The function deletes layer files one by one, then lists the prefix to see if we leaked something
+    /// deletes leaked files if any and proceeds with deletion of index file at the end.
+    pub(crate) async fn delete_all(self: &Arc<Self>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        debug_assert_current_span_has_tenant_and_timeline_id();
+
+        let (mut receiver, deletions_queued) = {
+            let mut deletions_queued = 0;
+
+            let mut locked = self.upload_queue.lock().unwrap();
+            let stopped = locked.stopped_mut()?;
+
+            if !matches!(stopped.deleted_at, SetDeletedFlagProgress::Successful(_)) {
+                anyhow::bail!("deleted_at is not set")
+            }
+
+            debug_assert!(stopped.upload_queue_for_deletion.no_pending_work());
+
+            stopped
+                .upload_queue_for_deletion
+                .queued_operations
+                .reserve(stopped.upload_queue_for_deletion.latest_files.len());
+
+            // schedule the actual deletions
+            for name in stopped.upload_queue_for_deletion.latest_files.keys() {
+                let op = UploadOp::Delete(Delete {
+                    file_kind: RemoteOpFileKind::Layer,
+                    layer_file_name: name.clone(),
+                    scheduled_from_timeline_delete: true,
+                });
+                self.calls_unfinished_metric_begin(&op);
+                stopped
+                    .upload_queue_for_deletion
+                    .queued_operations
+                    .push_back(op);
+
+                info!("scheduled layer file deletion {}", name.file_name());
+                deletions_queued += 1;
+            }
+
+            self.launch_queued_tasks(&mut stopped.upload_queue_for_deletion);
+
+            (
+                self.schedule_barrier(&mut stopped.upload_queue_for_deletion),
+                deletions_queued,
+            )
+        };
+
+        receiver.changed().await?;
+
+        // Do not delete index part yet, it is needed for possible retry. If we remove it first
+        // and retry will arrive to different pageserver there wont be any traces of it on remote storage
+        let timeline_path = self.conf.timeline_path(&self.timeline_id, &self.tenant_id);
+        let timeline_storage_path = self.conf.remote_path(&timeline_path)?;
+
+        let remaining = self
+            .storage_impl
+            .list_prefixes(Some(&timeline_storage_path))
+            .await?;
+
+        let remaining: Vec<RemotePath> = remaining
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter(|p| p.object_name() != Some(IndexPart::FILE_NAME))
+            .collect();
+
+        if !remaining.is_empty() {
+            warn!(
+                "Found {} files not bound to index_file.json, proceeding with their deletion",
+                remaining.len()
+            );
+            for file in remaining {
+                warn!("Removing {}", file.object_name().unwrap_or_default());
+                self.storage_impl.delete(&file).await?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        let index_file_path = timeline_storage_path.join(Path::new(IndexPart::FILE_NAME));
+
+        debug!("deleting index part");
+        self.storage_impl.delete(&index_file_path).await?;
+
+        info!(deletions_queued, "done deleting, including index_part.json");
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     ///
     /// Pick next tasks from the queue, and start as many of them as possible without violating
     /// the ordering constraints.
@@ -786,7 +900,7 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
                     // have finished.
                     upload_queue.inprogress_tasks.is_empty()
                 }
-                UploadOp::Delete(_, _) => {
+                UploadOp::Delete(_) => {
                     // Wait for preceding uploads to finish. Concurrent deletions are OK, though.
                     upload_queue.num_inprogress_deletions == upload_queue.inprogress_tasks.len()
                 }
@@ -817,7 +931,7 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
                 UploadOp::UploadMetadata(_, _) => {
                     upload_queue.num_inprogress_metadata_uploads += 1;
                 }
-                UploadOp::Delete(_, _) => {
+                UploadOp::Delete(_) => {
                     upload_queue.num_inprogress_deletions += 1;
                 }
                 UploadOp::Barrier(sender) => {
@@ -891,7 +1005,6 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
                         unreachable!("we never launch an upload task if the queue is uninitialized, and once it is initialized, we never go back")
                     }
                 }
-                self.calls_unfinished_metric_end(&task.op);
                 return;
             }
 
@@ -937,16 +1050,16 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
                     }
                     res
                 }
-                UploadOp::Delete(metric_file_kind, ref layer_file_name) => {
+                UploadOp::Delete(delete) => {
                     let path = &self
                         .conf
                         .timeline_path(&self.timeline_id, &self.tenant_id)
-                        .join(layer_file_name.file_name());
+                        .join(delete.layer_file_name.file_name());
                     delete::delete_layer(self.conf, &self.storage_impl, path)
                         .measure_remote_op(
                             self.tenant_id,
                             self.timeline_id,
-                            *metric_file_kind,
+                            delete.file_kind,
                             RemoteOpKind::Delete,
                             Arc::clone(&self.metrics),
                         )
@@ -1012,11 +1125,24 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
             let mut upload_queue_guard = self.upload_queue.lock().unwrap();
             let upload_queue = match upload_queue_guard.deref_mut() {
                 UploadQueue::Uninitialized => panic!("callers are responsible for ensuring this is only called on an initialized queue"),
-                UploadQueue::Stopped(_) => {
+                UploadQueue::Stopped(stopped) => {
+                    // Special care is needed for deletions, if it was an earlier deletion (not scheduled from deletion)
+                    // then stop() took care of it so we just return.
+                    // For deletions that come from delete_all we still want to maintain metrics, launch following tasks, etc.
+                    match &task.op {
+                        UploadOp::Delete(delete) if delete.scheduled_from_timeline_delete => Some(&mut stopped.upload_queue_for_deletion),
+                        _ => None
+                    }
+                },
+                UploadQueue::Initialized(qi) => { Some(qi) }
+            };
+
+            let upload_queue = match upload_queue {
+                Some(upload_queue) => upload_queue,
+                None => {
                     info!("another concurrent task already stopped the queue");
                     return;
-                }, // nothing to do
-                UploadQueue::Initialized(qi) => { qi }
+                }
             };
 
             upload_queue.inprogress_tasks.remove(&task.task_id);
@@ -1029,7 +1155,7 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
                     upload_queue.num_inprogress_metadata_uploads -= 1;
                     upload_queue.last_uploaded_consistent_lsn = lsn; // XXX monotonicity check?
                 }
-                UploadOp::Delete(_, _) => {
+                UploadOp::Delete(_) => {
                     upload_queue.num_inprogress_deletions -= 1;
                 }
                 UploadOp::Barrier(_) => unreachable!(),
@@ -1063,8 +1189,8 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
                     reason: "metadata uploads are tiny",
                 },
             ),
-            UploadOp::Delete(file_kind, _) => (
-                *file_kind,
+            UploadOp::Delete(delete) => (
+                delete.file_kind,
                 RemoteOpKind::Delete,
                 DontTrackSize {
                     reason: "should we track deletes? positive or negative sign?",
@@ -1111,32 +1237,36 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
                 info!("another concurrent task already shut down the queue");
                 Ok(())
             }
-            UploadQueue::Initialized(UploadQueueInitialized {
-                latest_files,
-                latest_metadata,
-                last_uploaded_consistent_lsn,
-                ..
-            }) => {
+            UploadQueue::Initialized(initialized) => {
                 info!("shutting down upload queue");
 
                 // Replace the queue with the Stopped state, taking ownership of the old
                 // Initialized queue. We will do some checks on it, and then drop it.
                 let qi = {
-                    // take or clone what we need
-                    let latest_files = std::mem::take(latest_files);
-                    let last_uploaded_consistent_lsn = *last_uploaded_consistent_lsn;
-                    // this could be Copy
-                    let latest_metadata = latest_metadata.clone();
-
-                    let stopped = UploadQueueStopped {
-                        latest_files,
-                        last_uploaded_consistent_lsn,
-                        latest_metadata,
-                        deleted_at: SetDeletedFlagProgress::NotRunning,
+                    // Here we preserve working version of the upload queue for possible use during deletions.
+                    // In-place replace of Initialized to Stopped can be done with the help of https://github.com/Sgeo/take_mut
+                    // but for this use case it doesnt really makes sense to bring unsafe code only for this usage point.
+                    // Deletion is not really perf sensitive so there shouldnt be any problems with cloning a fraction of it.
+                    let upload_queue_for_deletion = UploadQueueInitialized {
+                        task_counter: 0,
+                        latest_files: initialized.latest_files.clone(),
+                        latest_files_changes_since_metadata_upload_scheduled: 0,
+                        latest_metadata: initialized.latest_metadata.clone(),
+                        last_uploaded_consistent_lsn: initialized.last_uploaded_consistent_lsn,
+                        num_inprogress_layer_uploads: 0,
+                        num_inprogress_metadata_uploads: 0,
+                        num_inprogress_deletions: 0,
+                        inprogress_tasks: HashMap::default(),
+                        queued_operations: VecDeque::default(),
                     };
 
-                    let upload_queue =
-                        std::mem::replace(&mut *guard, UploadQueue::Stopped(stopped));
+                    let upload_queue = std::mem::replace(
+                        &mut *guard,
+                        UploadQueue::Stopped(UploadQueueStopped {
+                            upload_queue_for_deletion,
+                            deleted_at: SetDeletedFlagProgress::NotRunning,
+                        }),
+                    );
                     if let UploadQueue::Initialized(qi) = upload_queue {
                         qi
                     } else {
@@ -1144,8 +1274,6 @@ impl RemoteTimelineClient {
                     }
                 };
 
-                assert!(qi.latest_files.is_empty(), "do not use this anymore");
-
                 // consistency check
                 assert_eq!(
                     qi.num_inprogress_layer_uploads
@@ -1264,9 +1392,7 @@ mod tests {
             let harness = TenantHarness::create(test_name)?;
             let (tenant, ctx) = runtime.block_on(harness.load());
             // create an empty timeline directory
-            let timeline =
-                tenant.create_empty_timeline(TIMELINE_ID, Lsn(0), DEFAULT_PG_VERSION, &ctx)?;
-            let _ = timeline.initialize(&ctx).unwrap();
+            let _ = tenant.create_test_timeline(TIMELINE_ID, Lsn(8), DEFAULT_PG_VERSION, &ctx)?;
 
             let remote_fs_dir = harness.conf.workdir.join("remote_fs");
             std::fs::create_dir_all(remote_fs_dir)?;
@@ -1410,7 +1536,7 @@ mod tests {
         // Download back the index.json, and check that the list of files is correct
         let index_part = match runtime.block_on(client.download_index_file())? {
             MaybeDeletedIndexPart::IndexPart(index_part) => index_part,
-            MaybeDeletedIndexPart::Deleted => panic!("unexpectedly got deleted index part"),
+            MaybeDeletedIndexPart::Deleted(_) => panic!("unexpectedly got deleted index part"),
         };
 
         assert_file_list(

pageserver/src/tenant/remote_timeline_client/index.rs

@@ -7,9 +7,11 @@ use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use chrono::NaiveDateTime;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
+use utils::bin_ser::SerializeError;
 
 use crate::tenant::metadata::TimelineMetadata;
 use crate::tenant::storage_layer::LayerFileName;
+use crate::tenant::upload_queue::UploadQueueInitialized;
 
 use utils::lsn::Lsn;
 
@@ -115,6 +117,21 @@ impl IndexPart {
     }
 }
 
+impl TryFrom<&UploadQueueInitialized> for IndexPart {
+    type Error = SerializeError;
+
+    fn try_from(upload_queue: &UploadQueueInitialized) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let disk_consistent_lsn = upload_queue.latest_metadata.disk_consistent_lsn();
+        let metadata_bytes = upload_queue.latest_metadata.to_bytes()?;
+
+        Ok(Self::new(
+            upload_queue.latest_files.clone(),
+            disk_consistent_lsn,
+            metadata_bytes,
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
 /// Serialized form of [`LayerFileMetadata`].
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
 pub struct IndexLayerMetadata {

pageserver/src/tenant/size.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
 use crate::context::RequestContext;
 use crate::pgdatadir_mapping::CalculateLogicalSizeError;
 
-use super::Tenant;
+use super::{LogicalSizeCalculationCause, Tenant};
 use crate::tenant::Timeline;
 use utils::id::TimelineId;
 use utils::lsn::Lsn;
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ pub(super) async fn gather_inputs(
     limit: &Arc<Semaphore>,
     max_retention_period: Option<u64>,
     logical_size_cache: &mut HashMap<(TimelineId, Lsn), u64>,
+    cause: LogicalSizeCalculationCause,
     ctx: &RequestContext,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<ModelInputs> {
     // refresh is needed to update gc related pitr_cutoff and horizon_cutoff
@@ -318,7 +319,15 @@ pub(super) async fn gather_inputs(
 
     // We left the 'size' field empty in all of the Segments so far.
     // Now find logical sizes for all of the points that might need or benefit from them.
-    fill_logical_sizes(&timelines, &mut segments, limit, logical_size_cache, ctx).await?;
+    fill_logical_sizes(
+        &timelines,
+        &mut segments,
+        limit,
+        logical_size_cache,
+        cause,
+        ctx,
+    )
+    .await?;
 
     Ok(ModelInputs {
         segments,
@@ -336,6 +345,7 @@ async fn fill_logical_sizes(
     segments: &mut [SegmentMeta],
     limit: &Arc<Semaphore>,
     logical_size_cache: &mut HashMap<(TimelineId, Lsn), u64>,
+    cause: LogicalSizeCalculationCause,
     ctx: &RequestContext,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let timeline_hash: HashMap<TimelineId, Arc<Timeline>> = HashMap::from_iter(
@@ -373,13 +383,17 @@ async fn fill_logical_sizes(
                 let timeline = Arc::clone(timeline_hash.get(&timeline_id).unwrap());
                 let parallel_size_calcs = Arc::clone(limit);
                 let ctx = ctx.attached_child();
-                joinset.spawn(calculate_logical_size(
-                    parallel_size_calcs,
-                    timeline,
-                    lsn,
-                    ctx,
-                    cancel.child_token(),
-                ));
+                joinset.spawn(
+                    calculate_logical_size(
+                        parallel_size_calcs,
+                        timeline,
+                        lsn,
+                        cause,
+                        ctx,
+                        cancel.child_token(),
+                    )
+                    .in_current_span(),
+                );
             }
             e.insert(cached_size);
         }
@@ -482,6 +496,7 @@ async fn calculate_logical_size(
     limit: Arc<tokio::sync::Semaphore>,
     timeline: Arc<crate::tenant::Timeline>,
     lsn: utils::lsn::Lsn,
+    cause: LogicalSizeCalculationCause,
     ctx: RequestContext,
     cancel: CancellationToken,
 ) -> Result<TimelineAtLsnSizeResult, RecvError> {
@@ -490,7 +505,7 @@ async fn calculate_logical_size(
         .expect("global semaphore should not had been closed");
 
     let size_res = timeline
-        .spawn_ondemand_logical_size_calculation(lsn, ctx, cancel)
+        .spawn_ondemand_logical_size_calculation(lsn, cause, ctx, cancel)
         .instrument(info_span!("spawn_ondemand_logical_size_calculation"))
         .await?;
     Ok(TimelineAtLsnSizeResult(timeline, lsn, size_res))

pageserver/src/tenant/storage_layer.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ pub mod delta_layer;
 mod filename;
 mod image_layer;
 mod inmemory_layer;
+mod layer_desc;
 mod remote_layer;
 
 use crate::config::PageServerConf;
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ pub use delta_layer::{DeltaLayer, DeltaLayerWriter};
 pub use filename::{DeltaFileName, ImageFileName, LayerFileName};
 pub use image_layer::{ImageLayer, ImageLayerWriter};
 pub use inmemory_layer::InMemoryLayer;
+pub use layer_desc::{PersistentLayerDesc, PersistentLayerKey};
 pub use remote_layer::RemoteLayer;
 
 use super::layer_map::BatchedUpdates;
@@ -406,14 +408,23 @@ pub type LayerKeyIter<'i> = Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (Key, Lsn, u64)> + 'i>;
 /// An image layer is a snapshot of all the data in a key-range, at a single
 /// LSN.
 pub trait PersistentLayer: Layer {
-    fn get_tenant_id(&self) -> TenantId;
+    /// Get the layer descriptor.
+    fn layer_desc(&self) -> &PersistentLayerDesc;
+
+    fn get_tenant_id(&self) -> TenantId {
+        self.layer_desc().tenant_id
+    }
 
     /// Identify the timeline this layer belongs to
-    fn get_timeline_id(&self) -> TimelineId;
+    fn get_timeline_id(&self) -> TimelineId {
+        self.layer_desc().timeline_id
+    }
 
     /// File name used for this layer, both in the pageserver's local filesystem
     /// state as well as in the remote storage.
-    fn filename(&self) -> LayerFileName;
+    fn filename(&self) -> LayerFileName {
+        self.layer_desc().filename()
+    }
 
     // Path to the layer file in the local filesystem.
     // `None` for `RemoteLayer`.
@@ -443,7 +454,9 @@ pub trait PersistentLayer: Layer {
     ///
     /// Should not change over the lifetime of the layer object because
     /// current_physical_size is computed as the som of this value.
-    fn file_size(&self) -> u64;
+    fn file_size(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.layer_desc().file_size
+    }
 
     fn info(&self, reset: LayerAccessStatsReset) -> HistoricLayerInfo;
 
@@ -472,6 +485,20 @@ pub struct LayerDescriptor {
     pub short_id: String,
 }
 
+impl LayerDescriptor {
+    /// `LayerDescriptor` is only used for testing purpose so it does not matter whether it is image / delta,
+    /// and the tenant / timeline id does not matter.
+    pub fn get_persistent_layer_desc(&self) -> PersistentLayerDesc {
+        PersistentLayerDesc::new_delta(
+            TenantId::from_array([0; 16]),
+            TimelineId::from_array([0; 16]),
+            self.key.clone(),
+            self.lsn.clone(),
+            233,
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 impl Layer for LayerDescriptor {
     fn get_key_range(&self) -> Range<Key> {
         self.key.clone()
@@ -542,7 +569,7 @@ impl From<LayerFileName> for LayerDescriptor {
 ///
 /// This is used by DeltaLayer and ImageLayer. Normally, this holds a reference to the
 /// global config, and paths to layer files are constructed using the tenant/timeline
-/// path from the config. But in the 'pageserver_binutils' binary, we need to construct a Layer
+/// path from the config. But in the 'pagectl' binary, we need to construct a Layer
 /// struct for a file on disk, without having a page server running, so that we have no
 /// config. In that case, we use the Path variant to hold the full path to the file on
 /// disk.

pageserver/src/tenant/storage_layer/delta_layer.rs

@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ use utils::{
 };
 
 use super::{
-    DeltaFileName, Layer, LayerAccessStats, LayerAccessStatsReset, LayerFileName, LayerIter,
-    LayerKeyIter, PathOrConf,
+    DeltaFileName, Layer, LayerAccessStats, LayerAccessStatsReset, LayerIter, LayerKeyIter,
+    PathOrConf, PersistentLayerDesc,
 };
 
 ///
@@ -89,10 +89,10 @@ impl From<&DeltaLayer> for Summary {
             magic: DELTA_FILE_MAGIC,
             format_version: STORAGE_FORMAT_VERSION,
 
-            tenant_id: layer.tenant_id,
-            timeline_id: layer.timeline_id,
-            key_range: layer.key_range.clone(),
-            lsn_range: layer.lsn_range.clone(),
+            tenant_id: layer.desc.tenant_id,
+            timeline_id: layer.desc.timeline_id,
+            key_range: layer.desc.key_range.clone(),
+            lsn_range: layer.desc.lsn_range.clone(),
 
             index_start_blk: 0,
             index_root_blk: 0,
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ const WILL_INIT: u64 = 1;
 /// reading/deserializing records themselves.
 ///
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Copy, Clone)]
-struct BlobRef(u64);
+pub struct BlobRef(pub u64);
 
 impl BlobRef {
     pub fn will_init(&self) -> bool {
@@ -180,12 +180,7 @@ impl DeltaKey {
 pub struct DeltaLayer {
     path_or_conf: PathOrConf,
 
-    pub tenant_id: TenantId,
-    pub timeline_id: TimelineId,
-    pub key_range: Range<Key>,
-    pub lsn_range: Range<Lsn>,
-
-    pub file_size: u64,
+    pub desc: PersistentLayerDesc,
 
     access_stats: LayerAccessStats,
 
@@ -197,9 +192,9 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for DeltaLayer {
         use super::RangeDisplayDebug;
 
         f.debug_struct("DeltaLayer")
-            .field("key_range", &RangeDisplayDebug(&self.key_range))
-            .field("lsn_range", &self.lsn_range)
-            .field("file_size", &self.file_size)
+            .field("key_range", &RangeDisplayDebug(&self.desc.key_range))
+            .field("lsn_range", &self.desc.lsn_range)
+            .field("file_size", &self.desc.file_size)
             .field("inner", &self.inner)
             .finish()
     }
@@ -228,30 +223,16 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for DeltaLayerInner {
 }
 
 impl Layer for DeltaLayer {
-    fn get_key_range(&self) -> Range<Key> {
-        self.key_range.clone()
-    }
-
-    fn get_lsn_range(&self) -> Range<Lsn> {
-        self.lsn_range.clone()
-    }
-    fn is_incremental(&self) -> bool {
-        true
-    }
-
-    fn short_id(&self) -> String {
-        self.filename().file_name()
-    }
     /// debugging function to print out the contents of the layer
     fn dump(&self, verbose: bool, ctx: &RequestContext) -> Result<()> {
         println!(
             "----- delta layer for ten {} tli {} keys {}-{} lsn {}-{} ----",
-            self.tenant_id,
-            self.timeline_id,
-            self.key_range.start,
-            self.key_range.end,
-            self.lsn_range.start,
-            self.lsn_range.end
+            self.desc.tenant_id,
+            self.desc.timeline_id,
+            self.desc.key_range.start,
+            self.desc.key_range.end,
+            self.desc.lsn_range.start,
+            self.desc.lsn_range.end
         );
 
         if !verbose {
@@ -324,10 +305,10 @@ impl Layer for DeltaLayer {
         reconstruct_state: &mut ValueReconstructState,
         ctx: &RequestContext,
     ) -> anyhow::Result<ValueReconstructResult> {
-        ensure!(lsn_range.start >= self.lsn_range.start);
+        ensure!(lsn_range.start >= self.desc.lsn_range.start);
         let mut need_image = true;
 
-        ensure!(self.key_range.contains(&key));
+        ensure!(self.desc.key_range.contains(&key));
 
         {
             // Open the file and lock the metadata in memory
@@ -402,19 +383,31 @@ impl Layer for DeltaLayer {
             Ok(ValueReconstructResult::Complete)
         }
     }
+
+    /// Boilerplate to implement the Layer trait, always use layer_desc for persistent layers.
+    fn get_key_range(&self) -> Range<Key> {
+        self.layer_desc().key_range.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// Boilerplate to implement the Layer trait, always use layer_desc for persistent layers.
+    fn get_lsn_range(&self) -> Range<Lsn> {
+        self.layer_desc().lsn_range.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// Boilerplate to implement the Layer trait, always use layer_desc for persistent layers.
+    fn is_incremental(&self) -> bool {
+        self.layer_desc().is_incremental
+    }
+
+    /// Boilerplate to implement the Layer trait, always use layer_desc for persistent layers.
+    fn short_id(&self) -> String {
+        self.layer_desc().short_id()
+    }
 }
 
 impl PersistentLayer for DeltaLayer {
-    fn get_tenant_id(&self) -> TenantId {
-        self.tenant_id
-    }
-
-    fn get_timeline_id(&self) -> TimelineId {
-        self.timeline_id
-    }
-
-    fn filename(&self) -> LayerFileName {
-        self.layer_name().into()
+    fn layer_desc(&self) -> &PersistentLayerDesc {
+        &self.desc
     }
 
     fn local_path(&self) -> Option<PathBuf> {
@@ -444,10 +437,6 @@ impl PersistentLayer for DeltaLayer {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn file_size(&self) -> u64 {
-        self.file_size
-    }
-
     fn info(&self, reset: LayerAccessStatsReset) -> HistoricLayerInfo {
         let layer_file_name = self.filename().file_name();
         let lsn_range = self.get_lsn_range();
@@ -456,7 +445,7 @@ impl PersistentLayer for DeltaLayer {
 
         HistoricLayerInfo::Delta {
             layer_file_name,
-            layer_file_size: self.file_size,
+            layer_file_size: self.desc.file_size,
             lsn_start: lsn_range.start,
             lsn_end: lsn_range.end,
             remote: false,
@@ -602,11 +591,13 @@ impl DeltaLayer {
     ) -> DeltaLayer {
         DeltaLayer {
             path_or_conf: PathOrConf::Conf(conf),
-            timeline_id,
-            tenant_id,
-            key_range: filename.key_range.clone(),
-            lsn_range: filename.lsn_range.clone(),
-            file_size,
+            desc: PersistentLayerDesc::new_delta(
+                tenant_id,
+                timeline_id,
+                filename.key_range.clone(),
+                filename.lsn_range.clone(),
+                file_size,
+            ),
             access_stats,
             inner: RwLock::new(DeltaLayerInner {
                 loaded: false,
@@ -619,7 +610,7 @@ impl DeltaLayer {
 
     /// Create a DeltaLayer struct representing an existing file on disk.
     ///
-    /// This variant is only used for debugging purposes, by the 'pageserver_binutils' binary.
+    /// This variant is only used for debugging purposes, by the 'pagectl' binary.
     pub fn new_for_path(path: &Path, file: File) -> Result<Self> {
         let mut summary_buf = Vec::new();
         summary_buf.resize(PAGE_SZ, 0);
@@ -632,11 +623,13 @@ impl DeltaLayer {
 
         Ok(DeltaLayer {
             path_or_conf: PathOrConf::Path(path.to_path_buf()),
-            timeline_id: summary.timeline_id,
-            tenant_id: summary.tenant_id,
-            key_range: summary.key_range,
-            lsn_range: summary.lsn_range,
-            file_size: metadata.len(),
+            desc: PersistentLayerDesc::new_delta(
+                summary.tenant_id,
+                summary.timeline_id,
+                summary.key_range,
+                summary.lsn_range,
+                metadata.len(),
+            ),
             access_stats: LayerAccessStats::empty_will_record_residence_event_later(),
             inner: RwLock::new(DeltaLayerInner {
                 loaded: false,
@@ -648,18 +641,14 @@ impl DeltaLayer {
     }
 
     fn layer_name(&self) -> DeltaFileName {
-        DeltaFileName {
-            key_range: self.key_range.clone(),
-            lsn_range: self.lsn_range.clone(),
-        }
+        self.desc.delta_file_name()
     }
-
     /// Path to the layer file in pageserver workdir.
     pub fn path(&self) -> PathBuf {
         Self::path_for(
             &self.path_or_conf,
-            self.timeline_id,
-            self.tenant_id,
+            self.desc.timeline_id,
+            self.desc.tenant_id,
             &self.layer_name(),
         )
     }
@@ -803,11 +792,13 @@ impl DeltaLayerWriterInner {
         // set inner.file here. The first read will have to re-open it.
         let layer = DeltaLayer {
             path_or_conf: PathOrConf::Conf(self.conf),
-            tenant_id: self.tenant_id,
-            timeline_id: self.timeline_id,
-            key_range: self.key_start..key_end,
-            lsn_range: self.lsn_range.clone(),
-            file_size: metadata.len(),
+            desc: PersistentLayerDesc::new_delta(
+                self.tenant_id,
+                self.timeline_id,
+                self.key_start..key_end,
+                self.lsn_range.clone(),
+                metadata.len(),
+            ),
             access_stats: LayerAccessStats::empty_will_record_residence_event_later(),
             inner: RwLock::new(DeltaLayerInner {
                 loaded: false,

pageserver/src/tenant/storage_layer/filename.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use utils::lsn::Lsn;
 
+use super::PersistentLayerDesc;
+
 // Note: Timeline::load_layer_map() relies on this sort order
 #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Hash)]
 pub struct DeltaFileName {
@@ -153,7 +155,7 @@ impl Ord for ImageFileName {
 impl ImageFileName {
     pub fn lsn_as_range(&self) -> Range<Lsn> {
         // Saves from having to copypaste this all over
-        self.lsn..(self.lsn + 1)
+        PersistentLayerDesc::image_layer_lsn_range(self.lsn)
     }
 }
 

pageserver/src/tenant/storage_layer/image_layer.rs

@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ use utils::{
     lsn::Lsn,
 };
 
-use super::filename::{ImageFileName, LayerFileName};
-use super::{Layer, LayerAccessStatsReset, LayerIter, PathOrConf};
+use super::filename::ImageFileName;
+use super::{Layer, LayerAccessStatsReset, LayerIter, PathOrConf, PersistentLayerDesc};
 
 ///
 /// Header stored in the beginning of the file
@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ impl From<&ImageLayer> for Summary {
         Self {
             magic: IMAGE_FILE_MAGIC,
             format_version: STORAGE_FORMAT_VERSION,
-            tenant_id: layer.tenant_id,
-            timeline_id: layer.timeline_id,
-            key_range: layer.key_range.clone(),
+            tenant_id: layer.desc.tenant_id,
+            timeline_id: layer.desc.timeline_id,
+            key_range: layer.desc.key_range.clone(),
             lsn: layer.lsn,
 
             index_start_blk: 0,
@@ -104,12 +104,9 @@ impl From<&ImageLayer> for Summary {
 /// and it needs to be loaded before using it in queries.
 pub struct ImageLayer {
     path_or_conf: PathOrConf,
-    pub tenant_id: TenantId,
-    pub timeline_id: TimelineId,
-    pub key_range: Range<Key>,
-    pub file_size: u64,
 
-    // This entry contains an image of all pages as of this LSN
+    pub desc: PersistentLayerDesc,
+    // This entry contains an image of all pages as of this LSN, should be the same as desc.lsn
     pub lsn: Lsn,
 
     access_stats: LayerAccessStats,
@@ -122,8 +119,8 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for ImageLayer {
         use super::RangeDisplayDebug;
 
         f.debug_struct("ImageLayer")
-            .field("key_range", &RangeDisplayDebug(&self.key_range))
-            .field("file_size", &self.file_size)
+            .field("key_range", &RangeDisplayDebug(&self.desc.key_range))
+            .field("file_size", &self.desc.file_size)
             .field("lsn", &self.lsn)
             .field("inner", &self.inner)
             .finish()
@@ -153,27 +150,15 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for ImageLayerInner {
 }
 
 impl Layer for ImageLayer {
-    fn get_key_range(&self) -> Range<Key> {
-        self.key_range.clone()
-    }
-
-    fn get_lsn_range(&self) -> Range<Lsn> {
-        // End-bound is exclusive
-        self.lsn..(self.lsn + 1)
-    }
-    fn is_incremental(&self) -> bool {
-        false
-    }
-
-    fn short_id(&self) -> String {
-        self.filename().file_name()
-    }
-
     /// debugging function to print out the contents of the layer
     fn dump(&self, verbose: bool, ctx: &RequestContext) -> Result<()> {
         println!(
             "----- image layer for ten {} tli {} key {}-{} at {} ----",
-            self.tenant_id, self.timeline_id, self.key_range.start, self.key_range.end, self.lsn
+            self.desc.tenant_id,
+            self.desc.timeline_id,
+            self.desc.key_range.start,
+            self.desc.key_range.end,
+            self.lsn
         );
 
         if !verbose {
@@ -203,7 +188,7 @@ impl Layer for ImageLayer {
         reconstruct_state: &mut ValueReconstructState,
         ctx: &RequestContext,
     ) -> anyhow::Result<ValueReconstructResult> {
-        assert!(self.key_range.contains(&key));
+        assert!(self.desc.key_range.contains(&key));
         assert!(lsn_range.start >= self.lsn);
         assert!(lsn_range.end >= self.lsn);
 
@@ -230,24 +215,37 @@ impl Layer for ImageLayer {
             Ok(ValueReconstructResult::Missing)
         }
     }
+
+    /// Boilerplate to implement the Layer trait, always use layer_desc for persistent layers.
+    fn get_key_range(&self) -> Range<Key> {
+        self.layer_desc().key_range.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// Boilerplate to implement the Layer trait, always use layer_desc for persistent layers.
+    fn get_lsn_range(&self) -> Range<Lsn> {
+        self.layer_desc().lsn_range.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// Boilerplate to implement the Layer trait, always use layer_desc for persistent layers.
+    fn is_incremental(&self) -> bool {
+        self.layer_desc().is_incremental
+    }
+
+    /// Boilerplate to implement the Layer trait, always use layer_desc for persistent layers.
+    fn short_id(&self) -> String {
+        self.layer_desc().short_id()
+    }
 }
 
 impl PersistentLayer for ImageLayer {
-    fn filename(&self) -> LayerFileName {
-        self.layer_name().into()
+    fn layer_desc(&self) -> &PersistentLayerDesc {
+        &self.desc
     }
 
     fn local_path(&self) -> Option<PathBuf> {
         Some(self.path())
     }
 
-    fn get_tenant_id(&self) -> TenantId {
-        self.tenant_id
-    }
-
-    fn get_timeline_id(&self) -> TimelineId {
-        self.timeline_id
-    }
     fn iter(&self, _ctx: &RequestContext) -> Result<LayerIter<'_>> {
         unimplemented!();
     }
@@ -258,17 +256,13 @@ impl PersistentLayer for ImageLayer {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn file_size(&self) -> u64 {
-        self.file_size
-    }
-
     fn info(&self, reset: LayerAccessStatsReset) -> HistoricLayerInfo {
         let layer_file_name = self.filename().file_name();
         let lsn_range = self.get_lsn_range();
 
         HistoricLayerInfo::Image {
             layer_file_name,
-            layer_file_size: self.file_size,
+            layer_file_size: self.desc.file_size,
             lsn_start: lsn_range.start,
             remote: false,
             access_stats: self.access_stats.as_api_model(reset),
@@ -405,11 +399,15 @@ impl ImageLayer {
     ) -> ImageLayer {
         ImageLayer {
             path_or_conf: PathOrConf::Conf(conf),
-            timeline_id,
-            tenant_id,
-            key_range: filename.key_range.clone(),
+            desc: PersistentLayerDesc::new_img(
+                tenant_id,
+                timeline_id,
+                filename.key_range.clone(),
+                filename.lsn,
+                false,
+                file_size,
+            ), // Now we assume image layer ALWAYS covers the full range. This may change in the future.
             lsn: filename.lsn,
-            file_size,
             access_stats,
             inner: RwLock::new(ImageLayerInner {
                 loaded: false,
@@ -422,7 +420,7 @@ impl ImageLayer {
 
     /// Create an ImageLayer struct representing an existing file on disk.
     ///
-    /// This variant is only used for debugging purposes, by the 'pageserver_binutils' binary.
+    /// This variant is only used for debugging purposes, by the 'pagectl' binary.
     pub fn new_for_path(path: &Path, file: File) -> Result<ImageLayer> {
         let mut summary_buf = Vec::new();
         summary_buf.resize(PAGE_SZ, 0);
@@ -433,11 +431,15 @@ impl ImageLayer {
             .context("get file metadata to determine size")?;
         Ok(ImageLayer {
             path_or_conf: PathOrConf::Path(path.to_path_buf()),
-            timeline_id: summary.timeline_id,
-            tenant_id: summary.tenant_id,
-            key_range: summary.key_range,
+            desc: PersistentLayerDesc::new_img(
+                summary.tenant_id,
+                summary.timeline_id,
+                summary.key_range,
+                summary.lsn,
+                false,
+                metadata.len(),
+            ), // Now we assume image layer ALWAYS covers the full range. This may change in the future.
             lsn: summary.lsn,
-            file_size: metadata.len(),
             access_stats: LayerAccessStats::empty_will_record_residence_event_later(),
             inner: RwLock::new(ImageLayerInner {
                 file: None,
@@ -449,18 +451,15 @@ impl ImageLayer {
     }
 
     fn layer_name(&self) -> ImageFileName {
-        ImageFileName {
-            key_range: self.key_range.clone(),
-            lsn: self.lsn,
-        }
+        self.desc.image_file_name()
     }
 
     /// Path to the layer file in pageserver workdir.
     pub fn path(&self) -> PathBuf {
         Self::path_for(
             &self.path_or_conf,
-            self.timeline_id,
-            self.tenant_id,
+            self.desc.timeline_id,
+            self.desc.tenant_id,
             &self.layer_name(),
         )
     }
@@ -484,6 +483,7 @@ struct ImageLayerWriterInner {
     tenant_id: TenantId,
     key_range: Range<Key>,
     lsn: Lsn,
+    is_incremental: bool,
 
     blob_writer: WriteBlobWriter<VirtualFile>,
     tree: DiskBtreeBuilder<BlockBuf, KEY_SIZE>,
@@ -499,6 +499,7 @@ impl ImageLayerWriterInner {
         tenant_id: TenantId,
         key_range: &Range<Key>,
         lsn: Lsn,
+        is_incremental: bool,
     ) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
         // Create the file initially with a temporary filename.
         // We'll atomically rename it to the final name when we're done.
@@ -533,6 +534,7 @@ impl ImageLayerWriterInner {
             lsn,
             tree: tree_builder,
             blob_writer,
+            is_incremental,
         };
 
         Ok(writer)
@@ -588,16 +590,22 @@ impl ImageLayerWriterInner {
             .metadata()
             .context("get metadata to determine file size")?;
 
+        let desc = PersistentLayerDesc::new_img(
+            self.tenant_id,
+            self.timeline_id,
+            self.key_range.clone(),
+            self.lsn,
+            self.is_incremental, // for now, image layer ALWAYS covers the full range
+            metadata.len(),
+        );
+
         // Note: Because we open the file in write-only mode, we cannot
         // reuse the same VirtualFile for reading later. That's why we don't
         // set inner.file here. The first read will have to re-open it.
         let layer = ImageLayer {
             path_or_conf: PathOrConf::Conf(self.conf),
-            timeline_id: self.timeline_id,
-            tenant_id: self.tenant_id,
-            key_range: self.key_range.clone(),
+            desc,
             lsn: self.lsn,
-            file_size: metadata.len(),
             access_stats: LayerAccessStats::empty_will_record_residence_event_later(),
             inner: RwLock::new(ImageLayerInner {
                 loaded: false,
@@ -667,6 +675,7 @@ impl ImageLayerWriter {
         tenant_id: TenantId,
         key_range: &Range<Key>,
         lsn: Lsn,
+        is_incremental: bool,
     ) -> anyhow::Result<ImageLayerWriter> {
         Ok(Self {
             inner: Some(ImageLayerWriterInner::new(
@@ -675,6 +684,7 @@ impl ImageLayerWriter {
                 tenant_id,
                 key_range,
                 lsn,
+                is_incremental,
             )?),
         })
     }

pageserver/src/tenant/storage_layer/layer_desc.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+use anyhow::Result;
+use std::ops::Range;
+use utils::{
+    id::{TenantId, TimelineId},
+    lsn::Lsn,
+};
+
+use crate::{context::RequestContext, repository::Key};
+
+use super::{DeltaFileName, ImageFileName, LayerFileName};
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+/// A unique identifier of a persistent layer. This is different from `LayerDescriptor`, which is only used in the
+/// benchmarks. This struct contains all necessary information to find the image / delta layer. It also provides
+/// a unified way to generate layer information like file name.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct PersistentLayerDesc {
+    pub tenant_id: TenantId,
+    pub timeline_id: TimelineId,
+    pub key_range: Range<Key>,
+    /// For image layer, this is `[lsn, lsn+1)`.
+    pub lsn_range: Range<Lsn>,
+    /// Whether this is a delta layer.
+    pub is_delta: bool,
+    /// Whether this layer only contains page images for part of the keys in the range. In the current implementation, this should
+    /// always be equal to `is_delta`. If we land the partial image layer PR someday, image layer could also be
+    /// incremental.
+    pub is_incremental: bool,
+    /// File size
+    pub file_size: u64,
+}
+
+/// A unique identifier of a persistent layer within the context of one timeline.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Hash)]
+pub struct PersistentLayerKey {
+    pub key_range: Range<Key>,
+    pub lsn_range: Range<Lsn>,
+    pub is_delta: bool,
+}
+
+impl PersistentLayerDesc {
+    pub fn key(&self) -> PersistentLayerKey {
+        PersistentLayerKey {
+            key_range: self.key_range.clone(),
+            lsn_range: self.lsn_range.clone(),
+            is_delta: self.is_delta,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn short_id(&self) -> String {
+        self.filename().file_name()
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub fn new_test(key_range: Range<Key>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            tenant_id: TenantId::generate(),
+            timeline_id: TimelineId::generate(),
+            key_range,
+            lsn_range: Lsn(0)..Lsn(1),
+            is_delta: false,
+            is_incremental: false,
+            file_size: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_img(
+        tenant_id: TenantId,
+        timeline_id: TimelineId,
+        key_range: Range<Key>,
+        lsn: Lsn,
+        is_incremental: bool,
+        file_size: u64,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            tenant_id,
+            timeline_id,
+            key_range,
+            lsn_range: Self::image_layer_lsn_range(lsn),
+            is_delta: false,
+            is_incremental,
+            file_size,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_delta(
+        tenant_id: TenantId,
+        timeline_id: TimelineId,
+        key_range: Range<Key>,
+        lsn_range: Range<Lsn>,
+        file_size: u64,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            tenant_id,
+            timeline_id,
+            key_range,
+            lsn_range,
+            is_delta: true,
+            is_incremental: true,
+            file_size,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get the LSN that the image layer covers.
+    pub fn image_layer_lsn(&self) -> Lsn {
+        assert!(!self.is_delta);
+        assert!(self.lsn_range.start + 1 == self.lsn_range.end);
+        self.lsn_range.start
+    }
+
+    /// Get the LSN range corresponding to a single image layer LSN.
+    pub fn image_layer_lsn_range(lsn: Lsn) -> Range<Lsn> {
+        lsn..(lsn + 1)
+    }
+
+    /// Get a delta file name for this layer.
+    ///
+    /// Panic: if this is not a delta layer.
+    pub fn delta_file_name(&self) -> DeltaFileName {
+        assert!(self.is_delta);
+        DeltaFileName {
+            key_range: self.key_range.clone(),
+            lsn_range: self.lsn_range.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get a delta file name for this layer.
+    ///
+    /// Panic: if this is not an image layer, or the lsn range is invalid
+    pub fn image_file_name(&self) -> ImageFileName {
+        assert!(!self.is_delta);
+        assert!(self.lsn_range.start + 1 == self.lsn_range.end);
+        ImageFileName {
+            key_range: self.key_range.clone(),
+            lsn: self.lsn_range.start,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn filename(&self) -> LayerFileName {
+        if self.is_delta {
+            self.delta_file_name().into()
+        } else {
+            self.image_file_name().into()
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: remove this in the future once we refactor timeline APIs.
+
+    pub fn get_lsn_range(&self) -> Range<Lsn> {
+        self.lsn_range.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_key_range(&self) -> Range<Key> {
+        self.key_range.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_timeline_id(&self) -> TimelineId {
+        self.timeline_id
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_tenant_id(&self) -> TenantId {
+        self.tenant_id
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_incremental(&self) -> bool {
+        self.is_incremental
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_delta(&self) -> bool {
+        self.is_delta
+    }
+
+    pub fn dump(&self, _verbose: bool, _ctx: &RequestContext) -> Result<()> {
+        println!(
+            "----- layer for ten {} tli {} keys {}-{} lsn {}-{} ----",
+            self.tenant_id,
+            self.timeline_id,
+            self.key_range.start,
+            self.key_range.end,
+            self.lsn_range.start,
+            self.lsn_range.end
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn file_size(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.file_size
+    }
+}

pageserver/src/tenant/storage_layer/remote_layer.rs

@@ -18,11 +18,10 @@ use utils::{
     lsn::Lsn,
 };
 
-use super::filename::{DeltaFileName, ImageFileName, LayerFileName};
-use super::image_layer::ImageLayer;
+use super::filename::{DeltaFileName, ImageFileName};
 use super::{
-    DeltaLayer, LayerAccessStats, LayerAccessStatsReset, LayerIter, LayerKeyIter,
-    LayerResidenceStatus, PersistentLayer,
+    DeltaLayer, ImageLayer, LayerAccessStats, LayerAccessStatsReset, LayerIter, LayerKeyIter,
+    LayerResidenceStatus, PersistentLayer, PersistentLayerDesc,
 };
 
 /// RemoteLayer is a not yet downloaded [`ImageLayer`] or
@@ -34,19 +33,10 @@ use super::{
 ///
 /// See: [`crate::context::RequestContext`] for authorization to download
 pub struct RemoteLayer {
-    tenantid: TenantId,
-    timelineid: TimelineId,
-    key_range: Range<Key>,
-    lsn_range: Range<Lsn>,
-
-    pub file_name: LayerFileName,
+    pub desc: PersistentLayerDesc,
 
     pub layer_metadata: LayerFileMetadata,
 
-    is_delta: bool,
-
-    is_incremental: bool,
-
     access_stats: LayerAccessStats,
 
     pub(crate) ongoing_download: Arc<tokio::sync::Semaphore>,
@@ -66,22 +56,14 @@ pub struct RemoteLayer {
 impl std::fmt::Debug for RemoteLayer {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         f.debug_struct("RemoteLayer")
-            .field("file_name", &self.file_name)
+            .field("file_name", &self.desc.filename())
             .field("layer_metadata", &self.layer_metadata)
-            .field("is_incremental", &self.is_incremental)
+            .field("is_incremental", &self.desc.is_incremental)
             .finish()
     }
 }
 
 impl Layer for RemoteLayer {
-    fn get_key_range(&self) -> Range<Key> {
-        self.key_range.clone()
-    }
-
-    fn get_lsn_range(&self) -> Range<Lsn> {
-        self.lsn_range.clone()
-    }
-
     fn get_value_reconstruct_data(
         &self,
         _key: Key,
@@ -95,53 +77,45 @@ impl Layer for RemoteLayer {
         );
     }
 
-    fn is_incremental(&self) -> bool {
-        self.is_incremental
-    }
-
     /// debugging function to print out the contents of the layer
     fn dump(&self, _verbose: bool, _ctx: &RequestContext) -> Result<()> {
         println!(
             "----- remote layer for ten {} tli {} keys {}-{} lsn {}-{} ----",
-            self.tenantid,
-            self.timelineid,
-            self.key_range.start,
-            self.key_range.end,
-            self.lsn_range.start,
-            self.lsn_range.end
+            self.desc.tenant_id,
+            self.desc.timeline_id,
+            self.desc.key_range.start,
+            self.desc.key_range.end,
+            self.desc.lsn_range.start,
+            self.desc.lsn_range.end
         );
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    /// Boilerplate to implement the Layer trait, always use layer_desc for persistent layers.
+    fn get_key_range(&self) -> Range<Key> {
+        self.layer_desc().key_range.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// Boilerplate to implement the Layer trait, always use layer_desc for persistent layers.
+    fn get_lsn_range(&self) -> Range<Lsn> {
+        self.layer_desc().lsn_range.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// Boilerplate to implement the Layer trait, always use layer_desc for persistent layers.
+    fn is_incremental(&self) -> bool {
+        self.layer_desc().is_incremental
+    }
+
+    /// Boilerplate to implement the Layer trait, always use layer_desc for persistent layers.
     fn short_id(&self) -> String {
-        self.filename().file_name()
+        self.layer_desc().short_id()
     }
 }
 
 impl PersistentLayer for RemoteLayer {
-    fn get_tenant_id(&self) -> TenantId {
-        self.tenantid
-    }
-
-    fn get_timeline_id(&self) -> TimelineId {
-        self.timelineid
-    }
-
-    fn filename(&self) -> LayerFileName {
-        if self.is_delta {
-            DeltaFileName {
-                key_range: self.key_range.clone(),
-                lsn_range: self.lsn_range.clone(),
-            }
-            .into()
-        } else {
-            ImageFileName {
-                key_range: self.key_range.clone(),
-                lsn: self.lsn_range.start,
-            }
-            .into()
-        }
+    fn layer_desc(&self) -> &PersistentLayerDesc {
+        &self.desc
     }
 
     fn local_path(&self) -> Option<PathBuf> {
@@ -168,15 +142,11 @@ impl PersistentLayer for RemoteLayer {
         true
     }
 
-    fn file_size(&self) -> u64 {
-        self.layer_metadata.file_size()
-    }
-
     fn info(&self, reset: LayerAccessStatsReset) -> HistoricLayerInfo {
         let layer_file_name = self.filename().file_name();
         let lsn_range = self.get_lsn_range();
 
-        if self.is_delta {
+        if self.desc.is_delta {
             HistoricLayerInfo::Delta {
                 layer_file_name,
                 layer_file_size: self.layer_metadata.file_size(),
@@ -210,13 +180,14 @@ impl RemoteLayer {
         access_stats: LayerAccessStats,
     ) -> RemoteLayer {
         RemoteLayer {
-            tenantid,
-            timelineid,
-            key_range: fname.key_range.clone(),
-            lsn_range: fname.lsn_as_range(),
-            is_delta: false,
-            is_incremental: false,
-            file_name: fname.to_owned().into(),
+            desc: PersistentLayerDesc::new_img(
+                tenantid,
+                timelineid,
+                fname.key_range.clone(),
+                fname.lsn,
+                false,
+                layer_metadata.file_size(),
+            ),
             layer_metadata: layer_metadata.clone(),
             ongoing_download: Arc::new(tokio::sync::Semaphore::new(1)),
             download_replacement_failure: std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool::default(),
@@ -232,13 +203,13 @@ impl RemoteLayer {
         access_stats: LayerAccessStats,
     ) -> RemoteLayer {
         RemoteLayer {
-            tenantid,
-            timelineid,
-            key_range: fname.key_range.clone(),
-            lsn_range: fname.lsn_range.clone(),
-            is_delta: true,
-            is_incremental: true,
-            file_name: fname.to_owned().into(),
+            desc: PersistentLayerDesc::new_delta(
+                tenantid,
+                timelineid,
+                fname.key_range.clone(),
+                fname.lsn_range.clone(),
+                layer_metadata.file_size(),
+            ),
             layer_metadata: layer_metadata.clone(),
             ongoing_download: Arc::new(tokio::sync::Semaphore::new(1)),
             download_replacement_failure: std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool::default(),
@@ -256,15 +227,12 @@ impl RemoteLayer {
     where
         L: ?Sized + Layer,
     {
-        if self.is_delta {
-            let fname = DeltaFileName {
-                key_range: self.key_range.clone(),
-                lsn_range: self.lsn_range.clone(),
-            };
+        if self.desc.is_delta {
+            let fname = self.desc.delta_file_name();
             Arc::new(DeltaLayer::new(
                 conf,
-                self.timelineid,
-                self.tenantid,
+                self.desc.timeline_id,
+                self.desc.tenant_id,
                 &fname,
                 file_size,
                 self.access_stats.clone_for_residence_change(
@@ -273,14 +241,11 @@ impl RemoteLayer {
                 ),
             ))
         } else {
-            let fname = ImageFileName {
-                key_range: self.key_range.clone(),
-                lsn: self.lsn_range.start,
-            };
+            let fname = self.desc.image_file_name();
             Arc::new(ImageLayer::new(
                 conf,
-                self.timelineid,
-                self.tenantid,
+                self.desc.timeline_id,
+                self.desc.tenant_id,
                 &fname,
                 file_size,
                 self.access_stats.clone_for_residence_change(

pageserver/src/tenant/tasks.rs

@@ -9,13 +9,17 @@ use crate::context::{DownloadBehavior, RequestContext};
 use crate::metrics::TENANT_TASK_EVENTS;
 use crate::task_mgr;
 use crate::task_mgr::{TaskKind, BACKGROUND_RUNTIME};
-use crate::tenant::mgr;
 use crate::tenant::{Tenant, TenantState};
 use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
 use tracing::*;
-use utils::id::TenantId;
+use utils::completion;
 
-pub fn start_background_loops(tenant_id: TenantId) {
+/// Start per tenant background loops: compaction and gc.
+pub fn start_background_loops(
+    tenant: &Arc<Tenant>,
+    background_jobs_can_start: Option<&completion::Barrier>,
+) {
+    let tenant_id = tenant.tenant_id;
     task_mgr::spawn(
         BACKGROUND_RUNTIME.handle(),
         TaskKind::Compaction,
@@ -23,11 +27,20 @@ pub fn start_background_loops(tenant_id: TenantId) {
         None,
         &format!("compactor for tenant {tenant_id}"),
         false,
-        async move {
-            compaction_loop(tenant_id)
-                .instrument(info_span!("compaction_loop", tenant_id = %tenant_id))
-                .await;
-            Ok(())
+        {
+            let tenant = Arc::clone(tenant);
+            let background_jobs_can_start = background_jobs_can_start.cloned();
+            async move {
+                let cancel = task_mgr::shutdown_token();
+                tokio::select! {
+                    _ = cancel.cancelled() => { return Ok(()) },
+                    _ = completion::Barrier::maybe_wait(background_jobs_can_start) => {}
+                };
+                compaction_loop(tenant, cancel)
+                    .instrument(info_span!("compaction_loop", tenant_id = %tenant_id))
+                    .await;
+                Ok(())
+            }
         },
     );
     task_mgr::spawn(
@@ -37,11 +50,20 @@ pub fn start_background_loops(tenant_id: TenantId) {
         None,
         &format!("garbage collector for tenant {tenant_id}"),
         false,
-        async move {
-            gc_loop(tenant_id)
-                .instrument(info_span!("gc_loop", tenant_id = %tenant_id))
-                .await;
-            Ok(())
+        {
+            let tenant = Arc::clone(tenant);
+            let background_jobs_can_start = background_jobs_can_start.cloned();
+            async move {
+                let cancel = task_mgr::shutdown_token();
+                tokio::select! {
+                    _ = cancel.cancelled() => { return Ok(()) },
+                    _ = completion::Barrier::maybe_wait(background_jobs_can_start) => {}
+                };
+                gc_loop(tenant, cancel)
+                    .instrument(info_span!("gc_loop", tenant_id = %tenant_id))
+                    .await;
+                Ok(())
+            }
         },
     );
 }
@@ -49,27 +71,26 @@ pub fn start_background_loops(tenant_id: TenantId) {
 ///
 /// Compaction task's main loop
 ///
-async fn compaction_loop(tenant_id: TenantId) {
+async fn compaction_loop(tenant: Arc<Tenant>, cancel: CancellationToken) {
     let wait_duration = Duration::from_secs(2);
     info!("starting");
     TENANT_TASK_EVENTS.with_label_values(&["start"]).inc();
     async {
-        let cancel = task_mgr::shutdown_token();
         let ctx = RequestContext::todo_child(TaskKind::Compaction, DownloadBehavior::Download);
         let mut first = true;
         loop {
             trace!("waking up");
 
-            let tenant = tokio::select! {
+            tokio::select! {
                 _ = cancel.cancelled() => {
                     info!("received cancellation request");
                     return;
                 },
-                tenant_wait_result = wait_for_active_tenant(tenant_id, wait_duration) => match tenant_wait_result {
+                tenant_wait_result = wait_for_active_tenant(&tenant) => match tenant_wait_result {
                     ControlFlow::Break(()) => return,
-                    ControlFlow::Continue(tenant) => tenant,
+                    ControlFlow::Continue(()) => (),
                 },
-            };
+            }
 
             let period = tenant.get_compaction_period();
 
@@ -119,29 +140,29 @@ async fn compaction_loop(tenant_id: TenantId) {
 ///
 /// GC task's main loop
 ///
-async fn gc_loop(tenant_id: TenantId) {
+async fn gc_loop(tenant: Arc<Tenant>, cancel: CancellationToken) {
     let wait_duration = Duration::from_secs(2);
     info!("starting");
     TENANT_TASK_EVENTS.with_label_values(&["start"]).inc();
     async {
-        let cancel = task_mgr::shutdown_token();
         // GC might require downloading, to find the cutoff LSN that corresponds to the
         // cutoff specified as time.
-        let ctx = RequestContext::todo_child(TaskKind::GarbageCollector, DownloadBehavior::Download);
+        let ctx =
+            RequestContext::todo_child(TaskKind::GarbageCollector, DownloadBehavior::Download);
         let mut first = true;
         loop {
             trace!("waking up");
 
-            let tenant = tokio::select! {
+            tokio::select! {
                 _ = cancel.cancelled() => {
                     info!("received cancellation request");
                     return;
                 },
-                tenant_wait_result = wait_for_active_tenant(tenant_id, wait_duration) => match tenant_wait_result {
+                tenant_wait_result = wait_for_active_tenant(&tenant) => match tenant_wait_result {
                     ControlFlow::Break(()) => return,
-                    ControlFlow::Continue(tenant) => tenant,
+                    ControlFlow::Continue(()) => (),
                 },
-            };
+            }
 
             let period = tenant.get_gc_period();
 
@@ -161,7 +182,9 @@ async fn gc_loop(tenant_id: TenantId) {
                 Duration::from_secs(10)
             } else {
                 // Run gc
-                let res = tenant.gc_iteration(None, gc_horizon, tenant.get_pitr_interval(), &ctx).await;
+                let res = tenant
+                    .gc_iteration(None, gc_horizon, tenant.get_pitr_interval(), &ctx)
+                    .await;
                 if let Err(e) = res {
                     error!("Gc failed, retrying in {:?}: {e:?}", wait_duration);
                     wait_duration
@@ -187,23 +210,10 @@ async fn gc_loop(tenant_id: TenantId) {
     trace!("GC loop stopped.");
 }
 
-async fn wait_for_active_tenant(
-    tenant_id: TenantId,
-    wait: Duration,
-) -> ControlFlow<(), Arc<Tenant>> {
-    let tenant = loop {
-        match mgr::get_tenant(tenant_id, false).await {
-            Ok(tenant) => break tenant,
-            Err(e) => {
-                error!("Failed to get a tenant {tenant_id}: {e:#}");
-                tokio::time::sleep(wait).await;
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
+async fn wait_for_active_tenant(tenant: &Arc<Tenant>) -> ControlFlow<()> {
     // if the tenant has a proper status already, no need to wait for anything
     if tenant.current_state() == TenantState::Active {
-        ControlFlow::Continue(tenant)
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
     } else {
         let mut tenant_state_updates = tenant.subscribe_for_state_updates();
         loop {
@@ -213,7 +223,7 @@ async fn wait_for_active_tenant(
                     match new_state {
                         TenantState::Active => {
                             debug!("Tenant state changed to active, continuing the task loop");
-                            return ControlFlow::Continue(tenant);
+                            return ControlFlow::Continue(());
                         }
                         state => {
                             debug!("Not running the task loop, tenant is not active: {state:?}");
@@ -259,6 +269,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn random_init_delay(
     }
 }
 
+/// Attention: the `task` and `period` beocme labels of a pageserver-wide prometheus metric.
 pub(crate) fn warn_when_period_overrun(elapsed: Duration, period: Duration, task: &str) {
     // Duration::ZERO will happen because it's the "disable [bgtask]" value.
     if elapsed >= period && period != Duration::ZERO {
@@ -271,5 +282,8 @@ pub(crate) fn warn_when_period_overrun(elapsed: Duration, period: Duration, task
             task,
             "task iteration took longer than the configured period"
         );
+        crate::metrics::BACKGROUND_LOOP_PERIOD_OVERRUN_COUNT
+            .with_label_values(&[task, &format!("{}", period.as_secs())])
+            .inc();
     }
 }

pageserver/src/tenant/timeline/eviction_task.rs

@@ -30,10 +30,12 @@ use crate::{
     tenant::{
         config::{EvictionPolicy, EvictionPolicyLayerAccessThreshold},
         storage_layer::PersistentLayer,
-        Tenant,
+        LogicalSizeCalculationCause, Tenant,
     },
 };
 
+use utils::completion;
+
 use super::Timeline;
 
 #[derive(Default)]
@@ -47,8 +49,12 @@ pub struct EvictionTaskTenantState {
 }
 
 impl Timeline {
-    pub(super) fn launch_eviction_task(self: &Arc<Self>) {
+    pub(super) fn launch_eviction_task(
+        self: &Arc<Self>,
+        background_tasks_can_start: Option<&completion::Barrier>,
+    ) {
         let self_clone = Arc::clone(self);
+        let background_tasks_can_start = background_tasks_can_start.cloned();
         task_mgr::spawn(
             BACKGROUND_RUNTIME.handle(),
             TaskKind::Eviction,
@@ -57,7 +63,13 @@ impl Timeline {
             &format!("layer eviction for {}/{}", self.tenant_id, self.timeline_id),
             false,
             async move {
-                self_clone.eviction_task(task_mgr::shutdown_token()).await;
+                let cancel = task_mgr::shutdown_token();
+                tokio::select! {
+                    _ = cancel.cancelled() => { return Ok(()); }
+                    _ = completion::Barrier::maybe_wait(background_tasks_can_start) => {}
+                };
+
+                self_clone.eviction_task(cancel).await;
                 info!("eviction task finishing");
                 Ok(())
             },
@@ -120,6 +132,13 @@ impl Timeline {
                 }
                 let elapsed = start.elapsed();
                 crate::tenant::tasks::warn_when_period_overrun(elapsed, p.period, "eviction");
+                crate::metrics::EVICTION_ITERATION_DURATION
+                    .get_metric_with_label_values(&[
+                        &format!("{}", p.period.as_secs()),
+                        &format!("{}", p.threshold.as_secs()),
+                    ])
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .observe(elapsed.as_secs_f64());
                 ControlFlow::Continue(start + p.period)
             }
         }
@@ -335,7 +354,12 @@ impl Timeline {
 
         // imitiate on-restart initial logical size
         let size = self
-            .calculate_logical_size(lsn, cancel.clone(), ctx)
+            .calculate_logical_size(
+                lsn,
+                LogicalSizeCalculationCause::EvictionTaskImitation,
+                cancel.clone(),
+                ctx,
+            )
             .instrument(info_span!("calculate_logical_size"))
             .await;
 
@@ -407,9 +431,15 @@ impl Timeline {
             .inner();
 
         let mut throwaway_cache = HashMap::new();
-        let gather =
-            crate::tenant::size::gather_inputs(tenant, limit, None, &mut throwaway_cache, ctx)
-                .instrument(info_span!("gather_inputs"));
+        let gather = crate::tenant::size::gather_inputs(
+            tenant,
+            limit,
+            None,
+            &mut throwaway_cache,
+            LogicalSizeCalculationCause::EvictionTaskImitation,
+            ctx,
+        )
+        .instrument(info_span!("gather_inputs"));
 
         tokio::select! {
             _ = cancel.cancelled() => {}