PY_ENV_MAN for env manager choice

feat: refactor parse_args&rm USE_ENV
feat: more opts for cli
2025-12-23 06:30:05 +00:00 · 2023-12-07 10:42:26 +08:00 · 2023-12-07 10:35:40 +08:00 · 2023-12-06 17:58:49 +08:00 · 2023-12-06 17:39:12 +08:00 · 2023-12-06 16:40:58 +08:00
1242 changed files with 80621 additions and 74488 deletions
--- a/.cargo/config.toml
+++ b/.cargo/config.toml
@@ -12,9 +12,4 @@ rustflags = [
    "-Wclippy::print_stdout",
    "-Wclippy::print_stderr",
    "-Wclippy::implicit_clone",
-
-    # It seems clippy has made a false positive decision here when upgrading rust toolchain to
-    # nightly-2023-08-07, we do need it to be borrowed mutably.
-    # Allow it for now; try disallow it when the toolchain is upgraded in the future.
-    "-Aclippy::needless_pass_by_ref_mut",
 ]
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yml
@@ -41,13 +41,27 @@ body:
      required: true

  - type: textarea
-    id: what-happened
+    id: reproduce
    attributes:
-      label: What happened?
+      label: Minimal reproduce step
      description: |
-        Tell us what happened and also what you would have expected to
-        happen instead.
-      placeholder: "Describe the bug"
+        Please walk us through and provide steps and details on how
+        to reproduce the issue. If possible, provide scripts that we
+        can run to trigger the bug.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: expected-manner
+    attributes:
+      label: What did you expect to see?
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: actual-manner
+    attributes:
+      label: What did you see instead?
    validations:
      required: true

@@ -72,14 +86,3 @@ body:
        trace. This will be automatically formatted into code, so no
        need for backticks.
      render: bash
-
-  - type: textarea
-    id: reproduce
-    attributes:
-      label: How can we reproduce the bug?
-      description: |
-        Please walk us through and provide steps and details on how
-        to reproduce the issue. If possible, provide scripts that we
-        can run to trigger the bug.
-    validations:
-      required: true
--- a/.github/actions/build-dev-builder-image/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/build-dev-builder-image/action.yml
@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-name: Build and push dev-builder image
-description: Build and push dev-builder image to DockerHub and ACR
-inputs:
-  dockerhub-image-registry:
-    description: The dockerhub image registry to store the images
-    required: false
-    default: docker.io
-  dockerhub-image-registry-username:
-    description: The dockerhub username to login to the image registry
-    required: true
-  dockerhub-image-registry-token:
-    description: The dockerhub token to login to the image registry
-    required: true
-  dockerhub-image-namespace:
-    description: The dockerhub namespace of the image registry to store the images
-    required: false
-    default: greptime
-  acr-image-registry:
-    description: The ACR image registry to store the images
-    required: true
-  acr-image-registry-username:
-    description: The ACR username to login to the image registry
-    required: true
-  acr-image-registry-password:
-    description: The ACR password to login to the image registry
-    required: true
-  acr-image-namespace:
-    description: The ACR namespace of the image registry to store the images
-    required: false
-    default: greptime
-  version:
-    description: Version of the dev-builder
-    required: false
-    default: latest
-runs:
-  using: composite
-  steps:
-    - name: Login to Dockerhub
-      uses: docker/login-action@v2
-      with:
-        registry: ${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-registry }}
-        username: ${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-registry-username }}
-        password: ${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-registry-token }}
-
-    - name: Build and push ubuntu dev builder image to dockerhub
-      shell: bash
-      run:
-        make dev-builder \
-        BASE_IMAGE=ubuntu \
-        BUILDX_MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD=true \
-        IMAGE_REGISTRY=${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-registry }} \
-        IMAGE_NAMESPACE=${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-namespace }} \
-        IMAGE_TAG=${{ inputs.version }}
-
-    - name: Build and push centos dev builder image to dockerhub
-      shell: bash
-      run:
-        make dev-builder \
-        BASE_IMAGE=centos \
-        BUILDX_MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD=true \
-        IMAGE_REGISTRY=${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-registry }} \
-        IMAGE_NAMESPACE=${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-namespace }} \
-        IMAGE_TAG=${{ inputs.version }}
-
-    - name: Login to ACR
-      uses: docker/login-action@v2
-      continue-on-error: true
-      with:
-        registry: ${{ inputs.acr-image-registry }}
-        username: ${{ inputs.acr-image-registry-username }}
-        password: ${{ inputs.acr-image-registry-password }}
-
-    - name: Build and push ubuntu dev builder image to ACR
-      shell: bash
-      continue-on-error: true
-      run: # buildx will cache the images that already built, so it will not take long time to build the images again.
-        make dev-builder \
-        BASE_IMAGE=ubuntu \
-        BUILDX_MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD=true \
-        IMAGE_REGISTRY=${{ inputs.acr-image-registry }} \
-        IMAGE_NAMESPACE=${{ inputs.acr-image-namespace }} \
-        IMAGE_TAG=${{ inputs.version }}
-
-    - name: Build and push centos dev builder image to ACR
-      shell: bash
-      continue-on-error: true
-      run: # buildx will cache the images that already built, so it will not take long time to build the images again.
-        make dev-builder \
-        BASE_IMAGE=centos \
-        BUILDX_MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD=true \
-        IMAGE_REGISTRY=${{ inputs.acr-image-registry }} \
-        IMAGE_NAMESPACE=${{ inputs.acr-image-namespace }} \
-        IMAGE_TAG=${{ inputs.version }}
--- a/.github/actions/build-dev-builder-images/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/build-dev-builder-images/action.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+name: Build and push dev-builder images
+description: Build and push dev-builder images to DockerHub and ACR
+inputs:
+  dockerhub-image-registry:
+    description: The dockerhub image registry to store the images
+    required: false
+    default: docker.io
+  dockerhub-image-registry-username:
+    description: The dockerhub username to login to the image registry
+    required: true
+  dockerhub-image-registry-token:
+    description: The dockerhub token to login to the image registry
+    required: true
+  dockerhub-image-namespace:
+    description: The dockerhub namespace of the image registry to store the images
+    required: false
+    default: greptime
+  version:
+    description: Version of the dev-builder
+    required: false
+    default: latest
+  build-dev-builder-ubuntu:
+    description: Build dev-builder-ubuntu image
+    required: false
+    default: 'true'
+  build-dev-builder-centos:
+    description: Build dev-builder-centos image
+    required: false
+    default: 'true'
+  build-dev-builder-android:
+    description: Build dev-builder-android image
+    required: false
+    default: 'true'
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Login to Dockerhub
+      uses: docker/login-action@v2
+      with:
+        registry: ${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-registry }}
+        username: ${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-registry-username }}
+        password: ${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-registry-token }}
+
+    - name: Build and push dev-builder-ubuntu image
+      shell: bash
+      if: ${{ inputs.build-dev-builder-ubuntu == 'true' }}
+      run: |
+        make dev-builder \
+          BASE_IMAGE=ubuntu \
+          BUILDX_MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD=true \
+          IMAGE_REGISTRY=${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-registry }} \
+          IMAGE_NAMESPACE=${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-namespace }} \
+          IMAGE_TAG=${{ inputs.version }}
+
+    - name: Build and push dev-builder-centos image
+      shell: bash
+      if: ${{ inputs.build-dev-builder-centos == 'true' }}
+      run: |
+        make dev-builder \
+          BASE_IMAGE=centos \
+          BUILDX_MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD=true \
+          IMAGE_REGISTRY=${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-registry }} \
+          IMAGE_NAMESPACE=${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-namespace }} \
+          IMAGE_TAG=${{ inputs.version }}
+
+    - name: Build and push dev-builder-android image # Only build image for amd64 platform.
+      shell: bash
+      if: ${{ inputs.build-dev-builder-android == 'true' }}
+      run: |
+        make dev-builder \
+          BASE_IMAGE=android \
+          IMAGE_REGISTRY=${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-registry }} \
+          IMAGE_NAMESPACE=${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-namespace }} \
+          IMAGE_TAG=${{ inputs.version }} && \
+        
+        docker push ${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-registry }}/${{ inputs.dockerhub-image-namespace }}/dev-builder-android:${{ inputs.version }}
--- a/.github/actions/build-greptime-binary/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/build-greptime-binary/action.yml
@@ -16,35 +16,20 @@ inputs:
  version:
    description: Version of the artifact
    required: true
-  release-to-s3-bucket:
-    description: S3 bucket to store released artifacts
-    required: true
-  aws-access-key-id:
-    description: AWS access key id
-    required: true
-  aws-secret-access-key:
-    description: AWS secret access key
-    required: true
-  aws-region:
-    description: AWS region
-    required: true
-  upload-to-s3:
-    description: Upload to S3
-    required: false
-    default: 'true'
-  upload-latest-artifacts:
-    description: Upload the latest artifacts to S3
-    required: false
-    default: 'true'
  working-dir:
    description: Working directory to build the artifacts
    required: false
    default: .
+  build-android-artifacts:
+    description: Build android artifacts
+    required: false
+    default: 'false'
 runs:
  using: composite
  steps:
    - name: Build greptime binary
      shell: bash
+      if: ${{ inputs.build-android-artifacts == 'false' }}
      run: |
        cd ${{ inputs.working-dir }} && \
        make build-by-dev-builder \
@@ -54,14 +39,25 @@ runs:

    - name: Upload artifacts
      uses: ./.github/actions/upload-artifacts
+      if: ${{ inputs.build-android-artifacts == 'false' }}
      with:
        artifacts-dir: ${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}
        target-file: ./target/${{ inputs.cargo-profile }}/greptime
        version: ${{ inputs.version }}
-        release-to-s3-bucket: ${{ inputs.release-to-s3-bucket }}
-        aws-access-key-id: ${{ inputs.aws-access-key-id }}
-        aws-secret-access-key: ${{ inputs.aws-secret-access-key }}
-        aws-region: ${{ inputs.aws-region }}
-        upload-to-s3: ${{ inputs.upload-to-s3 }}
-        upload-latest-artifacts: ${{ inputs.upload-latest-artifacts }}
+        working-dir: ${{ inputs.working-dir }}
+
+    # TODO(zyy17): We can remove build-android-artifacts flag in the future.
+    - name: Build greptime binary
+      shell: bash
+      if: ${{ inputs.build-android-artifacts == 'true' }}
+      run: |
+        cd ${{ inputs.working-dir }} && make strip-android-bin
+
+    - name: Upload android artifacts
+      uses: ./.github/actions/upload-artifacts
+      if: ${{ inputs.build-android-artifacts == 'true' }}
+      with:
+        artifacts-dir: ${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}
+        target-file: ./target/aarch64-linux-android/release/greptime
+        version: ${{ inputs.version }}
        working-dir: ${{ inputs.working-dir }}
--- a/.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/build-linux-artifacts/action.yml
@@ -13,30 +13,10 @@ inputs:
  disable-run-tests:
    description: Disable running integration tests
    required: true
-  release-to-s3-bucket:
-    description: S3 bucket to store released artifacts
-    required: true
-  aws-access-key-id:
-    description: AWS access key id
-    required: true
-  aws-secret-access-key:
-    description: AWS secret access key
-    required: true
-  aws-region:
-    description: AWS region
-    required: true
  dev-mode:
    description: Enable dev mode, only build standard greptime
    required: false
    default: 'false'
-  upload-to-s3:
-    description: Upload to S3
-    required: false
-    default: 'true'
-  upload-latest-artifacts:
-    description: Upload the latest artifacts to S3
-    required: false
-    default: 'true'
  working-dir:
    description: Working directory to build the artifacts
    required: false
@@ -68,12 +48,6 @@ runs:
        cargo-profile: ${{ inputs.cargo-profile }}
        artifacts-dir: greptime-linux-${{ inputs.arch }}-pyo3-${{ inputs.version }}
        version: ${{ inputs.version }}
-        release-to-s3-bucket: ${{ inputs.release-to-s3-bucket }}
-        aws-access-key-id: ${{ inputs.aws-access-key-id }}
-        aws-secret-access-key: ${{ inputs.aws-secret-access-key }}
-        aws-region: ${{ inputs.aws-region }}
-        upload-to-s3: ${{ inputs.upload-to-s3 }}
-        upload-latest-artifacts: ${{ inputs.upload-latest-artifacts }}
        working-dir: ${{ inputs.working-dir }}

    - name: Build greptime without pyo3
@@ -85,12 +59,6 @@ runs:
        cargo-profile: ${{ inputs.cargo-profile }}
        artifacts-dir: greptime-linux-${{ inputs.arch }}-${{ inputs.version }}
        version: ${{ inputs.version }}
-        release-to-s3-bucket: ${{ inputs.release-to-s3-bucket }}
-        aws-access-key-id: ${{ inputs.aws-access-key-id }}
-        aws-secret-access-key: ${{ inputs.aws-secret-access-key }}
-        aws-region: ${{ inputs.aws-region }}
-        upload-to-s3: ${{ inputs.upload-to-s3 }}
-        upload-latest-artifacts: ${{ inputs.upload-latest-artifacts }}
        working-dir: ${{ inputs.working-dir }}

    - name: Clean up the target directory # Clean up the target directory for the centos7 base image, or it will still use the objects of last build.
@@ -107,10 +75,14 @@ runs:
        cargo-profile: ${{ inputs.cargo-profile }}
        artifacts-dir: greptime-linux-${{ inputs.arch }}-centos-${{ inputs.version }}
        version: ${{ inputs.version }}
-        release-to-s3-bucket: ${{ inputs.release-to-s3-bucket }}
-        aws-access-key-id: ${{ inputs.aws-access-key-id }}
-        aws-secret-access-key: ${{ inputs.aws-secret-access-key }}
-        aws-region: ${{ inputs.aws-region }}
-        upload-to-s3: ${{ inputs.upload-to-s3 }}
-        upload-latest-artifacts: ${{ inputs.upload-latest-artifacts }}
        working-dir: ${{ inputs.working-dir }}
+
+    - name: Build greptime on android base image
+      uses: ./.github/actions/build-greptime-binary
+      if: ${{ inputs.arch == 'amd64' && inputs.dev-mode == 'false' }} # Only build android base image on amd64.
+      with:
+        base-image: android
+        artifacts-dir: greptime-android-arm64-${{ inputs.version }}
+        version: ${{ inputs.version }}
+        working-dir: ${{ inputs.working-dir }}
+        build-android-artifacts: true
--- a/.github/actions/build-macos-artifacts/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/build-macos-artifacts/action.yml
@@ -19,21 +19,9 @@ inputs:
  disable-run-tests:
    description: Disable running integration tests
    required: true
-  release-to-s3-bucket:
-    description: S3 bucket to store released artifacts
-    required: true
  artifacts-dir:
    description: Directory to store artifacts
    required: true
-  aws-access-key-id:
-    description: AWS access key id
-    required: true
-  aws-secret-access-key:
-    description: AWS secret access key
-    required: true
-  aws-region:
-    description: AWS region
-    required: true
 runs:
  using: composite
  steps:
@@ -99,7 +87,3 @@ runs:
        artifacts-dir: ${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}
        target-file: target/${{ inputs.arch }}/${{ inputs.cargo-profile }}/greptime
        version: ${{ inputs.version }}
-        release-to-s3-bucket: ${{ inputs.release-to-s3-bucket }}
-        aws-access-key-id: ${{ inputs.aws-access-key-id }}
-        aws-secret-access-key: ${{ inputs.aws-secret-access-key }}
-        aws-region: ${{ inputs.aws-region }}
--- a/.github/actions/build-windows-artifacts/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/build-windows-artifacts/action.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+name: Build Windows artifacts
+description: Build Windows artifacts
+inputs:
+  arch:
+    description: Architecture to build
+    required: true
+  rust-toolchain:
+    description: Rust toolchain to use
+    required: true
+  cargo-profile:
+    description: Cargo profile to build
+    required: true
+  features:
+    description: Cargo features to build
+    required: true
+  version:
+    description: Version of the artifact
+    required: true
+  disable-run-tests:
+    description: Disable running integration tests
+    required: true
+  artifacts-dir:
+    description: Directory to store artifacts
+    required: true
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v1
+
+    - name: Install rust toolchain
+      uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
+      with:
+        toolchain: ${{ inputs.rust-toolchain }}
+        targets: ${{ inputs.arch }}
+        components: llvm-tools-preview
+
+    - name: Rust Cache
+      uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+
+    - name: Install Python
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.10'
+
+    - name: Install PyArrow Package
+      shell: pwsh
+      run: pip install pyarrow
+
+    - name: Install WSL distribution
+      uses: Vampire/setup-wsl@v2
+      with:
+        distribution: Ubuntu-22.04
+
+    - name: Install latest nextest release # For integration tests.
+      if: ${{ inputs.disable-run-tests == 'false' }}
+      uses: taiki-e/install-action@nextest
+
+    - name: Run integration tests
+      if: ${{ inputs.disable-run-tests == 'false' }}
+      shell: pwsh
+      run: make test sqlness-test
+
+    - name: Upload sqlness logs
+      if: ${{ failure() }} # Only upload logs when the integration tests failed.
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      with:
+        name: sqlness-logs
+        path: ${{ runner.temp }}/greptime-*.log
+        retention-days: 3
+
+    - name: Build greptime binary
+      shell: pwsh
+      run: cargo build --profile ${{ inputs.cargo-profile }} --features ${{ inputs.features }} --target ${{ inputs.arch }}
+
+    - name: Upload artifacts
+      uses: ./.github/actions/upload-artifacts
+      with:
+        artifacts-dir: ${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}
+        target-file: target/${{ inputs.arch }}/${{ inputs.cargo-profile }}/greptime
+        version: ${{ inputs.version }}
--- a/.github/actions/deploy-greptimedb/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/deploy-greptimedb/action.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+name: Deploy GreptimeDB cluster
+description: Deploy GreptimeDB cluster on Kubernetes
+inputs:
+  aws-ci-test-bucket:
+    description: 'AWS S3 bucket name for testing'
+    required: true
+  aws-region:
+    description: 'AWS region for testing'
+    required: true
+  data-root:
+    description: 'Data root for testing'
+    required: true
+  aws-access-key-id:
+    description: 'AWS access key id for testing'
+    required: true
+  aws-secret-access-key:
+    description: 'AWS secret access key for testing'
+    required: true
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Deploy GreptimeDB by Helm
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        DATA_ROOT: ${{ inputs.data-root }}
+        AWS_CI_TEST_BUCKET: ${{ inputs.aws-ci-test-bucket }}
+        AWS_REGION: ${{ inputs.aws-region }}
+        AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ inputs.aws-access-key-id }}
+        AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ inputs.aws-secret-access-key }}
+      run: |
+        ./.github/scripts/deploy-greptimedb.sh
--- a/.github/actions/publish-github-release/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/publish-github-release/action.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-name: Release artifacts
-description: Release artifacts
+name: Publish GitHub release
+description: Publish GitHub release
 inputs:
  version:
    description: Version to release
@@ -31,10 +31,12 @@ runs:
          echo "prerelease=false" >> $GITHUB_ENV
          echo "makeLatest=true" >> $GITHUB_ENV
          echo "generateReleaseNotes=false" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "omitBody=true" >> $GITHUB_ENV
        else
          echo "prerelease=true" >> $GITHUB_ENV
          echo "makeLatest=false" >> $GITHUB_ENV
          echo "generateReleaseNotes=true" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "omitBody=false" >> $GITHUB_ENV
        fi

    - name: Publish release
@@ -45,6 +47,7 @@ runs:
        makeLatest: ${{ env.makeLatest }}
        tag: ${{ inputs.version }}
        generateReleaseNotes: ${{ env.generateReleaseNotes }}
+        omitBody: ${{ env.omitBody }} # omitBody is true when the release is a official release.
        allowUpdates: true
        artifacts: |
          **/greptime-*/*
--- a/.github/actions/release-cn-artifacts/action.yaml
+++ b/.github/actions/release-cn-artifacts/action.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+name: Release CN artifacts
+description: Release artifacts to CN region
+inputs:
+  src-image-registry:
+    description: The source image registry to store the images
+    required: true
+    default: docker.io
+  src-image-namespace:
+    description: The namespace of the source image registry to store the images
+    required: true
+    default: greptime
+  src-image-name:
+    description: The name of the source image
+    required: false
+    default: greptimedb
+  dst-image-registry:
+    description: The destination image registry to store the images
+    required: true
+  dst-image-namespace:
+    description: The namespace of the destination image registry to store the images
+    required: true
+    default: greptime
+  dst-image-registry-username:
+    description: The username to login to the image registry
+    required: true
+  dst-image-registry-password:
+    description: The password to login to the image registry
+    required: true
+  version:
+    description: Version of the artifact
+    required: true
+  dev-mode:
+    description: Enable dev mode, only push standard greptime
+    required: false
+    default: 'false'
+  push-latest-tag:
+    description: Whether to push the latest tag of the image
+    required: false
+    default: 'true'
+  aws-cn-s3-bucket:
+    description: S3 bucket to store released artifacts in CN region
+    required: true
+  aws-cn-access-key-id:
+    description: AWS access key id in CN region
+    required: true
+  aws-cn-secret-access-key:
+    description: AWS secret access key in CN region
+    required: true
+  aws-cn-region:
+    description: AWS region in CN
+    required: true
+  upload-to-s3:
+    description: Upload to S3
+    required: false
+    default: 'true'
+  artifacts-dir:
+    description: Directory to store artifacts
+    required: false
+    default: 'artifacts'
+  update-version-info:
+    description: Update the version info in S3
+    required: false
+    default: 'true'
+  upload-max-retry-times:
+    description: Max retry times for uploading artifacts to S3
+    required: false
+    default: "20"
+  upload-retry-timeout:
+    description: Timeout for uploading artifacts to S3
+    required: false
+    default: "30" # minutes
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Download artifacts
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+      with:
+        path: ${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}
+
+    - name: Release artifacts to cn region
+      uses: nick-invision/retry@v2
+      if: ${{ inputs.upload-to-s3 == 'true' }}
+      env:
+        AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ inputs.aws-cn-access-key-id }}
+        AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ inputs.aws-cn-secret-access-key }}
+        AWS_DEFAULT_REGION: ${{ inputs.aws-cn-region }}
+        UPDATE_VERSION_INFO: ${{ inputs.update-version-info }}
+      with:
+        max_attempts: ${{ inputs.upload-max-retry-times }}
+        timeout_minutes: ${{ inputs.upload-retry-timeout }}
+        command: |
+          ./.github/scripts/upload-artifacts-to-s3.sh \
+            ${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }} \
+            ${{ inputs.version }} \
+            ${{ inputs.aws-cn-s3-bucket }}
+
+    - name: Push greptimedb image from Dockerhub to ACR
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        DST_REGISTRY_USERNAME: ${{ inputs.dst-image-registry-username }}
+        DST_REGISTRY_PASSWORD: ${{ inputs.dst-image-registry-password }}
+      run: |
+        ./.github/scripts/copy-image.sh \
+         ${{ inputs.src-image-registry }}/${{ inputs.src-image-namespace }}/${{ inputs.src-image-name }}:${{ inputs.version }} \
+         ${{ inputs.dst-image-registry }}/${{ inputs.dst-image-namespace }}
+
+    - name: Push latest greptimedb image from Dockerhub to ACR
+      shell: bash
+      if: ${{ inputs.push-latest-tag == 'true' }}
+      env:
+        DST_REGISTRY_USERNAME: ${{ inputs.dst-image-registry-username }}
+        DST_REGISTRY_PASSWORD: ${{ inputs.dst-image-registry-password }}
+      run: |
+        ./.github/scripts/copy-image.sh \
+         ${{ inputs.src-image-registry }}/${{ inputs.src-image-namespace }}/${{ inputs.src-image-name }}:latest \
+         ${{ inputs.dst-image-registry }}/${{ inputs.dst-image-namespace }}
+
+    - name: Push greptimedb-centos image from DockerHub to ACR
+      shell: bash
+      if: ${{ inputs.dev-mode == 'false' }}
+      env:
+        DST_REGISTRY_USERNAME: ${{ inputs.dst-image-registry-username }}
+        DST_REGISTRY_PASSWORD: ${{ inputs.dst-image-registry-password }}
+      run: |
+        ./.github/scripts/copy-image.sh \
+         ${{ inputs.src-image-registry }}/${{ inputs.src-image-namespace }}/${{ inputs.src-image-name }}-centos:latest \
+         ${{ inputs.dst-image-registry }}/${{ inputs.dst-image-namespace }}
+
+    - name: Push greptimedb-centos image from DockerHub to ACR
+      shell: bash
+      if: ${{ inputs.dev-mode == 'false' && inputs.push-latest-tag == 'true' }}
+      env:
+        DST_REGISTRY_USERNAME: ${{ inputs.dst-image-registry-username }}
+        DST_REGISTRY_PASSWORD: ${{ inputs.dst-image-registry-password }}
+      run: |
+        ./.github/scripts/copy-image.sh \
+         ${{ inputs.src-image-registry }}/${{ inputs.src-image-namespace }}/${{ inputs.src-image-name }}-centos:latest \
+         ${{ inputs.dst-image-registry }}/${{ inputs.dst-image-namespace }}
--- a/.github/actions/sqlness-test/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/sqlness-test/action.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+name: Run sqlness test
+description: Run sqlness test on GreptimeDB
+
+inputs:
+  aws-ci-test-bucket:
+    description: 'AWS S3 bucket name for testing'
+    required: true
+  aws-region:
+    description: 'AWS region for testing'
+    required: true
+  data-root:
+    description: 'Data root for testing'
+    required: true
+  aws-access-key-id:
+    description: 'AWS access key id for testing'
+    required: true
+  aws-secret-access-key:
+    description: 'AWS secret access key for testing'
+    required: true
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Deploy GreptimeDB cluster by Helm
+      uses: ./.github/actions/deploy-greptimedb
+      with:
+        data-root: ${{ inputs.data-root }}
+        aws-ci-test-bucket: ${{ inputs.aws-ci-test-bucket }}
+        aws-region: ${{ inputs.aws-region }}
+        aws-access-key-id: ${{ inputs.aws-access-key-id }}
+        aws-secret-access-key: ${{ inputs.aws-secret-access-key }}
+
+    # TODO(zyy17): The following tests will be replaced by the real sqlness test.
+    - name: Run tests on greptimedb cluster
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 14002 -e "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS system_metrics (host VARCHAR(255), idc VARCHAR(255), cpu_util DOUBLE, memory_util DOUBLE, disk_util DOUBLE, ts TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY(host, idc), TIME INDEX(ts));" && \
+        mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 14002 -e "SHOW TABLES;"
+
+    - name: Run tests on greptimedb cluster that uses S3
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 24002 -e "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS system_metrics (host VARCHAR(255), idc VARCHAR(255), cpu_util DOUBLE, memory_util DOUBLE, disk_util DOUBLE, ts TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY(host, idc), TIME INDEX(ts));" && \
+        mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 24002 -e "SHOW TABLES;"
+
+    - name: Run tests on standalone greptimedb
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 34002 -e "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS system_metrics (host VARCHAR(255), idc VARCHAR(255), cpu_util DOUBLE, memory_util DOUBLE, disk_util DOUBLE, ts TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY(host, idc), TIME INDEX(ts));" && \
+        mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 34002 -e "SHOW TABLES;"
+
+    - name: Clean S3 data
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        AWS_DEFAULT_REGION: ${{ inputs.aws-region }}
+        AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ inputs.aws-access-key-id }}
+        AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ inputs.aws-secret-access-key }}
+      run: |
+        aws s3 rm s3://${{ inputs.aws-ci-test-bucket }}/${{ inputs.data-root }} --recursive
--- a/.github/actions/upload-artifacts/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/upload-artifacts/action.yml
@@ -10,34 +10,6 @@ inputs:
  version:
    description: Version of the artifact
    required: true
-  release-to-s3-bucket:
-    description: S3 bucket to store released artifacts
-    required: true
-  aws-access-key-id:
-    description: AWS access key id
-    required: true
-  aws-secret-access-key:
-    description: AWS secret access key
-    required: true
-  aws-region:
-    description: AWS region
-    required: true
-  upload-to-s3:
-    description: Upload to S3
-    required: false
-    default: 'true'
-  upload-latest-artifacts:
-    description: Upload the latest artifacts to S3
-    required: false
-    default: 'true'
-  upload-max-retry-times:
-    description: Max retry times for uploading artifacts to S3
-    required: false
-    default: "20"
-  upload-retry-timeout:
-    description: Timeout for uploading artifacts to S3
-    required: false
-    default: "10" # minutes
  working-dir:
    description: Working directory to upload the artifacts
    required: false
@@ -61,9 +33,21 @@ runs:
      working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-dir }}
      shell: bash
      run: |
-        tar -zcvf ${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}.tar.gz ${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }} && \
+        tar -zcvf ${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}.tar.gz ${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}
+
+    - name: Calculate checksum
+      if: runner.os != 'Windows'
+      working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-dir }}
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
        echo $(shasum -a 256 ${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}.tar.gz | cut -f1 -d' ') > ${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}.sha256sum

+    - name: Calculate checksum on Windows
+      if: runner.os == 'Windows'
+      working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-dir }}
+      shell: pwsh
+      run: Get-FileHash ${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}.tar.gz -Algorithm SHA256 | select -ExpandProperty Hash > ${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}.sha256sum
+
    # Note: The artifacts will be double zip compressed(related issue: https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact/issues/39).
    # However, when we use 'actions/download-artifact@v3' to download the artifacts, it will be automatically unzipped.
    - name: Upload artifacts
@@ -77,49 +61,3 @@ runs:
      with:
        name: ${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}.sha256sum
        path: ${{ inputs.working-dir }}/${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}.sha256sum
-
-    - name: Upload artifacts to S3
-      if: ${{ inputs.upload-to-s3 == 'true' }}
-      uses: nick-invision/retry@v2
-      env:
-        AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ inputs.aws-access-key-id }}
-        AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ inputs.aws-secret-access-key }}
-        AWS_DEFAULT_REGION: ${{ inputs.aws-region }}
-      with:
-        max_attempts: ${{ inputs.upload-max-retry-times }}
-        timeout_minutes: ${{ inputs.upload-retry-timeout }}
-        # The bucket layout will be:
-        # releases/greptimedb
-        # ├── v0.1.0
-        # │   ├── greptime-darwin-amd64-pyo3-v0.1.0.sha256sum
-        # │   └── greptime-darwin-amd64-pyo3-v0.1.0.tar.gz
-        # └── v0.2.0
-        #    ├── greptime-darwin-amd64-pyo3-v0.2.0.sha256sum
-        #    └── greptime-darwin-amd64-pyo3-v0.2.0.tar.gz
-        command: |
-          cd ${{ inputs.working-dir }} && \
-          aws s3 cp \
-            ${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}.tar.gz \
-            s3://${{ inputs.release-to-s3-bucket }}/releases/greptimedb/${{ inputs.version }}/${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}.tar.gz && \
-          aws s3 cp \
-            ${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}.sha256sum \
-            s3://${{ inputs.release-to-s3-bucket }}/releases/greptimedb/${{ inputs.version }}/${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}.sha256sum
-
-    - name: Upload latest artifacts to S3
-      if: ${{ inputs.upload-to-s3 == 'true' && inputs.upload-latest-artifacts == 'true' }} # We'll also upload the latest artifacts to S3 in the scheduled and formal release.
-      uses: nick-invision/retry@v2
-      env:
-        AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ inputs.aws-access-key-id }}
-        AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ inputs.aws-secret-access-key }}
-        AWS_DEFAULT_REGION: ${{ inputs.aws-region }}
-      with:
-        max_attempts: ${{ inputs.upload-max-retry-times }}
-        timeout_minutes: ${{ inputs.upload-retry-timeout }}
-        command: |
-          cd ${{ inputs.working-dir }} && \
-          aws s3 cp \
-            ${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}.tar.gz \
-            s3://${{ inputs.release-to-s3-bucket }}/releases/greptimedb/latest/${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}.tar.gz && \
-          aws s3 cp \
-            ${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}.sha256sum \
-            s3://${{ inputs.release-to-s3-bucket }}/releases/greptimedb/latest/${{ inputs.artifacts-dir }}.sha256sum
--- a/.github/scripts/copy-image.sh
+++ b/.github/scripts/copy-image.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -e
+set -o pipefail
+
+SRC_IMAGE=$1
+DST_REGISTRY=$2
+SKOPEO_STABLE_IMAGE="quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest"
+
+# Check if necessary variables are set.
+function check_vars() {
+  for var in DST_REGISTRY_USERNAME DST_REGISTRY_PASSWORD DST_REGISTRY SRC_IMAGE; do
+    if [ -z "${!var}" ]; then
+      echo "$var is not set or empty."
+      echo "Usage: DST_REGISTRY_USERNAME=<your-dst-registry-username> DST_REGISTRY_PASSWORD=<your-dst-registry-password> $0 <dst-registry> <src-image>"
+      exit 1
+    fi
+  done
+}
+
+# Copies images from DockerHub to the destination registry.
+function copy_images_from_dockerhub() {
+  # Check if docker is installed.
+  if ! command -v docker &> /dev/null; then
+    echo "docker is not installed. Please install docker to continue."
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  # Extract the name and tag of the source image.
+  IMAGE_NAME=$(echo "$SRC_IMAGE" | sed "s/.*\///")
+
+  echo "Copying $SRC_IMAGE to $DST_REGISTRY/$IMAGE_NAME"
+
+  docker run "$SKOPEO_STABLE_IMAGE" copy -a docker://"$SRC_IMAGE" \
+    --dest-creds "$DST_REGISTRY_USERNAME":"$DST_REGISTRY_PASSWORD" \
+    docker://"$DST_REGISTRY/$IMAGE_NAME"
+}
+
+function main() {
+  check_vars
+  copy_images_from_dockerhub
+}
+
+# Usage example:
+# DST_REGISTRY_USERNAME=123 DST_REGISTRY_PASSWORD=456 \
+#   ./copy-image.sh greptime/greptimedb:v0.4.0 greptime-registry.cn-hangzhou.cr.aliyuncs.com
+main
--- a/.github/scripts/deploy-greptimedb.sh
+++ b/.github/scripts/deploy-greptimedb.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -e
+set -o pipefail
+
+KUBERNETES_VERSION="${KUBERNETES_VERSION:-v1.24.0}"
+ENABLE_STANDALONE_MODE="${ENABLE_STANDALONE_MODE:-true}"
+DEFAULT_INSTALL_NAMESPACE=${DEFAULT_INSTALL_NAMESPACE:-default}
+GREPTIMEDB_IMAGE_TAG=${GREPTIMEDB_IMAGE_TAG:-latest}
+ETCD_CHART="oci://registry-1.docker.io/bitnamicharts/etcd"
+GREPTIME_CHART="https://greptimeteam.github.io/helm-charts/"
+
+# Ceate a cluster with 1 control-plane node and 5 workers.
+function create_kind_cluster() {
+  cat <<EOF | kind create cluster --name "${CLUSTER}" --image kindest/node:"$KUBERNETES_VERSION" --config=-
+kind: Cluster
+apiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4
+nodes:
+- role: control-plane
+- role: worker
+- role: worker
+- role: worker
+- role: worker
+- role: worker
+EOF
+}
+
+# Add greptime Helm chart repo.
+function add_greptime_chart() {
+  helm repo add greptime "$GREPTIME_CHART"
+  helm repo update
+}
+
+# Deploy a etcd cluster with 3 members.
+function deploy_etcd_cluster() {
+  local namespace="$1"
+
+  helm install etcd "$ETCD_CHART" \
+    --set replicaCount=3 \
+    --set auth.rbac.create=false \
+    --set auth.rbac.token.enabled=false \
+    -n "$namespace"
+
+  # Wait for etcd cluster to be ready.
+  kubectl rollout status statefulset/etcd -n "$namespace"
+}
+
+# Deploy greptimedb-operator.
+function deploy_greptimedb_operator() {
+  # Use the latest chart and image.
+  helm install greptimedb-operator greptime/greptimedb-operator \
+    --set image.tag=latest \
+    -n "$DEFAULT_INSTALL_NAMESPACE"
+
+  # Wait for greptimedb-operator to be ready.
+  kubectl rollout status deployment/greptimedb-operator -n "$DEFAULT_INSTALL_NAMESPACE"
+}
+
+# Deploy greptimedb cluster by using local storage.
+# It will expose cluster service ports as '14000', '14001', '14002', '14003' to local access.
+function deploy_greptimedb_cluster() {
+  local cluster_name=$1
+  local install_namespace=$2
+
+  kubectl create ns "$install_namespace"
+
+  deploy_etcd_cluster "$install_namespace"
+
+  helm install "$cluster_name" greptime/greptimedb-cluster \
+    --set image.tag="$GREPTIMEDB_IMAGE_TAG" \
+    --set meta.etcdEndpoints="etcd.$install_namespace:2379" \
+    -n "$install_namespace"
+
+  # Wait for greptimedb cluster to be ready.
+  while true; do
+    PHASE=$(kubectl -n "$install_namespace" get gtc "$cluster_name" -o jsonpath='{.status.clusterPhase}')
+    if [ "$PHASE" == "Running" ]; then
+      echo "Cluster is ready"
+      break
+    else
+      echo "Cluster is not ready yet: Current phase: $PHASE"
+      sleep 5 # wait for 5 seconds before check again.
+    fi
+  done
+
+  # Expose greptimedb cluster to local access.
+  kubectl -n "$install_namespace" port-forward svc/"$cluster_name"-frontend \
+    14000:4000 \
+    14001:4001 \
+    14002:4002 \
+    14003:4003 > /tmp/connections.out &
+}
+
+# Deploy greptimedb cluster by using S3.
+# It will expose cluster service ports as '24000', '24001', '24002', '24003' to local access.
+function deploy_greptimedb_cluster_with_s3_storage() {
+  local cluster_name=$1
+  local install_namespace=$2
+
+  kubectl create ns "$install_namespace"
+
+  deploy_etcd_cluster "$install_namespace"
+
+  helm install "$cluster_name" greptime/greptimedb-cluster -n "$install_namespace" \
+    --set image.tag="$GREPTIMEDB_IMAGE_TAG" \
+    --set meta.etcdEndpoints="etcd.$install_namespace:2379" \
+    --set storage.s3.bucket="$AWS_CI_TEST_BUCKET" \
+    --set storage.s3.region="$AWS_REGION" \
+    --set storage.s3.root="$DATA_ROOT" \
+    --set storage.s3.secretName=s3-credentials \
+    --set storage.credentials.secretName=s3-credentials \
+    --set storage.credentials.secretCreation.enabled=true \
+    --set storage.credentials.secretCreation.enableEncryption=false \
+    --set storage.credentials.secretCreation.data.access-key-id="$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID" \
+    --set storage.credentials.secretCreation.data.secret-access-key="$AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"
+
+  # Wait for greptimedb cluster to be ready.
+  while true; do
+    PHASE=$(kubectl -n "$install_namespace" get gtc "$cluster_name" -o jsonpath='{.status.clusterPhase}')
+    if [ "$PHASE" == "Running" ]; then
+      echo "Cluster is ready"
+      break
+    else
+      echo "Cluster is not ready yet: Current phase: $PHASE"
+      sleep 5 # wait for 5 seconds before check again.
+    fi
+  done
+
+  # Expose greptimedb cluster to local access.
+  kubectl -n "$install_namespace" port-forward svc/"$cluster_name"-frontend \
+    24000:4000 \
+    24001:4001 \
+    24002:4002 \
+    24003:4003 > /tmp/connections.out &
+}
+
+# Deploy standalone greptimedb.
+# It will expose cluster service ports as '34000', '34001', '34002', '34003' to local access.
+function deploy_standalone_greptimedb() {
+  helm install greptimedb-standalone greptime/greptimedb-standalone \
+    --set image.tag="$GREPTIMEDB_IMAGE_TAG" \
+    -n "$DEFAULT_INSTALL_NAMESPACE"
+
+  # Wait for etcd cluster to be ready.
+  kubectl rollout status statefulset/greptimedb-standalone -n "$DEFAULT_INSTALL_NAMESPACE"
+
+  # Expose greptimedb to local access.
+  kubectl -n "$DEFAULT_INSTALL_NAMESPACE" port-forward svc/greptimedb-standalone \
+    34000:4000 \
+    34001:4001 \
+    34002:4002 \
+    34003:4003 > /tmp/connections.out &
+}
+
+# Entrypoint of the script.
+function main() {
+  create_kind_cluster
+  add_greptime_chart
+
+  # Deploy standalone greptimedb in the same K8s.
+  if [ "$ENABLE_STANDALONE_MODE" == "true" ]; then
+    deploy_standalone_greptimedb
+  fi
+
+  deploy_greptimedb_operator
+  deploy_greptimedb_cluster testcluster testcluster
+  deploy_greptimedb_cluster_with_s3_storage testcluster-s3 testcluster-s3
+}
+
+# Usages:
+# - Deploy greptimedb cluster: ./deploy-greptimedb.sh
+main
--- a/.github/scripts/upload-artifacts-to-s3.sh
+++ b/.github/scripts/upload-artifacts-to-s3.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -e
+set -o pipefail
+
+ARTIFACTS_DIR=$1
+VERSION=$2
+AWS_S3_BUCKET=$3
+RELEASE_DIRS="releases/greptimedb"
+GREPTIMEDB_REPO="GreptimeTeam/greptimedb"
+
+# Check if necessary variables are set.
+function check_vars() {
+  for var in AWS_S3_BUCKET VERSION ARTIFACTS_DIR; do
+    if [ -z "${!var}" ]; then
+      echo "$var is not set or empty."
+      echo "Usage: $0 <artifacts-dir> <version> <aws-s3-bucket>"
+      exit 1
+    fi
+  done
+}
+
+# Uploads artifacts to AWS S3 bucket.
+function upload_artifacts() {
+  # The bucket layout will be:
+  # releases/greptimedb
+  # ├── latest-version.txt
+  # ├── latest-nightly-version.txt
+  # ├── v0.1.0
+  # │   ├── greptime-darwin-amd64-pyo3-v0.1.0.sha256sum
+  # │   └── greptime-darwin-amd64-pyo3-v0.1.0.tar.gz
+  # └── v0.2.0
+  #    ├── greptime-darwin-amd64-pyo3-v0.2.0.sha256sum
+  #    └── greptime-darwin-amd64-pyo3-v0.2.0.tar.gz
+  find "$ARTIFACTS_DIR" -type f \( -name "*.tar.gz" -o -name "*.sha256sum" \) | while IFS= read -r file; do
+    aws s3 cp \
+      "$file" "s3://$AWS_S3_BUCKET/$RELEASE_DIRS/$VERSION/$(basename "$file")"
+  done
+}
+
+# Updates the latest version information in AWS S3 if UPDATE_VERSION_INFO is true.
+function update_version_info() {
+  if [ "$UPDATE_VERSION_INFO" == "true" ]; then
+    # If it's the officail release(like v1.0.0, v1.0.1, v1.0.2, etc.), update latest-version.txt.
+    if [[ "$VERSION" =~ ^v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+      echo "Updating latest-version.txt"
+      echo "$VERSION" > latest-version.txt
+      aws s3 cp \
+        latest-version.txt "s3://$AWS_S3_BUCKET/$RELEASE_DIRS/latest-version.txt"
+    fi
+
+    # If it's the nightly release, update latest-nightly-version.txt.
+    if [[ "$VERSION" == *"nightly"* ]]; then
+      echo "Updating latest-nightly-version.txt"
+      echo "$VERSION" > latest-nightly-version.txt
+      aws s3 cp \
+        latest-nightly-version.txt "s3://$AWS_S3_BUCKET/$RELEASE_DIRS/latest-nightly-version.txt"
+    fi
+  fi
+}
+
+# Downloads artifacts from Github if DOWNLOAD_ARTIFACTS_FROM_GITHUB is true.
+function download_artifacts_from_github() {
+  if [ "$DOWNLOAD_ARTIFACTS_FROM_GITHUB" == "true" ]; then
+    # Check if jq is installed.
+    if ! command -v jq &> /dev/null; then
+      echo "jq is not installed. Please install jq to continue."
+      exit 1
+    fi
+
+    # Get the latest release API response.
+    RELEASES_API_RESPONSE=$(curl -s -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" "https://api.github.com/repos/$GREPTIMEDB_REPO/releases/latest")
+
+    # Extract download URLs for the artifacts.
+    # Exclude source code archives which are typically named as 'greptimedb-<version>.zip' or 'greptimedb-<version>.tar.gz'.
+    ASSET_URLS=$(echo "$RELEASES_API_RESPONSE" | jq -r '.assets[] | select(.name | test("greptimedb-.*\\.(zip|tar\\.gz)$") | not) | .browser_download_url')
+
+    # Download each asset.
+    while IFS= read -r url; do
+      if [ -n "$url" ]; then
+        curl -LJO "$url"
+        echo "Downloaded: $url"
+      fi
+    done <<< "$ASSET_URLS"
+  fi
+}
+
+function main() {
+  check_vars
+  download_artifacts_from_github
+  upload_artifacts
+  update_version_info
+}
+
+# Usage example:
+#   AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=<your_access_key_id> \
+#   AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=<your_secret_access_key> \
+#   AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=<your_region> \
+#   UPDATE_VERSION_INFO=true \
+#   DOWNLOAD_ARTIFACTS_FROM_GITHUB=false \
+#     ./upload-artifacts-to-s3.sh <artifacts-dir> <version> <aws-s3-bucket>
+main
--- a/.github/workflows/apidoc.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/apidoc.yml
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ on:
 name: Build API docs

 env:
-  RUST_TOOLCHAIN: nightly-2023-08-07
+  RUST_TOOLCHAIN: nightly-2023-10-21

 jobs:
  apidoc:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
    - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v1
--- a/.github/workflows/dev-build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/dev-build.yml
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ on:
        description: The runner uses to build linux-amd64 artifacts
        default: ec2-c6i.4xlarge-amd64
        options:
-          - ubuntu-latest
-          - ubuntu-latest-8-cores
-          - ubuntu-latest-16-cores
-          - ubuntu-latest-32-cores
-          - ubuntu-latest-64-cores
+          - ubuntu-20.04
+          - ubuntu-20.04-8-cores
+          - ubuntu-20.04-16-cores
+          - ubuntu-20.04-32-cores
+          - ubuntu-20.04-64-cores
          - ec2-c6i.xlarge-amd64 # 4C8G
          - ec2-c6i.2xlarge-amd64 # 8C16G
          - ec2-c6i.4xlarge-amd64 # 16C32G
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ jobs:
  allocate-runners:
    name: Allocate runners
    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    outputs:
      linux-amd64-runner: ${{ steps.start-linux-amd64-runner.outputs.label }}
      linux-arm64-runner: ${{ steps.start-linux-arm64-runner.outputs.label }}
@@ -164,12 +164,7 @@ jobs:
          cargo-profile: ${{ env.CARGO_PROFILE }}
          version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
          disable-run-tests: ${{ env.DISABLE_RUN_TESTS }}
-          release-to-s3-bucket: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET }}
-          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
-          aws-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
-          aws-region: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET_REGION }}
          dev-mode: true # Only build the standard greptime binary.
-          upload-to-s3: false # No need to upload to S3.
          working-dir: ${{ env.CHECKOUT_GREPTIMEDB_PATH }}

  build-linux-arm64-artifacts:
@@ -198,12 +193,7 @@ jobs:
          cargo-profile: ${{ env.CARGO_PROFILE }}
          version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
          disable-run-tests: ${{ env.DISABLE_RUN_TESTS }}
-          release-to-s3-bucket: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET }}
-          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
-          aws-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
-          aws-region: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET_REGION }}
          dev-mode: true # Only build the standard greptime binary.
-          upload-to-s3: false # No need to upload to S3.
          working-dir: ${{ env.CHECKOUT_GREPTIMEDB_PATH }}

  release-images-to-dockerhub:
@@ -214,7 +204,7 @@ jobs:
      build-linux-amd64-artifacts,
      build-linux-arm64-artifacts,
    ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    outputs:
      build-result: ${{ steps.set-build-result.outputs.build-result }}
    steps:
@@ -239,41 +229,44 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          echo "build-result=success" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT

-  release-images-to-acr:
-    name: Build and push images to ACR
+  release-cn-artifacts:
+    name: Release artifacts to CN region
    if: ${{ inputs.release_images || github.event_name == 'schedule' }}
    needs: [
      allocate-runners,
-      build-linux-amd64-artifacts,
-      build-linux-arm64-artifacts,
+      release-images-to-dockerhub,
    ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    # When we push to ACR, it's easy to fail due to some unknown network issues.
-    # However, we don't want to fail the whole workflow because of this.
-    # The ACR have daily sync with DockerHub, so don't worry about the image not being updated.
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    continue-on-error: true
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0

-      - name: Build and push images to ACR
-        uses: ./.github/actions/build-images
+      - name: Release artifacts to CN region
+        uses: ./.github/actions/release-cn-artifacts
        with:
-          image-registry: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
-          image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          image-name: ${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
-          image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_USERNAME }}
-          image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_PASSWORD }}
+          src-image-registry: docker.io
+          src-image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
+          src-image-name: ${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
+          dst-image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_USERNAME }}
+          dst-image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_PASSWORD }}
+          dst-image-registry: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
+          dst-image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
          version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
-          push-latest-tag: false # Don't push the latest tag to registry.
-          dev-mode: true # Only build the standard images.
+          aws-cn-s3-bucket: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET }}
+          aws-cn-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
+          aws-cn-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
+          aws-cn-region: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET_REGION }}
+          dev-mode: true                     # Only build the standard images(exclude centos images).
+          push-latest-tag: false             # Don't push the latest tag to registry.
+          update-version-info: false         # Don't update the version info in S3.

  stop-linux-amd64-runner: # It's always run as the last job in the workflow to make sure that the runner is released.
    name: Stop linux-amd64 runner
    # Only run this job when the runner is allocated.
    if: ${{ always() }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    needs: [
      allocate-runners,
      build-linux-amd64-artifacts,
@@ -298,7 +291,7 @@ jobs:
    name: Stop linux-arm64 runner
    # Only run this job when the runner is allocated.
    if: ${{ always() }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    needs: [
      allocate-runners,
      build-linux-arm64-artifacts,
@@ -325,7 +318,7 @@ jobs:
    needs: [
      release-images-to-dockerhub
    ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    env:
      SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_DEVELOP_CHANNEL }}
    steps:
--- a/.github/workflows/develop.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/develop.yml
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ concurrency:
  cancel-in-progress: true

 env:
-  RUST_TOOLCHAIN: nightly-2023-08-07
+  RUST_TOOLCHAIN: nightly-2023-10-21

 jobs:
  typos:
    name: Spell Check with Typos
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - uses: crate-ci/typos@v1.13.10
@@ -42,7 +42,10 @@ jobs:
  check:
    name: Check
    if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ windows-latest-8-cores, ubuntu-20.04 ]
    timeout-minutes: 60
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
@@ -60,7 +63,7 @@ jobs:
  toml:
    name: Toml Check
    if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    timeout-minutes: 60
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
@@ -80,7 +83,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        os: [ ubuntu-latest-8-cores, windows-latest-8-cores ]
+        os: [ ubuntu-20.04-8-cores ]
    timeout-minutes: 60
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
@@ -105,7 +108,7 @@ jobs:
  fmt:
    name: Rustfmt
    if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    timeout-minutes: 60
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ jobs:
  clippy:
    name: Clippy
    if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    timeout-minutes: 60
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
@@ -142,7 +145,7 @@ jobs:

  coverage:
    if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest-8-cores
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04-8-cores
    timeout-minutes: 60
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
@@ -161,15 +164,18 @@ jobs:
        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
      - name: Install latest nextest release
        uses: taiki-e/install-action@nextest
+      - name: Install cargo-llvm-cov
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-llvm-cov
      - name: Install Python
        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
        with:
          python-version: '3.10'
      - name: Install PyArrow Package
        run: pip install pyarrow
-      - name: Install cargo-llvm-cov
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-llvm-cov
-      - name: Collect coverage data
+      - name: Setup etcd server
+        working-directory: tests-integration/fixtures/etcd
+        run: docker compose -f docker-compose-standalone.yml up -d --wait
+      - name: Run nextest cases
        run: cargo llvm-cov nextest --workspace --lcov --output-path lcov.info -F pyo3_backend -F dashboard
        env:
          CARGO_BUILD_RUSTFLAGS: "-C link-arg=-fuse-ld=lld"
@@ -179,6 +185,7 @@ jobs:
          GT_S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
          GT_S3_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.S3_ACCESS_KEY }}
          GT_S3_REGION: ${{ secrets.S3_REGION }}
+          GT_ETCD_ENDPOINTS: http://127.0.0.1:2379
          UNITTEST_LOG_DIR: "__unittest_logs"
      - name: Codecov upload
        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v2
@@ -188,43 +195,3 @@ jobs:
          flags: rust
          fail_ci_if_error: false
          verbose: true
-
-  test-on-windows:
-    if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
-    runs-on: windows-latest-8-cores
-    timeout-minutes: 60
-    steps:
-      - run: git config --global core.autocrlf false
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v1
-        with:
-          repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Install Rust toolchain
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
-        with:
-          toolchain: ${{ env.RUST_TOOLCHAIN }}
-          components: llvm-tools-preview
-      - name: Rust Cache
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
-      - name: Install Cargo Nextest
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@nextest
-      - name: Install Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: '3.10'
-      - name: Install PyArrow Package
-        run: pip install pyarrow
-      - name: Install WSL distribution
-        uses: Vampire/setup-wsl@v2
-        with:
-          distribution: Ubuntu-22.04
-      - name: Running tests
-        run: cargo nextest run -F pyo3_backend,dashboard
-        env:
-          RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
-          CARGO_INCREMENTAL: 0
-          GT_S3_BUCKET: ${{ secrets.S3_BUCKET }}
-          GT_S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
-          GT_S3_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.S3_ACCESS_KEY }}
-          GT_S3_REGION: ${{ secrets.S3_REGION }}
-          UNITTEST_LOG_DIR: "__unittest_logs"
--- a/.github/workflows/doc-issue.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/doc-issue.yml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ on:
 jobs:
  doc_issue:
    if: github.event.label.name == 'doc update required'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    steps:
      - name: create an issue in doc repo
        uses: dacbd/create-issue-action@main
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
            ${{ github.event.issue.html_url || github.event.pull_request.html_url }}
  cloud_issue:
    if: github.event.label.name == 'cloud followup required'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    steps:
      - name: create an issue in cloud repo
        uses: dacbd/create-issue-action@main
--- a/.github/workflows/docs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docs.yml
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ name: CI
 jobs:
  typos:
    name: Spell Check with Typos
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - uses: crate-ci/typos@v1.13.10
@@ -38,33 +38,33 @@ jobs:
  check:
    name: Check
    if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    steps:
      - run: 'echo "No action required"'

  fmt:
    name: Rustfmt
    if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    steps:
      - run: 'echo "No action required"'

  clippy:
    name: Clippy
    if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    steps:
      - run: 'echo "No action required"'

  coverage:
    if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    steps:
      - run: 'echo "No action required"'

  sqlness:
    name: Sqlness Test
    if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    steps:
      - run: 'echo "No action required"'
--- a/.github/workflows/license.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/license.yaml
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ on:
    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, ready_for_review]
 jobs:
  license-header-check:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    name: license-header-check
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
    - name: Check License Header
-      uses: apache/skywalking-eyes/header@df70871af1a8109c9a5b1dc824faaf65246c5236
+      uses: korandoru/hawkeye@v3
--- a/.github/workflows/nightly-build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nightly-build.yml
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ on:
        description: The runner uses to build linux-amd64 artifacts
        default: ec2-c6i.2xlarge-amd64
        options:
-          - ubuntu-latest
-          - ubuntu-latest-8-cores
-          - ubuntu-latest-16-cores
-          - ubuntu-latest-32-cores
-          - ubuntu-latest-64-cores
+          - ubuntu-20.04
+          - ubuntu-20.04-8-cores
+          - ubuntu-20.04-16-cores
+          - ubuntu-20.04-32-cores
+          - ubuntu-20.04-64-cores
          - ec2-c6i.xlarge-amd64 # 4C8G
          - ec2-c6i.2xlarge-amd64 # 8C16G
          - ec2-c6i.4xlarge-amd64 # 16C32G
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ jobs:
  allocate-runners:
    name: Allocate runners
    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    outputs:
      linux-amd64-runner: ${{ steps.start-linux-amd64-runner.outputs.label }}
      linux-arm64-runner: ${{ steps.start-linux-arm64-runner.outputs.label }}
@@ -147,11 +147,6 @@ jobs:
          cargo-profile: ${{ env.CARGO_PROFILE }}
          version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
          disable-run-tests: ${{ env.DISABLE_RUN_TESTS }}
-          release-to-s3-bucket: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET }}
-          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
-          aws-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
-          aws-region: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET_REGION }}
-          upload-latest-artifacts: false

  build-linux-arm64-artifacts:
    name: Build linux-arm64 artifacts
@@ -171,11 +166,6 @@ jobs:
          cargo-profile: ${{ env.CARGO_PROFILE }}
          version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
          disable-run-tests: ${{ env.DISABLE_RUN_TESTS }}
-          release-to-s3-bucket: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET }}
-          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
-          aws-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
-          aws-region: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET_REGION }}
-          upload-latest-artifacts: false

  release-images-to-dockerhub:
    name: Build and push images to DockerHub
@@ -185,7 +175,7 @@ jobs:
      build-linux-amd64-artifacts,
      build-linux-arm64-artifacts,
    ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    outputs:
      nightly-build-result: ${{ steps.set-nightly-build-result.outputs.nightly-build-result }}
    steps:
@@ -208,15 +198,14 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          echo "nightly-build-result=success" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT

-  release-images-to-acr:
-    name: Build and push images to ACR
+  release-cn-artifacts:
+    name: Release artifacts to CN region
    if: ${{ inputs.release_images || github.event_name == 'schedule' }}
    needs: [
      allocate-runners,
-      build-linux-amd64-artifacts,
-      build-linux-arm64-artifacts,
+      release-images-to-dockerhub,
    ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    # When we push to ACR, it's easy to fail due to some unknown network issues.
    # However, we don't want to fail the whole workflow because of this.
    # The ACR have daily sync with DockerHub, so don't worry about the image not being updated.
@@ -226,21 +215,30 @@ jobs:
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0

-      - name: Build and push images to ACR
-        uses: ./.github/actions/build-images
+      - name: Release artifacts to CN region
+        uses: ./.github/actions/release-cn-artifacts
        with:
-          image-registry: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
-          image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_USERNAME }}
-          image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_PASSWORD }}
+          src-image-registry: docker.io
+          src-image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
+          src-image-name: greptimedb
+          dst-image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_USERNAME }}
+          dst-image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_PASSWORD }}
+          dst-image-registry: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
+          dst-image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
          version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
-          push-latest-tag: false # Don't push the latest tag to registry.
+          aws-cn-s3-bucket: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET }}
+          aws-cn-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
+          aws-cn-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
+          aws-cn-region: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET_REGION }}
+          dev-mode: false
+          update-version-info: false  # Don't update version info in S3.
+          push-latest-tag: false      # Don't push the latest tag to registry.

  stop-linux-amd64-runner: # It's always run as the last job in the workflow to make sure that the runner is released.
    name: Stop linux-amd64 runner
    # Only run this job when the runner is allocated.
    if: ${{ always() }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    needs: [
      allocate-runners,
      build-linux-amd64-artifacts,
@@ -265,7 +263,7 @@ jobs:
    name: Stop linux-arm64 runner
    # Only run this job when the runner is allocated.
    if: ${{ always() }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    needs: [
      allocate-runners,
      build-linux-arm64-artifacts,
@@ -292,7 +290,7 @@ jobs:
    needs: [
      release-images-to-dockerhub
    ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    env:
      SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_DEVELOP_CHANNEL }}
    steps:
--- a/.github/workflows/nightly-ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nightly-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+# Nightly CI: runs tests every night for our second tier plaforms (Windows)
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 23 * * 1-5'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+name: Nightly CI
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+env:
+  RUST_TOOLCHAIN: nightly-2023-10-21
+
+jobs:
+  sqlness:
+    name: Sqlness Test
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ windows-latest-8-cores ]
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.0
+      - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v1
+        with:
+          repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
+        with:
+          toolchain: ${{ env.RUST_TOOLCHAIN }}
+      - name: Rust Cache
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+      - name: Run sqlness
+        run: cargo sqlness
+      - name: Notify slack if failed
+        if: failure()
+        uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@v1.23.0
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_DEVELOP_CHANNEL }}
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {"text": "Nightly CI failed for sqlness tests"}
+      - name: Upload sqlness logs
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: sqlness-logs
+          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/greptime-*.log
+          retention-days: 3
+
+  test-on-windows:
+    runs-on: windows-latest-8-cores
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    steps:
+      - run: git config --global core.autocrlf false
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.0
+      - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v1
+        with:
+          repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Install Rust toolchain
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
+        with:
+          toolchain: ${{ env.RUST_TOOLCHAIN }}
+          components: llvm-tools-preview
+      - name: Rust Cache
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+      - name: Install Cargo Nextest
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@nextest
+      - name: Install Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.10'
+      - name: Install PyArrow Package
+        run: pip install pyarrow
+      - name: Install WSL distribution
+        uses: Vampire/setup-wsl@v2
+        with:
+          distribution: Ubuntu-22.04
+      - name: Running tests
+        run: cargo nextest run -F pyo3_backend,dashboard
+        env:
+          RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
+          CARGO_INCREMENTAL: 0
+          GT_S3_BUCKET: ${{ secrets.S3_BUCKET }}
+          GT_S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
+          GT_S3_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.S3_ACCESS_KEY }}
+          GT_S3_REGION: ${{ secrets.S3_REGION }}
+          UNITTEST_LOG_DIR: "__unittest_logs"
+      - name: Notify slack if failed
+        if: failure()
+        uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@v1.23.0
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_DEVELOP_CHANNEL }}
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {"text": "Nightly CI failed for cargo test"}
--- a/.github/workflows/nightly-funtional-tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nightly-funtional-tests.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+name: Nightly functional tests
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    # At 00:00 on Tuesday.
+    - cron: '0 0 * * 2'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  sqlness-test:
+    name: Run sqlness test
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Run sqlness test
+        uses: ./.github/actions/sqlness-test
+        with:
+          data-root: sqlness-test
+          aws-ci-test-bucket: ${{ vars.AWS_CI_TEST_BUCKET }}
+          aws-region: ${{ vars.AWS_CI_TEST_BUCKET_REGION }}
+          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_CI_TEST_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
+          aws-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_CI_TEST_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
--- a/.github/workflows/pr-title-checker.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr-title-checker.yml
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ on:

 jobs:
  check:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    timeout-minutes: 10
    steps:
      - uses: thehanimo/pr-title-checker@v1.3.4
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
          pass_on_octokit_error: false
          configuration_path: ".github/pr-title-checker-config.json"
  breaking:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    timeout-minutes: 10
    steps:
      - uses: thehanimo/pr-title-checker@v1.3.4
--- a/.github/workflows/release-dev-builder-images.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-dev-builder-images.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+name: Release dev-builder images
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch: # Allows you to run this workflow manually.
+    inputs:
+      version:
+        description: Version of the dev-builder
+        required: false
+        default: latest
+      release_dev_builder_ubuntu_image:
+        type: boolean
+        description: Release dev-builder-ubuntu image
+        required: false
+        default: false
+      release_dev_builder_centos_image:
+        type: boolean
+        description: Release dev-builder-centos image
+        required: false
+        default: false
+      release_dev_builder_android_image:
+        type: boolean
+        description: Release dev-builder-android image
+        required: false
+        default: false
+
+jobs:
+  release-dev-builder-images:
+    name: Release dev builder images
+    if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_ubuntu_image || inputs.release_dev_builder_centos_image || inputs.release_dev_builder_android_image }} # Only manually trigger this job.
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04-16-cores
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Build and push dev builder images
+        uses: ./.github/actions/build-dev-builder-images
+        with:
+          version: ${{ inputs.version }}
+          dockerhub-image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
+          dockerhub-image-registry-token: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
+          build-dev-builder-ubuntu: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_ubuntu_image }}
+          build-dev-builder-centos: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_centos_image }}
+          build-dev-builder-android: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_android_image }}
+
+  release-dev-builder-images-cn: # Note: Be careful issue: https://github.com/containers/skopeo/issues/1874 and we decide to use the latest stable skopeo container.
+    name: Release dev builder images to CN region
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    needs: [
+      release-dev-builder-images
+    ]
+    steps:
+      - name: Push dev-builder-ubuntu image
+        shell: bash
+        if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_ubuntu_image }}
+        env:
+          DST_REGISTRY_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_USERNAME }}
+          DST_REGISTRY_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_PASSWORD }}
+        run: |
+          docker run quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-ubuntu:${{ inputs.version }} \
+            --dest-creds "$DST_REGISTRY_USERNAME":"$DST_REGISTRY_PASSWORD" \
+            docker://${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-ubuntu:${{ inputs.version }}
+
+      - name: Push dev-builder-centos image
+        shell: bash
+        if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_centos_image }}
+        env:
+          DST_REGISTRY_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_USERNAME }}
+          DST_REGISTRY_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_PASSWORD }}
+        run: |
+          docker run quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-centos:${{ inputs.version }} \
+            --dest-creds "$DST_REGISTRY_USERNAME":"$DST_REGISTRY_PASSWORD" \
+            docker://${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-centos:${{ inputs.version }}
+
+      - name: Push dev-builder-android image
+        shell: bash
+        if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_android_image }}
+        env:
+          DST_REGISTRY_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_USERNAME }}
+          DST_REGISTRY_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_PASSWORD }}
+        run: |
+          docker run quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest copy -a docker://docker.io/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-android:${{ inputs.version }} \
+            --dest-creds "$DST_REGISTRY_USERNAME":"$DST_REGISTRY_PASSWORD" \
+            docker://${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}/${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}/dev-builder-android:${{ inputs.version }}
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ on:
        description: The runner uses to build linux-amd64 artifacts
        default: ec2-c6i.4xlarge-amd64
        options:
-          - ubuntu-latest
-          - ubuntu-latest-8-cores
-          - ubuntu-latest-16-cores
-          - ubuntu-latest-32-cores
-          - ubuntu-latest-64-cores
+          - ubuntu-20.04
+          - ubuntu-20.04-8-cores
+          - ubuntu-20.04-16-cores
+          - ubuntu-20.04-32-cores
+          - ubuntu-20.04-64-cores
          - ec2-c6i.xlarge-amd64 # 4C8G
          - ec2-c6i.2xlarge-amd64 # 8C16G
          - ec2-c6i.4xlarge-amd64 # 16C32G
@@ -63,7 +63,12 @@ on:
        description: Build macos artifacts
        required: false
        default: false
-      release_artifacts:
+      build_windows_artifacts:
+        type: boolean
+        description: Build Windows artifacts
+        required: false
+        default: false
+      publish_github_release:
        type: boolean
        description: Create GitHub release and upload artifacts
        required: false
@@ -73,16 +78,11 @@ on:
        description: Build and push images to DockerHub and ACR
        required: false
        default: false
-      release_dev_builder_image:
-        type: boolean
-        description: Release dev-builder image
-        required: false
-        default: false

 # Use env variables to control all the release process.
 env:
  # The arguments of building greptime.
-  RUST_TOOLCHAIN: nightly-2023-08-07
+  RUST_TOOLCHAIN: nightly-2023-10-21
  CARGO_PROFILE: nightly

  # Controls whether to run tests, include unit-test, integration-test and sqlness.
@@ -91,17 +91,18 @@ env:
  # The scheduled version is '${{ env.NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION }}-nightly-YYYYMMDD', like v0.2.0-nigthly-20230313;
  NIGHTLY_RELEASE_PREFIX: nightly
  # Note: The NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION should be modified manually by every formal release.
-  NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION: v0.4.0
+  NEXT_RELEASE_VERSION: v0.5.0

 jobs:
  allocate-runners:
    name: Allocate runners
    if: ${{ github.repository == 'GreptimeTeam/greptimedb' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    outputs:
      linux-amd64-runner: ${{ steps.start-linux-amd64-runner.outputs.label }}
      linux-arm64-runner: ${{ steps.start-linux-arm64-runner.outputs.label }}
      macos-runner: ${{ inputs.macos_runner || vars.DEFAULT_MACOS_RUNNER }}
+      windows-runner: windows-latest-8-cores

      # The following EC2 resource id will be used for resource releasing.
      linux-amd64-ec2-runner-label: ${{ steps.start-linux-amd64-runner.outputs.label }}
@@ -177,10 +178,6 @@ jobs:
          cargo-profile: ${{ env.CARGO_PROFILE }}
          version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
          disable-run-tests: ${{ env.DISABLE_RUN_TESTS }}
-          release-to-s3-bucket: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET }}
-          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
-          aws-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
-          aws-region: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET_REGION }}

  build-linux-arm64-artifacts:
    name: Build linux-arm64 artifacts
@@ -200,10 +197,6 @@ jobs:
          cargo-profile: ${{ env.CARGO_PROFILE }}
          version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
          disable-run-tests: ${{ env.DISABLE_RUN_TESTS }}
-          release-to-s3-bucket: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET }}
-          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
-          aws-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
-          aws-region: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET_REGION }}

  build-macos-artifacts:
    name: Build macOS artifacts
@@ -245,11 +238,43 @@ jobs:
          features: ${{ matrix.features }}
          version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
          disable-run-tests: ${{ env.DISABLE_RUN_TESTS }}
-          release-to-s3-bucket: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET }}
          artifacts-dir: ${{ matrix.artifacts-dir-prefix }}-${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
-          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
-          aws-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
-          aws-region: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET_REGION }}
+
+  build-windows-artifacts:
+    name: Build Windows artifacts
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - os: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.windows-runner }}
+            arch: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
+            features: servers/dashboard
+            artifacts-dir-prefix: greptime-windows-amd64
+          - os: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.windows-runner }}
+            arch: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
+            features: pyo3_backend,servers/dashboard
+            artifacts-dir-prefix: greptime-windows-amd64-pyo3
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    needs: [
+      allocate-runners,
+    ]
+    if: ${{ inputs.build_windows_artifacts || github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'schedule' }}
+    steps:
+      - run: git config --global core.autocrlf false
+
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/build-windows-artifacts
+        with:
+          arch: ${{ matrix.arch }}
+          rust-toolchain: ${{ env.RUST_TOOLCHAIN }}
+          cargo-profile: ${{ env.CARGO_PROFILE }}
+          features: ${{ matrix.features }}
+          version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
+          disable-run-tests: ${{ env.DISABLE_RUN_TESTS }}
+          artifacts-dir: ${{ matrix.artifacts-dir-prefix }}-${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}

  release-images-to-dockerhub:
    name: Build and push images to DockerHub
@@ -274,15 +299,18 @@ jobs:
          image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
          version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}

-  release-images-to-acr:
-    name: Build and push images to ACR
+  release-cn-artifacts:
+    name: Release artifacts to CN region
    if: ${{ inputs.release_images || github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'schedule' }}
-    needs: [
+    needs: [ # The job have to wait for all the artifacts are built.
      allocate-runners,
      build-linux-amd64-artifacts,
      build-linux-arm64-artifacts,
+      build-macos-artifacts,
+      build-windows-artifacts,
+      release-images-to-dockerhub,
    ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-2004-16-cores
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    # When we push to ACR, it's easy to fail due to some unknown network issues.
    # However, we don't want to fail the whole workflow because of this.
    # The ACR have daily sync with DockerHub, so don't worry about the image not being updated.
@@ -292,55 +320,47 @@ jobs:
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0

-      - name: Build and push images to ACR
-        uses: ./.github/actions/build-images
+      - name: Release artifacts to CN region
+        uses: ./.github/actions/release-cn-artifacts
        with:
-          image-registry: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
-          image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
-          image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_USERNAME }}
-          image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_PASSWORD }}
+          src-image-registry: docker.io
+          src-image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
+          src-image-name: greptimedb
+          dst-image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_USERNAME }}
+          dst-image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_PASSWORD }}
+          dst-image-registry: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
+          dst-image-namespace: ${{ vars.IMAGE_NAMESPACE }}
          version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}
+          aws-cn-s3-bucket: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET }}
+          aws-cn-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
+          aws-cn-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_CN_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
+          aws-cn-region: ${{ vars.AWS_RELEASE_BUCKET_REGION }}
+          dev-mode: false
+          update-version-info: true
+          push-latest-tag: true

-  release-artifacts:
+  publish-github-release:
    name: Create GitHub release and upload artifacts
-    if: ${{ inputs.release_artifacts || github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'schedule' }}
-    needs: [
+    if: ${{ inputs.publish_github_release || github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'schedule' }}
+    needs: [ # The job have to wait for all the artifacts are built.
      allocate-runners,
      build-linux-amd64-artifacts,
      build-linux-arm64-artifacts,
      build-macos-artifacts,
+      build-windows-artifacts,
      release-images-to-dockerhub,
    ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0

-      - name: Release artifacts
-        uses: ./.github/actions/release-artifacts
+      - name: Publish GitHub release
+        uses: ./.github/actions/publish-github-release
        with:
          version: ${{ needs.allocate-runners.outputs.version }}

-  release-dev-builder-image:
-    name: Release dev builder image
-    if: ${{ inputs.release_dev_builder_image }} # Only manually trigger this job.
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest-16-cores
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-
-      - name: Build and push dev builder image
-        uses: ./.github/actions/build-dev-builder-image
-        with:
-          dockerhub-image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
-          dockerhub-image-registry-token: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
-          acr-image-registry: ${{ vars.ACR_IMAGE_REGISTRY }}
-          acr-image-registry-username: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_USERNAME }}
-          acr-image-registry-password: ${{ secrets.ALICLOUD_PASSWORD }}
-
  ### Stop runners ###
  # It's very necessary to split the job of releasing runners into 'stop-linux-amd64-runner' and 'stop-linux-arm64-runner'.
  # Because we can terminate the specified EC2 instance immediately after the job is finished without uncessary waiting.
@@ -348,7 +368,7 @@ jobs:
    name: Stop linux-amd64 runner
    # Only run this job when the runner is allocated.
    if: ${{ always() }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    needs: [
      allocate-runners,
      build-linux-amd64-artifacts,
@@ -373,7 +393,7 @@ jobs:
    name: Stop linux-arm64 runner
    # Only run this job when the runner is allocated.
    if: ${{ always() }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    needs: [
      allocate-runners,
      build-linux-arm64-artifacts,
--- a/.github/workflows/size-label.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/size-label.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+name: size-labeler
+
+on: [pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  labeler:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    name: Label the PR size
+    steps:
+      - uses: codelytv/pr-size-labeler@v1
+        with:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          s_label: 'Size: S'
+          s_max_size: '100'
+          m_label: 'Size: M'
+          m_max_size: '500'
+          l_label: 'Size: L'
+          l_max_size: '1000'
+          xl_label: 'Size: XL'
+          fail_if_xl: 'false'
+          message_if_xl: >
+            This PR exceeds the recommended size of 1000 lines.
+            Please make sure you are NOT addressing multiple issues with one PR.
+            Note this PR might be rejected due to its size.
+          github_api_url: 'api.github.com'
+          files_to_ignore: 'Cargo.lock'
--- a/.licenserc.yaml
+++ b/.licenserc.yaml
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-header:
-  license:
-    spdx-id: Apache-2.0
-    copyright-owner: Greptime Team
-
-  paths:
-    - "**/*.rs"
-    - "**/*.py"
-
-  comment: on-failure
-
-dependency:
-  files:
-    - Cargo.toml
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@

 Thanks a lot for considering contributing to GreptimeDB. We believe people like you would make GreptimeDB a great product. We intend to build a community where individuals can have open talks, show respect for one another, and speak with true ❤️. Meanwhile, we are to keep transparency and make your effort count here.

-Read the guidelines, and they can help you get started. Communicate with respect to developers maintaining and developing the project. In return, they should reciprocate that respect by addressing your issue, reviewing changes, as well as helping finalize and merge your pull requests.
+Please read the guidelines, and they can help you get started. Communicate with respect to developers maintaining and developing the project. In return, they should reciprocate that respect by addressing your issue, reviewing changes, as well as helping finalize and merge your pull requests.

 Follow our [README](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb#readme) to get the whole picture of the project. To learn about the design of GreptimeDB, please refer to the [design docs](https://github.com/GrepTimeTeam/docs).

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Pull requests are great, but we accept all kinds of other help if you like. Such
 - Write tutorials or blog posts. Blog, speak about, or create tutorials about one of GreptimeDB's many features. Mention [@greptime](https://twitter.com/greptime) on Twitter and email info@greptime.com so we can give pointers and tips and help you spread the word by promoting your content on Greptime communication channels.
 - Improve the documentation. [Submit documentation](http://github.com/greptimeTeam/docs/) updates, enhancements, designs, or bug fixes, and fixing any spelling or grammar errors will be very much appreciated.
 - Present at meetups and conferences about your GreptimeDB projects. Your unique challenges and successes in building things with GreptimeDB can provide great speaking material. We'd love to review your talk abstract, so get in touch with us if you'd like some help!
- Submit bug reports. To report a bug or a security issue, you can [open a new GitHub issue](https://github.com/GrepTimeTeam/greptimedb/issues/new).
+- Submitting bug reports. To report a bug or a security issue, you can [open a new GitHub issue](https://github.com/GrepTimeTeam/greptimedb/issues/new).
 - Speak up feature requests. Send feedback is a great way for us to understand your different use cases of GreptimeDB better. If you want to share your experience with GreptimeDB, or if you want to discuss any ideas, you can start a discussion on [GitHub discussions](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/discussions), chat with the Greptime team on [Slack](https://greptime.com/slack), or you can tweet [@greptime](https://twitter.com/greptime) on Twitter.

 ## Code of Conduct
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ GreptimeDB uses the [Apache 2.0 license](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptim
 ### Before PR

 - To ensure that community is free and confident in its ability to use your contributions, please sign the Contributor License Agreement (CLA) which will be incorporated in the pull request process.
+- Make sure all files have proper license header (running `docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/github/workspace ghcr.io/korandoru/hawkeye-native:v3 format` from the project root).
 - Make sure all your codes are formatted and follow the [coding style](https://pingcap.github.io/style-guide/rust/).
 - Make sure all unit tests are passed (using `cargo test --workspace` or [nextest](https://nexte.st/index.html) `cargo nextest run`).
 - Make sure all clippy warnings are fixed (you can check it locally by running `cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets -- -D warnings`).
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ Now, `pre-commit` will run automatically on `git commit`.
 ### Title

 The titles of pull requests should be prefixed with category names listed in [Conventional Commits specification](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/en/v1.0.0)
-like `feat`/`fix`/`docs`, with a concise summary of code change following. DO NOT use last commit message as pull request title.
+like `feat`/`fix`/`docs`, with a concise summary of code change following. AVOID using the last commit message as pull request title.

 ### Description

@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ of what you were trying to do and what went wrong. You can also reach for help i

 ## Community

-The core team will be thrilled if you participate in any way you like. When you are stuck, try ask for help by filing an issue, with a detailed description of what you were trying to do and what went wrong. If you have any questions or if you would like to get involved in our community, please check out:
+The core team will be thrilled if you would like to participate in any way you like. When you are stuck, try to ask for help by filing an issue, with a detailed description of what you were trying to do and what went wrong. If you have any questions or if you would like to get involved in our community, please check out:

 - [GreptimeDB Community Slack](https://greptime.com/slack)
 - [GreptimeDB Github Discussions](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/discussions)
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -8,10 +8,11 @@ members = [
    "src/cmd",
    "src/common/base",
    "src/common/catalog",
+    "src/common/config",
    "src/common/datasource",
    "src/common/error",
    "src/common/function",
-    "src/common/function-macro",
+    "src/common/macro",
    "src/common/greptimedb-telemetry",
    "src/common/grpc",
    "src/common/grpc-expr",
@@ -26,72 +27,101 @@ members = [
    "src/common/telemetry",
    "src/common/test-util",
    "src/common/time",
+    "src/common/decimal",
    "src/common/version",
    "src/datanode",
    "src/datatypes",
-    "src/file-table-engine",
+    "src/file-engine",
    "src/frontend",
    "src/log-store",
    "src/meta-client",
    "src/meta-srv",
-    "src/mito",
+    "src/metric-engine",
    "src/mito2",
    "src/object-store",
+    "src/operator",
    "src/partition",
+    "src/plugins",
    "src/promql",
+    "src/puffin",
    "src/query",
    "src/script",
    "src/servers",
    "src/session",
    "src/sql",
-    "src/storage",
    "src/store-api",
    "src/table",
-    "src/table-procedure",
+    "src/index",
    "tests-integration",
    "tests/runner",
 ]
 resolver = "2"

 [workspace.package]
-version = "0.4.0-nightly"
+version = "0.4.4"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "Apache-2.0"

 [workspace.dependencies]
-arrow = { version = "43.0" }
-etcd-client = "0.11"
-arrow-array = "43.0"
-arrow-flight = "43.0"
-arrow-schema = { version = "43.0", features = ["serde"] }
+ahash = { version = "0.8", features = ["compile-time-rng"] }
+aquamarine = "0.3"
+arrow = { version = "47.0" }
+arrow-array = "47.0"
+arrow-flight = "47.0"
+arrow-schema = { version = "47.0", features = ["serde"] }
 async-stream = "0.3"
 async-trait = "0.1"
+base64 = "0.21"
+bigdecimal = "0.4.2"
+bitflags = "2.4.1"
+bytemuck = "1.12"
 chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["serde"] }
-datafusion = { git = "https://github.com/waynexia/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "c0b0fca548e99d020c76e1a1cd7132aab26000e1" }
-datafusion-common = { git = "https://github.com/waynexia/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "c0b0fca548e99d020c76e1a1cd7132aab26000e1" }
-datafusion-expr = { git = "https://github.com/waynexia/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "c0b0fca548e99d020c76e1a1cd7132aab26000e1" }
-datafusion-optimizer = { git = "https://github.com/waynexia/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "c0b0fca548e99d020c76e1a1cd7132aab26000e1" }
-datafusion-physical-expr = { git = "https://github.com/waynexia/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "c0b0fca548e99d020c76e1a1cd7132aab26000e1" }
-datafusion-sql = { git = "https://github.com/waynexia/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "c0b0fca548e99d020c76e1a1cd7132aab26000e1" }
-datafusion-substrait = { git = "https://github.com/waynexia/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "c0b0fca548e99d020c76e1a1cd7132aab26000e1" }
+datafusion = { git = "https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "26e43acac3a96cec8dd4c8365f22dfb1a84306e9" }
+datafusion-common = { git = "https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "26e43acac3a96cec8dd4c8365f22dfb1a84306e9" }
+datafusion-expr = { git = "https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "26e43acac3a96cec8dd4c8365f22dfb1a84306e9" }
+datafusion-optimizer = { git = "https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "26e43acac3a96cec8dd4c8365f22dfb1a84306e9" }
+datafusion-physical-expr = { git = "https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "26e43acac3a96cec8dd4c8365f22dfb1a84306e9" }
+datafusion-sql = { git = "https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "26e43acac3a96cec8dd4c8365f22dfb1a84306e9" }
+datafusion-substrait = { git = "https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion.git", rev = "26e43acac3a96cec8dd4c8365f22dfb1a84306e9" }
 derive_builder = "0.12"
+etcd-client = "0.12"
+fst = "0.4.7"
 futures = "0.3"
 futures-util = "0.3"
-greptime-proto = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-proto.git", rev = "4a277f27caa035a801d5b9c020a0449777736614" }
+greptime-proto = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-proto.git", rev = "b1d403088f02136bcebde53d604f491c260ca8e2" }
 humantime-serde = "1.1"
 itertools = "0.10"
 lazy_static = "1.4"
+meter-core = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-meter.git", rev = "abbd357c1e193cd270ea65ee7652334a150b628f" }
+mockall = "0.11.4"
+moka = "0.12"
 once_cell = "1.18"
-opentelemetry-proto = { version = "0.2", features = ["gen-tonic", "metrics"] }
-parquet = "43.0"
+opentelemetry-proto = { git = "https://github.com/waynexia/opentelemetry-rust.git", rev = "33841b38dda79b15f2024952be5f32533325ca02", features = [
+    "gen-tonic",
+    "metrics",
+    "trace",
+] }
+parquet = "47.0"
 paste = "1.0"
-prost = "0.11"
+pin-project = "1.0"
+prometheus = { version = "0.13.3", features = ["process"] }
+prost = "0.12"
+raft-engine = { git = "https://github.com/tikv/raft-engine.git", rev = "22dfb426cd994602b57725ef080287d3e53db479" }
 rand = "0.8"
 regex = "1.8"
+regex-automata = { version = "0.1", features = ["transducer"] }
+reqwest = { version = "0.11", default-features = false, features = [
+    "json",
+    "rustls-tls-native-roots",
+    "stream",
+] }
+rust_decimal = "1.33"
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1.0"
-snafu = { version = "0.7", features = ["backtraces"] }
-sqlparser = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/sqlparser-rs.git", rev = "296a4f6c73b129d6f565a42a2e5e53c6bc2b9da4", features = [
+smallvec = "1"
+snafu = "0.7"
+# on branch v0.38.x
+sqlparser = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/sqlparser-rs.git", rev = "6a93567ae38d42be5c8d08b13c8ff4dde26502ef", features = [
    "visitor",
 ] }
 strum = { version = "0.25", features = ["derive"] }
@@ -99,10 +129,9 @@ tempfile = "3"
 tokio = { version = "1.28", features = ["full"] }
 tokio-util = { version = "0.7", features = ["io-util", "compat"] }
 toml = "0.7"
-tonic = { version = "0.9", features = ["tls"] }
+tonic = { version = "0.10", features = ["tls"] }
 uuid = { version = "1", features = ["serde", "v4", "fast-rng"] }
-metrics = "0.20"
-meter-core = { git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-meter.git", rev = "abbd357c1e193cd270ea65ee7652334a150b628f" }
+
 ## workspaces members
 api = { path = "src/api" }
 auth = { path = "src/auth" }
@@ -111,29 +140,30 @@ client = { path = "src/client" }
 cmd = { path = "src/cmd" }
 common-base = { path = "src/common/base" }
 common-catalog = { path = "src/common/catalog" }
+common-config = { path = "src/common/config" }
 common-datasource = { path = "src/common/datasource" }
+common-decimal = { path = "src/common/decimal" }
 common-error = { path = "src/common/error" }
 common-function = { path = "src/common/function" }
-common-function-macro = { path = "src/common/function-macro" }
 common-greptimedb-telemetry = { path = "src/common/greptimedb-telemetry" }
 common-grpc = { path = "src/common/grpc" }
 common-grpc-expr = { path = "src/common/grpc-expr" }
+common-macro = { path = "src/common/macro" }
 common-mem-prof = { path = "src/common/mem-prof" }
 common-meta = { path = "src/common/meta" }
+common-pprof = { path = "src/common/pprof" }
 common-procedure = { path = "src/common/procedure" }
 common-procedure-test = { path = "src/common/procedure-test" }
-common-pprof = { path = "src/common/pprof" }
 common-query = { path = "src/common/query" }
 common-recordbatch = { path = "src/common/recordbatch" }
 common-runtime = { path = "src/common/runtime" }
-substrait = { path = "src/common/substrait" }
 common-telemetry = { path = "src/common/telemetry" }
 common-test-util = { path = "src/common/test-util" }
 common-time = { path = "src/common/time" }
 common-version = { path = "src/common/version" }
 datanode = { path = "src/datanode" }
 datatypes = { path = "src/datatypes" }
-file-table-engine = { path = "src/file-table-engine" }
+file-engine = { path = "src/file-engine" }
 frontend = { path = "src/frontend" }
 log-store = { path = "src/log-store" }
 meta-client = { path = "src/meta-client" }
@@ -141,17 +171,18 @@ meta-srv = { path = "src/meta-srv" }
 mito = { path = "src/mito" }
 mito2 = { path = "src/mito2" }
 object-store = { path = "src/object-store" }
+operator = { path = "src/operator" }
 partition = { path = "src/partition" }
+plugins = { path = "src/plugins" }
 promql = { path = "src/promql" }
 query = { path = "src/query" }
 script = { path = "src/script" }
 servers = { path = "src/servers" }
 session = { path = "src/session" }
 sql = { path = "src/sql" }
-storage = { path = "src/storage" }
 store-api = { path = "src/store-api" }
+substrait = { path = "src/common/substrait" }
 table = { path = "src/table" }
-table-procedure = { path = "src/table-procedure" }

 [workspace.dependencies.meter-macros]
 git = "https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-meter.git"
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@
      same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
      identification within third-party archives.

-   Copyright 2022 Greptime Team
+   Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]

   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/35
+++ b/35
@@ -55,11 +55,15 @@ else
 	BUILDX_MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD_OPTS := -o type=docker
 endif

+ifneq ($(strip $(CARGO_BUILD_EXTRA_OPTS)),)
+	CARGO_BUILD_OPTS += ${CARGO_BUILD_EXTRA_OPTS}
+endif
+
 ##@ Build

 .PHONY: build
 build: ## Build debug version greptime.
-	cargo build ${CARGO_BUILD_OPTS}
+	cargo ${CARGO_EXTENSION} build ${CARGO_BUILD_OPTS}

 .POHNY: build-by-dev-builder
 build-by-dev-builder: ## Build greptime by dev-builder.
@@ -67,11 +71,34 @@ build-by-dev-builder: ## Build greptime by dev-builder.
 	-v ${PWD}:/greptimedb -v ${CARGO_REGISTRY_CACHE}:/root/.cargo/registry \
 	-w /greptimedb ${IMAGE_REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_NAMESPACE}/dev-builder-${BASE_IMAGE}:latest \
 	make build \
+	CARGO_EXTENSION="${CARGO_EXTENSION}" \
 	CARGO_PROFILE=${CARGO_PROFILE} \
 	FEATURES=${FEATURES} \
 	TARGET_DIR=${TARGET_DIR} \
 	TARGET=${TARGET} \
-	RELEASE=${RELEASE}
+	RELEASE=${RELEASE} \
+	CARGO_BUILD_EXTRA_OPTS="${CARGO_BUILD_EXTRA_OPTS}"
+
+.PHONY: build-android-bin
+build-android-bin: ## Build greptime binary for android.
+	docker run --network=host \
+	-v ${PWD}:/greptimedb -v ${CARGO_REGISTRY_CACHE}:/root/.cargo/registry \
+	-w /greptimedb ${IMAGE_REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_NAMESPACE}/dev-builder-android:latest \
+	make build \
+	CARGO_EXTENSION="ndk --platform 23 -t aarch64-linux-android" \
+	CARGO_PROFILE=release \
+	FEATURES="${FEATURES}" \
+	TARGET_DIR="${TARGET_DIR}" \
+	TARGET="${TARGET}" \
+	RELEASE="${RELEASE}" \
+	CARGO_BUILD_EXTRA_OPTS="--bin greptime --no-default-features"
+
+.PHONY: strip-android-bin
+strip-android-bin: build-android-bin ## Strip greptime binary for android.
+	docker run --network=host \
+	-v ${PWD}:/greptimedb \
+	-w /greptimedb ${IMAGE_REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_NAMESPACE}/dev-builder-android:latest \
+	bash -c '$${NDK_ROOT}/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/llvm-strip /greptimedb/target/aarch64-linux-android/release/greptime'

 .PHONY: clean
 clean: ## Clean the project.
@@ -130,11 +157,11 @@ sqlness-test: ## Run sqlness test.

 .PHONY: check
 check: ## Cargo check all the targets.
-	cargo check --workspace --all-targets
+	cargo check --workspace --all-targets --all-features

 .PHONY: clippy
 clippy: ## Check clippy rules.
-	cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets -F pyo3_backend -- -D warnings
+	cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets --all-features -- -D warnings

 .PHONY: fmt-check
 fmt-check: ## Check code format.
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -96,11 +96,11 @@ Or if you built from docker:
 docker run -p 4002:4002 -v "$(pwd):/tmp/greptimedb" greptime/greptimedb standalone start
 ```

-Please see [the online document site](https://docs.greptime.com/getting-started/overview#install-greptimedb) for more installation options and [operations info](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/operations/overview).
+Please see the online document site for more installation options and [operations info](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/operations/overview).

 ### Get started

-Read the [complete getting started guide](https://docs.greptime.com/getting-started/overview#connect) on our [official document site](https://docs.greptime.com/).
+Read the [complete getting started guide](https://docs.greptime.com/getting-started/overview) on our [official document site](https://docs.greptime.com/).

 To write and query data, GreptimeDB is compatible with multiple [protocols and clients](https://docs.greptime.com/user-guide/clients/overview).

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ To write and query data, GreptimeDB is compatible with multiple [protocols and c
 ### Installation

 - [Pre-built Binaries](https://greptime.com/download):
-  For Linux and macOS, you can easily download pre-built binaries including official releases and nightly builds that are ready to use. 
+  For Linux and macOS, you can easily download pre-built binaries including official releases and nightly builds that are ready to use.
  In most cases, downloading the version without PyO3 is sufficient. However, if you plan to run scripts in CPython (and use Python packages like NumPy and Pandas), you will need to download the version with PyO3 and install a Python with the same version as the Python in the PyO3 version.
  We recommend using virtualenv for the installation process to manage multiple Python versions.
 - [Docker Images](https://hub.docker.com/r/greptime/greptimedb)(**recommended**): pre-built
@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@ To write and query data, GreptimeDB is compatible with multiple [protocols and c
 - [GreptimeDB Java Client](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb-client-java)
 - [GreptimeDB Python Client](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb-client-py) (WIP)
 - [GreptimeDB Rust Client](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb-client-rust)
+- [GreptimeDB JavaScript Client](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-js-sdk)

 ## Project Status

@@ -176,6 +177,6 @@ Please refer to [contribution guidelines](CONTRIBUTING.md) for more information.
 ## Acknowledgement
 - GreptimeDB uses [Apache Arrow](https://arrow.apache.org/) as the memory model and [Apache Parquet](https://parquet.apache.org/) as the persistent file format.
 - GreptimeDB's query engine is powered by [Apache Arrow DataFusion](https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion).
- [OpenDAL](https://github.com/datafuselabs/opendal) from [Datafuse Labs](https://github.com/datafuselabs) gives GreptimeDB a very general and elegant data access abstraction layer.
- GreptimeDB’s meta service is based on [etcd](https://etcd.io/).
+- [Apache OpenDAL (incubating)](https://opendal.apache.org) gives GreptimeDB a very general and elegant data access abstraction layer.
+- GreptimeDB's meta service is based on [etcd](https://etcd.io/).
 - GreptimeDB uses [RustPython](https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython) for experimental embedded python scripting.
--- a/benchmarks/Cargo.toml
+++ b/benchmarks/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ license.workspace = true

 [dependencies]
 arrow.workspace = true
+chrono.workspace = true
 clap = { version = "4.0", features = ["derive"] }
-client = { workspace = true }
+client.workspace = true
+futures-util.workspace = true
 indicatif = "0.17.1"
 itertools.workspace = true
 parquet.workspace = true
--- a/benchmarks/src/bin/nyc-taxi.rs
+++ b/benchmarks/src/bin/nyc-taxi.rs
@@ -27,16 +27,16 @@ use arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch;
 use clap::Parser;
 use client::api::v1::column::Values;
 use client::api::v1::{
-    Column, ColumnDataType, ColumnDef, CreateTableExpr, InsertRequest, InsertRequests,
+    Column, ColumnDataType, ColumnDef, CreateTableExpr, InsertRequest, InsertRequests, SemanticType,
 };
-use client::{Client, Database, DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME};
+use client::{Client, Database, Output, DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME};
+use futures_util::TryStreamExt;
 use indicatif::{MultiProgress, ProgressBar, ProgressStyle};
 use parquet::arrow::arrow_reader::ParquetRecordBatchReaderBuilder;
 use tokio::task::JoinSet;

 const CATALOG_NAME: &str = "greptime";
 const SCHEMA_NAME: &str = "public";
-const TABLE_NAME: &str = "nyc_taxi";

 #[derive(Parser)]
 #[command(name = "NYC benchmark runner")]
@@ -74,7 +74,12 @@ fn get_file_list<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
        .collect()
 }

+fn new_table_name() -> String {
+    format!("nyc_taxi_{}", chrono::Utc::now().timestamp())
+}
+
 async fn write_data(
+    table_name: &str,
    batch_size: usize,
    db: &Database,
    path: PathBuf,
@@ -104,8 +109,7 @@ async fn write_data(
        }
        let (columns, row_count) = convert_record_batch(record_batch);
        let request = InsertRequest {
-            table_name: TABLE_NAME.to_string(),
-            region_number: 0,
+            table_name: table_name.to_string(),
            columns,
            row_count,
        };
@@ -114,7 +118,7 @@ async fn write_data(
        };

        let now = Instant::now();
-        let _ = db.insert(requests).await.unwrap();
+        db.insert(requests).await.unwrap();
        let elapsed = now.elapsed();
        total_rpc_elapsed_ms += elapsed.as_millis();
        progress_bar.inc(row_count as _);
@@ -132,6 +136,11 @@ fn convert_record_batch(record_batch: RecordBatch) -> (Vec<Column>, u32) {

    for (array, field) in record_batch.columns().iter().zip(fields.iter()) {
        let (values, datatype) = build_values(array);
+        let semantic_type = match field.name().as_str() {
+            "VendorID" => SemanticType::Tag,
+            "tpep_pickup_datetime" => SemanticType::Timestamp,
+            _ => SemanticType::Field,
+        };

        let column = Column {
            column_name: field.name().clone(),
@@ -142,7 +151,7 @@ fn convert_record_batch(record_batch: RecordBatch) -> (Vec<Column>, u32) {
                .map(|bitmap| bitmap.buffer().as_slice().to_vec())
                .unwrap_or_default(),
            datatype: datatype.into(),
-            // datatype and semantic_type are set to default
+            semantic_type: semantic_type as i32,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        columns.push(column);
@@ -189,7 +198,7 @@ fn build_values(column: &ArrayRef) -> (Values, ColumnDataType) {
            let values = array.values();
            (
                Values {
-                    ts_microsecond_values: values.to_vec(),
+                    timestamp_microsecond_values: values.to_vec(),
                    ..Default::default()
                },
                ColumnDataType::TimestampMicrosecond,
@@ -244,156 +253,212 @@ fn is_record_batch_full(batch: &RecordBatch) -> bool {
    batch.columns().iter().all(|col| col.null_count() == 0)
 }

-fn create_table_expr() -> CreateTableExpr {
+fn create_table_expr(table_name: &str) -> CreateTableExpr {
    CreateTableExpr {
        catalog_name: CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
        schema_name: SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-        table_name: TABLE_NAME.to_string(),
+        table_name: table_name.to_string(),
        desc: "".to_string(),
        column_defs: vec![
            ColumnDef {
                name: "VendorID".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::Int64 as i32,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::Int64 as i32,
                is_nullable: true,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Tag as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
            ColumnDef {
                name: "tpep_pickup_datetime".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::TimestampMicrosecond as i32,
-                is_nullable: true,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::TimestampMicrosecond as i32,
+                is_nullable: false,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Timestamp as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
            ColumnDef {
                name: "tpep_dropoff_datetime".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::TimestampMicrosecond as i32,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::TimestampMicrosecond as i32,
                is_nullable: true,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
            ColumnDef {
                name: "passenger_count".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
                is_nullable: true,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
            ColumnDef {
                name: "trip_distance".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
                is_nullable: true,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
            ColumnDef {
                name: "RatecodeID".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
                is_nullable: true,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
            ColumnDef {
                name: "store_and_fwd_flag".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::String as i32,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::String as i32,
                is_nullable: true,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
            ColumnDef {
                name: "PULocationID".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::Int64 as i32,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::Int64 as i32,
                is_nullable: true,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
            ColumnDef {
                name: "DOLocationID".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::Int64 as i32,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::Int64 as i32,
                is_nullable: true,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
            ColumnDef {
                name: "payment_type".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::Int64 as i32,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::Int64 as i32,
                is_nullable: true,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
            ColumnDef {
                name: "fare_amount".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
                is_nullable: true,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
            ColumnDef {
                name: "extra".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
                is_nullable: true,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
            ColumnDef {
                name: "mta_tax".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
                is_nullable: true,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
            ColumnDef {
                name: "tip_amount".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
                is_nullable: true,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
            ColumnDef {
                name: "tolls_amount".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
                is_nullable: true,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
            ColumnDef {
                name: "improvement_surcharge".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
                is_nullable: true,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
            ColumnDef {
                name: "total_amount".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
                is_nullable: true,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
            ColumnDef {
                name: "congestion_surcharge".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
                is_nullable: true,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
            ColumnDef {
                name: "airport_fee".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::Float64 as i32,
                is_nullable: true,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
        ],
        time_index: "tpep_pickup_datetime".to_string(),
        primary_keys: vec!["VendorID".to_string()],
-        create_if_not_exists: false,
+        create_if_not_exists: true,
        table_options: Default::default(),
-        region_numbers: vec![0],
        table_id: None,
        engine: "mito".to_string(),
    }
 }

-fn query_set() -> HashMap<String, String> {
+fn query_set(table_name: &str) -> HashMap<String, String> {
    HashMap::from([
        (
            "count_all".to_string(), 
-            format!("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {TABLE_NAME};"),
+            format!("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {table_name};"),
        ),
        (
            "fare_amt_by_passenger".to_string(),
-            format!("SELECT passenger_count, MIN(fare_amount), MAX(fare_amount), SUM(fare_amount) FROM {TABLE_NAME} GROUP BY passenger_count"),
+            format!("SELECT passenger_count, MIN(fare_amount), MAX(fare_amount), SUM(fare_amount) FROM {table_name} GROUP BY passenger_count"),
        )
    ])
 }

-async fn do_write(args: &Args, db: &Database) {
+async fn do_write(args: &Args, db: &Database, table_name: &str) {
    let mut file_list = get_file_list(args.path.clone().expect("Specify data path in argument"));
    let mut write_jobs = JoinSet::new();

-    let create_table_result = db.create(create_table_expr()).await;
+    let create_table_result = db.create(create_table_expr(table_name)).await;
    println!("Create table result: {create_table_result:?}");

    let progress_bar_style = ProgressStyle::with_template(
@@ -411,8 +476,10 @@ async fn do_write(args: &Args, db: &Database) {
            let db = db.clone();
            let mpb = multi_progress_bar.clone();
            let pb_style = progress_bar_style.clone();
-            let _ = write_jobs
-                .spawn(async move { write_data(batch_size, &db, path, mpb, pb_style).await });
+            let table_name = table_name.to_string();
+            let _ = write_jobs.spawn(async move {
+                write_data(&table_name, batch_size, &db, path, mpb, pb_style).await
+            });
        }
    }
    while write_jobs.join_next().await.is_some() {
@@ -421,24 +488,32 @@ async fn do_write(args: &Args, db: &Database) {
            let db = db.clone();
            let mpb = multi_progress_bar.clone();
            let pb_style = progress_bar_style.clone();
-            let _ = write_jobs
-                .spawn(async move { write_data(batch_size, &db, path, mpb, pb_style).await });
+            let table_name = table_name.to_string();
+            let _ = write_jobs.spawn(async move {
+                write_data(&table_name, batch_size, &db, path, mpb, pb_style).await
+            });
        }
    }
 }

-async fn do_query(num_iter: usize, db: &Database) {
-    for (query_name, query) in query_set() {
+async fn do_query(num_iter: usize, db: &Database, table_name: &str) {
+    for (query_name, query) in query_set(table_name) {
        println!("Running query: {query}");
        for i in 0..num_iter {
            let now = Instant::now();
-            let _res = db.sql(&query).await.unwrap();
+            let res = db.sql(&query).await.unwrap();
+            match res {
+                Output::AffectedRows(_) | Output::RecordBatches(_) => (),
+                Output::Stream(stream) => {
+                    stream.try_collect::<Vec<_>>().await.unwrap();
+                }
+            }
            let elapsed = now.elapsed();
            println!(
                "query {}, iteration {}: {}ms",
                query_name,
                i,
-                elapsed.as_millis()
+                elapsed.as_millis(),
            );
        }
    }
@@ -455,13 +530,14 @@ fn main() {
        .block_on(async {
            let client = Client::with_urls(vec![&args.endpoint]);
            let db = Database::new(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, client);
+            let table_name = new_table_name();

            if !args.skip_write {
-                do_write(&args, &db).await;
+                do_write(&args, &db, &table_name).await;
            }

            if !args.skip_read {
-                do_query(args.iter_num, &db).await;
+                do_query(args.iter_num, &db, &table_name).await;
            }
        })
 }
--- a/config/datanode.example.toml
+++ b/config/datanode.example.toml
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 # Node running mode, see `standalone.example.toml`.
 mode = "distributed"
-# Whether to use in-memory catalog, see `standalone.example.toml`.
-enable_memory_catalog = false
 # The datanode identifier, should be unique.
 node_id = 42
 # gRPC server address, "127.0.0.1:3001" by default.
@@ -10,19 +8,24 @@ rpc_addr = "127.0.0.1:3001"
 rpc_hostname = "127.0.0.1"
 # The number of gRPC server worker threads, 8 by default.
 rpc_runtime_size = 8
+# Start services after regions have obtained leases.
+# It will block the datanode start if it can't receive leases in the heartbeat from metasrv.
+require_lease_before_startup = false

 [heartbeat]
-# Interval for sending heartbeat messages to the Metasrv in milliseconds, 5000 by default.
-interval_millis = 5000
+# Interval for sending heartbeat messages to the Metasrv, 3 seconds by default.
+interval = "3s"

 # Metasrv client options.
-[meta_client_options]
+[meta_client]
 # Metasrv address list.
 metasrv_addrs = ["127.0.0.1:3002"]
-# Operation timeout in milliseconds, 3000 by default.
-timeout_millis = 3000
-# Connect server timeout in milliseconds, 5000 by default.
-connect_timeout_millis = 5000
+# Heartbeat timeout, 500 milliseconds by default.
+heartbeat_timeout = "500ms"
+# Operation timeout, 3 seconds by default.
+timeout = "3s"
+# Connect server timeout, 1 second by default.
+connect_timeout = "1s"
 # `TCP_NODELAY` option for accepted connections, true by default.
 tcp_nodelay = true

@@ -44,41 +47,43 @@ type = "File"
 # TTL for all tables. Disabled by default.
 # global_ttl = "7d"

-# Compaction options, see `standalone.example.toml`.
-[storage.compaction]
-max_inflight_tasks = 4
-max_files_in_level0 = 8
-max_purge_tasks = 32
+# Cache configuration for object storage such as 'S3' etc.
+# The local file cache directory
+# cache_path = "/path/local_cache"
+# The local file cache capacity in bytes.
+# cache_capacity = "256MB"

-# Storage manifest options
-[storage.manifest]
-# Region checkpoint actions margin.
-# Create a checkpoint every <checkpoint_margin> actions.
-checkpoint_margin = 10
-# Region manifest logs and checkpoints gc execution duration
-gc_duration = '10m'
-
-# Storage flush options
-[storage.flush]
-# Max inflight flush tasks.
-max_flush_tasks = 8
-# Default write buffer size for a region.
-region_write_buffer_size = "32MB"
-# Interval to check whether a region needs flush.
-picker_schedule_interval = "5m"
+# Mito engine options
+[[region_engine]]
+[region_engine.mito]
+# Number of region workers
+num_workers = 8
+# Request channel size of each worker
+worker_channel_size = 128
+# Max batch size for a worker to handle requests
+worker_request_batch_size = 64
+# Number of meta action updated to trigger a new checkpoint for the manifest
+manifest_checkpoint_distance = 10
+# Whether to compress manifest and checkpoint file by gzip (default false).
+compress_manifest = false
+# Max number of running background jobs
+max_background_jobs = 4
 # Interval to auto flush a region if it has not flushed yet.
 auto_flush_interval = "1h"
 # Global write buffer size for all regions.
 global_write_buffer_size = "1GB"
+# Global write buffer size threshold to reject write requests (default 2G).
+global_write_buffer_reject_size = "2GB"
+# Cache size for SST metadata (default 128MB). Setting it to 0 to disable the cache.
+sst_meta_cache_size = "128MB"
+# Cache size for vectors and arrow arrays (default 512MB). Setting it to 0 to disable the cache.
+vector_cache_size = "512MB"
+# Cache size for pages of SST row groups (default 512MB). Setting it to 0 to disable the cache.
+page_cache_size = "512MB"
+# Buffer size for SST writing.
+sst_write_buffer_size = "8MB"

-# Procedure storage options, see `standalone.example.toml`.
-[procedure]
-max_retry_times = 3
-retry_delay = "500ms"
-
-# Log options
+# Log options, see `standalone.example.toml`
 # [logging]
-# Specify logs directory.
 # dir = "/tmp/greptimedb/logs"
-# Specify the log level [info | debug | error | warn]
 # level = "info"
--- a/config/frontend.example.toml
+++ b/config/frontend.example.toml
@@ -2,64 +2,67 @@
 mode = "distributed"

 [heartbeat]
-# Interval for sending heartbeat task to the Metasrv in milliseconds, 5000 by default.
-interval_millis = 5000
-# Interval for retry sending heartbeat task in milliseconds, 5000 by default.
-retry_interval_millis = 5000
+# Interval for sending heartbeat task to the Metasrv, 5 seconds by default.
+interval = "5s"
+# Interval for retry sending heartbeat task, 5 seconds by default.
+retry_interval = "5s"

 # HTTP server options, see `standalone.example.toml`.
-[http_options]
+[http]
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4000"
 timeout = "30s"
 body_limit = "64MB"

 # gRPC server options, see `standalone.example.toml`.
-[grpc_options]
+[grpc]
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
 runtime_size = 8

 # MySQL server options, see `standalone.example.toml`.
-[mysql_options]
+[mysql]
+enable = true
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4002"
 runtime_size = 2

 # MySQL server TLS options, see `standalone.example.toml`.
-[mysql_options.tls]
+[mysql.tls]
 mode = "disable"
 cert_path = ""
 key_path = ""

 # PostgresSQL server options, see `standalone.example.toml`.
-[postgres_options]
+[postgres]
+enable = true
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4003"
 runtime_size = 2

 # PostgresSQL server TLS options, see `standalone.example.toml`.
-[postgres_options.tls]
+[postgres.tls]
 mode = "disable"
 cert_path = ""
 key_path = ""

 # OpenTSDB protocol options, see `standalone.example.toml`.
-[opentsdb_options]
+[opentsdb]
+enable = true
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4242"
 runtime_size = 2

 # InfluxDB protocol options, see `standalone.example.toml`.
-[influxdb_options]
+[influxdb]
 enable = true

 # Prometheus remote storage options, see `standalone.example.toml`.
-[prom_store_options]
+[prom_store]
 enable = true

 # Metasrv client options, see `datanode.example.toml`.
-[meta_client_options]
+[meta_client]
 metasrv_addrs = ["127.0.0.1:3002"]
-timeout_millis = 3000
+timeout = "3s"
 # DDL timeouts options.
-ddl_timeout_millis = 10000
-connect_timeout_millis = 5000
+ddl_timeout = "10s"
+connect_timeout = "1s"
 tcp_nodelay = true

 # Log options, see `standalone.example.toml`
--- a/config/metasrv.example.toml
+++ b/config/metasrv.example.toml
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:3002"
 server_addr = "127.0.0.1:3002"
 # Etcd server address, "127.0.0.1:2379" by default.
 store_addr = "127.0.0.1:2379"
-# Datanode lease in seconds, 15 seconds by default.
-datanode_lease_secs = 15
 # Datanode selector type.
 # - "LeaseBased" (default value).
 # - "LoadBased"
@@ -30,10 +28,17 @@ max_retry_times = 12
 # Initial retry delay of procedures, increases exponentially
 retry_delay = "500ms"

+# Failure detectors options.
+[failure_detector]
+threshold = 8.0
+min_std_deviation = "100ms"
+acceptable_heartbeat_pause = "3000ms"
+first_heartbeat_estimate = "1000ms"
+
 # # Datanode options.
 # [datanode]
 # # Datanode client options.
 # [datanode.client_options]
-# timeout_millis = 10000
-# connect_timeout_millis = 10000
+# timeout = "10s"
+# connect_timeout = "10s"
 # tcp_nodelay = true
--- a/config/standalone.example.toml
+++ b/config/standalone.example.toml
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 # Node running mode, "standalone" or "distributed".
 mode = "standalone"
-# Whether to use in-memory catalog, `false` by default.
-enable_memory_catalog = false
 # Whether to enable greptimedb telemetry, true by default.
 enable_telemetry = true

 # HTTP server options.
-[http_options]
+[http]
 # Server address, "127.0.0.1:4000" by default.
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4000"
 # HTTP request timeout, 30s by default.
@@ -16,21 +14,23 @@ timeout = "30s"
 body_limit = "64MB"

 # gRPC server options.
-[grpc_options]
+[grpc]
 # Server address, "127.0.0.1:4001" by default.
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4001"
 # The number of server worker threads, 8 by default.
 runtime_size = 8

 # MySQL server options.
-[mysql_options]
+[mysql]
+# Whether to enable
+enable = true
 # Server address, "127.0.0.1:4002" by default.
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4002"
 # The number of server worker threads, 2 by default.
 runtime_size = 2

 # MySQL server TLS options.
-[mysql_options.tls]
+[mysql.tls]
 # TLS mode, refer to https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-ssl.html
 # - "disable" (default value)
 # - "prefer"
@@ -44,14 +44,16 @@ cert_path = ""
 key_path = ""

 # PostgresSQL server options.
-[postgres_options]
+[postgres]
+# Whether to enable
+enable = true
 # Server address, "127.0.0.1:4003" by default.
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4003"
 # The number of server worker threads, 2 by default.
 runtime_size = 2

 # PostgresSQL server TLS options, see `[mysql_options.tls]` section.
-[postgres_options.tls]
+[postgres.tls]
 # TLS mode.
 mode = "disable"
 # certificate file path.
@@ -60,19 +62,21 @@ cert_path = ""
 key_path = ""

 # OpenTSDB protocol options.
-[opentsdb_options]
+[opentsdb]
+# Whether to enable
+enable = true
 # OpenTSDB telnet API server address, "127.0.0.1:4242" by default.
 addr = "127.0.0.1:4242"
 # The number of server worker threads, 2 by default.
 runtime_size = 2

 # InfluxDB protocol options.
-[influxdb_options]
+[influxdb]
 # Whether to enable InfluxDB protocol in HTTP API, true by default.
 enable = true

 # Prometheus remote storage options
-[prom_store_options]
+[prom_store]
 # Whether to enable Prometheus remote write and read in HTTP API, true by default.
 enable = true

@@ -91,44 +95,12 @@ read_batch_size = 128
 # Whether to sync log file after every write.
 sync_write = false

-# Storage options.
-[storage]
-# The working home directory.
-data_home = "/tmp/greptimedb/"
-# Storage type.
-type = "File"
-# TTL for all tables. Disabled by default.
-# global_ttl = "7d"
-
-# Compaction options.
-[storage.compaction]
-# Max task number that can concurrently run.
-max_inflight_tasks = 4
-# Max files in level 0 to trigger compaction.
-max_files_in_level0 = 8
-# Max task number for SST purge task after compaction.
-max_purge_tasks = 32
-
-# Storage manifest options
-[storage.manifest]
-# Region checkpoint actions margin.
-# Create a checkpoint every <checkpoint_margin> actions.
-checkpoint_margin = 10
-# Region manifest logs and checkpoints gc execution duration
-gc_duration = '10m'
-
-# Storage flush options
-[storage.flush]
-# Max inflight flush tasks.
-max_flush_tasks = 8
-# Default write buffer size for a region.
-region_write_buffer_size = "32MB"
-# Interval to check whether a region needs flush.
-picker_schedule_interval = "5m"
-# Interval to auto flush a region if it has not flushed yet.
-auto_flush_interval = "1h"
-# Global write buffer size for all regions.
-global_write_buffer_size = "1GB"
+# Metadata storage options.
+[metadata_store]
+# Kv file size in bytes.
+file_size = "256MB"
+# Kv purge threshold.
+purge_threshold = "4GB"

 # Procedure storage options.
 [procedure]
@@ -137,9 +109,58 @@ max_retry_times = 3
 # Initial retry delay of procedures, increases exponentially
 retry_delay = "500ms"

+# Storage options.
+[storage]
+# The working home directory.
+data_home = "/tmp/greptimedb/"
+# Storage type.
+type = "File"
+# TTL for all tables. Disabled by default.
+# global_ttl = "7d"
+# Cache configuration for object storage such as 'S3' etc.
+# cache_path = "/path/local_cache"
+# The local file cache capacity in bytes.
+# cache_capacity = "256MB"
+
+# Mito engine options
+[[region_engine]]
+[region_engine.mito]
+# Number of region workers
+num_workers = 8
+# Request channel size of each worker
+worker_channel_size = 128
+# Max batch size for a worker to handle requests
+worker_request_batch_size = 64
+# Number of meta action updated to trigger a new checkpoint for the manifest
+manifest_checkpoint_distance = 10
+# Whether to compress manifest and checkpoint file by gzip (default false).
+compress_manifest = false
+# Max number of running background jobs
+max_background_jobs = 4
+# Interval to auto flush a region if it has not flushed yet.
+auto_flush_interval = "1h"
+# Global write buffer size for all regions.
+global_write_buffer_size = "1GB"
+# Global write buffer size threshold to reject write requests (default 2G).
+global_write_buffer_reject_size = "2GB"
+# Cache size for SST metadata (default 128MB). Setting it to 0 to disable the cache.
+sst_meta_cache_size = "128MB"
+# Cache size for vectors and arrow arrays (default 512MB). Setting it to 0 to disable the cache.
+vector_cache_size = "512MB"
+# Cache size for pages of SST row groups (default 512MB). Setting it to 0 to disable the cache.
+page_cache_size = "512MB"
+# Buffer size for SST writing.
+sst_write_buffer_size = "8MB"
+
 # Log options
 # [logging]
 # Specify logs directory.
 # dir = "/tmp/greptimedb/logs"
 # Specify the log level [info | debug | error | warn]
 # level = "info"
+# whether enable tracing, default is false
+# enable_otlp_tracing = false
+# tracing exporter endpoint with format `ip:port`, we use grpc oltp as exporter, default endpoint is `localhost:4317`
+# otlp_endpoint = "localhost:4317"
+# The percentage of tracing will be sampled and exported. Valid range `[0, 1]`, 1 means all traces are sampled, 0 means all traces are not sampled, the default value is 1. ratio > 1 are treated as 1. Fractions < 0 are treated as 0
+# tracing_sample_ratio = 1.0
--- a/docker/buildx/ubuntu/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/buildx/ubuntu/Dockerfile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM ubuntu:22.04 as builder
+FROM ubuntu:20.04 as builder

 ARG CARGO_PROFILE
 ARG FEATURES
@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ ARG OUTPUT_DIR
 ENV LANG en_US.utf8
 WORKDIR /greptimedb

+# Add PPA for Python 3.10.
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y software-properties-common && \
+    add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa -y
+
 # Install dependencies.
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apt \
    apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
--- a/docker/dev-builder/android/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/dev-builder/android/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+FROM --platform=linux/amd64 saschpe/android-ndk:34-jdk17.0.8_7-ndk25.2.9519653-cmake3.22.1
+
+ENV LANG en_US.utf8
+WORKDIR /greptimedb
+
+# Rename libunwind to libgcc
+RUN cp ${NDK_ROOT}/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/lib64/clang/14.0.7/lib/linux/aarch64/libunwind.a ${NDK_ROOT}/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/lib64/clang/14.0.7/lib/linux/aarch64/libgcc.a
+
+# Install dependencies.
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+    libssl-dev \
+    protobuf-compiler \
+    curl \
+    git \
+    build-essential \
+    pkg-config \
+    python3 \
+    python3-dev \
+    python3-pip \
+    && pip3 install --upgrade pip \
+    && pip3 install pyarrow
+
+# Trust workdir
+RUN git config --global --add safe.directory /greptimedb
+
+# Install Rust.
+SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-c"]
+RUN curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- --no-modify-path --default-toolchain none -y
+ENV PATH /root/.cargo/bin/:$PATH
+
+# Add android toolchains
+ARG RUST_TOOLCHAIN
+RUN rustup toolchain install ${RUST_TOOLCHAIN}
+RUN rustup target add aarch64-linux-android
+
+# Install cargo-ndk
+RUN cargo install cargo-ndk
+ENV ANDROID_NDK_HOME $NDK_ROOT
+
+# Builder entrypoint.
+CMD ["cargo", "ndk", "--platform", "23", "-t", "aarch64-linux-android", "build", "--bin", "greptime", "--profile", "release", "--no-default-features"]
--- a/docker/dev-builder/ubuntu/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/dev-builder/ubuntu/Dockerfile
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
-FROM ubuntu:22.04
+FROM ubuntu:20.04

 ENV LANG en_US.utf8
 WORKDIR /greptimedb

+# Add PPA for Python 3.10.
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y software-properties-common && \
+    add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa -y
+
 # Install dependencies.
 RUN apt-get update && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y \
    libssl-dev \
@@ -14,8 +19,13 @@ RUN apt-get update && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y \
    build-essential \
    pkg-config \
    python3.10 \
-    python3.10-dev \
-    python3-pip
+    python3.10-dev
+
+# Remove Python 3.8 and install pip.
+RUN apt-get -y purge python3.8 && \
+    apt-get -y autoremove && \
+    ln -s /usr/bin/python3.10 /usr/bin/python3 && \
+    curl -sS https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3.10

 RUN git config --global --add safe.directory /greptimedb

--- a/docker/dev-builder/ubuntu/Dockerfile-18.10
+++ b/docker/dev-builder/ubuntu/Dockerfile-18.10
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# Use the legacy glibc 2.28.
+FROM ubuntu:18.10
+
+ENV LANG en_US.utf8
+WORKDIR /greptimedb
+
+# Use old-releases.ubuntu.com to avoid 404s: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EOLUpgrades.
+RUN echo "deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ cosmic main restricted universe multiverse\n\
+deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ cosmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse\n\
+deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ cosmic-security main restricted universe multiverse" > /etc/apt/sources.list
+
+# Install dependencies.
+RUN apt-get update && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y \
+    libssl-dev \
+    tzdata \
+    curl \
+    ca-certificates \
+    git \
+    build-essential \
+    unzip \
+    pkg-config
+
+# Install protoc.
+ENV PROTOC_VERSION=25.1
+RUN if [ "$(uname -m)" = "x86_64" ]; then \
+        PROTOC_ZIP=protoc-${PROTOC_VERSION}-linux-x86_64.zip; \
+    elif [ "$(uname -m)" = "aarch64" ]; then \
+        PROTOC_ZIP=protoc-${PROTOC_VERSION}-linux-aarch_64.zip; \
+    else \
+        echo "Unsupported architecture"; exit 1; \
+    fi && \
+    curl -OL https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v${PROTOC_VERSION}/${PROTOC_ZIP} && \
+    unzip -o ${PROTOC_ZIP} -d /usr/local bin/protoc && \
+    unzip -o ${PROTOC_ZIP} -d /usr/local 'include/*' && \
+    rm -f ${PROTOC_ZIP}
+
+# Install Rust.
+SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-c"]
+RUN curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- --no-modify-path --default-toolchain none -y
+ENV PATH /root/.cargo/bin/:$PATH
+
+# Install Rust toolchains.
+ARG RUST_TOOLCHAIN
+RUN rustup toolchain install ${RUST_TOOLCHAIN}
+
+# Install nextest.
+RUN cargo install cargo-nextest --locked
--- a/docs/banner/KCCNC_NA_2023_1000x200_Email
+++ b/docs/banner/KCCNC_NA_2023_1000x200_Email
--- a/docs/benchmarks/tsbs/v0.4.0.md
+++ b/docs/benchmarks/tsbs/v0.4.0.md
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# TSBS benchmark - v0.4.0
+
+## Environment
+
+### Local
+|        |                                    |
+| ------ | ---------------------------------- |
+| CPU    | AMD Ryzen 7 7735HS (8 core 3.2GHz) |
+| Memory | 32GB                               |
+| Disk   | SOLIDIGM SSDPFKNU010TZ             |
+| OS     | Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS                 |
+
+### Aliyun amd64
+
+|         |                |
+| ------- | -------------- |
+| Machine | ecs.g7.4xlarge |
+| CPU     | 16 core        |
+| Memory  | 64GB           |
+| Disk    | 100G           |
+| OS      | Ubuntu  22.04  |
+
+### Aliyun arm64
+
+|         |                   |
+| ------- | ----------------- |
+| Machine | ecs.g8y.4xlarge   |
+| CPU     | 16 core           |
+| Memory  | 64GB              |
+| Disk    | 100G              |
+| OS      | Ubuntu  22.04 ARM |
+
+
+## Write performance
+
+| Environment        | Ingest rate（rows/s） |
+| ------------------ | --------------------- |
+| Local              | 365280.60             |
+| Aliyun g7.4xlarge  | 341368.72             |
+| Aliyun g8y.4xlarge | 320907.29             |
+
+
+## Query performance
+
+| Query type            | Local (ms) | Aliyun g7.4xlarge (ms) | Aliyun g8y.4xlarge (ms) |
+| --------------------- | ---------- | ---------------------- | ----------------------- |
+| cpu-max-all-1         | 50.70      | 31.46                  | 47.61                   |
+| cpu-max-all-8         | 262.16     | 129.26                 | 152.43                  |
+| double-groupby-1      | 2512.71    | 1408.19                | 1586.10                 |
+| double-groupby-5      | 3896.15    | 2304.29                | 2585.29                 |
+| double-groupby-all    | 5404.67    | 3337.61                | 3773.91                 |
+| groupby-orderby-limit | 3786.98    | 2065.72                | 2312.57                 |
+| high-cpu-1            | 71.96      | 37.29                  | 54.01                   |
+| high-cpu-all          | 9468.75    | 7595.69                | 8467.46                 |
+| lastpoint             | 13379.43   | 11253.76               | 12949.40                |
+| single-groupby-1-1-1  | 20.72      | 12.16                  | 13.35                   |
+| single-groupby-1-1-12 | 28.53      | 15.67                  | 21.62                   |
+| single-groupby-1-8-1  | 72.23      | 37.90                  | 43.52                   |
+| single-groupby-5-1-1  | 26.75      | 15.59                  | 17.48                   |
+| single-groupby-5-1-12 | 45.41      | 22.90                  | 31.96                   |
+| single-groupby-5-8-1  | 107.96     | 59.76                  | 69.58                   |
--- a/docs/rfcs/2023-07-10-metric-engine.md
+++ b/docs/rfcs/2023-07-10-metric-engine.md
@@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ The concept "Table" in GreptimeDB is a bit "heavy" compared to other time-series
 	```

 The following parts will describe these implementation details:
-    - How to route these metric region tables and how those table are distributed
-    - How to maintain the schema and other metadata of the underlying mito engine table
-    - How to maintain the schema of metric engine table
-    - How the query goes
+- How to route these metric region tables and how those table are distributed
+- How to maintain the schema and other metadata of the underlying mito engine table
+- How to maintain the schema of metric engine table
+- How the query goes

 ## Routing

--- a/docs/rfcs/2023-08-04-table-trait-refactor.md
+++ b/docs/rfcs/2023-08-04-table-trait-refactor.md
--- a/docs/rfcs/2023-11-03-inverted-index.md
+++ b/docs/rfcs/2023-11-03-inverted-index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+---
+Feature Name: Inverted Index for SST File
+Tracking Issue: TBD
+Date: 2023-11-03
+Author: "Zhong Zhenchi <zhongzc_arch@outlook.com>"
+---
+
+# Summary
+This RFC proposes an optimization towards the storage engine by introducing an inverted indexing methodology aimed at optimizing label selection queries specifically pertaining to Metrics with tag columns as the target for optimization.
+
+# Introduction
+In the current system setup, in the Mito Engine, the first column of Primary Keys has a Min-Max index, which significantly optimizes the outcome. However, there are limitations when it comes to other columns, primarily tags. This RFC suggests the implementation of an inverted index to provide enhanced filtering benefits to bridge these limitations and improve overall system performance.
+
+# Design Detail
+
+## Inverted Index
+
+The primary aim of the proposed inverted index is to optimize tag columns in the SST Parquet Files within the Mito Engine. The mapping and construction of an inverted index, from Tag Values to Row Groups, enables efficient logical structures that provide faster and more flexible queries.
+
+When scanning SST Files, pushed-down filters applied to a respective Tag's inverted index, determine the final Row Groups to be indexed and scanned, further bolstering the speed and efficiency of data retrieval processes.
+
+## Index Format
+
+The Inverted Index for each SST file follows the format shown below:
+
+```
+inverted_index₀ inverted_index₁ ... inverted_indexₙ footer
+```
+
+The structure inside each Inverted Index is as followed:
+
+```
+bitmap₀ bitmap₁ bitmap₂ ... bitmapₙ null_bitmap fst
+```
+
+The format is encapsulated by a footer:
+
+```
+footer_payload footer_payload_size
+```
+
+The `footer_payload` is presented in protobuf encoding of `InvertedIndexFooter`.
+
+The complete format is containerized in [Puffin](https://iceberg.apache.org/puffin-spec/) with the type defined as `greptime-inverted-index-v1`.
+
+## Protobuf Details
+
+The `InvertedIndexFooter` is defined in the following protobuf structure:
+
+```protobuf
+message InvertedIndexFooter {
+    repeated InvertedIndexMeta metas;
+}
+
+message InvertedIndexMeta {
+    string name;
+    uint64 row_count_in_group;
+    uint64 fst_offset;
+    uint64 fst_size;
+    uint64 null_bitmap_offset;
+    uint64 null_bitmap_size;
+    InvertedIndexStats stats;
+}
+
+message InvertedIndexStats {
+    uint64 null_count;
+    uint64 distinct_count;
+    bytes min_value;
+    bytes max_value;
+}
+```
+
+## Bitmap
+
+Bitmaps are used to represent indices of fixed-size groups. Rows are divided into groups of a fixed size, defined in the `InvertedIndexMeta` as `row_count_in_group`.
+
+For example, when `row_count_in_group` is `4096`, it means each group has `4096` rows. If there are a total of `10000` rows, there will be `3` groups in total. The first two groups will have `4096` rows each, and the last group will have `1808` rows. If the indexed values are found in row `200` and `9000`, they will correspond to groups `0` and `2`, respectively. Therefore, the bitmap should show `0` and `2`.
+
+Bitmap is implemented using [BitVec](https://docs.rs/bitvec/latest/bitvec/), selected due to its efficient representation of dense data arrays typical of indices of groups.
+
+
+## Finite State Transducer (FST)
+
+[FST](https://docs.rs/fst/latest/fst/) is a highly efficient data structure ideal for in-memory indexing. It represents ordered sets or maps where the keys are bytes. The choice of the FST effectively balances the need for performance, space efficiency, and the ability to perform complex analyses such as regular expression matching.
+
+The conventional usage of FST and `u64` values has been adapted to facilitate indirect indexing to row groups. As the row groups are represented as Bitmaps, we utilize the `u64` values split into bitmap's offset (higher 32 bits) and size (lower 32 bits) to represent the location of these Bitmaps. 
+
+## API Design
+
+Two APIs `InvertedIndexBuilder` for building indexes and  `InvertedIndexSearcher` for querying indexes are designed:
+
+```rust
+type Bytes = Vec<u8>;
+type GroupId = u64;
+
+trait InvertedIndexBuilder {
+    fn add(&mut self, name: &str, value: Option<&Bytes>, group_id: GroupId) -> Result<()>;
+    fn finish(&mut self) -> Result<()>;
+}
+
+enum Predicate {
+    Gt(Bytes),
+    GtEq(Bytes),
+    Lt(Bytes),
+    LtEq(Bytes),
+    InList(Vec<Bytes>),
+    RegexMatch(String),
+}
+
+trait InvertedIndexSearcher {
+    fn search(&mut self, name: &str, predicates: &[Predicate]) -> Result<impl IntoIterator<GroupId>>;
+}
+```
--- a/docs/rfcs/2023-11-07-region-migration.md
+++ b/docs/rfcs/2023-11-07-region-migration.md
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+---
+Feature Name: Region Migration Procedure
+Tracking Issue: https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/issues/2700
+Date: 2023-11-03
+Author: "Xu Wenkang <wenymedia@gmail.com>"
+---
+
+# Summary
+This RFC proposes a way that brings the ability of Meta Server to move regions between the Datanodes.
+
+# Motivation
+Typically, We need this ability in the following scenarios:
+- Migrate hot-spot Regions to idle Datanode
+- Move the failure Regions to an available Datanode
+
+# Details
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+    style Start fill:#85CB90,color:#fff
+    style End fill:#85CB90,color:#fff
+    style SelectCandidate fill:#F38488,color:#fff
+    style OpenCandidate fill:#F38488,color:#fff
+    style UpdateMetadataDown fill:#F38488,color:#fff
+    style UpdateMetadataUp fill:#F38488,color:#fff
+    style UpdateMetadataRollback fill:#F38488,color:#fff
+    style DowngradeLeader fill:#F38488,color:#fff
+    style UpgradeCandidate fill:#F38488,color:#fff
+
+    Start[Start] 
+    SelectCandidate[Select Candidate] 
+    UpdateMetadataDown["`Update Metadata(Down)
+        1. Downgrade Leader
+    `"]
+    DowngradeLeader["`Downgrade Leader
+    1. Become Follower
+    2. Return **last_entry_id**
+    `"]
+    UpgradeCandidate["`Upgrade Candidate
+    1. Replay to **last_entry_id**
+    2. Become Leader
+    `"]
+    UpdateMetadataUp["`Update Metadata(Up)
+        1. Switch Leader
+        2.1. Remove Old Leader(Opt.)
+        2.2. Move Old Leader to Follower(Opt.)
+    `"]
+    UpdateMetadataRollback["`Update Metadata(Rollback)
+        1. Upgrade old Leader
+    `"]
+    End
+    AnyCandidate{Available?}
+    OpenCandidate["Open Candidate"]
+    CloseOldLeader["Close Old Leader"]
+
+    Start 
+    --> SelectCandidate
+    --> AnyCandidate
+    --> |Yes| UpdateMetadataDown 
+    --> I1["Invalid Frontend Cache"]
+    --> DowngradeLeader 
+    --> UpgradeCandidate
+    --> UpdateMetadataUp
+    --> I2["Invalid Frontend Cache"]
+    --> End
+    
+    UpgradeCandidate
+    --> UpdateMetadataRollback
+    --> I3["Invalid Frontend Cache"]
+    --> End
+
+    I2 
+    --> CloseOldLeader
+    --> End
+
+    AnyCandidate 
+    --> |No| OpenCandidate
+    --> UpdateMetadataDown
+```
+
+**Only the red nodes will persist state after it has succeeded**, and other nodes won't persist state. (excluding the Start and End nodes).
+
+## Steps
+
+**The persistent context:** It's shared in each step and available after recovering. It will only be updated/stored after the Red node has succeeded.
+
+Values: 
+- `region_id`: The target leader region.
+- `peer`: The target datanode.
+- `close_old_leader`: Indicates whether close the region. 
+- `leader_may_unreachable`: It's used to support the failover procedure.
+
+**The Volatile context:** It's shared in each step and available in executing (including retrying). It will be dropped if the procedure runner crashes.
+
+### Select Candidate
+
+The Persistent state: Selected Candidate Region.
+
+### Update Metadata(Down)
+
+**The Persistent context:**
+- The (latest/updated) `version` of `TableRouteValue`, It will be used in the step of `Update Metadata(Up)`.
+
+### Downgrade Leader
+This step sends an instruction via heartbeat and performs:
+1. Downgrades leader region.
+2. Retrieves the `last_entry_id` (if available).
+
+If the target leader region is not found: 
+- Sets `close_old_leader` to true.
+- Sets `leader_may_unreachable` to true.
+
+If the target Datanode is unreachable:
+- Waits for region lease expired.
+- Sets `close_old_leader` to true.
+- Sets `leader_may_unreachable` to true.
+
+**The Persistent context:**
+None
+
+**The Persistent state:** 
+- `last_entry_id`
+
+*Passes to next step.
+
+
+### Upgrade Candidate
+This step sends an instruction via heartbeat and performs:
+1. Replays the WAL to latest(`last_entry_id`).
+2. Upgrades the candidate region.
+
+If the target region is not found: 
+- Rollbacks.
+- Notifies the failover detector if `leader_may_unreachable` == true.
+- Exits procedure.
+
+If the target Datanode is unreachable:
+- Rollbacks.
+- Notifies the failover detector if `leader_may_unreachable` == true.
+- Exits procedure.
+
+**The Persistent context:**
+None
+
+### Update Metadata(Up)
+This step performs
+1. Switches Leader.
+2. Removes Old Leader(Opt.).
+3. Moves Old Leader to follower(Opt.).
+
+The `TableRouteValue` version should equal the `TableRouteValue`'s `version` in Persistent context. Otherwise, verifies whether `TableRouteValue` already updated.
+
+**The Persistent context:**
+None
+
+### Close Old Leader(Opt.)
+This step sends a close region instruction via heartbeat.
+
+If the target leader region is not found: 
+- Ignore.
+
+If the target Datanode is unreachable: 
+- Ignore.
+
+### Open Candidate(Opt.)
+This step sends an open region instruction via heartbeat and waits for conditions to be met (typically, the condition is that the `last_entry_id` of the Candidate Region is very close to that of the Leader Region or the latest).
+
+If the target Datanode is unreachable: 
+- Exits procedure.
--- a/licenserc.toml
+++ b/licenserc.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+headerPath = "Apache-2.0.txt"
+
+includes = [
+    "*.rs",
+    "*.py",
+]
+
+[properties]
+inceptionYear = 2023
+copyrightOwner = "Greptime Team"
--- a/rust-toolchain.toml
+++ b/rust-toolchain.toml
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 [toolchain]
-channel = "nightly-2023-08-07"
+channel = "nightly-2023-10-21"
--- a/scripts/run-pyo3-greptime.sh
+++ b/scripts/run-pyo3-greptime.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# This script configures the environment to run 'greptime' with the required Python version
+
+# This script should be compatible both in Linux and macOS
+OS_TYPE="$(uname)"
+readonly OS_TYPE
+
+check_command_existence() {
+    command -v "$1" &> /dev/null
+}
+
+get_python_version() {
+    case "$OS_TYPE" in
+        Darwin)
+            otool -L $GREPTIME_BIN_PATH | grep -o 'Python.framework/Versions/3.[0-9]\+/Python' | grep -o '3.[0-9]\+'
+            ;;
+        Linux)
+            ldd $GREPTIME_BIN_PATH | grep -o 'libpython3\.[0-9]\+' | grep -o '3\.[0-9]\+'
+            ;;
+        *)
+            echo "Unsupported OS type: $OS_TYPE"
+            exit 1
+            ;;
+    esac
+}
+
+setup_virtualenv() {
+    local req_py_version="$1"
+    local env_name="GreptimeTmpVenv$req_py_version"
+    virtualenv --python=python"$req_py_version" "$env_name"
+    source "$env_name/bin/activate"
+}
+
+setup_conda_env() {
+    local req_py_version="$1"
+    local conda_base
+    conda_base=$(conda info --base) || { echo "Error obtaining conda base directory"; exit 1; }
+    . "$conda_base/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
+
+    if ! conda list --name "GreptimeTmpPyO3Env$req_py_version" &> /dev/null; then
+        conda create --yes --name "GreptimeTmpPyO3Env$req_py_version" python="$req_py_version"
+    fi
+
+    conda activate "GreptimeTmpPyO3Env$req_py_version"
+}
+
+GREPTIME_BIN_PATH="./greptime"
+YES="false"
+
+usage() {
+  echo "Usage:"
+  echo "  $0 -f <greptime-bin-path> [-y] <args-pass-to-greptime>"
+  echo "Set $PY_ENV_MAN to 1 to use virtualenv, 2 to use conda"
+  exit 1
+}
+
+function parse_args() {
+  while getopts ":f:y" opt; do
+    case $opt in
+      f)
+        GREPTIME_BIN_PATH=$OPTARG
+        ;;
+      y)
+        YES="yes"
+        ;;
+      \?)
+        echo "Invalid option: -$OPTARG" >&2
+        exit 1
+        ;;
+      :)
+        echo "Option -$OPTARG requires an argument." >&2
+        exit 1
+        ;;
+    esac
+  done
+
+  shift $((OPTIND -1))
+
+  REST_ARGS=$*
+
+  if [ -z "$GREPTIME_BIN_PATH" ]; then
+    usage
+  fi
+
+  echo "Run greptime binary at '$GREPTIME_BIN_PATH' (yes=$YES)..."
+  echo "The args pass to greptime: '$REST_ARGS'"
+}
+
+# Set library path and pass all arguments to greptime to run it
+execute_greptime() {
+    if [[ "$OS_TYPE" == "Darwin" ]]; then
+        DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH="${CONDA_PREFIX:-$PREFIX}/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:-}" $GREPTIME_BIN_PATH $@
+    elif [[ "$OS_TYPE" == "Linux" ]]; then
+        LD_LIBRARY_PATH="${CONDA_PREFIX:-$PREFIX}/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:-}" $GREPTIME_BIN_PATH $@
+    fi
+}
+
+main() {
+    parse_args $@
+
+    local req_py_version
+    req_py_version=$(get_python_version)
+    readonly req_py_version
+
+    if [[ -z "$req_py_version" ]]; then
+        if $GREPTIME_BIN_PATH --version &> /dev/null; then
+            $GREPTIME_BIN_PATH $REST_ARGS
+        else
+            echo "The 'greptime' binary is not valid or encountered an error."
+            $GREPTIME_BIN_PATH --version
+            exit 1
+        fi
+        return
+    fi
+
+    echo "The required version of Python shared library is $req_py_version"
+
+    # if YES exist, assign it to yn, else read from stdin
+    if [[ -z "$YES" ]]; then
+        echo "Now this script will try to install or find correct Python Version"
+        echo "Do you want to continue? (yes/no): "
+        read -r yn
+    else
+        yn="$YES"
+    fi
+    case $yn in
+        [Yy]* ) ;;
+        [Nn]* ) exit;;
+        * ) echo "Please answer yes or no.";;
+    esac
+
+    # if USE_ENV exist, assign it to option
+    # else read from stdin
+    if [[ -z "$PY_ENV_MAN" ]]; then
+        echo "Do you want to use virtualenv or conda? (virtualenv(1)/conda(2)): "
+        read -r option
+    else
+        option="$PY_ENV_MAN"
+    fi
+    
+    case $option in 
+        1) 
+        setup_virtualenv "$req_py_version"
+        ;;
+        2) 
+        setup_conda_env "$req_py_version"
+        ;;
+        *) 
+        echo "Please input 1 or 2"; exit 1
+        ;;
+    esac
+
+    execute_greptime $REST_ARGS
+}
+
+main "$@"
--- a/src/api/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/api/Cargo.toml
@@ -5,13 +5,16 @@ edition.workspace = true
 license.workspace = true

 [dependencies]
-common-base = { workspace = true }
-common-error = { workspace = true }
-common-time = { workspace = true }
-datatypes = { workspace = true }
+common-base.workspace = true
+common-decimal.workspace = true
+common-error.workspace = true
+common-macro.workspace = true
+common-time.workspace = true
+datatypes.workspace = true
 greptime-proto.workspace = true
+paste = "1.0"
 prost.workspace = true
-snafu = { version = "0.7", features = ["backtraces"] }
+snafu.workspace = true
 tonic.workspace = true

 [build-dependencies]
--- a/src/api/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/api/src/error.rs
@@ -16,17 +16,24 @@ use std::any::Any;

 use common_error::ext::ErrorExt;
 use common_error::status_code::StatusCode;
+use common_macro::stack_trace_debug;
 use datatypes::prelude::ConcreteDataType;
 use snafu::prelude::*;
 use snafu::Location;

 pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;

-#[derive(Debug, Snafu)]
+#[derive(Snafu)]
 #[snafu(visibility(pub))]
+#[stack_trace_debug]
 pub enum Error {
    #[snafu(display("Unknown proto column datatype: {}", datatype))]
-    UnknownColumnDataType { datatype: i32, location: Location },
+    UnknownColumnDataType {
+        datatype: i32,
+        location: Location,
+        #[snafu(source)]
+        error: prost::DecodeError,
+    },

    #[snafu(display("Failed to create column datatype from {:?}", from))]
    IntoColumnDataType {
@@ -34,22 +41,14 @@ pub enum Error {
        location: Location,
    },

-    #[snafu(display(
-        "Failed to convert column default constraint, column: {}, source: {}",
-        column,
-        source
-    ))]
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to convert column default constraint, column: {}", column))]
    ConvertColumnDefaultConstraint {
        column: String,
        location: Location,
        source: datatypes::error::Error,
    },

-    #[snafu(display(
-        "Invalid column default constraint, column: {}, source: {}",
-        column,
-        source
-    ))]
+    #[snafu(display("Invalid column default constraint, column: {}", column))]
    InvalidColumnDefaultConstraint {
        column: String,
        location: Location,
--- a/src/api/src/helper.rs
+++ b/src/api/src/helper.rs
--- a/src/api/src/v1/column_def.rs
+++ b/src/api/src/v1/column_def.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

-use datatypes::schema::{ColumnDefaultConstraint, ColumnSchema};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use datatypes::schema::{ColumnDefaultConstraint, ColumnSchema, COMMENT_KEY};
 use snafu::ResultExt;

 use crate::error::{self, Result};
@@ -20,7 +22,10 @@ use crate::helper::ColumnDataTypeWrapper;
 use crate::v1::ColumnDef;

 pub fn try_as_column_schema(column_def: &ColumnDef) -> Result<ColumnSchema> {
-    let data_type = ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(column_def.datatype)?;
+    let data_type = ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(
+        column_def.data_type,
+        column_def.datatype_extension.clone(),
+    )?;

    let constraint = if column_def.default_constraint.is_empty() {
        None
@@ -34,9 +39,17 @@ pub fn try_as_column_schema(column_def: &ColumnDef) -> Result<ColumnSchema> {
        )
    };

-    ColumnSchema::new(&column_def.name, data_type.into(), column_def.is_nullable)
-        .with_default_constraint(constraint)
-        .context(error::InvalidColumnDefaultConstraintSnafu {
-            column: &column_def.name,
-        })
+    let mut metadata = HashMap::new();
+    if !column_def.comment.is_empty() {
+        metadata.insert(COMMENT_KEY.to_string(), column_def.comment.clone());
+    }
+
+    Ok(
+        ColumnSchema::new(&column_def.name, data_type.into(), column_def.is_nullable)
+            .with_default_constraint(constraint)
+            .context(error::InvalidColumnDefaultConstraintSnafu {
+                column: &column_def.name,
+            })?
+            .with_metadata(metadata),
+    )
 }
--- a/src/auth/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/auth/Cargo.toml
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ version.workspace = true
 edition.workspace = true
 license.workspace = true

-# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
-
 [features]
 default = []
 testing = []
@@ -14,6 +12,7 @@ testing = []
 api.workspace = true
 async-trait.workspace = true
 common-error.workspace = true
+common-macro.workspace = true
 digest = "0.10"
 hex = { version = "0.4" }
 secrecy = { version = "0.8", features = ["serde", "alloc"] }
--- a/src/auth/src/common.rs
+++ b/src/auth/src/common.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
 //
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 //
 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use crate::{UserInfoRef, UserProviderRef};

 pub(crate) const DEFAULT_USERNAME: &str = "greptime";

-/// construct a [`UserInfo`] impl with name
+/// construct a [`UserInfo`](crate::user_info::UserInfo) impl with name
 /// use default username `greptime` if None is provided
 pub fn userinfo_by_name(username: Option<String>) -> UserInfoRef {
    DefaultUserInfo::with_name(username.unwrap_or_else(|| DEFAULT_USERNAME.to_string()))
--- a/src/auth/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/auth/src/error.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
 //
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 //
 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
@@ -14,10 +14,12 @@

 use common_error::ext::{BoxedError, ErrorExt};
 use common_error::status_code::StatusCode;
+use common_macro::stack_trace_debug;
 use snafu::{Location, Snafu};

-#[derive(Debug, Snafu)]
+#[derive(Snafu)]
 #[snafu(visibility(pub))]
+#[stack_trace_debug]
 pub enum Error {
    #[snafu(display("Invalid config value: {}, {}", value, msg))]
    InvalidConfig { value: String, msg: String },
@@ -28,13 +30,14 @@ pub enum Error {
    #[snafu(display("Internal state error: {}", msg))]
    InternalState { msg: String },

-    #[snafu(display("IO error, source: {}", source))]
+    #[snafu(display("IO error"))]
    Io {
-        source: std::io::Error,
+        #[snafu(source)]
+        error: std::io::Error,
        location: Location,
    },

-    #[snafu(display("Auth failed, source: {}", source))]
+    #[snafu(display("Auth failed"))]
    AuthBackend {
        location: Location,
        source: BoxedError,
--- a/src/auth/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/auth/src/lib.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
 //
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 //
 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- a/src/auth/src/permission.rs
+++ b/src/auth/src/permission.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
 //
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 //
 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- a/src/auth/src/tests.rs
+++ b/src/auth/src/tests.rs
@@ -4,13 +4,14 @@
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
 //
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 //
 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
+
 use secrecy::ExposeSecret;

 use crate::error::{
--- a/src/auth/src/user_info.rs
+++ b/src/auth/src/user_info.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
 //
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 //
 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- a/src/auth/src/user_provider.rs
+++ b/src/auth/src/user_provider.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
 //
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 //
 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
@@ -22,15 +22,15 @@ use crate::UserInfoRef;
 pub trait UserProvider: Send + Sync {
    fn name(&self) -> &str;

-    /// [`authenticate`] checks whether a user is valid and allowed to access the database.
+    /// Checks whether a user is valid and allowed to access the database.
    async fn authenticate(&self, id: Identity<'_>, password: Password<'_>) -> Result<UserInfoRef>;

-    /// [`authorize`] checks whether a connection request
+    /// Checks whether a connection request
    /// from a certain user to a certain catalog/schema is legal.
-    /// This method should be called after [`authenticate`].
+    /// This method should be called after [authenticate()](UserProvider::authenticate()).
    async fn authorize(&self, catalog: &str, schema: &str, user_info: &UserInfoRef) -> Result<()>;

-    /// [`auth`] is a combination of [`authenticate`] and [`authorize`].
+    /// Combination of [authenticate()](UserProvider::authenticate()) and [authorize()](UserProvider::authorize()).
    /// In most cases it's preferred for both convenience and performance.
    async fn auth(
        &self,
--- a/src/auth/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/src/auth/tests/mod.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
 //
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 //
 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- a/src/catalog/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/catalog/Cargo.toml
@@ -8,45 +8,45 @@ license.workspace = true
 testing = []

 [dependencies]
-api = { workspace = true }
+api.workspace = true
 arc-swap = "1.0"
 arrow-schema.workspace = true
 async-stream.workspace = true
 async-trait = "0.1"
-common-catalog = { workspace = true }
-common-error = { workspace = true }
-common-grpc = { workspace = true }
-common-meta = { workspace = true }
-common-query = { workspace = true }
-common-recordbatch = { workspace = true }
-common-runtime = { workspace = true }
-common-telemetry = { workspace = true }
-common-time = { workspace = true }
+common-catalog.workspace = true
+common-error.workspace = true
+common-grpc.workspace = true
+common-macro.workspace = true
+common-meta.workspace = true
+common-query.workspace = true
+common-recordbatch.workspace = true
+common-runtime.workspace = true
+common-telemetry.workspace = true
+common-time.workspace = true
 dashmap = "5.4"
 datafusion.workspace = true
-datatypes = { workspace = true }
+datatypes.workspace = true
 futures = "0.3"
 futures-util.workspace = true
 lazy_static.workspace = true
-meta-client = { workspace = true }
-metrics.workspace = true
-moka = { version = "0.11", features = ["future"] }
+meta-client.workspace = true
+moka = { workspace = true, features = ["future"] }
 parking_lot = "0.12"
+partition.workspace = true
+prometheus.workspace = true
 regex.workspace = true
 serde.workspace = true
 serde_json = "1.0"
-session = { workspace = true }
-snafu = { version = "0.7", features = ["backtraces"] }
-store-api = { workspace = true }
-table = { workspace = true }
+session.workspace = true
+snafu.workspace = true
+store-api.workspace = true
+table.workspace = true
 tokio.workspace = true

 [dev-dependencies]
 catalog = { workspace = true, features = ["testing"] }
 chrono.workspace = true
-common-test-util = { workspace = true }
-log-store = { workspace = true }
-mito = { workspace = true, features = ["test"] }
-object-store = { workspace = true }
-storage = { workspace = true }
+common-test-util.workspace = true
+log-store.workspace = true
+object-store.workspace = true
 tokio.workspace = true
--- a/src/catalog/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/catalog/src/error.rs
@@ -17,54 +17,48 @@ use std::fmt::Debug;

 use common_error::ext::{BoxedError, ErrorExt};
 use common_error::status_code::StatusCode;
+use common_macro::stack_trace_debug;
 use datafusion::error::DataFusionError;
 use datatypes::prelude::ConcreteDataType;
 use snafu::{Location, Snafu};
+use table::metadata::TableId;
 use tokio::task::JoinError;

-use crate::DeregisterTableRequest;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Snafu)]
+#[derive(Snafu)]
 #[snafu(visibility(pub))]
+#[stack_trace_debug]
 pub enum Error {
-    #[snafu(display("Failed to list catalogs, source: {}", source))]
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to list catalogs"))]
    ListCatalogs {
        location: Location,
        source: BoxedError,
    },

-    #[snafu(display("Failed to list {}'s schemas, source: {}", catalog, source))]
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to list {}'s schemas", catalog))]
    ListSchemas {
        location: Location,
        catalog: String,
        source: BoxedError,
    },

-    #[snafu(display(
-        "Failed to re-compile script due to internal error, source: {}",
-        source
-    ))]
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to re-compile script due to internal error"))]
    CompileScriptInternal {
        location: Location,
        source: BoxedError,
    },
-    #[snafu(display("Failed to open system catalog table, source: {}", source))]
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to open system catalog table"))]
    OpenSystemCatalog {
        location: Location,
        source: table::error::Error,
    },

-    #[snafu(display("Failed to create system catalog table, source: {}", source))]
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to create system catalog table"))]
    CreateSystemCatalog {
        location: Location,
        source: table::error::Error,
    },

-    #[snafu(display(
-        "Failed to create table, table info: {}, source: {}",
-        table_info,
-        source
-    ))]
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to create table, table info: {}", table_info))]
    CreateTable {
        table_info: String,
        location: Location,
@@ -98,13 +92,14 @@ pub enum Error {
    #[snafu(display("Catalog value is not present"))]
    EmptyValue { location: Location },

-    #[snafu(display("Failed to deserialize value, source: {}", source))]
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to deserialize value"))]
    ValueDeserialize {
-        source: serde_json::error::Error,
+        #[snafu(source)]
+        error: serde_json::error::Error,
        location: Location,
    },

-    #[snafu(display("Table engine not found: {}, source: {}", engine_name, source))]
+    #[snafu(display("Table engine not found: {}", engine_name))]
    TableEngineNotFound {
        engine_name: String,
        location: Location,
@@ -142,15 +137,18 @@ pub enum Error {
    #[snafu(display("Operation {} not supported", op))]
    NotSupported { op: String, location: Location },

-    #[snafu(display("Failed to open table, table info: {}, source: {}", table_info, source))]
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to open table {table_id}"))]
    OpenTable {
-        table_info: String,
+        table_id: TableId,
        location: Location,
        source: table::error::Error,
    },

-    #[snafu(display("Failed to open table in parallel, source: {}", source))]
-    ParallelOpenTable { source: JoinError },
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to open table in parallel"))]
+    ParallelOpenTable {
+        #[snafu(source)]
+        error: JoinError,
+    },

    #[snafu(display("Table not found while opening table, table info: {}", table_info))]
    TableNotFound {
@@ -164,72 +162,52 @@ pub enum Error {
        source: common_recordbatch::error::Error,
    },

-    #[snafu(display("Failed to create recordbatch, source: {}", source))]
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to create recordbatch"))]
    CreateRecordBatch {
        location: Location,
        source: common_recordbatch::error::Error,
    },

-    #[snafu(display(
-        "Failed to insert table creation record to system catalog, source: {}",
-        source
-    ))]
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to insert table creation record to system catalog"))]
    InsertCatalogRecord {
        location: Location,
        source: table::error::Error,
    },

-    #[snafu(display(
-        "Failed to deregister table, request: {:?}, source: {}",
-        request,
-        source
-    ))]
-    DeregisterTable {
-        request: DeregisterTableRequest,
-        location: Location,
-        source: table::error::Error,
-    },
-
-    #[snafu(display("Illegal catalog manager state: {}", msg))]
-    IllegalManagerState { location: Location, msg: String },
-
-    #[snafu(display("Failed to scan system catalog table, source: {}", source))]
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to scan system catalog table"))]
    SystemCatalogTableScan {
        location: Location,
        source: table::error::Error,
    },

-    #[snafu(display("{source}"))]
+    #[snafu(display("Internal error"))]
    Internal {
        location: Location,
        source: BoxedError,
    },

-    #[snafu(display(
-        "Failed to upgrade weak catalog manager reference. location: {}",
-        location
-    ))]
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to upgrade weak catalog manager reference"))]
    UpgradeWeakCatalogManagerRef { location: Location },

-    #[snafu(display("Failed to execute system catalog table scan, source: {}", source))]
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to execute system catalog table scan"))]
    SystemCatalogTableScanExec {
        location: Location,
        source: common_query::error::Error,
    },

-    #[snafu(display("Cannot parse catalog value, source: {}", source))]
+    #[snafu(display("Cannot parse catalog value"))]
    InvalidCatalogValue {
        location: Location,
        source: common_catalog::error::Error,
    },

-    #[snafu(display("Failed to perform metasrv operation, source: {}", source))]
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to perform metasrv operation"))]
    MetaSrv {
        location: Location,
        source: meta_client::error::Error,
    },

-    #[snafu(display("Invalid table info in catalog, source: {}", source))]
+    #[snafu(display("Invalid table info in catalog"))]
    InvalidTableInfoInCatalog {
        location: Location,
        source: datatypes::error::Error,
@@ -238,17 +216,14 @@ pub enum Error {
    #[snafu(display("Illegal access to catalog: {} and schema: {}", catalog, schema))]
    QueryAccessDenied { catalog: String, schema: String },

-    #[snafu(display("Invalid system table definition: {err_msg}"))]
-    InvalidSystemTableDef { err_msg: String, location: Location },
-
-    #[snafu(display("{}: {}", msg, source))]
+    #[snafu(display("DataFusion error"))]
    Datafusion {
-        msg: String,
-        source: DataFusionError,
+        #[snafu(source)]
+        error: DataFusionError,
        location: Location,
    },

-    #[snafu(display("Table schema mismatch, source: {}", source))]
+    #[snafu(display("Table schema mismatch"))]
    TableSchemaMismatch {
        location: Location,
        source: table::error::Error,
@@ -257,7 +232,7 @@ pub enum Error {
    #[snafu(display("A generic error has occurred, msg: {}", msg))]
    Generic { msg: String, location: Location },

-    #[snafu(display("Table metadata manager error: {}", source))]
+    #[snafu(display("Table metadata manager error"))]
    TableMetadataManager {
        source: common_meta::error::Error,
        location: Location,
@@ -272,10 +247,8 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
            Error::InvalidKey { .. }
            | Error::SchemaNotFound { .. }
            | Error::TableNotFound { .. }
-            | Error::IllegalManagerState { .. }
            | Error::CatalogNotFound { .. }
            | Error::InvalidEntryType { .. }
-            | Error::InvalidSystemTableDef { .. }
            | Error::ParallelOpenTable { .. } => StatusCode::Unexpected,

            Error::SystemCatalog { .. }
@@ -306,7 +279,6 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
            | Error::InsertCatalogRecord { source, .. }
            | Error::OpenTable { source, .. }
            | Error::CreateTable { source, .. }
-            | Error::DeregisterTable { source, .. }
            | Error::TableSchemaMismatch { source, .. } => source.status_code(),

            Error::MetaSrv { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
--- a/src/catalog/src/information_schema/columns.rs
+++ b/src/catalog/src/information_schema/columns.rs
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ impl InformationSchemaColumnsBuilder {

        for schema_name in catalog_manager.schema_names(&catalog_name).await? {
            if !catalog_manager
-                .schema_exist(&catalog_name, &schema_name)
+                .schema_exists(&catalog_name, &schema_name)
                .await?
            {
                continue;
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ impl InformationSchemaColumnsBuilder {
                        &schema_name,
                        &table_name,
                        &column.name,
-                        column.data_type.name(),
+                        &column.data_type.name(),
                        semantic_type,
                    );
                }
--- a/src/catalog/src/information_schema/tables.rs
+++ b/src/catalog/src/information_schema/tables.rs
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ impl InformationSchemaTablesBuilder {

        for schema_name in catalog_manager.schema_names(&catalog_name).await? {
            if !catalog_manager
-                .schema_exist(&catalog_name, &schema_name)
+                .schema_exists(&catalog_name, &schema_name)
                .await?
            {
                continue;
--- a/src/file-table-engine/src/manifest.rs
+++ b/src/file-table-engine/src/manifest.rs
@@ -12,9 +12,11 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

-pub mod immutable;
+pub use client::{CachedMetaKvBackend, MetaKvBackend};

-#[inline]
-pub fn table_manifest_dir(table_dir: &str) -> String {
-    format!("{table_dir}manifest/")
-}
+mod client;
+mod manager;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "testing")]
+pub mod mock;
+pub use manager::KvBackendCatalogManager;
--- a/src/catalog/src/kvbackend/client.rs
+++ b/src/catalog/src/kvbackend/client.rs
@@ -18,22 +18,21 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;

 use common_error::ext::BoxedError;
+use common_meta::cache_invalidator::KvCacheInvalidator;
 use common_meta::error::Error::{CacheNotGet, GetKvCache};
-use common_meta::error::{CacheNotGetSnafu, Error, MetaSrvSnafu, Result};
+use common_meta::error::{CacheNotGetSnafu, Error, ExternalSnafu, Result};
 use common_meta::kv_backend::{KvBackend, KvBackendRef, TxnService};
 use common_meta::rpc::store::{
    BatchDeleteRequest, BatchDeleteResponse, BatchGetRequest, BatchGetResponse, BatchPutRequest,
    BatchPutResponse, CompareAndPutRequest, CompareAndPutResponse, DeleteRangeRequest,
-    DeleteRangeResponse, MoveValueRequest, MoveValueResponse, PutRequest, PutResponse,
-    RangeRequest, RangeResponse,
+    DeleteRangeResponse, PutRequest, PutResponse, RangeRequest, RangeResponse,
 };
 use common_meta::rpc::KeyValue;
-use common_telemetry::timer;
+use common_telemetry::debug;
 use meta_client::client::MetaClient;
 use moka::future::{Cache, CacheBuilder};
 use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};

-use super::KvCacheInvalidator;
 use crate::metrics::{METRIC_CATALOG_KV_GET, METRIC_CATALOG_KV_REMOTE_GET};

 const CACHE_MAX_CAPACITY: u64 = 10000;
@@ -152,25 +151,11 @@ impl KvBackend for CachedMetaKvBackend {
        }
    }

-    async fn move_value(&self, req: MoveValueRequest) -> Result<MoveValueResponse> {
-        let from_key = &req.from_key.clone();
-        let to_key = &req.to_key.clone();
-
-        let ret = self.kv_backend.move_value(req).await;
-
-        if ret.is_ok() {
-            self.invalidate_key(from_key).await;
-            self.invalidate_key(to_key).await;
-        }
-
-        ret
-    }
-
    async fn get(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<KeyValue>> {
-        let _timer = timer!(METRIC_CATALOG_KV_GET);
+        let _timer = METRIC_CATALOG_KV_GET.start_timer();

        let init = async {
-            let _timer = timer!(METRIC_CATALOG_KV_REMOTE_GET);
+            let _timer = METRIC_CATALOG_KV_REMOTE_GET.start_timer();
            self.kv_backend.get(key).await.map(|val| {
                val.with_context(|| CacheNotGetSnafu {
                    key: String::from_utf8_lossy(key),
@@ -197,7 +182,8 @@ impl KvBackend for CachedMetaKvBackend {
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl KvCacheInvalidator for CachedMetaKvBackend {
    async fn invalidate_key(&self, key: &[u8]) {
-        self.cache.invalidate(key).await
+        self.cache.invalidate(key).await;
+        debug!("invalidated cache key: {}", String::from_utf8_lossy(key));
    }
 }

@@ -251,7 +237,7 @@ impl KvBackend for MetaKvBackend {
            .range(req)
            .await
            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
-            .context(MetaSrvSnafu)
+            .context(ExternalSnafu)
    }

    async fn get(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<KeyValue>> {
@@ -260,7 +246,7 @@ impl KvBackend for MetaKvBackend {
            .range(RangeRequest::new().with_key(key))
            .await
            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
-            .context(MetaSrvSnafu)?;
+            .context(ExternalSnafu)?;
        Ok(response.take_kvs().get_mut(0).map(|kv| KeyValue {
            key: kv.take_key(),
            value: kv.take_value(),
@@ -272,7 +258,7 @@ impl KvBackend for MetaKvBackend {
            .batch_put(req)
            .await
            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
-            .context(MetaSrvSnafu)
+            .context(ExternalSnafu)
    }

    async fn put(&self, req: PutRequest) -> Result<PutResponse> {
@@ -280,7 +266,7 @@ impl KvBackend for MetaKvBackend {
            .put(req)
            .await
            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
-            .context(MetaSrvSnafu)
+            .context(ExternalSnafu)
    }

    async fn delete_range(&self, req: DeleteRangeRequest) -> Result<DeleteRangeResponse> {
@@ -288,7 +274,7 @@ impl KvBackend for MetaKvBackend {
            .delete_range(req)
            .await
            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
-            .context(MetaSrvSnafu)
+            .context(ExternalSnafu)
    }

    async fn batch_delete(&self, req: BatchDeleteRequest) -> Result<BatchDeleteResponse> {
@@ -296,7 +282,7 @@ impl KvBackend for MetaKvBackend {
            .batch_delete(req)
            .await
            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
-            .context(MetaSrvSnafu)
+            .context(ExternalSnafu)
    }

    async fn batch_get(&self, req: BatchGetRequest) -> Result<BatchGetResponse> {
@@ -304,7 +290,7 @@ impl KvBackend for MetaKvBackend {
            .batch_get(req)
            .await
            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
-            .context(MetaSrvSnafu)
+            .context(ExternalSnafu)
    }

    async fn compare_and_put(
@@ -315,15 +301,7 @@ impl KvBackend for MetaKvBackend {
            .compare_and_put(request)
            .await
            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
-            .context(MetaSrvSnafu)
-    }
-
-    async fn move_value(&self, req: MoveValueRequest) -> Result<MoveValueResponse> {
-        self.client
-            .move_value(req)
-            .await
-            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
-            .context(MetaSrvSnafu)
+            .context(ExternalSnafu)
    }

    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
--- a/src/catalog/src/kvbackend/manager.rs
+++ b/src/catalog/src/kvbackend/manager.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::any::Any;
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Weak};
+
+use common_catalog::consts::{DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME, NUMBERS_TABLE_ID};
+use common_error::ext::BoxedError;
+use common_meta::cache_invalidator::{CacheInvalidator, CacheInvalidatorRef, Context};
+use common_meta::error::Result as MetaResult;
+use common_meta::key::catalog_name::CatalogNameKey;
+use common_meta::key::schema_name::SchemaNameKey;
+use common_meta::key::table_name::TableNameKey;
+use common_meta::key::{TableMetadataManager, TableMetadataManagerRef};
+use common_meta::kv_backend::KvBackendRef;
+use common_meta::table_name::TableName;
+use futures_util::TryStreamExt;
+use partition::manager::{PartitionRuleManager, PartitionRuleManagerRef};
+use snafu::prelude::*;
+use table::dist_table::DistTable;
+use table::metadata::TableId;
+use table::table::numbers::{NumbersTable, NUMBERS_TABLE_NAME};
+use table::TableRef;
+
+use crate::error::{
+    self as catalog_err, ListCatalogsSnafu, ListSchemasSnafu, Result as CatalogResult,
+    TableMetadataManagerSnafu,
+};
+use crate::information_schema::{InformationSchemaProvider, COLUMNS, TABLES};
+use crate::CatalogManager;
+
+/// Access all existing catalog, schema and tables.
+///
+/// The result comes from two source, all the user tables are presented in
+/// a kv-backend which persists the metadata of a table. And system tables
+/// comes from `SystemCatalog`, which is static and read-only.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct KvBackendCatalogManager {
+    // TODO(LFC): Maybe use a real implementation for Standalone mode.
+    // Now we use `NoopKvCacheInvalidator` for Standalone mode. In Standalone mode, the KV backend
+    // is implemented by RaftEngine. Maybe we need a cache for it?
+    cache_invalidator: CacheInvalidatorRef,
+    partition_manager: PartitionRuleManagerRef,
+    table_metadata_manager: TableMetadataManagerRef,
+    /// A sub-CatalogManager that handles system tables
+    system_catalog: SystemCatalog,
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl CacheInvalidator for KvBackendCatalogManager {
+    async fn invalidate_table_name(&self, ctx: &Context, table_name: TableName) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        self.cache_invalidator
+            .invalidate_table_name(ctx, table_name)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    async fn invalidate_table_id(&self, ctx: &Context, table_id: TableId) -> MetaResult<()> {
+        self.cache_invalidator
+            .invalidate_table_id(ctx, table_id)
+            .await
+    }
+}
+
+impl KvBackendCatalogManager {
+    pub fn new(backend: KvBackendRef, cache_invalidator: CacheInvalidatorRef) -> Arc<Self> {
+        Arc::new_cyclic(|me| Self {
+            partition_manager: Arc::new(PartitionRuleManager::new(backend.clone())),
+            table_metadata_manager: Arc::new(TableMetadataManager::new(backend)),
+            cache_invalidator,
+            system_catalog: SystemCatalog {
+                catalog_manager: me.clone(),
+            },
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn partition_manager(&self) -> PartitionRuleManagerRef {
+        self.partition_manager.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn table_metadata_manager_ref(&self) -> &TableMetadataManagerRef {
+        &self.table_metadata_manager
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl CatalogManager for KvBackendCatalogManager {
+    async fn catalog_names(&self) -> CatalogResult<Vec<String>> {
+        let stream = self
+            .table_metadata_manager
+            .catalog_manager()
+            .catalog_names()
+            .await;
+
+        let keys = stream
+            .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .await
+            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
+            .context(ListCatalogsSnafu)?;
+
+        Ok(keys)
+    }
+
+    async fn schema_names(&self, catalog: &str) -> CatalogResult<Vec<String>> {
+        let stream = self
+            .table_metadata_manager
+            .schema_manager()
+            .schema_names(catalog)
+            .await;
+        let mut keys = stream
+            .try_collect::<BTreeSet<_>>()
+            .await
+            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
+            .context(ListSchemasSnafu { catalog })?
+            .into_iter()
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        keys.extend_from_slice(&self.system_catalog.schema_names());
+
+        Ok(keys)
+    }
+
+    async fn table_names(&self, catalog: &str, schema: &str) -> CatalogResult<Vec<String>> {
+        let mut tables = self
+            .table_metadata_manager
+            .table_name_manager()
+            .tables(catalog, schema)
+            .await
+            .context(TableMetadataManagerSnafu)?
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(k, _)| k)
+            .collect::<Vec<String>>();
+        tables.extend_from_slice(&self.system_catalog.table_names(schema));
+
+        Ok(tables)
+    }
+
+    async fn catalog_exists(&self, catalog: &str) -> CatalogResult<bool> {
+        self.table_metadata_manager
+            .catalog_manager()
+            .exists(CatalogNameKey::new(catalog))
+            .await
+            .context(TableMetadataManagerSnafu)
+    }
+
+    async fn schema_exists(&self, catalog: &str, schema: &str) -> CatalogResult<bool> {
+        if self.system_catalog.schema_exist(schema) {
+            return Ok(true);
+        }
+
+        self.table_metadata_manager
+            .schema_manager()
+            .exists(SchemaNameKey::new(catalog, schema))
+            .await
+            .context(TableMetadataManagerSnafu)
+    }
+
+    async fn table_exists(&self, catalog: &str, schema: &str, table: &str) -> CatalogResult<bool> {
+        if self.system_catalog.table_exist(schema, table) {
+            return Ok(true);
+        }
+
+        let key = TableNameKey::new(catalog, schema, table);
+        self.table_metadata_manager
+            .table_name_manager()
+            .get(key)
+            .await
+            .context(TableMetadataManagerSnafu)
+            .map(|x| x.is_some())
+    }
+
+    async fn table(
+        &self,
+        catalog: &str,
+        schema: &str,
+        table_name: &str,
+    ) -> CatalogResult<Option<TableRef>> {
+        if let Some(table) = self.system_catalog.table(catalog, schema, table_name) {
+            return Ok(Some(table));
+        }
+
+        let key = TableNameKey::new(catalog, schema, table_name);
+        let Some(table_name_value) = self
+            .table_metadata_manager
+            .table_name_manager()
+            .get(key)
+            .await
+            .context(TableMetadataManagerSnafu)?
+        else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        let table_id = table_name_value.table_id();
+
+        let Some(table_info_value) = self
+            .table_metadata_manager
+            .table_info_manager()
+            .get(table_id)
+            .await
+            .context(TableMetadataManagerSnafu)?
+            .map(|v| v.into_inner())
+        else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        let table_info = Arc::new(
+            table_info_value
+                .table_info
+                .try_into()
+                .context(catalog_err::InvalidTableInfoInCatalogSnafu)?,
+        );
+        Ok(Some(DistTable::table(table_info)))
+    }
+
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+// TODO: This struct can hold a static map of all system tables when
+// the upper layer (e.g., procedure) can inform the catalog manager
+// a new catalog is created.
+/// Existing system tables:
+/// - public.numbers
+/// - information_schema.tables
+/// - information_schema.columns
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct SystemCatalog {
+    catalog_manager: Weak<KvBackendCatalogManager>,
+}
+
+impl SystemCatalog {
+    fn schema_names(&self) -> Vec<String> {
+        vec![INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string()]
+    }
+
+    fn table_names(&self, schema: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+        if schema == INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME {
+            vec![TABLES.to_string(), COLUMNS.to_string()]
+        } else if schema == DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME {
+            vec![NUMBERS_TABLE_NAME.to_string()]
+        } else {
+            vec![]
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn schema_exist(&self, schema: &str) -> bool {
+        schema == INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME
+    }
+
+    fn table_exist(&self, schema: &str, table: &str) -> bool {
+        if schema == INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME {
+            table == TABLES || table == COLUMNS
+        } else if schema == DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME {
+            table == NUMBERS_TABLE_NAME
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn table(&self, catalog: &str, schema: &str, table_name: &str) -> Option<TableRef> {
+        if schema == INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME {
+            let information_schema_provider =
+                InformationSchemaProvider::new(catalog.to_string(), self.catalog_manager.clone());
+            information_schema_provider.table(table_name)
+        } else if schema == DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME && table_name == NUMBERS_TABLE_NAME {
+            Some(NumbersTable::table(NUMBERS_TABLE_ID))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/src/catalog/src/kvbackend/mock.rs
+++ b/src/catalog/src/kvbackend/mock.rs
@@ -55,14 +55,14 @@ impl TableEngine for MockTableEngine {

        let data = vec![Arc::new(StringVector::from(vec!["a", "b", "c"])) as _];
        let record_batch = RecordBatch::new(schema, data).unwrap();
-        let table: TableRef = Arc::new(MemTable::new_with_catalog(
+        let table = MemTable::new_with_catalog(
            &request.table_name,
            record_batch,
            table_id,
            request.catalog_name,
            request.schema_name,
            vec![0],
-        )) as Arc<_>;
+        );

        let mut tables = self.tables.write().unwrap();
        let _ = tables.insert(table_id, table.clone() as TableRef);
--- a/src/catalog/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/catalog/src/lib.rs
@@ -17,79 +17,38 @@
 #![feature(try_blocks)]

 use std::any::Any;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
 use std::sync::Arc;

-use api::v1::meta::{RegionStat, TableIdent, TableName};
-use common_telemetry::{info, warn};
-use snafu::ResultExt;
-use table::engine::{EngineContext, TableEngineRef};
-use table::metadata::{TableId, TableType};
+use futures::future::BoxFuture;
+use table::metadata::TableId;
 use table::requests::CreateTableRequest;
 use table::TableRef;

-use crate::error::{CreateTableSnafu, Result};
+use crate::error::Result;

 pub mod error;
 pub mod information_schema;
-pub mod local;
+pub mod kvbackend;
+pub mod memory;
 mod metrics;
-pub mod remote;
-pub mod system;
 pub mod table_source;
-pub mod tables;

 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 pub trait CatalogManager: Send + Sync {
    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any;

-    /// Starts a catalog manager.
-    async fn start(&self) -> Result<()>;
-
-    /// Registers a catalog to catalog manager, returns whether the catalog exist before.
-    async fn register_catalog(self: Arc<Self>, name: String) -> Result<bool>;
-
-    /// Register a schema with catalog name and schema name. Retuens whether the
-    /// schema registered.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// This method will/should fail if catalog not exist
-    async fn register_schema(&self, request: RegisterSchemaRequest) -> Result<bool>;
-
-    /// Deregisters a database within given catalog/schema to catalog manager
-    async fn deregister_schema(&self, request: DeregisterSchemaRequest) -> Result<bool>;
-
-    /// Registers a table within given catalog/schema to catalog manager,
-    /// returns whether the table registered.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// This method will/should fail if catalog or schema not exist
-    async fn register_table(&self, request: RegisterTableRequest) -> Result<bool>;
-
-    /// Deregisters a table within given catalog/schema to catalog manager
-    async fn deregister_table(&self, request: DeregisterTableRequest) -> Result<()>;
-
-    /// Rename a table to [RenameTableRequest::new_table_name], returns whether the table is renamed.
-    async fn rename_table(&self, request: RenameTableRequest) -> Result<bool>;
-
-    /// Register a system table, should be called before starting the manager.
-    async fn register_system_table(&self, request: RegisterSystemTableRequest)
-        -> error::Result<()>;
-
    async fn catalog_names(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>>;

    async fn schema_names(&self, catalog: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>>;

    async fn table_names(&self, catalog: &str, schema: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>>;

-    async fn catalog_exist(&self, catalog: &str) -> Result<bool>;
+    async fn catalog_exists(&self, catalog: &str) -> Result<bool>;

-    async fn schema_exist(&self, catalog: &str, schema: &str) -> Result<bool>;
+    async fn schema_exists(&self, catalog: &str, schema: &str) -> Result<bool>;

-    async fn table_exist(&self, catalog: &str, schema: &str, table: &str) -> Result<bool>;
+    async fn table_exists(&self, catalog: &str, schema: &str, table: &str) -> Result<bool>;

    /// Returns the table by catalog, schema and table name.
    async fn table(
@@ -103,7 +62,8 @@ pub trait CatalogManager: Send + Sync {
 pub type CatalogManagerRef = Arc<dyn CatalogManager>;

 /// Hook called after system table opening.
-pub type OpenSystemTableHook = Arc<dyn Fn(TableRef) -> Result<()> + Send + Sync>;
+pub type OpenSystemTableHook =
+    Box<dyn Fn(TableRef) -> BoxFuture<'static, Result<()>> + Send + Sync>;

 /// Register system table request:
 /// - When system table is already created and registered, the hook will be called
@@ -162,120 +122,3 @@ pub struct RegisterSchemaRequest {
    pub catalog: String,
    pub schema: String,
 }
-
-pub(crate) async fn handle_system_table_request<'a, M: CatalogManager>(
-    manager: &'a M,
-    engine: TableEngineRef,
-    sys_table_requests: &'a mut Vec<RegisterSystemTableRequest>,
-) -> Result<()> {
-    for req in sys_table_requests.drain(..) {
-        let catalog_name = &req.create_table_request.catalog_name;
-        let schema_name = &req.create_table_request.schema_name;
-        let table_name = &req.create_table_request.table_name;
-        let table_id = req.create_table_request.id;
-
-        let table = manager.table(catalog_name, schema_name, table_name).await?;
-        let table = if let Some(table) = table {
-            table
-        } else {
-            let table = engine
-                .create_table(&EngineContext::default(), req.create_table_request.clone())
-                .await
-                .with_context(|_| CreateTableSnafu {
-                    table_info: common_catalog::format_full_table_name(
-                        catalog_name,
-                        schema_name,
-                        table_name,
-                    ),
-                })?;
-            let _ = manager
-                .register_table(RegisterTableRequest {
-                    catalog: catalog_name.clone(),
-                    schema: schema_name.clone(),
-                    table_name: table_name.clone(),
-                    table_id,
-                    table: table.clone(),
-                })
-                .await?;
-            info!("Created and registered system table: {table_name}");
-            table
-        };
-        if let Some(hook) = req.open_hook {
-            (hook)(table)?;
-        }
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// The stat of regions in the datanode node.
-/// The number of regions can be got from len of vec.
-///
-/// Ignores any errors occurred during iterating regions. The intention of this method is to
-/// collect region stats that will be carried in Datanode's heartbeat to Metasrv, so it's a
-/// "try our best" job.
-pub async fn datanode_stat(catalog_manager: &CatalogManagerRef) -> (u64, Vec<RegionStat>) {
-    let mut region_number: u64 = 0;
-    let mut region_stats = Vec::new();
-
-    let Ok(catalog_names) = catalog_manager.catalog_names().await else {
-        return (region_number, region_stats);
-    };
-    for catalog_name in catalog_names {
-        let Ok(schema_names) = catalog_manager.schema_names(&catalog_name).await else {
-            continue;
-        };
-        for schema_name in schema_names {
-            let Ok(table_names) = catalog_manager
-                .table_names(&catalog_name, &schema_name)
-                .await
-            else {
-                continue;
-            };
-            for table_name in table_names {
-                let Ok(Some(table)) = catalog_manager
-                    .table(&catalog_name, &schema_name, &table_name)
-                    .await
-                else {
-                    continue;
-                };
-
-                if table.table_type() != TableType::Base {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                let table_info = table.table_info();
-                let region_numbers = &table_info.meta.region_numbers;
-                region_number += region_numbers.len() as u64;
-
-                let engine = &table_info.meta.engine;
-                let table_id = table_info.ident.table_id;
-
-                match table.region_stats() {
-                    Ok(stats) => {
-                        let stats = stats.into_iter().map(|stat| RegionStat {
-                            region_id: stat.region_id,
-                            table_ident: Some(TableIdent {
-                                table_id,
-                                table_name: Some(TableName {
-                                    catalog_name: catalog_name.clone(),
-                                    schema_name: schema_name.clone(),
-                                    table_name: table_name.clone(),
-                                }),
-                                engine: engine.clone(),
-                            }),
-                            approximate_bytes: stat.disk_usage_bytes as i64,
-                            attrs: HashMap::from([("engine_name".to_owned(), engine.clone())]),
-                            ..Default::default()
-                        });
-
-                        region_stats.extend(stats);
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => {
-                        warn!("Failed to get region status, err: {:?}", e);
-                    }
-                };
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    (region_number, region_stats)
-}
--- a/src/catalog/src/local/manager.rs
+++ b/src/catalog/src/local/manager.rs
@@ -1,633 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::any::Any;
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use common_catalog::consts::{
-    DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME, MIN_USER_TABLE_ID,
-    MITO_ENGINE, NUMBERS_TABLE_ID, SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME, SYSTEM_CATALOG_TABLE_ID,
-    SYSTEM_CATALOG_TABLE_NAME,
-};
-use common_catalog::format_full_table_name;
-use common_recordbatch::{RecordBatch, SendableRecordBatchStream};
-use common_telemetry::{error, info};
-use datatypes::prelude::ScalarVector;
-use datatypes::vectors::{BinaryVector, UInt8Vector};
-use futures_util::lock::Mutex;
-use metrics::increment_gauge;
-use snafu::{ensure, OptionExt, ResultExt};
-use table::engine::manager::TableEngineManagerRef;
-use table::engine::EngineContext;
-use table::metadata::TableId;
-use table::requests::OpenTableRequest;
-use table::table::numbers::{NumbersTable, NUMBERS_TABLE_NAME};
-use table::table::TableIdProvider;
-use table::TableRef;
-
-use crate::error::{
-    self, CatalogNotFoundSnafu, IllegalManagerStateSnafu, OpenTableSnafu, ReadSystemCatalogSnafu,
-    Result, SchemaExistsSnafu, SchemaNotFoundSnafu, SystemCatalogSnafu,
-    SystemCatalogTypeMismatchSnafu, TableEngineNotFoundSnafu, TableExistsSnafu, TableNotExistSnafu,
-    TableNotFoundSnafu, UnimplementedSnafu,
-};
-use crate::local::memory::MemoryCatalogManager;
-use crate::system::{
-    decode_system_catalog, Entry, SystemCatalogTable, TableEntry, ENTRY_TYPE_INDEX, KEY_INDEX,
-    VALUE_INDEX,
-};
-use crate::tables::SystemCatalog;
-use crate::{
-    handle_system_table_request, CatalogManager, DeregisterSchemaRequest, DeregisterTableRequest,
-    RegisterSchemaRequest, RegisterSystemTableRequest, RegisterTableRequest, RenameTableRequest,
-};
-
-/// A `CatalogManager` consists of a system catalog and a bunch of user catalogs.
-pub struct LocalCatalogManager {
-    system: Arc<SystemCatalog>,
-    catalogs: Arc<MemoryCatalogManager>,
-    engine_manager: TableEngineManagerRef,
-    next_table_id: AtomicU32,
-    init_lock: Mutex<bool>,
-    register_lock: Mutex<()>,
-    system_table_requests: Mutex<Vec<RegisterSystemTableRequest>>,
-}
-
-impl LocalCatalogManager {
-    /// Create a new [CatalogManager] with given user catalogs and mito engine
-    pub async fn try_new(engine_manager: TableEngineManagerRef) -> Result<Self> {
-        let engine = engine_manager
-            .engine(MITO_ENGINE)
-            .context(TableEngineNotFoundSnafu {
-                engine_name: MITO_ENGINE,
-            })?;
-        let table = SystemCatalogTable::new(engine.clone()).await?;
-        let memory_catalog_manager = crate::local::memory::new_memory_catalog_manager()?;
-        let system_catalog = Arc::new(SystemCatalog::new(table));
-        Ok(Self {
-            system: system_catalog,
-            catalogs: memory_catalog_manager,
-            engine_manager,
-            next_table_id: AtomicU32::new(MIN_USER_TABLE_ID),
-            init_lock: Mutex::new(false),
-            register_lock: Mutex::new(()),
-            system_table_requests: Mutex::new(Vec::default()),
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Scan all entries from system catalog table
-    pub async fn init(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        self.init_system_catalog().await?;
-        let system_records = self.system.information_schema.system.records().await?;
-        let entries = self.collect_system_catalog_entries(system_records).await?;
-        let max_table_id = self.handle_system_catalog_entries(entries).await?;
-
-        info!(
-            "All system catalog entries processed, max table id: {}",
-            max_table_id
-        );
-        self.next_table_id
-            .store((max_table_id + 1).max(MIN_USER_TABLE_ID), Ordering::Relaxed);
-        *self.init_lock.lock().await = true;
-
-        // Processing system table hooks
-        let mut sys_table_requests = self.system_table_requests.lock().await;
-        let engine = self
-            .engine_manager
-            .engine(MITO_ENGINE)
-            .context(TableEngineNotFoundSnafu {
-                engine_name: MITO_ENGINE,
-            })?;
-
-        handle_system_table_request(self, engine, &mut sys_table_requests).await?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn init_system_catalog(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        // register default catalog and default schema
-        self.catalogs
-            .register_catalog_sync(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string())?;
-        self.catalogs.register_schema_sync(RegisterSchemaRequest {
-            catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-            schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-        })?;
-
-        // register SystemCatalogTable
-        self.catalogs
-            .register_catalog_sync(SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME.to_string())?;
-        self.catalogs.register_schema_sync(RegisterSchemaRequest {
-            catalog: SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-            schema: INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-        })?;
-        let register_table_req = RegisterTableRequest {
-            catalog: SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-            schema: INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-            table_name: SYSTEM_CATALOG_TABLE_NAME.to_string(),
-            table_id: SYSTEM_CATALOG_TABLE_ID,
-            table: self.system.information_schema.system.as_table_ref(),
-        };
-        self.catalogs.register_table(register_table_req).await?;
-
-        // Add numbers table for test
-        let register_number_table_req = RegisterTableRequest {
-            catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-            schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-            table_name: NUMBERS_TABLE_NAME.to_string(),
-            table_id: NUMBERS_TABLE_ID,
-            table: NumbersTable::table(NUMBERS_TABLE_ID),
-        };
-
-        self.catalogs
-            .register_table(register_number_table_req)
-            .await?;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Collect stream of system catalog entries to `Vec<Entry>`
-    async fn collect_system_catalog_entries(
-        &self,
-        stream: SendableRecordBatchStream,
-    ) -> Result<Vec<Entry>> {
-        let record_batch = common_recordbatch::util::collect(stream)
-            .await
-            .context(ReadSystemCatalogSnafu)?;
-        let rbs = record_batch
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(Self::record_batch_to_entry)
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
-        Ok(rbs.into_iter().flat_map(Vec::into_iter).collect::<_>())
-    }
-
-    /// Convert `RecordBatch` to a vector of `Entry`.
-    fn record_batch_to_entry(rb: RecordBatch) -> Result<Vec<Entry>> {
-        ensure!(
-            rb.num_columns() >= 6,
-            SystemCatalogSnafu {
-                msg: format!("Length mismatch: {}", rb.num_columns())
-            }
-        );
-
-        let entry_type = rb
-            .column(ENTRY_TYPE_INDEX)
-            .as_any()
-            .downcast_ref::<UInt8Vector>()
-            .with_context(|| SystemCatalogTypeMismatchSnafu {
-                data_type: rb.column(ENTRY_TYPE_INDEX).data_type(),
-            })?;
-
-        let key = rb
-            .column(KEY_INDEX)
-            .as_any()
-            .downcast_ref::<BinaryVector>()
-            .with_context(|| SystemCatalogTypeMismatchSnafu {
-                data_type: rb.column(KEY_INDEX).data_type(),
-            })?;
-
-        let value = rb
-            .column(VALUE_INDEX)
-            .as_any()
-            .downcast_ref::<BinaryVector>()
-            .with_context(|| SystemCatalogTypeMismatchSnafu {
-                data_type: rb.column(VALUE_INDEX).data_type(),
-            })?;
-
-        let mut res = Vec::with_capacity(rb.num_rows());
-        for ((t, k), v) in entry_type
-            .iter_data()
-            .zip(key.iter_data())
-            .zip(value.iter_data())
-        {
-            let entry = decode_system_catalog(t, k, v)?;
-            res.push(entry);
-        }
-        Ok(res)
-    }
-
-    /// Processes records from system catalog table and returns the max table id persisted
-    /// in system catalog table.
-    async fn handle_system_catalog_entries(&self, entries: Vec<Entry>) -> Result<TableId> {
-        let entries = Self::sort_entries(entries);
-        let mut max_table_id = 0;
-        for entry in entries {
-            match entry {
-                Entry::Catalog(c) => {
-                    self.catalogs
-                        .register_catalog_sync(c.catalog_name.clone())?;
-                    info!("Register catalog: {}", c.catalog_name);
-                }
-                Entry::Schema(s) => {
-                    let req = RegisterSchemaRequest {
-                        catalog: s.catalog_name.clone(),
-                        schema: s.schema_name.clone(),
-                    };
-                    let _ = self.catalogs.register_schema_sync(req)?;
-                    info!("Registered schema: {:?}", s);
-                }
-                Entry::Table(t) => {
-                    max_table_id = max_table_id.max(t.table_id);
-                    if t.is_deleted {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    self.open_and_register_table(&t).await?;
-                    info!("Registered table: {:?}", t);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(max_table_id)
-    }
-
-    /// Sort catalog entries to ensure catalog entries comes first, then schema entries,
-    /// and table entries is the last.
-    fn sort_entries(mut entries: Vec<Entry>) -> Vec<Entry> {
-        entries.sort();
-        entries
-    }
-
-    async fn open_and_register_table(&self, t: &TableEntry) -> Result<()> {
-        self.check_catalog_schema_exist(&t.catalog_name, &t.schema_name)
-            .await?;
-
-        let context = EngineContext {};
-        let open_request = OpenTableRequest {
-            catalog_name: t.catalog_name.clone(),
-            schema_name: t.schema_name.clone(),
-            table_name: t.table_name.clone(),
-            table_id: t.table_id,
-            region_numbers: vec![0],
-        };
-        let engine = self
-            .engine_manager
-            .engine(&t.engine)
-            .context(TableEngineNotFoundSnafu {
-                engine_name: &t.engine,
-            })?;
-
-        let table_ref = engine
-            .open_table(&context, open_request)
-            .await
-            .with_context(|_| OpenTableSnafu {
-                table_info: format!(
-                    "{}.{}.{}, id: {}",
-                    &t.catalog_name, &t.schema_name, &t.table_name, t.table_id
-                ),
-            })?
-            .with_context(|| TableNotFoundSnafu {
-                table_info: format!(
-                    "{}.{}.{}, id: {}",
-                    &t.catalog_name, &t.schema_name, &t.table_name, t.table_id
-                ),
-            })?;
-
-        let register_request = RegisterTableRequest {
-            catalog: t.catalog_name.clone(),
-            schema: t.schema_name.clone(),
-            table_name: t.table_name.clone(),
-            table_id: t.table_id,
-            table: table_ref,
-        };
-        let _ = self.catalogs.register_table(register_request).await?;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn check_state(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        let started = self.init_lock.lock().await;
-        ensure!(
-            *started,
-            IllegalManagerStateSnafu {
-                msg: "Catalog manager not started",
-            }
-        );
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn check_catalog_schema_exist(
-        &self,
-        catalog_name: &str,
-        schema_name: &str,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        if !self.catalogs.catalog_exist(catalog_name).await? {
-            return CatalogNotFoundSnafu { catalog_name }.fail()?;
-        }
-        if !self
-            .catalogs
-            .schema_exist(catalog_name, schema_name)
-            .await?
-        {
-            return SchemaNotFoundSnafu {
-                catalog: catalog_name,
-                schema: schema_name,
-            }
-            .fail()?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl TableIdProvider for LocalCatalogManager {
-    async fn next_table_id(&self) -> table::Result<TableId> {
-        Ok(self.next_table_id.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed))
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl CatalogManager for LocalCatalogManager {
-    /// Start [LocalCatalogManager] to load all information from system catalog table.
-    /// Make sure table engine is initialized before starting [MemoryCatalogManager].
-    async fn start(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        self.init().await
-    }
-
-    async fn register_table(&self, request: RegisterTableRequest) -> Result<bool> {
-        self.check_state().await?;
-
-        let catalog_name = request.catalog.clone();
-        let schema_name = request.schema.clone();
-
-        self.check_catalog_schema_exist(&catalog_name, &schema_name)
-            .await?;
-
-        {
-            let _lock = self.register_lock.lock().await;
-            if let Some(existing) = self
-                .catalogs
-                .table(&request.catalog, &request.schema, &request.table_name)
-                .await?
-            {
-                if existing.table_info().ident.table_id != request.table_id {
-                    error!(
-                        "Unexpected table register request: {:?}, existing: {:?}",
-                        request,
-                        existing.table_info()
-                    );
-                    return TableExistsSnafu {
-                        table: format_full_table_name(
-                            &catalog_name,
-                            &schema_name,
-                            &request.table_name,
-                        ),
-                    }
-                    .fail();
-                }
-                // Try to register table with same table id, just ignore.
-                Ok(false)
-            } else {
-                // table does not exist
-                let engine = request.table.table_info().meta.engine.to_string();
-                let table_name = request.table_name.clone();
-                let table_id = request.table_id;
-                let _ = self.catalogs.register_table(request).await?;
-                let _ = self
-                    .system
-                    .register_table(
-                        catalog_name.clone(),
-                        schema_name.clone(),
-                        table_name,
-                        table_id,
-                        engine,
-                    )
-                    .await?;
-                increment_gauge!(
-                    crate::metrics::METRIC_CATALOG_MANAGER_TABLE_COUNT,
-                    1.0,
-                    &[crate::metrics::db_label(&catalog_name, &schema_name)],
-                );
-                Ok(true)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn rename_table(&self, request: RenameTableRequest) -> Result<bool> {
-        self.check_state().await?;
-
-        let catalog_name = &request.catalog;
-        let schema_name = &request.schema;
-
-        self.check_catalog_schema_exist(catalog_name, schema_name)
-            .await?;
-        ensure!(
-            self.catalogs
-                .table(catalog_name, schema_name, &request.new_table_name)
-                .await?
-                .is_none(),
-            TableExistsSnafu {
-                table: &request.new_table_name
-            }
-        );
-
-        let _lock = self.register_lock.lock().await;
-        let old_table = self
-            .catalogs
-            .table(catalog_name, schema_name, &request.table_name)
-            .await?
-            .context(TableNotExistSnafu {
-                table: &request.table_name,
-            })?;
-
-        let engine = old_table.table_info().meta.engine.to_string();
-        // rename table in system catalog
-        let _ = self
-            .system
-            .register_table(
-                catalog_name.clone(),
-                schema_name.clone(),
-                request.new_table_name.clone(),
-                request.table_id,
-                engine,
-            )
-            .await?;
-
-        self.catalogs.rename_table(request).await
-    }
-
-    async fn deregister_table(&self, request: DeregisterTableRequest) -> Result<()> {
-        self.check_state().await?;
-
-        {
-            let _ = self.register_lock.lock().await;
-
-            let DeregisterTableRequest {
-                catalog,
-                schema,
-                table_name,
-            } = &request;
-            let table_id = self
-                .catalogs
-                .table(catalog, schema, table_name)
-                .await?
-                .with_context(|| error::TableNotExistSnafu {
-                    table: format_full_table_name(catalog, schema, table_name),
-                })?
-                .table_info()
-                .ident
-                .table_id;
-
-            self.system.deregister_table(&request, table_id).await?;
-            self.catalogs.deregister_table(request).await
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn register_schema(&self, request: RegisterSchemaRequest) -> Result<bool> {
-        self.check_state().await?;
-
-        let catalog_name = &request.catalog;
-        let schema_name = &request.schema;
-
-        if !self.catalogs.catalog_exist(catalog_name).await? {
-            return CatalogNotFoundSnafu { catalog_name }.fail()?;
-        }
-
-        {
-            let _lock = self.register_lock.lock().await;
-            ensure!(
-                !self
-                    .catalogs
-                    .schema_exist(catalog_name, schema_name)
-                    .await?,
-                SchemaExistsSnafu {
-                    schema: schema_name,
-                }
-            );
-            let _ = self
-                .system
-                .register_schema(request.catalog.clone(), schema_name.clone())
-                .await?;
-            self.catalogs.register_schema_sync(request)
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn deregister_schema(&self, _request: DeregisterSchemaRequest) -> Result<bool> {
-        UnimplementedSnafu {
-            operation: "deregister schema",
-        }
-        .fail()
-    }
-
-    async fn register_system_table(&self, request: RegisterSystemTableRequest) -> Result<()> {
-        let catalog_name = request.create_table_request.catalog_name.clone();
-        let schema_name = request.create_table_request.schema_name.clone();
-
-        let mut sys_table_requests = self.system_table_requests.lock().await;
-        sys_table_requests.push(request);
-        increment_gauge!(
-            crate::metrics::METRIC_CATALOG_MANAGER_TABLE_COUNT,
-            1.0,
-            &[crate::metrics::db_label(&catalog_name, &schema_name)],
-        );
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn schema_exist(&self, catalog: &str, schema: &str) -> Result<bool> {
-        self.catalogs.schema_exist(catalog, schema).await
-    }
-
-    async fn table(
-        &self,
-        catalog_name: &str,
-        schema_name: &str,
-        table_name: &str,
-    ) -> Result<Option<TableRef>> {
-        self.catalogs
-            .table(catalog_name, schema_name, table_name)
-            .await
-    }
-
-    async fn catalog_exist(&self, catalog: &str) -> Result<bool> {
-        if catalog.eq_ignore_ascii_case(SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME) {
-            Ok(true)
-        } else {
-            self.catalogs.catalog_exist(catalog).await
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn table_exist(&self, catalog: &str, schema: &str, table: &str) -> Result<bool> {
-        self.catalogs.table_exist(catalog, schema, table).await
-    }
-
-    async fn catalog_names(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
-        self.catalogs.catalog_names().await
-    }
-
-    async fn schema_names(&self, catalog_name: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
-        self.catalogs.schema_names(catalog_name).await
-    }
-
-    async fn table_names(&self, catalog_name: &str, schema_name: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
-        self.catalogs.table_names(catalog_name, schema_name).await
-    }
-
-    async fn register_catalog(self: Arc<Self>, name: String) -> Result<bool> {
-        self.catalogs.clone().register_catalog(name).await
-    }
-
-    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
-        self
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use std::assert_matches::assert_matches;
-
-    use mito::engine::MITO_ENGINE;
-
-    use super::*;
-    use crate::system::{CatalogEntry, SchemaEntry};
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_sort_entry() {
-        let vec = vec![
-            Entry::Table(TableEntry {
-                catalog_name: "C1".to_string(),
-                schema_name: "S1".to_string(),
-                table_name: "T1".to_string(),
-                table_id: 1,
-                engine: MITO_ENGINE.to_string(),
-                is_deleted: false,
-            }),
-            Entry::Catalog(CatalogEntry {
-                catalog_name: "C2".to_string(),
-            }),
-            Entry::Schema(SchemaEntry {
-                catalog_name: "C1".to_string(),
-                schema_name: "S1".to_string(),
-            }),
-            Entry::Schema(SchemaEntry {
-                catalog_name: "C2".to_string(),
-                schema_name: "S2".to_string(),
-            }),
-            Entry::Catalog(CatalogEntry {
-                catalog_name: "".to_string(),
-            }),
-            Entry::Table(TableEntry {
-                catalog_name: "C1".to_string(),
-                schema_name: "S1".to_string(),
-                table_name: "T2".to_string(),
-                table_id: 2,
-                engine: MITO_ENGINE.to_string(),
-                is_deleted: false,
-            }),
-        ];
-        let res = LocalCatalogManager::sort_entries(vec);
-        assert_matches!(res[0], Entry::Catalog(..));
-        assert_matches!(res[1], Entry::Catalog(..));
-        assert_matches!(res[2], Entry::Schema(..));
-        assert_matches!(res[3], Entry::Schema(..));
-        assert_matches!(res[4], Entry::Table(..));
-        assert_matches!(res[5], Entry::Table(..));
-    }
-}
--- a/src/catalog/src/local/memory.rs
+++ b/src/catalog/src/local/memory.rs
@@ -1,630 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::any::Any;
-use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
-use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock, Weak};
-
-use common_catalog::consts::{
-    DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME, MIN_USER_TABLE_ID,
-};
-use metrics::{decrement_gauge, increment_gauge};
-use snafu::OptionExt;
-use table::metadata::TableId;
-use table::table::TableIdProvider;
-use table::TableRef;
-
-use crate::error::{
-    CatalogNotFoundSnafu, Result, SchemaNotFoundSnafu, TableExistsSnafu, TableNotFoundSnafu,
-};
-use crate::information_schema::InformationSchemaProvider;
-use crate::{
-    CatalogManager, DeregisterSchemaRequest, DeregisterTableRequest, RegisterSchemaRequest,
-    RegisterSystemTableRequest, RegisterTableRequest, RenameTableRequest,
-};
-
-type SchemaEntries = HashMap<String, HashMap<String, TableRef>>;
-
-/// Simple in-memory list of catalogs
-pub struct MemoryCatalogManager {
-    /// Collection of catalogs containing schemas and ultimately Tables
-    pub catalogs: RwLock<HashMap<String, SchemaEntries>>,
-    pub table_id: AtomicU32,
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl TableIdProvider for MemoryCatalogManager {
-    async fn next_table_id(&self) -> table::error::Result<TableId> {
-        Ok(self.table_id.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed))
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl CatalogManager for MemoryCatalogManager {
-    async fn start(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        self.table_id.store(MIN_USER_TABLE_ID, Ordering::Relaxed);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn register_table(&self, request: RegisterTableRequest) -> Result<bool> {
-        self.register_table_sync(request)
-    }
-
-    async fn rename_table(&self, request: RenameTableRequest) -> Result<bool> {
-        let mut catalogs = self.catalogs.write().unwrap();
-        let schema = catalogs
-            .get_mut(&request.catalog)
-            .with_context(|| CatalogNotFoundSnafu {
-                catalog_name: &request.catalog,
-            })?
-            .get_mut(&request.schema)
-            .with_context(|| SchemaNotFoundSnafu {
-                catalog: &request.catalog,
-                schema: &request.schema,
-            })?;
-
-        // check old and new table names
-        if !schema.contains_key(&request.table_name) {
-            return TableNotFoundSnafu {
-                table_info: request.table_name.to_string(),
-            }
-            .fail()?;
-        }
-        if schema.contains_key(&request.new_table_name) {
-            return TableExistsSnafu {
-                table: &request.new_table_name,
-            }
-            .fail();
-        }
-
-        let table = schema.remove(&request.table_name).unwrap();
-        let _ = schema.insert(request.new_table_name, table);
-
-        Ok(true)
-    }
-
-    async fn deregister_table(&self, request: DeregisterTableRequest) -> Result<()> {
-        self.deregister_table_sync(request)
-    }
-
-    async fn register_schema(&self, request: RegisterSchemaRequest) -> Result<bool> {
-        self.register_schema_sync(request)
-    }
-
-    async fn deregister_schema(&self, request: DeregisterSchemaRequest) -> Result<bool> {
-        let mut catalogs = self.catalogs.write().unwrap();
-        let schemas = catalogs
-            .get_mut(&request.catalog)
-            .with_context(|| CatalogNotFoundSnafu {
-                catalog_name: &request.catalog,
-            })?;
-        let table_count = schemas
-            .remove(&request.schema)
-            .with_context(|| SchemaNotFoundSnafu {
-                catalog: &request.catalog,
-                schema: &request.schema,
-            })?
-            .len();
-        decrement_gauge!(
-            crate::metrics::METRIC_CATALOG_MANAGER_TABLE_COUNT,
-            table_count as f64,
-            &[crate::metrics::db_label(&request.catalog, &request.schema)],
-        );
-
-        decrement_gauge!(
-            crate::metrics::METRIC_CATALOG_MANAGER_SCHEMA_COUNT,
-            1.0,
-            &[crate::metrics::db_label(&request.catalog, &request.schema)],
-        );
-        Ok(true)
-    }
-
-    async fn register_system_table(&self, _request: RegisterSystemTableRequest) -> Result<()> {
-        // TODO(ruihang): support register system table request
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn schema_exist(&self, catalog: &str, schema: &str) -> Result<bool> {
-        self.schema_exist_sync(catalog, schema)
-    }
-
-    async fn table(
-        &self,
-        catalog: &str,
-        schema: &str,
-        table_name: &str,
-    ) -> Result<Option<TableRef>> {
-        let result = try {
-            self.catalogs
-                .read()
-                .unwrap()
-                .get(catalog)?
-                .get(schema)?
-                .get(table_name)
-                .cloned()?
-        };
-        Ok(result)
-    }
-
-    async fn catalog_exist(&self, catalog: &str) -> Result<bool> {
-        self.catalog_exist_sync(catalog)
-    }
-
-    async fn table_exist(&self, catalog: &str, schema: &str, table: &str) -> Result<bool> {
-        let catalogs = self.catalogs.read().unwrap();
-        Ok(catalogs
-            .get(catalog)
-            .with_context(|| CatalogNotFoundSnafu {
-                catalog_name: catalog,
-            })?
-            .get(schema)
-            .with_context(|| SchemaNotFoundSnafu { catalog, schema })?
-            .contains_key(table))
-    }
-
-    async fn catalog_names(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
-        Ok(self.catalogs.read().unwrap().keys().cloned().collect())
-    }
-
-    async fn schema_names(&self, catalog_name: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
-        Ok(self
-            .catalogs
-            .read()
-            .unwrap()
-            .get(catalog_name)
-            .with_context(|| CatalogNotFoundSnafu { catalog_name })?
-            .keys()
-            .cloned()
-            .collect())
-    }
-
-    async fn table_names(&self, catalog_name: &str, schema_name: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
-        Ok(self
-            .catalogs
-            .read()
-            .unwrap()
-            .get(catalog_name)
-            .with_context(|| CatalogNotFoundSnafu { catalog_name })?
-            .get(schema_name)
-            .with_context(|| SchemaNotFoundSnafu {
-                catalog: catalog_name,
-                schema: schema_name,
-            })?
-            .keys()
-            .cloned()
-            .collect())
-    }
-
-    async fn register_catalog(self: Arc<Self>, name: String) -> Result<bool> {
-        self.register_catalog_sync(name)
-    }
-
-    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
-        self
-    }
-}
-
-impl MemoryCatalogManager {
-    /// Creates a manager with some default setups
-    /// (e.g. default catalog/schema and information schema)
-    pub fn with_default_setup() -> Arc<Self> {
-        let manager = Arc::new(Self {
-            table_id: AtomicU32::new(MIN_USER_TABLE_ID),
-            catalogs: Default::default(),
-        });
-
-        // Safety: default catalog/schema is registered in order so no CatalogNotFound error will occur
-        manager
-            .register_catalog_sync(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string())
-            .unwrap();
-        manager
-            .register_schema_sync(RegisterSchemaRequest {
-                catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-                schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-            })
-            .unwrap();
-
-        manager
-    }
-
-    fn schema_exist_sync(&self, catalog: &str, schema: &str) -> Result<bool> {
-        Ok(self
-            .catalogs
-            .read()
-            .unwrap()
-            .get(catalog)
-            .with_context(|| CatalogNotFoundSnafu {
-                catalog_name: catalog,
-            })?
-            .contains_key(schema))
-    }
-
-    fn catalog_exist_sync(&self, catalog: &str) -> Result<bool> {
-        Ok(self.catalogs.read().unwrap().get(catalog).is_some())
-    }
-
-    /// Registers a catalog if it does not exist and returns false if the schema exists.
-    pub fn register_catalog_sync(self: &Arc<Self>, name: String) -> Result<bool> {
-        let mut catalogs = self.catalogs.write().unwrap();
-
-        match catalogs.entry(name.clone()) {
-            Entry::Vacant(e) => {
-                let catalog = self.create_catalog_entry(name);
-                e.insert(catalog);
-                increment_gauge!(crate::metrics::METRIC_CATALOG_MANAGER_CATALOG_COUNT, 1.0);
-                Ok(true)
-            }
-            Entry::Occupied(_) => Ok(false),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn deregister_table_sync(&self, request: DeregisterTableRequest) -> Result<()> {
-        let mut catalogs = self.catalogs.write().unwrap();
-        let schema = catalogs
-            .get_mut(&request.catalog)
-            .with_context(|| CatalogNotFoundSnafu {
-                catalog_name: &request.catalog,
-            })?
-            .get_mut(&request.schema)
-            .with_context(|| SchemaNotFoundSnafu {
-                catalog: &request.catalog,
-                schema: &request.schema,
-            })?;
-        let result = schema.remove(&request.table_name);
-        if result.is_some() {
-            decrement_gauge!(
-                crate::metrics::METRIC_CATALOG_MANAGER_TABLE_COUNT,
-                1.0,
-                &[crate::metrics::db_label(&request.catalog, &request.schema)],
-            );
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Registers a schema if it does not exist.
-    /// It returns an error if the catalog does not exist,
-    /// and returns false if the schema exists.
-    pub fn register_schema_sync(&self, request: RegisterSchemaRequest) -> Result<bool> {
-        let mut catalogs = self.catalogs.write().unwrap();
-        let catalog = catalogs
-            .get_mut(&request.catalog)
-            .with_context(|| CatalogNotFoundSnafu {
-                catalog_name: &request.catalog,
-            })?;
-
-        match catalog.entry(request.schema) {
-            Entry::Vacant(e) => {
-                e.insert(HashMap::new());
-                increment_gauge!(crate::metrics::METRIC_CATALOG_MANAGER_SCHEMA_COUNT, 1.0);
-                Ok(true)
-            }
-            Entry::Occupied(_) => Ok(false),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Registers a schema and returns an error if the catalog or schema does not exist.
-    pub fn register_table_sync(&self, request: RegisterTableRequest) -> Result<bool> {
-        let mut catalogs = self.catalogs.write().unwrap();
-        let schema = catalogs
-            .get_mut(&request.catalog)
-            .with_context(|| CatalogNotFoundSnafu {
-                catalog_name: &request.catalog,
-            })?
-            .get_mut(&request.schema)
-            .with_context(|| SchemaNotFoundSnafu {
-                catalog: &request.catalog,
-                schema: &request.schema,
-            })?;
-
-        if schema.contains_key(&request.table_name) {
-            return TableExistsSnafu {
-                table: &request.table_name,
-            }
-            .fail();
-        }
-        schema.insert(request.table_name, request.table);
-        increment_gauge!(
-            crate::metrics::METRIC_CATALOG_MANAGER_TABLE_COUNT,
-            1.0,
-            &[crate::metrics::db_label(&request.catalog, &request.schema)],
-        );
-        Ok(true)
-    }
-
-    fn create_catalog_entry(self: &Arc<Self>, catalog: String) -> SchemaEntries {
-        let information_schema = InformationSchemaProvider::build(
-            catalog,
-            Arc::downgrade(self) as Weak<dyn CatalogManager>,
-        );
-        let mut catalog = HashMap::new();
-        catalog.insert(INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(), information_schema);
-        catalog
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "testing"))]
-    pub fn new_with_table(table: TableRef) -> Arc<Self> {
-        let manager = Self::with_default_setup();
-        let catalog = &table.table_info().catalog_name;
-        let schema = &table.table_info().schema_name;
-
-        if !manager.catalog_exist_sync(catalog).unwrap() {
-            manager.register_catalog_sync(catalog.to_string()).unwrap();
-        }
-
-        if !manager.schema_exist_sync(catalog, schema).unwrap() {
-            manager
-                .register_schema_sync(RegisterSchemaRequest {
-                    catalog: catalog.to_string(),
-                    schema: schema.to_string(),
-                })
-                .unwrap();
-        }
-
-        let request = RegisterTableRequest {
-            catalog: catalog.to_string(),
-            schema: schema.to_string(),
-            table_name: table.table_info().name.clone(),
-            table_id: table.table_info().ident.table_id,
-            table,
-        };
-        let _ = manager.register_table_sync(request).unwrap();
-        manager
-    }
-}
-
-/// Create a memory catalog list contains a numbers table for test
-pub fn new_memory_catalog_manager() -> Result<Arc<MemoryCatalogManager>> {
-    Ok(MemoryCatalogManager::with_default_setup())
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use common_catalog::consts::*;
-    use common_error::ext::ErrorExt;
-    use common_error::status_code::StatusCode;
-    use table::table::numbers::{NumbersTable, NUMBERS_TABLE_NAME};
-
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_new_memory_catalog_list() {
-        let catalog_list = new_memory_catalog_manager().unwrap();
-
-        let register_request = RegisterTableRequest {
-            catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-            schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-            table_name: NUMBERS_TABLE_NAME.to_string(),
-            table_id: NUMBERS_TABLE_ID,
-            table: NumbersTable::table(NUMBERS_TABLE_ID),
-        };
-
-        let _ = catalog_list.register_table(register_request).await.unwrap();
-        let table = catalog_list
-            .table(
-                DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME,
-                DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME,
-                NUMBERS_TABLE_NAME,
-            )
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        let _ = table.unwrap();
-        assert!(catalog_list
-            .table(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, "not_exists")
-            .await
-            .unwrap()
-            .is_none());
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_mem_manager_rename_table() {
-        let catalog = MemoryCatalogManager::with_default_setup();
-        let table_name = "test_table";
-        assert!(!catalog
-            .table_exist(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, table_name)
-            .await
-            .unwrap());
-        // register test table
-        let table_id = 2333;
-        let register_request = RegisterTableRequest {
-            catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-            schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-            table_name: table_name.to_string(),
-            table_id,
-            table: NumbersTable::table(table_id),
-        };
-        assert!(catalog.register_table(register_request).await.unwrap());
-        assert!(catalog
-            .table_exist(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, table_name)
-            .await
-            .unwrap());
-
-        // rename test table
-        let new_table_name = "test_table_renamed";
-        let rename_request = RenameTableRequest {
-            catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-            schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-            table_name: table_name.to_string(),
-            new_table_name: new_table_name.to_string(),
-            table_id,
-        };
-        let _ = catalog.rename_table(rename_request).await.unwrap();
-
-        // test old table name not exist
-        assert!(!catalog
-            .table_exist(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, table_name)
-            .await
-            .unwrap());
-
-        // test new table name exists
-        assert!(catalog
-            .table_exist(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, new_table_name)
-            .await
-            .unwrap());
-        let registered_table = catalog
-            .table(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, new_table_name)
-            .await
-            .unwrap()
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(registered_table.table_info().ident.table_id, table_id);
-
-        let dup_register_request = RegisterTableRequest {
-            catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-            schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-            table_name: new_table_name.to_string(),
-            table_id: table_id + 1,
-            table: NumbersTable::table(table_id + 1),
-        };
-        let result = catalog.register_table(dup_register_request).await;
-        let err = result.err().unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(StatusCode::TableAlreadyExists, err.status_code());
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_catalog_rename_table() {
-        let catalog = MemoryCatalogManager::with_default_setup();
-        let table_name = "num";
-        let table_id = 2333;
-        let table = NumbersTable::table(table_id);
-
-        // register table
-        let register_table_req = RegisterTableRequest {
-            catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-            schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-            table_name: table_name.to_string(),
-            table_id,
-            table,
-        };
-        assert!(catalog.register_table(register_table_req).await.unwrap());
-        assert!(catalog
-            .table(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, table_name)
-            .await
-            .unwrap()
-            .is_some());
-
-        // rename table
-        let new_table_name = "numbers_new";
-        let rename_table_req = RenameTableRequest {
-            catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-            schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-            table_name: table_name.to_string(),
-            new_table_name: new_table_name.to_string(),
-            table_id,
-        };
-        assert!(catalog.rename_table(rename_table_req).await.unwrap());
-        assert!(catalog
-            .table(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, table_name)
-            .await
-            .unwrap()
-            .is_none());
-        assert!(catalog
-            .table(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, new_table_name)
-            .await
-            .unwrap()
-            .is_some());
-
-        let registered_table = catalog
-            .table(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, new_table_name)
-            .await
-            .unwrap()
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(registered_table.table_info().ident.table_id, table_id);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    pub fn test_register_catalog_sync() {
-        let list = MemoryCatalogManager::with_default_setup();
-        assert!(list
-            .register_catalog_sync("test_catalog".to_string())
-            .unwrap());
-        assert!(!list
-            .register_catalog_sync("test_catalog".to_string())
-            .unwrap());
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    pub async fn test_catalog_deregister_table() {
-        let catalog = MemoryCatalogManager::with_default_setup();
-        let table_name = "foo_table";
-
-        let register_table_req = RegisterTableRequest {
-            catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-            schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-            table_name: table_name.to_string(),
-            table_id: 2333,
-            table: NumbersTable::table(2333),
-        };
-        let _ = catalog.register_table(register_table_req).await.unwrap();
-        assert!(catalog
-            .table(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, table_name)
-            .await
-            .unwrap()
-            .is_some());
-
-        let deregister_table_req = DeregisterTableRequest {
-            catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-            schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-            table_name: table_name.to_string(),
-        };
-        catalog
-            .deregister_table(deregister_table_req)
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        assert!(catalog
-            .table(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, table_name)
-            .await
-            .unwrap()
-            .is_none());
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_catalog_deregister_schema() {
-        let catalog = MemoryCatalogManager::with_default_setup();
-
-        // Registers a catalog, a schema, and a table.
-        let catalog_name = "foo_catalog".to_string();
-        let schema_name = "foo_schema".to_string();
-        let table_name = "foo_table".to_string();
-        let schema = RegisterSchemaRequest {
-            catalog: catalog_name.clone(),
-            schema: schema_name.clone(),
-        };
-        let table = RegisterTableRequest {
-            catalog: catalog_name.clone(),
-            schema: schema_name.clone(),
-            table_name,
-            table_id: 0,
-            table: NumbersTable::table(0),
-        };
-        catalog
-            .clone()
-            .register_catalog(catalog_name.clone())
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        catalog.register_schema(schema).await.unwrap();
-        catalog.register_table(table).await.unwrap();
-
-        let request = DeregisterSchemaRequest {
-            catalog: catalog_name.clone(),
-            schema: schema_name.clone(),
-        };
-
-        assert!(catalog.deregister_schema(request).await.unwrap());
-        assert!(!catalog
-            .schema_exist(&catalog_name, &schema_name)
-            .await
-            .unwrap());
-    }
-}
--- a/src/catalog/src/memory.rs
+++ b/src/catalog/src/memory.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+pub mod manager;
+
+pub use manager::{new_memory_catalog_manager, MemoryCatalogManager};
--- a/src/catalog/src/memory/manager.rs
+++ b/src/catalog/src/memory/manager.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::any::Any;
+use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock, Weak};
+
+use common_catalog::build_db_string;
+use common_catalog::consts::{DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME};
+use snafu::OptionExt;
+use table::TableRef;
+
+use crate::error::{CatalogNotFoundSnafu, Result, SchemaNotFoundSnafu, TableExistsSnafu};
+use crate::information_schema::InformationSchemaProvider;
+use crate::{CatalogManager, DeregisterTableRequest, RegisterSchemaRequest, RegisterTableRequest};
+
+type SchemaEntries = HashMap<String, HashMap<String, TableRef>>;
+
+/// Simple in-memory list of catalogs
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct MemoryCatalogManager {
+    /// Collection of catalogs containing schemas and ultimately Tables
+    catalogs: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<String, SchemaEntries>>>,
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl CatalogManager for MemoryCatalogManager {
+    async fn schema_exists(&self, catalog: &str, schema: &str) -> Result<bool> {
+        self.schema_exist_sync(catalog, schema)
+    }
+
+    async fn table(
+        &self,
+        catalog: &str,
+        schema: &str,
+        table_name: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<TableRef>> {
+        let result = try {
+            self.catalogs
+                .read()
+                .unwrap()
+                .get(catalog)?
+                .get(schema)?
+                .get(table_name)
+                .cloned()?
+        };
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    async fn catalog_exists(&self, catalog: &str) -> Result<bool> {
+        self.catalog_exist_sync(catalog)
+    }
+
+    async fn table_exists(&self, catalog: &str, schema: &str, table: &str) -> Result<bool> {
+        let catalogs = self.catalogs.read().unwrap();
+        Ok(catalogs
+            .get(catalog)
+            .with_context(|| CatalogNotFoundSnafu {
+                catalog_name: catalog,
+            })?
+            .get(schema)
+            .with_context(|| SchemaNotFoundSnafu { catalog, schema })?
+            .contains_key(table))
+    }
+
+    async fn catalog_names(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+        Ok(self.catalogs.read().unwrap().keys().cloned().collect())
+    }
+
+    async fn schema_names(&self, catalog_name: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+        Ok(self
+            .catalogs
+            .read()
+            .unwrap()
+            .get(catalog_name)
+            .with_context(|| CatalogNotFoundSnafu { catalog_name })?
+            .keys()
+            .cloned()
+            .collect())
+    }
+
+    async fn table_names(&self, catalog_name: &str, schema_name: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+        Ok(self
+            .catalogs
+            .read()
+            .unwrap()
+            .get(catalog_name)
+            .with_context(|| CatalogNotFoundSnafu { catalog_name })?
+            .get(schema_name)
+            .with_context(|| SchemaNotFoundSnafu {
+                catalog: catalog_name,
+                schema: schema_name,
+            })?
+            .keys()
+            .cloned()
+            .collect())
+    }
+
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+impl MemoryCatalogManager {
+    pub fn new() -> Arc<Self> {
+        Arc::new(Self {
+            catalogs: Default::default(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a manager with some default setups
+    /// (e.g. default catalog/schema and information schema)
+    pub fn with_default_setup() -> Arc<Self> {
+        let manager = Arc::new(Self {
+            catalogs: Default::default(),
+        });
+
+        // Safety: default catalog/schema is registered in order so no CatalogNotFound error will occur
+        manager.register_catalog_sync(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME).unwrap();
+        manager
+            .register_schema_sync(RegisterSchemaRequest {
+                catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
+                schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
+            })
+            .unwrap();
+
+        manager
+    }
+
+    fn schema_exist_sync(&self, catalog: &str, schema: &str) -> Result<bool> {
+        Ok(self
+            .catalogs
+            .read()
+            .unwrap()
+            .get(catalog)
+            .with_context(|| CatalogNotFoundSnafu {
+                catalog_name: catalog,
+            })?
+            .contains_key(schema))
+    }
+
+    fn catalog_exist_sync(&self, catalog: &str) -> Result<bool> {
+        Ok(self.catalogs.read().unwrap().get(catalog).is_some())
+    }
+
+    /// Registers a catalog if it does not exist and returns false if the schema exists.
+    pub fn register_catalog_sync(&self, name: &str) -> Result<bool> {
+        let name = name.to_string();
+
+        let mut catalogs = self.catalogs.write().unwrap();
+
+        match catalogs.entry(name.clone()) {
+            Entry::Vacant(e) => {
+                let arc_self = Arc::new(self.clone());
+                let catalog = arc_self.create_catalog_entry(name);
+                e.insert(catalog);
+                crate::metrics::METRIC_CATALOG_MANAGER_CATALOG_COUNT.inc();
+                Ok(true)
+            }
+            Entry::Occupied(_) => Ok(false),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn deregister_table_sync(&self, request: DeregisterTableRequest) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut catalogs = self.catalogs.write().unwrap();
+        let schema = catalogs
+            .get_mut(&request.catalog)
+            .with_context(|| CatalogNotFoundSnafu {
+                catalog_name: &request.catalog,
+            })?
+            .get_mut(&request.schema)
+            .with_context(|| SchemaNotFoundSnafu {
+                catalog: &request.catalog,
+                schema: &request.schema,
+            })?;
+        let result = schema.remove(&request.table_name);
+        if result.is_some() {
+            crate::metrics::METRIC_CATALOG_MANAGER_TABLE_COUNT
+                .with_label_values(&[build_db_string(&request.catalog, &request.schema).as_str()])
+                .dec();
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Registers a schema if it does not exist.
+    /// It returns an error if the catalog does not exist,
+    /// and returns false if the schema exists.
+    pub fn register_schema_sync(&self, request: RegisterSchemaRequest) -> Result<bool> {
+        let mut catalogs = self.catalogs.write().unwrap();
+        let catalog = catalogs
+            .get_mut(&request.catalog)
+            .with_context(|| CatalogNotFoundSnafu {
+                catalog_name: &request.catalog,
+            })?;
+
+        match catalog.entry(request.schema) {
+            Entry::Vacant(e) => {
+                e.insert(HashMap::new());
+                crate::metrics::METRIC_CATALOG_MANAGER_SCHEMA_COUNT.inc();
+                Ok(true)
+            }
+            Entry::Occupied(_) => Ok(false),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Registers a schema and returns an error if the catalog or schema does not exist.
+    pub fn register_table_sync(&self, request: RegisterTableRequest) -> Result<bool> {
+        let mut catalogs = self.catalogs.write().unwrap();
+        let schema = catalogs
+            .get_mut(&request.catalog)
+            .with_context(|| CatalogNotFoundSnafu {
+                catalog_name: &request.catalog,
+            })?
+            .get_mut(&request.schema)
+            .with_context(|| SchemaNotFoundSnafu {
+                catalog: &request.catalog,
+                schema: &request.schema,
+            })?;
+
+        if schema.contains_key(&request.table_name) {
+            return TableExistsSnafu {
+                table: &request.table_name,
+            }
+            .fail();
+        }
+        schema.insert(request.table_name, request.table);
+        crate::metrics::METRIC_CATALOG_MANAGER_TABLE_COUNT
+            .with_label_values(&[build_db_string(&request.catalog, &request.schema).as_str()])
+            .inc();
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+
+    fn create_catalog_entry(self: &Arc<Self>, catalog: String) -> SchemaEntries {
+        let information_schema = InformationSchemaProvider::build(
+            catalog,
+            Arc::downgrade(self) as Weak<dyn CatalogManager>,
+        );
+        let mut catalog = HashMap::new();
+        catalog.insert(INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(), information_schema);
+        catalog
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "testing"))]
+    pub fn new_with_table(table: TableRef) -> Arc<Self> {
+        let manager = Self::with_default_setup();
+        let catalog = &table.table_info().catalog_name;
+        let schema = &table.table_info().schema_name;
+
+        if !manager.catalog_exist_sync(catalog).unwrap() {
+            manager.register_catalog_sync(catalog).unwrap();
+        }
+
+        if !manager.schema_exist_sync(catalog, schema).unwrap() {
+            manager
+                .register_schema_sync(RegisterSchemaRequest {
+                    catalog: catalog.to_string(),
+                    schema: schema.to_string(),
+                })
+                .unwrap();
+        }
+
+        let request = RegisterTableRequest {
+            catalog: catalog.to_string(),
+            schema: schema.to_string(),
+            table_name: table.table_info().name.clone(),
+            table_id: table.table_info().ident.table_id,
+            table,
+        };
+        let _ = manager.register_table_sync(request).unwrap();
+        manager
+    }
+}
+
+/// Create a memory catalog list contains a numbers table for test
+pub fn new_memory_catalog_manager() -> Result<Arc<MemoryCatalogManager>> {
+    Ok(MemoryCatalogManager::with_default_setup())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use common_catalog::consts::*;
+    use table::table::numbers::{NumbersTable, NUMBERS_TABLE_NAME};
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_new_memory_catalog_list() {
+        let catalog_list = new_memory_catalog_manager().unwrap();
+
+        let register_request = RegisterTableRequest {
+            catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
+            schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
+            table_name: NUMBERS_TABLE_NAME.to_string(),
+            table_id: NUMBERS_TABLE_ID,
+            table: NumbersTable::table(NUMBERS_TABLE_ID),
+        };
+
+        catalog_list.register_table_sync(register_request).unwrap();
+        let table = catalog_list
+            .table(
+                DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME,
+                DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME,
+                NUMBERS_TABLE_NAME,
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let _ = table.unwrap();
+        assert!(catalog_list
+            .table(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, "not_exists")
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    pub fn test_register_catalog_sync() {
+        let list = MemoryCatalogManager::with_default_setup();
+        assert!(list.register_catalog_sync("test_catalog").unwrap());
+        assert!(!list.register_catalog_sync("test_catalog").unwrap());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    pub async fn test_catalog_deregister_table() {
+        let catalog = MemoryCatalogManager::with_default_setup();
+        let table_name = "foo_table";
+
+        let register_table_req = RegisterTableRequest {
+            catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
+            schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
+            table_name: table_name.to_string(),
+            table_id: 2333,
+            table: NumbersTable::table(2333),
+        };
+        catalog.register_table_sync(register_table_req).unwrap();
+        assert!(catalog
+            .table(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, table_name)
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .is_some());
+
+        let deregister_table_req = DeregisterTableRequest {
+            catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
+            schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
+            table_name: table_name.to_string(),
+        };
+        catalog.deregister_table_sync(deregister_table_req).unwrap();
+        assert!(catalog
+            .table(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, table_name)
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .is_none());
+    }
+}
--- a/src/catalog/src/metrics.rs
+++ b/src/catalog/src/metrics.rs
@@ -12,18 +12,24 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

-use common_catalog::build_db_string;
-
 pub(crate) const METRIC_DB_LABEL: &str = "db";

-pub(crate) const METRIC_CATALOG_MANAGER_CATALOG_COUNT: &str = "catalog.catalog_count";
-pub(crate) const METRIC_CATALOG_MANAGER_SCHEMA_COUNT: &str = "catalog.schema_count";
-pub(crate) const METRIC_CATALOG_MANAGER_TABLE_COUNT: &str = "catalog.table_count";
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use prometheus::*;

-pub(crate) const METRIC_CATALOG_KV_REMOTE_GET: &str = "catalog.kv.get.remote";
-pub(crate) const METRIC_CATALOG_KV_GET: &str = "catalog.kv.get";
-
-#[inline]
-pub(crate) fn db_label(catalog: &str, schema: &str) -> (&'static str, String) {
-    (METRIC_DB_LABEL, build_db_string(catalog, schema))
+lazy_static! {
+    pub static ref METRIC_CATALOG_MANAGER_CATALOG_COUNT: IntGauge =
+        register_int_gauge!("catalog_catalog_count", "catalog catalog count").unwrap();
+    pub static ref METRIC_CATALOG_MANAGER_SCHEMA_COUNT: IntGauge =
+        register_int_gauge!("catalog_schema_count", "catalog schema count").unwrap();
+    pub static ref METRIC_CATALOG_MANAGER_TABLE_COUNT: IntGaugeVec = register_int_gauge_vec!(
+        "catalog_table_count",
+        "catalog table count",
+        &[METRIC_DB_LABEL]
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    pub static ref METRIC_CATALOG_KV_REMOTE_GET: Histogram =
+        register_histogram!("catalog_kv_get_remote", "catalog kv get remote").unwrap();
+    pub static ref METRIC_CATALOG_KV_GET: Histogram =
+        register_histogram!("catalog_kv_get", "catalog kv get").unwrap();
 }
--- a/src/catalog/src/remote/manager.rs
+++ b/src/catalog/src/remote/manager.rs
@@ -1,436 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::any::Any;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use async_trait::async_trait;
-use common_catalog::consts::MITO_ENGINE;
-use common_meta::ident::TableIdent;
-use common_meta::key::catalog_name::CatalogNameKey;
-use common_meta::key::datanode_table::DatanodeTableValue;
-use common_meta::key::schema_name::SchemaNameKey;
-use common_meta::key::TableMetadataManagerRef;
-use common_telemetry::{error, info, warn};
-use futures_util::TryStreamExt;
-use metrics::increment_gauge;
-use snafu::{ensure, OptionExt, ResultExt};
-use table::engine::manager::TableEngineManagerRef;
-use table::engine::EngineContext;
-use table::requests::OpenTableRequest;
-use table::TableRef;
-use tokio::sync::Mutex;
-
-use crate::error::{
-    OpenTableSnafu, ParallelOpenTableSnafu, Result, TableEngineNotFoundSnafu, TableExistsSnafu,
-    TableMetadataManagerSnafu, TableNotFoundSnafu, UnimplementedSnafu,
-};
-use crate::local::MemoryCatalogManager;
-use crate::remote::region_alive_keeper::RegionAliveKeepers;
-use crate::{
-    handle_system_table_request, CatalogManager, DeregisterSchemaRequest, DeregisterTableRequest,
-    RegisterSchemaRequest, RegisterSystemTableRequest, RegisterTableRequest, RenameTableRequest,
-};
-
-/// Catalog manager based on metasrv.
-pub struct RemoteCatalogManager {
-    node_id: u64,
-    engine_manager: TableEngineManagerRef,
-    system_table_requests: Mutex<Vec<RegisterSystemTableRequest>>,
-    region_alive_keepers: Arc<RegionAliveKeepers>,
-    memory_catalog_manager: Arc<MemoryCatalogManager>,
-    table_metadata_manager: TableMetadataManagerRef,
-}
-
-impl RemoteCatalogManager {
-    pub fn new(
-        engine_manager: TableEngineManagerRef,
-        node_id: u64,
-        region_alive_keepers: Arc<RegionAliveKeepers>,
-        table_metadata_manager: TableMetadataManagerRef,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            engine_manager,
-            node_id,
-            system_table_requests: Default::default(),
-            region_alive_keepers,
-            memory_catalog_manager: MemoryCatalogManager::with_default_setup(),
-            table_metadata_manager,
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn initiate_catalogs(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        let tables = self
-            .table_metadata_manager
-            .datanode_table_manager()
-            .tables(self.node_id)
-            .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
-            .await
-            .context(TableMetadataManagerSnafu)?;
-
-        let joins = tables
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|datanode_table_value| {
-                let engine_manager = self.engine_manager.clone();
-                let memory_catalog_manager = self.memory_catalog_manager.clone();
-                let table_metadata_manager = self.table_metadata_manager.clone();
-                let region_alive_keepers = self.region_alive_keepers.clone();
-                common_runtime::spawn_bg(async move {
-                    let table_id = datanode_table_value.table_id;
-                    if let Err(e) = open_and_register_table(
-                        engine_manager,
-                        datanode_table_value,
-                        memory_catalog_manager,
-                        table_metadata_manager,
-                        region_alive_keepers,
-                    )
-                    .await
-                    {
-                        // Note that we don't return error here if table opened failed. This is because
-                        // we don't want those broken tables to impede the startup of Datanode.
-                        // However, this could be changed in the future.
-                        error!(e; "Failed to open or register table, id = {table_id}")
-                    }
-                })
-            })
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-        let _ = futures::future::try_join_all(joins)
-            .await
-            .context(ParallelOpenTableSnafu)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-async fn open_and_register_table(
-    engine_manager: TableEngineManagerRef,
-    datanode_table_value: DatanodeTableValue,
-    memory_catalog_manager: Arc<MemoryCatalogManager>,
-    table_metadata_manager: TableMetadataManagerRef,
-    region_alive_keepers: Arc<RegionAliveKeepers>,
-) -> Result<()> {
-    let context = EngineContext {};
-
-    let table_id = datanode_table_value.table_id;
-    let region_numbers = datanode_table_value.regions;
-
-    let table_info_value = table_metadata_manager
-        .table_info_manager()
-        .get(table_id)
-        .await
-        .context(TableMetadataManagerSnafu)?
-        .context(TableNotFoundSnafu {
-            table_info: format!("table id: {table_id}"),
-        })?;
-    let table_info = &table_info_value.table_info;
-    let catalog_name = table_info.catalog_name.clone();
-    let schema_name = table_info.schema_name.clone();
-    let table_name = table_info.name.clone();
-
-    let request = OpenTableRequest {
-        catalog_name: catalog_name.clone(),
-        schema_name: schema_name.clone(),
-        table_name: table_name.clone(),
-        table_id,
-        region_numbers: region_numbers.clone(),
-    };
-    let engine =
-        engine_manager
-            .engine(&table_info.meta.engine)
-            .context(TableEngineNotFoundSnafu {
-                engine_name: &table_info.meta.engine,
-            })?;
-
-    let table_ident = TableIdent {
-        catalog: catalog_name,
-        schema: schema_name,
-        table: table_name,
-        table_id,
-        engine: table_info.meta.engine.clone(),
-    };
-
-    let table = engine
-        .open_table(&context, request)
-        .await
-        .with_context(|_| OpenTableSnafu {
-            table_info: table_ident.to_string(),
-        })?
-        .with_context(|| TableNotFoundSnafu {
-            table_info: table_ident.to_string(),
-        })?;
-    info!("Successfully opened table, {table_ident}");
-
-    if !memory_catalog_manager
-        .catalog_exist(&table_ident.catalog)
-        .await?
-    {
-        memory_catalog_manager.register_catalog_sync(table_ident.catalog.clone())?;
-    }
-
-    if !memory_catalog_manager
-        .schema_exist(&table_ident.catalog, &table_ident.schema)
-        .await?
-    {
-        memory_catalog_manager.register_schema_sync(RegisterSchemaRequest {
-            catalog: table_ident.catalog.clone(),
-            schema: table_ident.schema.clone(),
-        })?;
-    }
-
-    let request = RegisterTableRequest {
-        catalog: table_ident.catalog.clone(),
-        schema: table_ident.schema.clone(),
-        table_name: table_ident.table.clone(),
-        table_id,
-        table,
-    };
-    let registered =
-        register_table(&memory_catalog_manager, &region_alive_keepers, request).await?;
-    ensure!(
-        registered,
-        TableExistsSnafu {
-            table: table_ident.to_string(),
-        }
-    );
-    info!("Successfully registered table, {table_ident}");
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-async fn register_table(
-    memory_catalog_manager: &Arc<MemoryCatalogManager>,
-    region_alive_keepers: &Arc<RegionAliveKeepers>,
-    request: RegisterTableRequest,
-) -> Result<bool> {
-    let table = request.table.clone();
-
-    let registered = memory_catalog_manager.register_table_sync(request)?;
-
-    if registered {
-        let table_info = table.table_info();
-        let table_ident = TableIdent {
-            catalog: table_info.catalog_name.clone(),
-            schema: table_info.schema_name.clone(),
-            table: table_info.name.clone(),
-            table_id: table_info.table_id(),
-            engine: table_info.meta.engine.clone(),
-        };
-        region_alive_keepers
-            .register_table(table_ident, table, memory_catalog_manager.clone())
-            .await?;
-    }
-
-    Ok(registered)
-}
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl CatalogManager for RemoteCatalogManager {
-    async fn start(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        self.initiate_catalogs().await?;
-
-        let mut system_table_requests = self.system_table_requests.lock().await;
-        let engine = self
-            .engine_manager
-            .engine(MITO_ENGINE)
-            .context(TableEngineNotFoundSnafu {
-                engine_name: MITO_ENGINE,
-            })?;
-        handle_system_table_request(self, engine, &mut system_table_requests).await?;
-        info!("All system table opened");
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn register_table(&self, request: RegisterTableRequest) -> Result<bool> {
-        register_table(
-            &self.memory_catalog_manager,
-            &self.region_alive_keepers,
-            request,
-        )
-        .await
-    }
-
-    async fn deregister_table(&self, request: DeregisterTableRequest) -> Result<()> {
-        let Some(table) = self
-            .memory_catalog_manager
-            .table(&request.catalog, &request.schema, &request.table_name)
-            .await?
-        else {
-            return Ok(());
-        };
-
-        let table_info = table.table_info();
-        let table_ident = TableIdent {
-            catalog: request.catalog.clone(),
-            schema: request.schema.clone(),
-            table: request.table_name.clone(),
-            table_id: table_info.ident.table_id,
-            engine: table_info.meta.engine.clone(),
-        };
-        if let Some(keeper) = self
-            .region_alive_keepers
-            .deregister_table(&table_ident)
-            .await
-        {
-            warn!(
-                "Table {} is deregistered from region alive keepers",
-                keeper.table_ident(),
-            );
-        }
-
-        self.memory_catalog_manager.deregister_table(request).await
-    }
-
-    async fn register_schema(&self, request: RegisterSchemaRequest) -> Result<bool> {
-        self.memory_catalog_manager.register_schema_sync(request)
-    }
-
-    async fn deregister_schema(&self, _request: DeregisterSchemaRequest) -> Result<bool> {
-        UnimplementedSnafu {
-            operation: "deregister schema",
-        }
-        .fail()
-    }
-
-    async fn rename_table(&self, request: RenameTableRequest) -> Result<bool> {
-        self.memory_catalog_manager.rename_table(request).await
-    }
-
-    async fn register_system_table(&self, request: RegisterSystemTableRequest) -> Result<()> {
-        let catalog_name = request.create_table_request.catalog_name.clone();
-        let schema_name = request.create_table_request.schema_name.clone();
-
-        let mut requests = self.system_table_requests.lock().await;
-        requests.push(request);
-        increment_gauge!(
-            crate::metrics::METRIC_CATALOG_MANAGER_TABLE_COUNT,
-            1.0,
-            &[crate::metrics::db_label(&catalog_name, &schema_name)],
-        );
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn schema_exist(&self, catalog: &str, schema: &str) -> Result<bool> {
-        if !self.catalog_exist(catalog).await? {
-            return Ok(false);
-        }
-
-        if self
-            .memory_catalog_manager
-            .schema_exist(catalog, schema)
-            .await?
-        {
-            return Ok(true);
-        }
-
-        let remote_schema_exists = self
-            .table_metadata_manager
-            .schema_manager()
-            .exist(SchemaNameKey::new(catalog, schema))
-            .await
-            .context(TableMetadataManagerSnafu)?;
-        // Create schema locally if remote schema exists. Since local schema is managed by memory
-        // catalog manager, creating a local schema is relatively cheap (just a HashMap).
-        // Besides, if this method ("schema_exist) is called, it's very likely that someone wants to
-        // create a table in this schema. We should create the schema now.
-        if remote_schema_exists
-            && self
-                .memory_catalog_manager
-                .register_schema(RegisterSchemaRequest {
-                    catalog: catalog.to_string(),
-                    schema: schema.to_string(),
-                })
-                .await?
-        {
-            info!("register schema '{catalog}/{schema}' on demand");
-        }
-
-        Ok(remote_schema_exists)
-    }
-
-    async fn table(
-        &self,
-        catalog_name: &str,
-        schema_name: &str,
-        table_name: &str,
-    ) -> Result<Option<TableRef>> {
-        self.memory_catalog_manager
-            .table(catalog_name, schema_name, table_name)
-            .await
-    }
-
-    async fn catalog_exist(&self, catalog: &str) -> Result<bool> {
-        if self.memory_catalog_manager.catalog_exist(catalog).await? {
-            return Ok(true);
-        }
-
-        let key = CatalogNameKey::new(catalog);
-        let remote_catalog_exists = self
-            .table_metadata_manager
-            .catalog_manager()
-            .exist(key)
-            .await
-            .context(TableMetadataManagerSnafu)?;
-
-        // Create catalog locally if remote catalog exists. Since local catalog is managed by memory
-        // catalog manager, creating a local catalog is relatively cheap (just a HashMap).
-        // Besides, if this method ("catalog_exist) is called, it's very likely that someone wants to
-        // create a table in this catalog. We should create the catalog now.
-        if remote_catalog_exists
-            && self
-                .memory_catalog_manager
-                .clone()
-                .register_catalog(catalog.to_string())
-                .await?
-        {
-            info!("register catalog '{catalog}' on demand");
-        }
-
-        Ok(remote_catalog_exists)
-    }
-
-    async fn table_exist(&self, catalog: &str, schema: &str, table: &str) -> Result<bool> {
-        if !self.catalog_exist(catalog).await? {
-            return Ok(false);
-        }
-
-        if !self.schema_exist(catalog, schema).await? {
-            return Ok(false);
-        }
-
-        self.memory_catalog_manager
-            .table_exist(catalog, schema, table)
-            .await
-    }
-
-    async fn catalog_names(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
-        self.memory_catalog_manager.catalog_names().await
-    }
-
-    async fn schema_names(&self, catalog_name: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
-        self.memory_catalog_manager.schema_names(catalog_name).await
-    }
-
-    async fn table_names(&self, catalog_name: &str, schema_name: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
-        self.memory_catalog_manager
-            .table_names(catalog_name, schema_name)
-            .await
-    }
-
-    async fn register_catalog(self: Arc<Self>, name: String) -> Result<bool> {
-        self.memory_catalog_manager.register_catalog_sync(name)
-    }
-
-    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
-        self
-    }
-}
--- a/src/catalog/src/remote/region_alive_keeper.rs
+++ b/src/catalog/src/remote/region_alive_keeper.rs
@@ -1,867 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::future::Future;
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use async_trait::async_trait;
-use common_meta::error::InvalidProtoMsgSnafu;
-use common_meta::heartbeat::handler::{
-    HandleControl, HeartbeatResponseHandler, HeartbeatResponseHandlerContext,
-};
-use common_meta::ident::TableIdent;
-use common_meta::RegionIdent;
-use common_telemetry::{debug, error, info, warn};
-use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
-use store_api::storage::RegionNumber;
-use table::engine::manager::TableEngineManagerRef;
-use table::engine::{CloseTableResult, EngineContext, TableEngineRef};
-use table::metadata::TableId;
-use table::requests::CloseTableRequest;
-use table::TableRef;
-use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot, Mutex};
-use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
-use tokio::time::{Duration, Instant};
-
-use crate::error::{Result, TableEngineNotFoundSnafu};
-use crate::local::MemoryCatalogManager;
-use crate::DeregisterTableRequest;
-
-/// [RegionAliveKeepers] manages all [RegionAliveKeeper] in a scope of tables.
-pub struct RegionAliveKeepers {
-    table_engine_manager: TableEngineManagerRef,
-    keepers: Arc<Mutex<HashMap<TableId, Arc<RegionAliveKeeper>>>>,
-    heartbeat_interval_millis: u64,
-    started: AtomicBool,
-
-    /// The epoch when [RegionAliveKeepers] is created. It's used to get a monotonically non-decreasing
-    /// elapsed time when submitting heartbeats to Metasrv (because [Instant] is monotonically
-    /// non-decreasing). The heartbeat request will carry the duration since this epoch, and the
-    /// duration acts like an "invariant point" for region's keep alive lease.
-    epoch: Instant,
-}
-
-impl RegionAliveKeepers {
-    pub fn new(
-        table_engine_manager: TableEngineManagerRef,
-        heartbeat_interval_millis: u64,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            table_engine_manager,
-            keepers: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new())),
-            heartbeat_interval_millis,
-            started: AtomicBool::new(false),
-            epoch: Instant::now(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub async fn find_keeper(&self, table_id: TableId) -> Option<Arc<RegionAliveKeeper>> {
-        self.keepers.lock().await.get(&table_id).cloned()
-    }
-
-    pub async fn register_table(
-        &self,
-        table_ident: TableIdent,
-        table: TableRef,
-        catalog_manager: Arc<MemoryCatalogManager>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let table_id = table_ident.table_id;
-        let keeper = self.find_keeper(table_id).await;
-        if keeper.is_some() {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-
-        let table_engine = self
-            .table_engine_manager
-            .engine(&table_ident.engine)
-            .context(TableEngineNotFoundSnafu {
-                engine_name: &table_ident.engine,
-            })?;
-
-        let keeper = Arc::new(RegionAliveKeeper::new(
-            table_engine,
-            catalog_manager,
-            table_ident.clone(),
-            self.heartbeat_interval_millis,
-        ));
-        for r in table.table_info().meta.region_numbers.iter() {
-            keeper.register_region(*r).await;
-        }
-
-        let mut keepers = self.keepers.lock().await;
-        let _ = keepers.insert(table_id, keeper.clone());
-
-        if self.started.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
-            keeper.start().await;
-
-            info!("RegionAliveKeeper for table {table_ident} is started!");
-        } else {
-            info!("RegionAliveKeeper for table {table_ident} is registered but not started yet!");
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub async fn deregister_table(
-        &self,
-        table_ident: &TableIdent,
-    ) -> Option<Arc<RegionAliveKeeper>> {
-        let table_id = table_ident.table_id;
-        self.keepers.lock().await.remove(&table_id).map(|x| {
-            info!("Deregister RegionAliveKeeper for table {table_ident}");
-            x
-        })
-    }
-
-    pub async fn register_region(&self, region_ident: &RegionIdent) {
-        let table_id = region_ident.table_ident.table_id;
-        let Some(keeper) = self.find_keeper(table_id).await else {
-            // Alive keeper could be affected by lagging msg, just warn and ignore.
-            warn!("Alive keeper for region {region_ident} is not found!");
-            return;
-        };
-        keeper.register_region(region_ident.region_number).await
-    }
-
-    pub async fn deregister_region(&self, region_ident: &RegionIdent) {
-        let table_id = region_ident.table_ident.table_id;
-        let Some(keeper) = self.find_keeper(table_id).await else {
-            // Alive keeper could be affected by lagging msg, just warn and ignore.
-            warn!("Alive keeper for region {region_ident} is not found!");
-            return;
-        };
-        let _ = keeper.deregister_region(region_ident.region_number).await;
-    }
-
-    pub async fn start(&self) {
-        let keepers = self.keepers.lock().await;
-        for keeper in keepers.values() {
-            keeper.start().await;
-        }
-        self.started.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-
-        info!(
-            "RegionAliveKeepers for tables {:?} are started!",
-            keepers.keys().map(|x| x.to_string()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-        );
-    }
-
-    pub fn epoch(&self) -> Instant {
-        self.epoch
-    }
-}
-
-#[async_trait]
-impl HeartbeatResponseHandler for RegionAliveKeepers {
-    fn is_acceptable(&self, ctx: &HeartbeatResponseHandlerContext) -> bool {
-        !ctx.response.region_leases.is_empty()
-    }
-
-    async fn handle(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut HeartbeatResponseHandlerContext,
-    ) -> common_meta::error::Result<HandleControl> {
-        let leases = ctx.response.region_leases.drain(..).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        for lease in leases {
-            let table_ident: TableIdent = match lease
-                .table_ident
-                .context(InvalidProtoMsgSnafu {
-                    err_msg: "'table_ident' is missing in RegionLease",
-                })
-                .and_then(|x| x.try_into())
-            {
-                Ok(x) => x,
-                Err(e) => {
-                    error!(e; "");
-                    continue;
-                }
-            };
-
-            let table_id = table_ident.table_id;
-            let Some(keeper) = self.keepers.lock().await.get(&table_id).cloned() else {
-                // Alive keeper could be affected by lagging msg, just warn and ignore.
-                warn!("Alive keeper for table {table_ident} is not found!");
-                continue;
-            };
-
-            let start_instant = self.epoch + Duration::from_millis(lease.duration_since_epoch);
-            let deadline = start_instant + Duration::from_secs(lease.lease_seconds);
-            keeper.keep_lived(lease.regions, deadline).await;
-        }
-        Ok(HandleControl::Continue)
-    }
-}
-
-/// [RegionAliveKeeper] starts a countdown for each region in a table. When deadline is reached,
-/// the region will be closed.
-/// The deadline is controlled by Metasrv. It works like "lease" for regions: a Datanode submits its
-/// opened regions to Metasrv, in heartbeats. If Metasrv decides some region could be resided in this
-/// Datanode, it will "extend" the region's "lease", with a deadline for [RegionAliveKeeper] to
-/// countdown.
-pub struct RegionAliveKeeper {
-    catalog_manager: Arc<MemoryCatalogManager>,
-    table_engine: TableEngineRef,
-    table_ident: TableIdent,
-    countdown_task_handles: Arc<Mutex<HashMap<RegionNumber, Arc<CountdownTaskHandle>>>>,
-    heartbeat_interval_millis: u64,
-    started: AtomicBool,
-}
-
-impl RegionAliveKeeper {
-    fn new(
-        table_engine: TableEngineRef,
-        catalog_manager: Arc<MemoryCatalogManager>,
-        table_ident: TableIdent,
-        heartbeat_interval_millis: u64,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            catalog_manager,
-            table_engine,
-            table_ident,
-            countdown_task_handles: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new())),
-            heartbeat_interval_millis,
-            started: AtomicBool::new(false),
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn find_handle(&self, region: &RegionNumber) -> Option<Arc<CountdownTaskHandle>> {
-        self.countdown_task_handles
-            .lock()
-            .await
-            .get(region)
-            .cloned()
-    }
-
-    async fn register_region(&self, region: RegionNumber) {
-        if self.find_handle(&region).await.is_some() {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        let countdown_task_handles = Arc::downgrade(&self.countdown_task_handles);
-        let on_task_finished = async move {
-            if let Some(x) = countdown_task_handles.upgrade() {
-                let _ = x.lock().await.remove(&region);
-            } // Else the countdown task handles map could be dropped because the keeper is dropped.
-        };
-        let catalog_manager = self.catalog_manager.clone();
-        let ident = self.table_ident.clone();
-        let handle = Arc::new(CountdownTaskHandle::new(
-            self.table_engine.clone(),
-            self.table_ident.clone(),
-            region,
-            move |result: Option<CloseTableResult>| {
-                if matches!(result, Some(CloseTableResult::Released(_))) {
-                    let result = catalog_manager.deregister_table_sync(DeregisterTableRequest {
-                        catalog: ident.catalog.to_string(),
-                        schema: ident.schema.to_string(),
-                        table_name: ident.table.to_string(),
-                    });
-
-                    info!(
-                        "Deregister table: {} after countdown task finished, result: {result:?}",
-                        ident.table_id
-                    );
-                } else {
-                    debug!("Countdown task returns: {result:?}");
-                }
-                on_task_finished
-            },
-        ));
-
-        let mut handles = self.countdown_task_handles.lock().await;
-        let _ = handles.insert(region, handle.clone());
-
-        if self.started.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
-            handle.start(self.heartbeat_interval_millis).await;
-
-            info!(
-                "Region alive countdown for region {region} in table {} is started!",
-                self.table_ident
-            );
-        } else {
-            info!(
-                "Region alive countdown for region {region} in table {} is registered but not started yet!",
-                self.table_ident
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn deregister_region(&self, region: RegionNumber) -> Option<Arc<CountdownTaskHandle>> {
-        self.countdown_task_handles
-            .lock()
-            .await
-            .remove(&region)
-            .map(|x| {
-                info!(
-                    "Deregister alive countdown for region {region} in table {}",
-                    self.table_ident
-                );
-                x
-            })
-    }
-
-    async fn start(&self) {
-        let handles = self.countdown_task_handles.lock().await;
-        for handle in handles.values() {
-            handle.start(self.heartbeat_interval_millis).await;
-        }
-
-        self.started.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-        info!(
-            "Region alive countdowns for regions {:?} in table {} are started!",
-            handles.keys().copied().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-            self.table_ident
-        );
-    }
-
-    async fn keep_lived(&self, designated_regions: Vec<RegionNumber>, deadline: Instant) {
-        for region in designated_regions {
-            if let Some(handle) = self.find_handle(&region).await {
-                handle.reset_deadline(deadline).await;
-            }
-            // Else the region alive keeper might be triggered by lagging messages, we can safely ignore it.
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub async fn deadline(&self, region: RegionNumber) -> Option<Instant> {
-        let mut deadline = None;
-        if let Some(handle) = self.find_handle(&region).await {
-            let (s, r) = oneshot::channel();
-            if handle.tx.send(CountdownCommand::Deadline(s)).await.is_ok() {
-                deadline = r.await.ok()
-            }
-        }
-        deadline
-    }
-
-    pub fn table_ident(&self) -> &TableIdent {
-        &self.table_ident
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-enum CountdownCommand {
-    Start(u64),
-    Reset(Instant),
-    Deadline(oneshot::Sender<Instant>),
-}
-
-struct CountdownTaskHandle {
-    tx: mpsc::Sender<CountdownCommand>,
-    handler: JoinHandle<()>,
-    table_ident: TableIdent,
-    region: RegionNumber,
-}
-
-impl CountdownTaskHandle {
-    /// Creates a new [CountdownTaskHandle] and starts the countdown task.
-    /// # Params
-    /// - `on_task_finished`: a callback to be invoked when the task is finished. Note that it will not
-    ///   be invoked if the task is cancelled (by dropping the handle). This is because we want something
-    ///   meaningful to be done when the task is finished, e.g. deregister the handle from the map.
-    ///   While dropping the handle does not necessarily mean the task is finished.
-    fn new<Fut>(
-        table_engine: TableEngineRef,
-        table_ident: TableIdent,
-        region: RegionNumber,
-        on_task_finished: impl FnOnce(Option<CloseTableResult>) -> Fut + Send + 'static,
-    ) -> Self
-    where
-        Fut: Future<Output = ()> + Send,
-    {
-        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(1024);
-
-        let mut countdown_task = CountdownTask {
-            table_engine,
-            table_ident: table_ident.clone(),
-            region,
-            rx,
-        };
-        let handler = common_runtime::spawn_bg(async move {
-            let result = countdown_task.run().await;
-            on_task_finished(result).await;
-        });
-
-        Self {
-            tx,
-            handler,
-            table_ident,
-            region,
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn start(&self, heartbeat_interval_millis: u64) {
-        if let Err(e) = self
-            .tx
-            .send(CountdownCommand::Start(heartbeat_interval_millis))
-            .await
-        {
-            warn!(
-                "Failed to start region alive keeper countdown: {e}. \
-                Maybe the task is stopped due to region been closed."
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn reset_deadline(&self, deadline: Instant) {
-        if let Err(e) = self.tx.send(CountdownCommand::Reset(deadline)).await {
-            warn!(
-                "Failed to reset region alive keeper deadline: {e}. \
-                Maybe the task is stopped due to region been closed."
-            );
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Drop for CountdownTaskHandle {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        debug!(
-            "Aborting region alive countdown task for region {} in table {}",
-            self.region, self.table_ident,
-        );
-        self.handler.abort();
-    }
-}
-
-struct CountdownTask {
-    table_engine: TableEngineRef,
-    table_ident: TableIdent,
-    region: RegionNumber,
-    rx: mpsc::Receiver<CountdownCommand>,
-}
-
-impl CountdownTask {
-    // returns true if
-    async fn run(&mut self) -> Option<CloseTableResult> {
-        // 30 years. See `Instant::far_future`.
-        let far_future = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(86400 * 365 * 30);
-
-        // Make sure the alive countdown is not gonna happen before heartbeat task is started (the
-        // "start countdown" command will be sent from heartbeat task).
-        let countdown = tokio::time::sleep_until(far_future);
-        tokio::pin!(countdown);
-
-        let region = &self.region;
-        let table_ident = &self.table_ident;
-        loop {
-            tokio::select! {
-                command = self.rx.recv() => {
-                    match command {
-                        Some(CountdownCommand::Start(heartbeat_interval_millis)) => {
-                            // Set first deadline in 4 heartbeats (roughly after 20 seconds from now if heartbeat
-                            // interval is set to default 5 seconds), to make Datanode and Metasrv more tolerable to
-                            // network or other jitters during startup.
-                            let first_deadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_millis(heartbeat_interval_millis) * 4;
-                            countdown.set(tokio::time::sleep_until(first_deadline));
-                        },
-                        Some(CountdownCommand::Reset(deadline)) => {
-                            if countdown.deadline() < deadline {
-                                debug!(
-                                    "Reset deadline of region {region} of table {table_ident} to approximately {} seconds later",
-                                    (deadline - Instant::now()).as_secs_f32(),
-                                );
-                                countdown.set(tokio::time::sleep_until(deadline));
-                            }
-                            // Else the countdown could be either:
-                            // - not started yet;
-                            // - during startup protection;
-                            // - received a lagging heartbeat message.
-                            // All can be safely ignored.
-                        },
-                        None => {
-                            info!(
-                                "The handle of countdown task for region {region} of table {table_ident} \
-                                is dropped, RegionAliveKeeper out."
-                            );
-                            break;
-                        },
-                        Some(CountdownCommand::Deadline(tx)) => {
-                            let _ = tx.send(countdown.deadline());
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                () = &mut countdown => {
-                    let result = self.close_region().await;
-                    warn!(
-                        "Region {region} of table {table_ident} is closed, result: {result:?}. \
-                        RegionAliveKeeper out.",
-                    );
-                    return Some(result);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        None
-    }
-
-    async fn close_region(&self) -> CloseTableResult {
-        let ctx = EngineContext::default();
-        let region = self.region;
-        let table_ident = &self.table_ident;
-        loop {
-            let request = CloseTableRequest {
-                catalog_name: table_ident.catalog.clone(),
-                schema_name: table_ident.schema.clone(),
-                table_name: table_ident.table.clone(),
-                table_id: table_ident.table_id,
-                region_numbers: vec![region],
-                flush: true,
-            };
-            match self.table_engine.close_table(&ctx, request).await {
-                Ok(result) => return result,
-                // If region is failed to close, immediately retry. Maybe we should panic instead?
-                Err(e) => error!(e;
-                    "Failed to close region {region} of table {table_ident}. \
-                    For the integrity of data, retry closing and retry without wait.",
-                ),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
-    use std::sync::Arc;
-
-    use api::v1::meta::{HeartbeatResponse, RegionLease};
-    use common_meta::heartbeat::mailbox::HeartbeatMailbox;
-    use datatypes::schema::RawSchema;
-    use table::engine::manager::MemoryTableEngineManager;
-    use table::engine::TableEngine;
-    use table::requests::{CreateTableRequest, TableOptions};
-    use table::test_util::EmptyTable;
-
-    use super::*;
-    use crate::remote::mock::MockTableEngine;
-
-    async fn prepare_keepers() -> (TableIdent, RegionAliveKeepers) {
-        let table_engine = Arc::new(MockTableEngine::default());
-        let table_engine_manager = Arc::new(MemoryTableEngineManager::new(table_engine));
-        let keepers = RegionAliveKeepers::new(table_engine_manager, 5000);
-
-        let catalog = "my_catalog";
-        let schema = "my_schema";
-        let table = "my_table";
-        let table_ident = TableIdent {
-            catalog: catalog.to_string(),
-            schema: schema.to_string(),
-            table: table.to_string(),
-            table_id: 1,
-            engine: "MockTableEngine".to_string(),
-        };
-        let table = Arc::new(EmptyTable::new(CreateTableRequest {
-            id: 1,
-            catalog_name: catalog.to_string(),
-            schema_name: schema.to_string(),
-            table_name: table.to_string(),
-            desc: None,
-            schema: RawSchema {
-                column_schemas: vec![],
-                timestamp_index: None,
-                version: 0,
-            },
-            region_numbers: vec![1, 2, 3],
-            primary_key_indices: vec![],
-            create_if_not_exists: false,
-            table_options: TableOptions::default(),
-            engine: "MockTableEngine".to_string(),
-        }));
-        let catalog_manager = MemoryCatalogManager::new_with_table(table.clone());
-        keepers
-            .register_table(table_ident.clone(), table, catalog_manager)
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        assert!(keepers
-            .keepers
-            .lock()
-            .await
-            .contains_key(&table_ident.table_id));
-
-        (table_ident, keepers)
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
-    async fn test_handle_heartbeat_response() {
-        let (table_ident, keepers) = prepare_keepers().await;
-
-        keepers.start().await;
-        let startup_protection_until = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(21);
-
-        let duration_since_epoch = (Instant::now() - keepers.epoch).as_millis() as _;
-        let lease_seconds = 100;
-        let response = HeartbeatResponse {
-            region_leases: vec![RegionLease {
-                table_ident: Some(table_ident.clone().into()),
-                regions: vec![1, 3], // Not extending region 2's lease time.
-                duration_since_epoch,
-                lease_seconds,
-            }],
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let keep_alive_until = keepers.epoch
-            + Duration::from_millis(duration_since_epoch)
-            + Duration::from_secs(lease_seconds);
-
-        let (tx, _) = mpsc::channel(8);
-        let mailbox = Arc::new(HeartbeatMailbox::new(tx));
-        let mut ctx = HeartbeatResponseHandlerContext::new(mailbox, response);
-
-        assert!(keepers.handle(&mut ctx).await.unwrap() == HandleControl::Continue);
-
-        // sleep to wait for background task spawned in `handle`
-        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
-
-        async fn test(
-            keeper: &Arc<RegionAliveKeeper>,
-            region_number: RegionNumber,
-            startup_protection_until: Instant,
-            keep_alive_until: Instant,
-            is_kept_live: bool,
-        ) {
-            let deadline = keeper.deadline(region_number).await.unwrap();
-            if is_kept_live {
-                assert!(deadline > startup_protection_until && deadline == keep_alive_until);
-            } else {
-                assert!(deadline <= startup_protection_until);
-            }
-        }
-
-        let keeper = &keepers
-            .keepers
-            .lock()
-            .await
-            .get(&table_ident.table_id)
-            .cloned()
-            .unwrap();
-
-        // Test region 1 and 3 is kept lived. Their deadlines are updated to desired instant.
-        test(keeper, 1, startup_protection_until, keep_alive_until, true).await;
-        test(keeper, 3, startup_protection_until, keep_alive_until, true).await;
-
-        // Test region 2 is not kept lived. It's deadline is not updated: still during startup protection period.
-        test(keeper, 2, startup_protection_until, keep_alive_until, false).await;
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
-    async fn test_region_alive_keepers() {
-        let (table_ident, keepers) = prepare_keepers().await;
-
-        keepers
-            .register_region(&RegionIdent {
-                cluster_id: 1,
-                datanode_id: 1,
-                table_ident: table_ident.clone(),
-                region_number: 4,
-            })
-            .await;
-
-        keepers.start().await;
-        for keeper in keepers.keepers.lock().await.values() {
-            let regions = {
-                let handles = keeper.countdown_task_handles.lock().await;
-                handles.keys().copied().collect::<Vec<_>>()
-            };
-            for region in regions {
-                // assert countdown tasks are started
-                let deadline = keeper.deadline(region).await.unwrap();
-                assert!(deadline <= Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(20));
-            }
-        }
-
-        keepers
-            .deregister_region(&RegionIdent {
-                cluster_id: 1,
-                datanode_id: 1,
-                table_ident: table_ident.clone(),
-                region_number: 1,
-            })
-            .await;
-        let mut regions = keepers
-            .find_keeper(table_ident.table_id)
-            .await
-            .unwrap()
-            .countdown_task_handles
-            .lock()
-            .await
-            .keys()
-            .copied()
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        regions.sort();
-        assert_eq!(regions, vec![2, 3, 4]);
-
-        let keeper = keepers.deregister_table(&table_ident).await.unwrap();
-        assert!(Arc::try_unwrap(keeper).is_ok(), "keeper is not dropped");
-        assert!(keepers.keepers.lock().await.is_empty());
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
-    async fn test_region_alive_keeper() {
-        let table_engine = Arc::new(MockTableEngine::default());
-        let table_ident = TableIdent {
-            catalog: "my_catalog".to_string(),
-            schema: "my_schema".to_string(),
-            table: "my_table".to_string(),
-            table_id: 1024,
-            engine: "mito".to_string(),
-        };
-        let catalog_manager = MemoryCatalogManager::with_default_setup();
-        let keeper = RegionAliveKeeper::new(table_engine, catalog_manager, table_ident, 1000);
-
-        let region = 1;
-        assert!(keeper.find_handle(&region).await.is_none());
-        keeper.register_region(region).await;
-        let _ = keeper.find_handle(&region).await.unwrap();
-
-        let ten_seconds_later = || Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(10);
-
-        keeper.keep_lived(vec![1, 2, 3], ten_seconds_later()).await;
-        assert!(keeper.find_handle(&2).await.is_none());
-        assert!(keeper.find_handle(&3).await.is_none());
-
-        let far_future = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(86400 * 365 * 29);
-        // assert if keeper is not started, keep_lived is of no use
-        assert!(keeper.deadline(region).await.unwrap() > far_future);
-
-        keeper.start().await;
-        keeper.keep_lived(vec![1, 2, 3], ten_seconds_later()).await;
-        // assert keep_lived works if keeper is started
-        assert!(keeper.deadline(region).await.unwrap() <= ten_seconds_later());
-
-        let handle = keeper.deregister_region(region).await.unwrap();
-        assert!(Arc::try_unwrap(handle).is_ok(), "handle is not dropped");
-        assert!(keeper.find_handle(&region).await.is_none());
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
-    async fn test_countdown_task_handle() {
-        let table_engine = Arc::new(MockTableEngine::default());
-        let table_ident = TableIdent {
-            catalog: "my_catalog".to_string(),
-            schema: "my_schema".to_string(),
-            table: "my_table".to_string(),
-            table_id: 1024,
-            engine: "mito".to_string(),
-        };
-        let finished = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
-        let finished_clone = finished.clone();
-        let handle = CountdownTaskHandle::new(
-            table_engine.clone(),
-            table_ident.clone(),
-            1,
-            |_| async move { finished_clone.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed) },
-        );
-        let tx = handle.tx.clone();
-
-        // assert countdown task is running
-        tx.send(CountdownCommand::Start(5000)).await.unwrap();
-        assert!(!finished.load(Ordering::Relaxed));
-
-        drop(handle);
-        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
-
-        // assert countdown task is stopped
-        assert!(tx
-            .try_send(CountdownCommand::Reset(
-                Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(10)
-            ))
-            .is_err());
-        // assert `on_task_finished` is not called (because the task is aborted by the handle's drop)
-        assert!(!finished.load(Ordering::Relaxed));
-
-        let finished = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
-        let finished_clone = finished.clone();
-        let handle = CountdownTaskHandle::new(table_engine, table_ident, 1, |_| async move {
-            finished_clone.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed)
-        });
-        handle.tx.send(CountdownCommand::Start(100)).await.unwrap();
-        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
-        // assert `on_task_finished` is called when task is finished normally
-        assert!(finished.load(Ordering::Relaxed));
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
-    async fn test_countdown_task_run() {
-        let ctx = &EngineContext::default();
-        let catalog = "my_catalog";
-        let schema = "my_schema";
-        let table = "my_table";
-        let table_id = 1;
-        let request = CreateTableRequest {
-            id: table_id,
-            catalog_name: catalog.to_string(),
-            schema_name: schema.to_string(),
-            table_name: table.to_string(),
-            desc: None,
-            schema: RawSchema {
-                column_schemas: vec![],
-                timestamp_index: None,
-                version: 0,
-            },
-            region_numbers: vec![],
-            primary_key_indices: vec![],
-            create_if_not_exists: false,
-            table_options: TableOptions::default(),
-            engine: "mito".to_string(),
-        };
-
-        let table_engine = Arc::new(MockTableEngine::default());
-        let _ = table_engine.create_table(ctx, request).await.unwrap();
-
-        let table_ident = TableIdent {
-            catalog: catalog.to_string(),
-            schema: schema.to_string(),
-            table: table.to_string(),
-            table_id,
-            engine: "mito".to_string(),
-        };
-        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);
-        let mut task = CountdownTask {
-            table_engine: table_engine.clone(),
-            table_ident,
-            region: 1,
-            rx,
-        };
-        let _handle = common_runtime::spawn_bg(async move {
-            task.run().await;
-        });
-
-        async fn deadline(tx: &mpsc::Sender<CountdownCommand>) -> Instant {
-            let (s, r) = oneshot::channel();
-            tx.send(CountdownCommand::Deadline(s)).await.unwrap();
-            r.await.unwrap()
-        }
-
-        // if countdown task is not started, its deadline is set to far future
-        assert!(deadline(&tx).await > Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(86400 * 365 * 29));
-
-        // start countdown in 250ms * 4 = 1s
-        tx.send(CountdownCommand::Start(250)).await.unwrap();
-        // assert deadline is correctly set
-        assert!(deadline(&tx).await <= Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(1));
-
-        // reset countdown in 1.5s
-        tx.send(CountdownCommand::Reset(
-            Instant::now() + Duration::from_millis(1500),
-        ))
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-
-        // assert the table is closed after deadline is reached
-        assert!(table_engine.table_exists(ctx, table_id));
-        // spare 500ms for the task to close the table
-        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(2000)).await;
-        assert!(!table_engine.table_exists(ctx, table_id));
-    }
-}
--- a/src/catalog/src/system.rs
+++ b/src/catalog/src/system.rs
@@ -1,634 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use common_catalog::consts::{
-    DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME, MITO_ENGINE,
-    SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME, SYSTEM_CATALOG_TABLE_ID, SYSTEM_CATALOG_TABLE_NAME,
-};
-use common_recordbatch::SendableRecordBatchStream;
-use common_telemetry::{debug, warn};
-use common_time::util;
-use datatypes::prelude::{ConcreteDataType, ScalarVector, VectorRef};
-use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, RawSchema};
-use datatypes::vectors::{BinaryVector, TimestampMillisecondVector, UInt8Vector};
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use snafu::{ensure, OptionExt, ResultExt};
-use store_api::storage::ScanRequest;
-use table::engine::{EngineContext, TableEngineRef};
-use table::metadata::TableId;
-use table::requests::{CreateTableRequest, InsertRequest, OpenTableRequest, TableOptions};
-use table::TableRef;
-
-use crate::error::{
-    self, CreateSystemCatalogSnafu, DeregisterTableSnafu, EmptyValueSnafu, Error,
-    InsertCatalogRecordSnafu, InvalidEntryTypeSnafu, InvalidKeySnafu, OpenSystemCatalogSnafu,
-    Result, ValueDeserializeSnafu,
-};
-use crate::DeregisterTableRequest;
-
-pub const ENTRY_TYPE_INDEX: usize = 0;
-pub const KEY_INDEX: usize = 1;
-pub const VALUE_INDEX: usize = 3;
-
-pub struct SystemCatalogTable(TableRef);
-
-impl SystemCatalogTable {
-    pub async fn new(engine: TableEngineRef) -> Result<Self> {
-        let request = OpenTableRequest {
-            catalog_name: SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-            schema_name: INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-            table_name: SYSTEM_CATALOG_TABLE_NAME.to_string(),
-            table_id: SYSTEM_CATALOG_TABLE_ID,
-            region_numbers: vec![0],
-        };
-        let schema = build_system_catalog_schema();
-        let ctx = EngineContext::default();
-
-        if let Some(table) = engine
-            .open_table(&ctx, request)
-            .await
-            .context(OpenSystemCatalogSnafu)?
-        {
-            Ok(Self(table))
-        } else {
-            // system catalog table is not yet created, try to create
-            let request = CreateTableRequest {
-                id: SYSTEM_CATALOG_TABLE_ID,
-                catalog_name: SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-                schema_name: INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-                table_name: SYSTEM_CATALOG_TABLE_NAME.to_string(),
-                desc: Some("System catalog table".to_string()),
-                schema,
-                region_numbers: vec![0],
-                primary_key_indices: vec![ENTRY_TYPE_INDEX, KEY_INDEX],
-                create_if_not_exists: true,
-                table_options: TableOptions::default(),
-                engine: engine.name().to_string(),
-            };
-
-            let table = engine
-                .create_table(&ctx, request)
-                .await
-                .context(CreateSystemCatalogSnafu)?;
-            Ok(Self(table))
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub async fn register_table(
-        &self,
-        catalog: String,
-        schema: String,
-        table_name: String,
-        table_id: TableId,
-        engine: String,
-    ) -> Result<usize> {
-        let insert_request =
-            build_table_insert_request(catalog, schema, table_name, table_id, engine);
-        self.0
-            .insert(insert_request)
-            .await
-            .context(InsertCatalogRecordSnafu)
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) async fn deregister_table(
-        &self,
-        request: &DeregisterTableRequest,
-        table_id: TableId,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let deletion_request = build_table_deletion_request(request, table_id);
-        self.0
-            .insert(deletion_request)
-            .await
-            .map(|x| {
-                if x != 1 {
-                    let table = common_catalog::format_full_table_name(
-                        &request.catalog,
-                        &request.schema,
-                        &request.table_name
-                    );
-                    warn!("Failed to delete table record from information_schema, unexpected returned result: {x}, table: {table}");
-                }
-            })
-            .with_context(|_| DeregisterTableSnafu {
-                request: request.clone(),
-            })
-    }
-
-    pub async fn register_schema(&self, catalog: String, schema: String) -> Result<usize> {
-        let insert_request = build_schema_insert_request(catalog, schema);
-        self.0
-            .insert(insert_request)
-            .await
-            .context(InsertCatalogRecordSnafu)
-    }
-
-    /// Create a stream of all entries inside system catalog table
-    pub async fn records(&self) -> Result<SendableRecordBatchStream> {
-        let full_projection = None;
-        let scan_req = ScanRequest {
-            sequence: None,
-            projection: full_projection,
-            filters: vec![],
-            output_ordering: None,
-            limit: None,
-        };
-        let stream = self
-            .0
-            .scan_to_stream(scan_req)
-            .await
-            .context(error::SystemCatalogTableScanSnafu)?;
-        Ok(stream)
-    }
-
-    pub fn as_table_ref(&self) -> TableRef {
-        self.0.clone()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Build system catalog table schema.
-/// A system catalog table consists of 6 columns, namely
-/// - entry_type: type of entry in current row, can be any variant of [EntryType].
-/// - key: a binary encoded key of entry, differs according to different entry type.
-/// - timestamp: currently not used.
-/// - value: JSON-encoded value of entry's metadata.
-/// - gmt_created: create time of this metadata.
-/// - gmt_modified: last updated time of this metadata.
-fn build_system_catalog_schema() -> RawSchema {
-    let cols = vec![
-        ColumnSchema::new(
-            "entry_type".to_string(),
-            ConcreteDataType::uint8_datatype(),
-            false,
-        ),
-        ColumnSchema::new(
-            "key".to_string(),
-            ConcreteDataType::binary_datatype(),
-            false,
-        ),
-        ColumnSchema::new(
-            "timestamp".to_string(),
-            ConcreteDataType::timestamp_millisecond_datatype(),
-            false,
-        )
-        .with_time_index(true),
-        ColumnSchema::new(
-            "value".to_string(),
-            ConcreteDataType::binary_datatype(),
-            false,
-        ),
-        ColumnSchema::new(
-            "gmt_created".to_string(),
-            ConcreteDataType::timestamp_millisecond_datatype(),
-            false,
-        ),
-        ColumnSchema::new(
-            "gmt_modified".to_string(),
-            ConcreteDataType::timestamp_millisecond_datatype(),
-            false,
-        ),
-    ];
-
-    RawSchema::new(cols)
-}
-
-/// Formats key string for table entry in system catalog
-#[inline]
-pub fn format_table_entry_key(catalog: &str, schema: &str, table_id: TableId) -> String {
-    format!("{catalog}.{schema}.{table_id}")
-}
-
-pub fn build_table_insert_request(
-    catalog: String,
-    schema: String,
-    table_name: String,
-    table_id: TableId,
-    engine: String,
-) -> InsertRequest {
-    let entry_key = format_table_entry_key(&catalog, &schema, table_id);
-    build_insert_request(
-        EntryType::Table,
-        entry_key.as_bytes(),
-        serde_json::to_string(&TableEntryValue {
-            table_name,
-            engine,
-            is_deleted: false,
-        })
-        .unwrap()
-        .as_bytes(),
-    )
-}
-
-pub(crate) fn build_table_deletion_request(
-    request: &DeregisterTableRequest,
-    table_id: TableId,
-) -> InsertRequest {
-    let entry_key = format_table_entry_key(&request.catalog, &request.schema, table_id);
-    build_insert_request(
-        EntryType::Table,
-        entry_key.as_bytes(),
-        serde_json::to_string(&TableEntryValue {
-            table_name: "".to_string(),
-            engine: "".to_string(),
-            is_deleted: true,
-        })
-        .unwrap()
-        .as_bytes(),
-    )
-}
-
-fn build_primary_key_columns(entry_type: EntryType, key: &[u8]) -> HashMap<String, VectorRef> {
-    HashMap::from([
-        (
-            "entry_type".to_string(),
-            Arc::new(UInt8Vector::from_slice([entry_type as u8])) as VectorRef,
-        ),
-        (
-            "key".to_string(),
-            Arc::new(BinaryVector::from_slice(&[key])) as VectorRef,
-        ),
-        (
-            "timestamp".to_string(),
-            // Timestamp in key part is intentionally left to 0
-            Arc::new(TimestampMillisecondVector::from_slice([0])) as VectorRef,
-        ),
-    ])
-}
-
-pub fn build_schema_insert_request(catalog_name: String, schema_name: String) -> InsertRequest {
-    let full_schema_name = format!("{catalog_name}.{schema_name}");
-    build_insert_request(
-        EntryType::Schema,
-        full_schema_name.as_bytes(),
-        serde_json::to_string(&SchemaEntryValue {})
-            .unwrap()
-            .as_bytes(),
-    )
-}
-
-pub fn build_insert_request(entry_type: EntryType, key: &[u8], value: &[u8]) -> InsertRequest {
-    let primary_key_columns = build_primary_key_columns(entry_type, key);
-
-    let mut columns_values = HashMap::with_capacity(6);
-    columns_values.extend(primary_key_columns);
-
-    let _ = columns_values.insert(
-        "value".to_string(),
-        Arc::new(BinaryVector::from_slice(&[value])) as _,
-    );
-
-    let now = util::current_time_millis();
-    let _ = columns_values.insert(
-        "gmt_created".to_string(),
-        Arc::new(TimestampMillisecondVector::from_slice([now])) as _,
-    );
-
-    let _ = columns_values.insert(
-        "gmt_modified".to_string(),
-        Arc::new(TimestampMillisecondVector::from_slice([now])) as _,
-    );
-
-    InsertRequest {
-        catalog_name: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-        schema_name: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-        table_name: SYSTEM_CATALOG_TABLE_NAME.to_string(),
-        columns_values,
-        region_number: 0, // system catalog table has only one region
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn decode_system_catalog(
-    entry_type: Option<u8>,
-    key: Option<&[u8]>,
-    value: Option<&[u8]>,
-) -> Result<Entry> {
-    debug!(
-        "Decode system catalog entry: {:?}, {:?}, {:?}",
-        entry_type, key, value
-    );
-    let entry_type = entry_type.context(InvalidKeySnafu { key: None })?;
-    let key = String::from_utf8_lossy(key.context(InvalidKeySnafu { key: None })?);
-
-    match EntryType::try_from(entry_type)? {
-        EntryType::Catalog => {
-            // As for catalog entry, the key is a string with format: `<catalog_name>`
-            // and the value is current not used.
-            let catalog_name = key.to_string();
-            Ok(Entry::Catalog(CatalogEntry { catalog_name }))
-        }
-        EntryType::Schema => {
-            // As for schema entry, the key is a string with format: `<catalog_name>.<schema_name>`
-            // and the value is current not used.
-            let schema_parts = key.split('.').collect::<Vec<_>>();
-            ensure!(
-                schema_parts.len() == 2,
-                InvalidKeySnafu {
-                    key: Some(key.to_string())
-                }
-            );
-            Ok(Entry::Schema(SchemaEntry {
-                catalog_name: schema_parts[0].to_string(),
-                schema_name: schema_parts[1].to_string(),
-            }))
-        }
-
-        EntryType::Table => {
-            // As for table entry, the key is a string with format: `<catalog_name>.<schema_name>.<table_id>`
-            // and the value is a JSON string with format: `{"table_name": <table_name>}`
-            let table_parts = key.split('.').collect::<Vec<_>>();
-            ensure!(
-                table_parts.len() >= 3,
-                InvalidKeySnafu {
-                    key: Some(key.to_string())
-                }
-            );
-            let value = value.context(EmptyValueSnafu)?;
-            debug!("Table meta value: {}", String::from_utf8_lossy(value));
-            let table_meta: TableEntryValue =
-                serde_json::from_slice(value).context(ValueDeserializeSnafu)?;
-            let table_id = table_parts[2].parse::<TableId>().unwrap();
-            Ok(Entry::Table(TableEntry {
-                catalog_name: table_parts[0].to_string(),
-                schema_name: table_parts[1].to_string(),
-                table_name: table_meta.table_name,
-                table_id,
-                engine: table_meta.engine,
-                is_deleted: table_meta.is_deleted,
-            }))
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum EntryType {
-    Catalog = 1,
-    Schema = 2,
-    Table = 3,
-}
-
-impl TryFrom<u8> for EntryType {
-    type Error = Error;
-
-    fn try_from(value: u8) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        match value {
-            b if b == Self::Catalog as u8 => Ok(Self::Catalog),
-            b if b == Self::Schema as u8 => Ok(Self::Schema),
-            b if b == Self::Table as u8 => Ok(Self::Table),
-            b => InvalidEntryTypeSnafu {
-                entry_type: Some(b),
-            }
-            .fail(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd)]
-pub enum Entry {
-    Catalog(CatalogEntry),
-    Schema(SchemaEntry),
-    Table(TableEntry),
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd)]
-pub struct CatalogEntry {
-    pub catalog_name: String,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd)]
-pub struct SchemaEntry {
-    pub catalog_name: String,
-    pub schema_name: String,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct SchemaEntryValue;
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd)]
-pub struct TableEntry {
-    pub catalog_name: String,
-    pub schema_name: String,
-    pub table_name: String,
-    pub table_id: TableId,
-    pub engine: String,
-    pub is_deleted: bool,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct TableEntryValue {
-    pub table_name: String,
-
-    #[serde(default = "mito_engine")]
-    pub engine: String,
-
-    #[serde(default = "not_deleted")]
-    pub is_deleted: bool,
-}
-
-fn mito_engine() -> String {
-    MITO_ENGINE.to_string()
-}
-
-fn not_deleted() -> bool {
-    false
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use common_recordbatch::RecordBatches;
-    use common_test_util::temp_dir::{create_temp_dir, TempDir};
-    use datatypes::value::Value;
-    use log_store::NoopLogStore;
-    use mito::config::EngineConfig;
-    use mito::engine::{MitoEngine, MITO_ENGINE};
-    use object_store::ObjectStore;
-    use storage::compaction::noop::NoopCompactionScheduler;
-    use storage::config::EngineConfig as StorageEngineConfig;
-    use storage::EngineImpl;
-    use table::metadata::TableType;
-    use table::metadata::TableType::Base;
-
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    pub fn test_decode_catalog_entry() {
-        let entry = decode_system_catalog(
-            Some(EntryType::Catalog as u8),
-            Some("some_catalog".as_bytes()),
-            None,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        if let Entry::Catalog(e) = entry {
-            assert_eq!("some_catalog", e.catalog_name);
-        } else {
-            panic!("Unexpected type: {entry:?}");
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    pub fn test_decode_schema_entry() {
-        let entry = decode_system_catalog(
-            Some(EntryType::Schema as u8),
-            Some("some_catalog.some_schema".as_bytes()),
-            None,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
-        if let Entry::Schema(e) = entry {
-            assert_eq!("some_catalog", e.catalog_name);
-            assert_eq!("some_schema", e.schema_name);
-        } else {
-            panic!("Unexpected type: {entry:?}");
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    pub fn test_decode_table() {
-        let entry = decode_system_catalog(
-            Some(EntryType::Table as u8),
-            Some("some_catalog.some_schema.42".as_bytes()),
-            Some("{\"table_name\":\"some_table\"}".as_bytes()),
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
-        if let Entry::Table(e) = entry {
-            assert_eq!("some_catalog", e.catalog_name);
-            assert_eq!("some_schema", e.schema_name);
-            assert_eq!("some_table", e.table_name);
-            assert_eq!(42, e.table_id);
-        } else {
-            panic!("Unexpected type: {entry:?}");
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    pub fn test_decode_mismatch() {
-        assert!(decode_system_catalog(
-            Some(EntryType::Table as u8),
-            Some("some_catalog.some_schema.42".as_bytes()),
-            None,
-        )
-        .is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    pub fn test_entry_type() {
-        assert_eq!(EntryType::Catalog, EntryType::try_from(1).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!(EntryType::Schema, EntryType::try_from(2).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!(EntryType::Table, EntryType::try_from(3).unwrap());
-        assert!(EntryType::try_from(4).is_err());
-    }
-
-    pub async fn prepare_table_engine() -> (TempDir, TableEngineRef) {
-        let dir = create_temp_dir("system-table-test");
-        let store_dir = dir.path().to_string_lossy();
-        let mut builder = object_store::services::Fs::default();
-        let _ = builder.root(&store_dir);
-        let object_store = ObjectStore::new(builder).unwrap().finish();
-        let noop_compaction_scheduler = Arc::new(NoopCompactionScheduler::default());
-        let table_engine = Arc::new(MitoEngine::new(
-            EngineConfig::default(),
-            EngineImpl::new(
-                StorageEngineConfig::default(),
-                Arc::new(NoopLogStore),
-                object_store.clone(),
-                noop_compaction_scheduler,
-            )
-            .unwrap(),
-            object_store,
-        ));
-        (dir, table_engine)
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_system_table_type() {
-        let (_dir, table_engine) = prepare_table_engine().await;
-        let system_table = SystemCatalogTable::new(table_engine).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Base, system_table.as_table_ref().table_type());
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_system_table_info() {
-        let (_dir, table_engine) = prepare_table_engine().await;
-        let system_table = SystemCatalogTable::new(table_engine).await.unwrap();
-        let info = system_table.as_table_ref().table_info();
-        assert_eq!(TableType::Base, info.table_type);
-        assert_eq!(SYSTEM_CATALOG_TABLE_NAME, info.name);
-        assert_eq!(SYSTEM_CATALOG_TABLE_ID, info.ident.table_id);
-        assert_eq!(SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME, info.catalog_name);
-        assert_eq!(INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME, info.schema_name);
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_system_catalog_table_records() {
-        let (_, table_engine) = prepare_table_engine().await;
-        let catalog_table = SystemCatalogTable::new(table_engine).await.unwrap();
-
-        let result = catalog_table
-            .register_table(
-                DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-                DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-                "my_table".to_string(),
-                1,
-                MITO_ENGINE.to_string(),
-            )
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(result, 1);
-
-        let records = catalog_table.records().await.unwrap();
-        let mut batches = RecordBatches::try_collect(records).await.unwrap().take();
-        assert_eq!(batches.len(), 1);
-        let batch = batches.remove(0);
-        assert_eq!(batch.num_rows(), 1);
-
-        let row = batch.rows().next().unwrap();
-        let Value::UInt8(entry_type) = row[0] else {
-            unreachable!()
-        };
-        let Value::Binary(key) = row[1].clone() else {
-            unreachable!()
-        };
-        let Value::Binary(value) = row[3].clone() else {
-            unreachable!()
-        };
-        let entry = decode_system_catalog(Some(entry_type), Some(&*key), Some(&*value)).unwrap();
-        let expected = Entry::Table(TableEntry {
-            catalog_name: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-            schema_name: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-            table_name: "my_table".to_string(),
-            table_id: 1,
-            engine: MITO_ENGINE.to_string(),
-            is_deleted: false,
-        });
-        assert_eq!(entry, expected);
-
-        catalog_table
-            .deregister_table(
-                &DeregisterTableRequest {
-                    catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-                    schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-                    table_name: "my_table".to_string(),
-                },
-                1,
-            )
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        let records = catalog_table.records().await.unwrap();
-        let batches = RecordBatches::try_collect(records).await.unwrap().take();
-        assert_eq!(batches.len(), 1);
-    }
-}
--- a/src/catalog/src/table_source.rs
+++ b/src/catalog/src/table_source.rs
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ mod tests {
    use session::context::QueryContext;

    use super::*;
-    use crate::local::MemoryCatalogManager;
+    use crate::memory::MemoryCatalogManager;

    #[test]
    fn test_validate_table_ref() {
--- a/src/catalog/src/tables.rs
+++ b/src/catalog/src/tables.rs
@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-// The `tables` table in system catalog keeps a record of all tables created by user.
-
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use table::metadata::TableId;
-
-use crate::system::SystemCatalogTable;
-use crate::DeregisterTableRequest;
-
-pub struct InformationSchema {
-    pub system: Arc<SystemCatalogTable>,
-}
-
-pub struct SystemCatalog {
-    pub information_schema: Arc<InformationSchema>,
-}
-
-impl SystemCatalog {
-    pub(crate) fn new(system: SystemCatalogTable) -> Self {
-        let schema = InformationSchema {
-            system: Arc::new(system),
-        };
-        Self {
-            information_schema: Arc::new(schema),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub async fn register_table(
-        &self,
-        catalog: String,
-        schema: String,
-        table_name: String,
-        table_id: TableId,
-        engine: String,
-    ) -> crate::error::Result<usize> {
-        self.information_schema
-            .system
-            .register_table(catalog, schema, table_name, table_id, engine)
-            .await
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) async fn deregister_table(
-        &self,
-        request: &DeregisterTableRequest,
-        table_id: TableId,
-    ) -> crate::error::Result<()> {
-        self.information_schema
-            .system
-            .deregister_table(request, table_id)
-            .await
-    }
-
-    pub async fn register_schema(
-        &self,
-        catalog: String,
-        schema: String,
-    ) -> crate::error::Result<usize> {
-        self.information_schema
-            .system
-            .register_schema(catalog, schema)
-            .await
-    }
-}
--- a/src/catalog/tests/local_catalog_tests.rs
+++ b/src/catalog/tests/local_catalog_tests.rs
@@ -1,175 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use std::sync::Arc;
-
-    use catalog::local::LocalCatalogManager;
-    use catalog::{CatalogManager, RegisterTableRequest, RenameTableRequest};
-    use common_catalog::consts::{DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME};
-    use common_telemetry::{error, info};
-    use common_test_util::temp_dir::TempDir;
-    use mito::config::EngineConfig;
-    use table::engine::manager::MemoryTableEngineManager;
-    use table::table::numbers::NumbersTable;
-    use tokio::sync::Mutex;
-
-    async fn create_local_catalog_manager(
-    ) -> Result<(TempDir, LocalCatalogManager), catalog::error::Error> {
-        let (dir, object_store) =
-            mito::table::test_util::new_test_object_store("setup_mock_engine_and_table").await;
-        let mock_engine = Arc::new(mito::table::test_util::MockMitoEngine::new(
-            EngineConfig::default(),
-            mito::table::test_util::MockEngine::default(),
-            object_store,
-        ));
-        let engine_manager = Arc::new(MemoryTableEngineManager::new(mock_engine.clone()));
-        let catalog_manager = LocalCatalogManager::try_new(engine_manager).await.unwrap();
-        catalog_manager.start().await?;
-        Ok((dir, catalog_manager))
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_rename_table() {
-        common_telemetry::init_default_ut_logging();
-        let (_dir, catalog_manager) = create_local_catalog_manager().await.unwrap();
-        // register table
-        let table_name = "test_table";
-        let table_id = 42;
-        let request = RegisterTableRequest {
-            catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-            schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-            table_name: table_name.to_string(),
-            table_id,
-            table: NumbersTable::table(table_id),
-        };
-        assert!(catalog_manager.register_table(request).await.unwrap());
-
-        // rename table
-        let new_table_name = "table_t";
-        let rename_table_req = RenameTableRequest {
-            catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-            schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-            table_name: table_name.to_string(),
-            new_table_name: new_table_name.to_string(),
-            table_id,
-        };
-        assert!(catalog_manager
-            .rename_table(rename_table_req)
-            .await
-            .unwrap());
-
-        let registered_table = catalog_manager
-            .table(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, new_table_name)
-            .await
-            .unwrap()
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(registered_table.table_info().ident.table_id, table_id);
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_duplicate_register() {
-        let (_dir, catalog_manager) = create_local_catalog_manager().await.unwrap();
-        let request = RegisterTableRequest {
-            catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-            schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-            table_name: "test_table".to_string(),
-            table_id: 42,
-            table: NumbersTable::table(42),
-        };
-        assert!(catalog_manager
-            .register_table(request.clone())
-            .await
-            .unwrap());
-
-        // register table with same table id will succeed with 0 as return val.
-        assert!(!catalog_manager.register_table(request).await.unwrap());
-
-        let err = catalog_manager
-            .register_table(RegisterTableRequest {
-                catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-                schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-                table_name: "test_table".to_string(),
-                table_id: 43,
-                table: NumbersTable::table(43),
-            })
-            .await
-            .unwrap_err();
-        assert!(
-            err.to_string()
-                .contains("Table `greptime.public.test_table` already exists"),
-            "Actual error message: {err}",
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_concurrent_register() {
-        common_telemetry::init_default_ut_logging();
-        let rt = Arc::new(tokio::runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread().build().unwrap());
-        let (_dir, catalog_manager) =
-            rt.block_on(async { create_local_catalog_manager().await.unwrap() });
-        let catalog_manager = Arc::new(catalog_manager);
-
-        let succeed = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
-
-        let mut handles = Vec::with_capacity(8);
-        for i in 0..8 {
-            let catalog = catalog_manager.clone();
-            let succeed = succeed.clone();
-            let handle = rt.spawn(async move {
-                let table_id = 42 + i;
-                let table = NumbersTable::table(table_id);
-                let table_info = table.table_info();
-                let req = RegisterTableRequest {
-                    catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-                    schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-                    table_name: "test_table".to_string(),
-                    table_id,
-                    table,
-                };
-                match catalog.register_table(req).await {
-                    Ok(res) => {
-                        if res {
-                            let mut succeed = succeed.lock().await;
-                            info!("Successfully registered table: {}", table_id);
-                            *succeed = Some(table_info);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    Err(_) => {
-                        error!("Failed to register table {}", table_id);
-                    }
-                }
-            });
-            handles.push(handle);
-        }
-
-        rt.block_on(async move {
-            for handle in handles {
-                handle.await.unwrap();
-            }
-            let guard = succeed.lock().await;
-            let table_info = guard.as_ref().unwrap();
-            let table_registered = catalog_manager
-                .table(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, "test_table")
-                .await
-                .unwrap()
-                .unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(
-                table_registered.table_info().ident.table_id,
-                table_info.ident.table_id
-            );
-        });
-    }
-}
--- a/src/catalog/tests/remote_catalog_tests.rs
+++ b/src/catalog/tests/remote_catalog_tests.rs
@@ -1,453 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-#![feature(assert_matches)]
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use std::assert_matches::assert_matches;
-    use std::collections::HashSet;
-    use std::sync::Arc;
-    use std::time::Duration;
-
-    use catalog::remote::mock::MockTableEngine;
-    use catalog::remote::region_alive_keeper::RegionAliveKeepers;
-    use catalog::remote::{CachedMetaKvBackend, RemoteCatalogManager};
-    use catalog::{CatalogManager, RegisterSchemaRequest, RegisterTableRequest};
-    use common_catalog::consts::{
-        DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME, MITO_ENGINE,
-    };
-    use common_meta::helper::CatalogValue;
-    use common_meta::ident::TableIdent;
-    use common_meta::key::catalog_name::CatalogNameKey;
-    use common_meta::key::TableMetadataManager;
-    use common_meta::kv_backend::memory::MemoryKvBackend;
-    use common_meta::kv_backend::KvBackend;
-    use common_meta::rpc::store::{CompareAndPutRequest, PutRequest};
-    use datatypes::schema::RawSchema;
-    use table::engine::manager::{MemoryTableEngineManager, TableEngineManagerRef};
-    use table::engine::{EngineContext, TableEngineRef};
-    use table::requests::CreateTableRequest;
-    use table::test_util::EmptyTable;
-    use tokio::time::Instant;
-
-    struct TestingComponents {
-        catalog_manager: Arc<RemoteCatalogManager>,
-        table_engine_manager: TableEngineManagerRef,
-        region_alive_keepers: Arc<RegionAliveKeepers>,
-    }
-
-    impl TestingComponents {
-        fn table_engine(&self) -> TableEngineRef {
-            self.table_engine_manager.engine(MITO_ENGINE).unwrap()
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_cached_backend() {
-        let backend = CachedMetaKvBackend::wrap(Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::default()));
-
-        let default_catalog_key = CatalogNameKey::new(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME).to_string();
-
-        let req = PutRequest::new()
-            .with_key(default_catalog_key.as_bytes())
-            .with_value(CatalogValue.as_bytes().unwrap());
-        backend.put(req).await.unwrap();
-
-        let ret = backend.get(b"__catalog_name/greptime").await.unwrap();
-        let _ = ret.unwrap();
-
-        let req = CompareAndPutRequest::new()
-            .with_key(b"__catalog_name/greptime".to_vec())
-            .with_expect(CatalogValue.as_bytes().unwrap())
-            .with_value(b"123".to_vec());
-        let _ = backend.compare_and_put(req).await.unwrap();
-
-        let ret = backend.get(b"__catalog_name/greptime").await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(b"123", ret.as_ref().unwrap().value.as_slice());
-
-        let req = PutRequest::new()
-            .with_key(b"__catalog_name/greptime".to_vec())
-            .with_value(b"1234".to_vec());
-        let _ = backend.put(req).await;
-
-        let ret = backend.get(b"__catalog_name/greptime").await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(b"1234", ret.unwrap().value.as_slice());
-
-        backend
-            .delete(b"__catalog_name/greptime", false)
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        let ret = backend.get(b"__catalog_name/greptime").await.unwrap();
-        assert!(ret.is_none());
-    }
-
-    async fn prepare_components(node_id: u64) -> TestingComponents {
-        let backend = Arc::new(MemoryKvBackend::default());
-
-        let req = PutRequest::new()
-            .with_key(b"__catalog_name/greptime".to_vec())
-            .with_value(b"".to_vec());
-        backend.put(req).await.unwrap();
-
-        let req = PutRequest::new()
-            .with_key(b"__schema_name/greptime-public".to_vec())
-            .with_value(b"".to_vec());
-        backend.put(req).await.unwrap();
-
-        let cached_backend = Arc::new(CachedMetaKvBackend::wrap(backend));
-
-        let table_engine = Arc::new(MockTableEngine::default());
-        let engine_manager = Arc::new(MemoryTableEngineManager::alias(
-            MITO_ENGINE.to_string(),
-            table_engine,
-        ));
-
-        let region_alive_keepers = Arc::new(RegionAliveKeepers::new(engine_manager.clone(), 5000));
-
-        let catalog_manager = RemoteCatalogManager::new(
-            engine_manager.clone(),
-            node_id,
-            region_alive_keepers.clone(),
-            Arc::new(TableMetadataManager::new(cached_backend)),
-        );
-        catalog_manager.start().await.unwrap();
-
-        TestingComponents {
-            catalog_manager: Arc::new(catalog_manager),
-            table_engine_manager: engine_manager,
-            region_alive_keepers,
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_remote_catalog_default() {
-        common_telemetry::init_default_ut_logging();
-        let node_id = 42;
-        let TestingComponents {
-            catalog_manager, ..
-        } = prepare_components(node_id).await;
-        assert_eq!(
-            vec![DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string()],
-            catalog_manager.catalog_names().await.unwrap()
-        );
-
-        let mut schema_names = catalog_manager
-            .schema_names(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME)
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        schema_names.sort_unstable();
-        assert_eq!(
-            vec![
-                INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-                DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string()
-            ],
-            schema_names
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_remote_catalog_register_nonexistent() {
-        common_telemetry::init_default_ut_logging();
-        let node_id = 42;
-        let components = prepare_components(node_id).await;
-
-        // register a new table with an nonexistent catalog
-        let catalog_name = "nonexistent_catalog".to_string();
-        let schema_name = "nonexistent_schema".to_string();
-        let table_name = "fail_table".to_string();
-        // this schema has no effect
-        let table_schema = RawSchema::new(vec![]);
-        let table = components
-            .table_engine()
-            .create_table(
-                &EngineContext {},
-                CreateTableRequest {
-                    id: 1,
-                    catalog_name: catalog_name.clone(),
-                    schema_name: schema_name.clone(),
-                    table_name: table_name.clone(),
-                    desc: None,
-                    schema: table_schema,
-                    region_numbers: vec![0],
-                    primary_key_indices: vec![],
-                    create_if_not_exists: false,
-                    table_options: Default::default(),
-                    engine: MITO_ENGINE.to_string(),
-                },
-            )
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        let reg_req = RegisterTableRequest {
-            catalog: catalog_name,
-            schema: schema_name,
-            table_name,
-            table_id: 1,
-            table,
-        };
-        let res = components.catalog_manager.register_table(reg_req).await;
-
-        // because nonexistent_catalog does not exist yet.
-        assert_matches!(
-            res.err().unwrap(),
-            catalog::error::Error::CatalogNotFound { .. }
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_register_table() {
-        let node_id = 42;
-        let components = prepare_components(node_id).await;
-        let mut schema_names = components
-            .catalog_manager
-            .schema_names(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME)
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        schema_names.sort_unstable();
-        assert_eq!(
-            vec![
-                INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-                DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-            ],
-            schema_names
-        );
-
-        // register a new table with an nonexistent catalog
-        let catalog_name = DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string();
-        let schema_name = DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string();
-        let table_name = "test_table".to_string();
-        let table_id = 1;
-        // this schema has no effect
-        let table_schema = RawSchema::new(vec![]);
-        let table = components
-            .table_engine()
-            .create_table(
-                &EngineContext {},
-                CreateTableRequest {
-                    id: table_id,
-                    catalog_name: catalog_name.clone(),
-                    schema_name: schema_name.clone(),
-                    table_name: table_name.clone(),
-                    desc: None,
-                    schema: table_schema,
-                    region_numbers: vec![0],
-                    primary_key_indices: vec![],
-                    create_if_not_exists: false,
-                    table_options: Default::default(),
-                    engine: MITO_ENGINE.to_string(),
-                },
-            )
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        let reg_req = RegisterTableRequest {
-            catalog: catalog_name,
-            schema: schema_name,
-            table_name: table_name.clone(),
-            table_id,
-            table,
-        };
-        assert!(components
-            .catalog_manager
-            .register_table(reg_req)
-            .await
-            .unwrap());
-        assert_eq!(
-            vec![table_name],
-            components
-                .catalog_manager
-                .table_names(DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME)
-                .await
-                .unwrap()
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_register_catalog_schema_table() {
-        let node_id = 42;
-        let components = prepare_components(node_id).await;
-
-        let catalog_name = "test_catalog".to_string();
-        let schema_name = "nonexistent_schema".to_string();
-
-        // register catalog to catalog manager
-        assert!(components
-            .catalog_manager
-            .clone()
-            .register_catalog(catalog_name.clone())
-            .await
-            .is_ok());
-        assert_eq!(
-            HashSet::<String>::from_iter(vec![
-                DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-                catalog_name.clone()
-            ]),
-            HashSet::from_iter(components.catalog_manager.catalog_names().await.unwrap())
-        );
-
-        let table_to_register = components
-            .table_engine()
-            .create_table(
-                &EngineContext {},
-                CreateTableRequest {
-                    id: 2,
-                    catalog_name: catalog_name.clone(),
-                    schema_name: schema_name.clone(),
-                    table_name: "".to_string(),
-                    desc: None,
-                    schema: RawSchema::new(vec![]),
-                    region_numbers: vec![0],
-                    primary_key_indices: vec![],
-                    create_if_not_exists: false,
-                    table_options: Default::default(),
-                    engine: MITO_ENGINE.to_string(),
-                },
-            )
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-
-        let reg_req = RegisterTableRequest {
-            catalog: catalog_name.clone(),
-            schema: schema_name.clone(),
-            table_name: " fail_table".to_string(),
-            table_id: 2,
-            table: table_to_register,
-        };
-        // this register will fail since schema does not exist yet
-        assert_matches!(
-            components
-                .catalog_manager
-                .register_table(reg_req.clone())
-                .await
-                .unwrap_err(),
-            catalog::error::Error::SchemaNotFound { .. }
-        );
-
-        let register_schema_request = RegisterSchemaRequest {
-            catalog: catalog_name.to_string(),
-            schema: schema_name.to_string(),
-        };
-        assert!(components
-            .catalog_manager
-            .register_schema(register_schema_request)
-            .await
-            .expect("Register schema should not fail"));
-        assert!(components
-            .catalog_manager
-            .register_table(reg_req)
-            .await
-            .unwrap());
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            HashSet::from([schema_name.clone(), INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string()]),
-            components
-                .catalog_manager
-                .schema_names(&catalog_name)
-                .await
-                .unwrap()
-                .into_iter()
-                .collect()
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_register_table_before_and_after_region_alive_keeper_started() {
-        let components = prepare_components(42).await;
-        let catalog_manager = &components.catalog_manager;
-        let region_alive_keepers = &components.region_alive_keepers;
-
-        let table_before = TableIdent {
-            catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-            schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-            table: "table_before".to_string(),
-            table_id: 1,
-            engine: MITO_ENGINE.to_string(),
-        };
-        let request = RegisterTableRequest {
-            catalog: table_before.catalog.clone(),
-            schema: table_before.schema.clone(),
-            table_name: table_before.table.clone(),
-            table_id: table_before.table_id,
-            table: Arc::new(EmptyTable::new(CreateTableRequest {
-                id: table_before.table_id,
-                catalog_name: table_before.catalog.clone(),
-                schema_name: table_before.schema.clone(),
-                table_name: table_before.table.clone(),
-                desc: None,
-                schema: RawSchema::new(vec![]),
-                region_numbers: vec![0],
-                primary_key_indices: vec![],
-                create_if_not_exists: false,
-                table_options: Default::default(),
-                engine: MITO_ENGINE.to_string(),
-            })),
-        };
-        assert!(catalog_manager.register_table(request).await.unwrap());
-
-        let keeper = region_alive_keepers
-            .find_keeper(table_before.table_id)
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        let deadline = keeper.deadline(0).await.unwrap();
-        let far_future = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(86400 * 365 * 29);
-        // assert region alive countdown is not started
-        assert!(deadline > far_future);
-
-        region_alive_keepers.start().await;
-
-        let table_after = TableIdent {
-            catalog: DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME.to_string(),
-            schema: DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME.to_string(),
-            table: "table_after".to_string(),
-            table_id: 2,
-            engine: MITO_ENGINE.to_string(),
-        };
-        let request = RegisterTableRequest {
-            catalog: table_after.catalog.clone(),
-            schema: table_after.schema.clone(),
-            table_name: table_after.table.clone(),
-            table_id: table_after.table_id,
-            table: Arc::new(EmptyTable::new(CreateTableRequest {
-                id: table_after.table_id,
-                catalog_name: table_after.catalog.clone(),
-                schema_name: table_after.schema.clone(),
-                table_name: table_after.table.clone(),
-                desc: None,
-                schema: RawSchema::new(vec![]),
-                region_numbers: vec![0],
-                primary_key_indices: vec![],
-                create_if_not_exists: false,
-                table_options: Default::default(),
-                engine: MITO_ENGINE.to_string(),
-            })),
-        };
-        assert!(catalog_manager.register_table(request).await.unwrap());
-
-        let keeper = region_alive_keepers
-            .find_keeper(table_after.table_id)
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        let deadline = keeper.deadline(0).await.unwrap();
-        // assert countdown is started for the table registered after [RegionAliveKeepers] started
-        assert!(deadline <= Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(20));
-
-        let keeper = region_alive_keepers
-            .find_keeper(table_before.table_id)
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
-        let deadline = keeper.deadline(0).await.unwrap();
-        // assert countdown is started for the table registered before [RegionAliveKeepers] started, too
-        assert!(deadline <= Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(20));
-    }
-}
--- a/src/client/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/client/Cargo.toml
@@ -8,41 +8,45 @@ license.workspace = true
 testing = []

 [dependencies]
-api = { workspace = true }
+api.workspace = true
 arrow-flight.workspace = true
 async-stream.workspace = true
-common-base = { workspace = true }
-common-catalog = { workspace = true }
-common-error = { workspace = true }
-common-grpc = { workspace = true }
-common-meta = { workspace = true }
-common-query = { workspace = true }
-common-recordbatch = { workspace = true }
-common-telemetry = { workspace = true }
-common-time = { workspace = true }
+async-trait.workspace = true
+common-base.workspace = true
+common-catalog.workspace = true
+common-error.workspace = true
+common-grpc.workspace = true
+common-macro.workspace = true
+common-meta.workspace = true
+common-query.workspace = true
+common-recordbatch.workspace = true
+common-telemetry.workspace = true
+common-time.workspace = true
 datafusion.workspace = true
-datatypes = { workspace = true }
+datatypes.workspace = true
 derive_builder.workspace = true
 enum_dispatch = "0.3"
 futures-util.workspace = true
-moka = { version = "0.9", features = ["future"] }
+lazy_static.workspace = true
+moka = { workspace = true, features = ["future"] }
 parking_lot = "0.12"
+prometheus.workspace = true
 prost.workspace = true
 rand.workspace = true
+session.workspace = true
 snafu.workspace = true
 tokio-stream = { version = "0.1", features = ["net"] }
 tokio.workspace = true
 tonic.workspace = true

 [dev-dependencies]
-common-grpc-expr = { workspace = true }
-datanode = { workspace = true }
+common-grpc-expr.workspace = true
+datanode.workspace = true
 derive-new = "0.5"
-prost.workspace = true
-substrait = { workspace = true }
+substrait.workspace = true
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }

 [dev-dependencies.substrait_proto]
 package = "substrait"
-version = "0.7"
+version = "0.17"
--- a/src/client/examples/logical.rs
+++ b/src/client/examples/logical.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

-use api::v1::{ColumnDataType, ColumnDef, CreateTableExpr, TableId};
+use api::v1::{ColumnDataType, ColumnDef, CreateTableExpr, SemanticType, TableId};
 use client::{Client, Database};
 use common_catalog::consts::{DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME, MITO_ENGINE};
 use prost::Message;
@@ -41,21 +41,30 @@ async fn run() {
        column_defs: vec![
            ColumnDef {
                name: "timestamp".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::TimestampMillisecond as i32,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::TimestampMillisecond as i32,
                is_nullable: false,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Timestamp as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
            ColumnDef {
                name: "key".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::Uint64 as i32,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::Uint64 as i32,
                is_nullable: false,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Tag as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
            ColumnDef {
                name: "value".to_string(),
-                datatype: ColumnDataType::Uint64 as i32,
+                data_type: ColumnDataType::Uint64 as i32,
                is_nullable: false,
                default_constraint: vec![],
+                semantic_type: SemanticType::Field as i32,
+                comment: String::new(),
+                ..Default::default()
            },
        ],
        time_index: "timestamp".to_string(),
@@ -63,7 +72,6 @@ async fn run() {
        create_if_not_exists: false,
        table_options: Default::default(),
        table_id: Some(TableId { id: 1024 }),
-        region_numbers: vec![0],
        engine: MITO_ENGINE.to_string(),
    };

@@ -73,7 +81,7 @@ async fn run() {

    let logical = mock_logical_plan();
    event!(Level::INFO, "plan size: {:#?}", logical.len());
-    let result = db.logical_plan(logical, None).await.unwrap();
+    let result = db.logical_plan(logical).await.unwrap();

    event!(Level::INFO, "result: {:#?}", result);
 }
--- a/src/client/examples/stream_ingest.rs
+++ b/src/client/examples/stream_ingest.rs
@@ -42,14 +42,14 @@ async fn run() {
        .insert(vec![to_insert_request(weather_records_1())])
        .await
    {
-        error!("Error: {e}");
+        error!("Error: {e:?}");
    }

    if let Err(e) = stream_inserter
        .insert(vec![to_insert_request(weather_records_2())])
        .await
    {
-        error!("Error: {e}");
+        error!("Error: {e:?}");
    }

    let result = stream_inserter.finish().await;
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ async fn run() {
            info!("Rows written: {rows}");
        }
        Err(e) => {
-            error!("Error: {e}");
+            error!("Error: {e:?}");
        }
    };
 }
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ fn to_insert_request(records: Vec<WeatherRecord>) -> InsertRequest {
        Column {
            column_name: "ts".to_owned(),
            values: Some(column::Values {
-                ts_millisecond_values: timestamp_millis,
+                timestamp_millisecond_values: timestamp_millis,
                ..Default::default()
            }),
            semantic_type: SemanticType::Timestamp as i32,
@@ -177,6 +177,5 @@ fn to_insert_request(records: Vec<WeatherRecord>) -> InsertRequest {
        table_name: "weather_demo".to_owned(),
        columns,
        row_count: rows as u32,
-        ..Default::default()
    }
 }
--- a/src/client/src/client.rs
+++ b/src/client/src/client.rs
@@ -138,24 +138,46 @@ impl Client {
        Ok((addr, channel))
    }

+    fn max_grpc_recv_message_size(&self) -> usize {
+        self.inner
+            .channel_manager
+            .config()
+            .max_recv_message_size
+            .as_bytes() as usize
+    }
+
+    fn max_grpc_send_message_size(&self) -> usize {
+        self.inner
+            .channel_manager
+            .config()
+            .max_send_message_size
+            .as_bytes() as usize
+    }
+
    pub(crate) fn make_flight_client(&self) -> Result<FlightClient> {
        let (addr, channel) = self.find_channel()?;
        Ok(FlightClient {
            addr,
-            client: FlightServiceClient::new(channel),
+            client: FlightServiceClient::new(channel)
+                .max_decoding_message_size(self.max_grpc_recv_message_size())
+                .max_encoding_message_size(self.max_grpc_send_message_size()),
        })
    }

    pub(crate) fn make_database_client(&self) -> Result<DatabaseClient> {
        let (_, channel) = self.find_channel()?;
        Ok(DatabaseClient {
-            inner: GreptimeDatabaseClient::new(channel),
+            inner: GreptimeDatabaseClient::new(channel)
+                .max_decoding_message_size(self.max_grpc_recv_message_size())
+                .max_encoding_message_size(self.max_grpc_send_message_size()),
        })
    }

    pub(crate) fn raw_region_client(&self) -> Result<PbRegionClient<Channel>> {
        let (_, channel) = self.find_channel()?;
-        Ok(PbRegionClient::new(channel))
+        Ok(PbRegionClient::new(channel)
+            .max_decoding_message_size(self.max_grpc_recv_message_size())
+            .max_encoding_message_size(self.max_grpc_send_message_size()))
    }

    pub fn make_prometheus_gateway_client(&self) -> Result<PrometheusGatewayClient<Channel>> {
--- a/src/client/src/client_manager.rs
+++ b/src/client/src/client_manager.rs
@@ -13,12 +13,15 @@
 // limitations under the License.

 use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;

 use common_grpc::channel_manager::{ChannelConfig, ChannelManager};
+use common_meta::datanode_manager::{Datanode, DatanodeManager};
 use common_meta::peer::Peer;
 use moka::future::{Cache, CacheBuilder};

+use crate::region::RegionRequester;
 use crate::Client;

 pub struct DatanodeClients {
@@ -40,6 +43,15 @@ impl Debug for DatanodeClients {
    }
 }

+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl DatanodeManager for DatanodeClients {
+    async fn datanode(&self, datanode: &Peer) -> Arc<dyn Datanode> {
+        let client = self.get_client(datanode).await;
+
+        Arc::new(RegionRequester::new(client))
+    }
+}
+
 impl DatanodeClients {
    pub fn new(config: ChannelConfig) -> Self {
        Self {
--- a/src/client/src/database.rs
+++ b/src/client/src/database.rs
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ use api::v1::ddl_request::Expr as DdlExpr;
 use api::v1::greptime_request::Request;
 use api::v1::query_request::Query;
 use api::v1::{
-    AlterExpr, AuthHeader, CompactTableExpr, CreateTableExpr, DdlRequest, DeleteRequests,
-    DropTableExpr, FlushTableExpr, GreptimeRequest, InsertRequests, PromRangeQuery, QueryRequest,
-    RequestHeader, RowInsertRequests, TruncateTableExpr,
+    AlterExpr, AuthHeader, CreateTableExpr, DdlRequest, DeleteRequests, DropTableExpr,
+    GreptimeRequest, InsertRequests, PromRangeQuery, QueryRequest, RequestHeader,
+    RowInsertRequests, TruncateTableExpr,
 };
 use arrow_flight::Ticket;
 use async_stream::stream;
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ use common_grpc::flight::{FlightDecoder, FlightMessage};
 use common_query::Output;
 use common_recordbatch::error::ExternalSnafu;
 use common_recordbatch::RecordBatchStreamAdaptor;
-use common_telemetry::{logging, timer};
+use common_telemetry::logging;
+use common_telemetry::tracing_context::W3cTrace;
 use futures_util::StreamExt;
 use prost::Message;
 use snafu::{ensure, ResultExt};
@@ -111,12 +112,12 @@ impl Database {
    }

    pub async fn insert(&self, requests: InsertRequests) -> Result<u32> {
-        let _timer = timer!(metrics::METRIC_GRPC_INSERT);
+        let _timer = metrics::METRIC_GRPC_INSERT.start_timer();
        self.handle(Request::Inserts(requests)).await
    }

    pub async fn row_insert(&self, requests: RowInsertRequests) -> Result<u32> {
-        let _timer = timer!(metrics::METRIC_GRPC_INSERT);
+        let _timer = metrics::METRIC_GRPC_INSERT.start_timer();
        self.handle(Request::RowInserts(requests)).await
    }

@@ -141,55 +142,48 @@ impl Database {
    }

    pub async fn delete(&self, request: DeleteRequests) -> Result<u32> {
-        let _timer = timer!(metrics::METRIC_GRPC_DELETE);
+        let _timer = metrics::METRIC_GRPC_DELETE.start_timer();
        self.handle(Request::Deletes(request)).await
    }

    async fn handle(&self, request: Request) -> Result<u32> {
        let mut client = self.client.make_database_client()?.inner;
-        let request = self.to_rpc_request(request, None);
+        let request = self.to_rpc_request(request);
        let response = client.handle(request).await?.into_inner();
        from_grpc_response(response)
    }

    #[inline]
-    fn to_rpc_request(&self, request: Request, trace_id: Option<u64>) -> GreptimeRequest {
+    fn to_rpc_request(&self, request: Request) -> GreptimeRequest {
        GreptimeRequest {
            header: Some(RequestHeader {
                catalog: self.catalog.clone(),
                schema: self.schema.clone(),
                authorization: self.ctx.auth_header.clone(),
                dbname: self.dbname.clone(),
-                trace_id,
-                span_id: None,
+                // TODO(Taylor-lagrange): add client grpc tracing
+                tracing_context: W3cTrace::new(),
            }),
            request: Some(request),
        }
    }

-    pub async fn sql(&self, sql: &str) -> Result<Output> {
-        let _timer = timer!(metrics::METRIC_GRPC_SQL);
-        self.do_get(
-            Request::Query(QueryRequest {
-                query: Some(Query::Sql(sql.to_string())),
-            }),
-            None,
-        )
+    pub async fn sql<S>(&self, sql: S) -> Result<Output>
+    where
+        S: AsRef<str>,
+    {
+        let _timer = metrics::METRIC_GRPC_SQL.start_timer();
+        self.do_get(Request::Query(QueryRequest {
+            query: Some(Query::Sql(sql.as_ref().to_string())),
+        }))
        .await
    }

-    pub async fn logical_plan(
-        &self,
-        logical_plan: Vec<u8>,
-        trace_id: Option<u64>,
-    ) -> Result<Output> {
-        let _timer = timer!(metrics::METRIC_GRPC_LOGICAL_PLAN);
-        self.do_get(
-            Request::Query(QueryRequest {
-                query: Some(Query::LogicalPlan(logical_plan)),
-            }),
-            trace_id,
-        )
+    pub async fn logical_plan(&self, logical_plan: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Output> {
+        let _timer = metrics::METRIC_GRPC_LOGICAL_PLAN.start_timer();
+        self.do_get(Request::Query(QueryRequest {
+            query: Some(Query::LogicalPlan(logical_plan)),
+        }))
        .await
    }

@@ -200,91 +194,54 @@ impl Database {
        end: &str,
        step: &str,
    ) -> Result<Output> {
-        let _timer = timer!(metrics::METRIC_GRPC_PROMQL_RANGE_QUERY);
-        self.do_get(
-            Request::Query(QueryRequest {
-                query: Some(Query::PromRangeQuery(PromRangeQuery {
-                    query: promql.to_string(),
-                    start: start.to_string(),
-                    end: end.to_string(),
-                    step: step.to_string(),
-                })),
-            }),
-            None,
-        )
+        let _timer = metrics::METRIC_GRPC_PROMQL_RANGE_QUERY.start_timer();
+        self.do_get(Request::Query(QueryRequest {
+            query: Some(Query::PromRangeQuery(PromRangeQuery {
+                query: promql.to_string(),
+                start: start.to_string(),
+                end: end.to_string(),
+                step: step.to_string(),
+            })),
+        }))
        .await
    }

    pub async fn create(&self, expr: CreateTableExpr) -> Result<Output> {
-        let _timer = timer!(metrics::METRIC_GRPC_CREATE_TABLE);
-        self.do_get(
-            Request::Ddl(DdlRequest {
-                expr: Some(DdlExpr::CreateTable(expr)),
-            }),
-            None,
-        )
+        let _timer = metrics::METRIC_GRPC_CREATE_TABLE.start_timer();
+        self.do_get(Request::Ddl(DdlRequest {
+            expr: Some(DdlExpr::CreateTable(expr)),
+        }))
        .await
    }

    pub async fn alter(&self, expr: AlterExpr) -> Result<Output> {
-        let _timer = timer!(metrics::METRIC_GRPC_ALTER);
-        self.do_get(
-            Request::Ddl(DdlRequest {
-                expr: Some(DdlExpr::Alter(expr)),
-            }),
-            None,
-        )
+        let _timer = metrics::METRIC_GRPC_ALTER.start_timer();
+        self.do_get(Request::Ddl(DdlRequest {
+            expr: Some(DdlExpr::Alter(expr)),
+        }))
        .await
    }

    pub async fn drop_table(&self, expr: DropTableExpr) -> Result<Output> {
-        let _timer = timer!(metrics::METRIC_GRPC_DROP_TABLE);
-        self.do_get(
-            Request::Ddl(DdlRequest {
-                expr: Some(DdlExpr::DropTable(expr)),
-            }),
-            None,
-        )
-        .await
-    }
-
-    pub async fn flush_table(&self, expr: FlushTableExpr) -> Result<Output> {
-        let _timer = timer!(metrics::METRIC_GRPC_FLUSH_TABLE);
-        self.do_get(
-            Request::Ddl(DdlRequest {
-                expr: Some(DdlExpr::FlushTable(expr)),
-            }),
-            None,
-        )
-        .await
-    }
-
-    pub async fn compact_table(&self, expr: CompactTableExpr) -> Result<Output> {
-        let _timer = timer!(metrics::METRIC_GRPC_COMPACT_TABLE);
-        self.do_get(
-            Request::Ddl(DdlRequest {
-                expr: Some(DdlExpr::CompactTable(expr)),
-            }),
-            None,
-        )
+        let _timer = metrics::METRIC_GRPC_DROP_TABLE.start_timer();
+        self.do_get(Request::Ddl(DdlRequest {
+            expr: Some(DdlExpr::DropTable(expr)),
+        }))
        .await
    }

    pub async fn truncate_table(&self, expr: TruncateTableExpr) -> Result<Output> {
-        let _timer = timer!(metrics::METRIC_GRPC_TRUNCATE_TABLE);
-        self.do_get(
-            Request::Ddl(DdlRequest {
-                expr: Some(DdlExpr::TruncateTable(expr)),
-            }),
-            None,
-        )
+        let _timer = metrics::METRIC_GRPC_TRUNCATE_TABLE.start_timer();
+        self.do_get(Request::Ddl(DdlRequest {
+            expr: Some(DdlExpr::TruncateTable(expr)),
+        }))
        .await
    }

-    async fn do_get(&self, request: Request, trace_id: Option<u64>) -> Result<Output> {
+    async fn do_get(&self, request: Request) -> Result<Output> {
        // FIXME(paomian): should be added some labels for metrics
-        let _timer = timer!(metrics::METRIC_GRPC_DO_GET);
-        let request = self.to_rpc_request(request, trace_id);
+        let _timer = metrics::METRIC_GRPC_DO_GET.start_timer();
+        let request = self.to_rpc_request(request);
        let request = Ticket {
            ticket: request.encode_to_vec().into(),
        };
@@ -302,7 +259,7 @@ impl Database {
                source: BoxedError::new(ServerSnafu { code, msg }.build()),
            };
            logging::error!(
-                "Failed to do Flight get, addr: {}, code: {}, source: {}",
+                "Failed to do Flight get, addr: {}, code: {}, source: {:?}",
                client.addr(),
                tonic_code,
                error
--- a/src/client/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/client/src/error.rs
@@ -17,29 +17,37 @@ use std::any::Any;
 use common_error::ext::{BoxedError, ErrorExt};
 use common_error::status_code::StatusCode;
 use common_error::{GREPTIME_ERROR_CODE, GREPTIME_ERROR_MSG};
+use common_macro::stack_trace_debug;
 use snafu::{Location, Snafu};
 use tonic::{Code, Status};

-#[derive(Debug, Snafu)]
+#[derive(Snafu)]
 #[snafu(visibility(pub))]
+#[stack_trace_debug]
 pub enum Error {
    #[snafu(display("Illegal Flight messages, reason: {}", reason))]
    IllegalFlightMessages { reason: String, location: Location },

-    #[snafu(display("Failed to do Flight get, code: {}, source: {}", tonic_code, source))]
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to do Flight get, code: {}", tonic_code))]
    FlightGet {
        addr: String,
        tonic_code: Code,
        source: BoxedError,
    },

-    #[snafu(display("Failed to convert FlightData, source: {}", source))]
+    #[snafu(display("Failure occurs during handling request"))]
+    HandleRequest {
+        location: Location,
+        source: BoxedError,
+    },
+
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to convert FlightData"))]
    ConvertFlightData {
        location: Location,
        source: common_grpc::Error,
    },

-    #[snafu(display("Column datatype error, source: {}", source))]
+    #[snafu(display("Column datatype error"))]
    ColumnDataType {
        location: Location,
        source: api::error::Error,
@@ -51,17 +59,16 @@ pub enum Error {
    #[snafu(display("Missing required field in protobuf, field: {}", field))]
    MissingField { field: String, location: Location },

-    #[snafu(display(
-        "Failed to create gRPC channel, peer address: {}, source: {}",
-        addr,
-        source
-    ))]
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to create gRPC channel, peer address: {}", addr))]
    CreateChannel {
        addr: String,
        location: Location,
        source: common_grpc::error::Error,
    },

+    #[snafu(display("Failed to request RegionServer, code: {}", code))]
+    RegionServer { code: Code, source: BoxedError },
+
    // Server error carried in Tonic Status's metadata.
    #[snafu(display("{}", msg))]
    Server { code: StatusCode, msg: String },
@@ -85,7 +92,9 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
            | Error::ClientStreaming { .. } => StatusCode::Internal,

            Error::Server { code, .. } => *code,
-            Error::FlightGet { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
+            Error::FlightGet { source, .. }
+            | Error::HandleRequest { source, .. }
+            | Error::RegionServer { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
            Error::CreateChannel { source, .. } | Error::ConvertFlightData { source, .. } => {
                source.status_code()
            }
--- a/src/client/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/client/src/lib.rs
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ use api::v1::greptime_response::Response;
 use api::v1::{AffectedRows, GreptimeResponse};
 pub use common_catalog::consts::{DEFAULT_CATALOG_NAME, DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME};
 use common_error::status_code::StatusCode;
+pub use common_query::Output;
+pub use common_recordbatch::{RecordBatches, SendableRecordBatchStream};
 use snafu::OptionExt;

 pub use self::client::Client;
--- a/src/client/src/metrics.rs
+++ b/src/client/src/metrics.rs
@@ -12,17 +12,34 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

-//! client metrics
-pub const METRIC_GRPC_CREATE_TABLE: &str = "grpc.create_table";
-pub const METRIC_GRPC_PROMQL_RANGE_QUERY: &str = "grpc.promql.range_query";
-pub const METRIC_GRPC_INSERT: &str = "grpc.insert";
-pub const METRIC_GRPC_DELETE: &str = "grpc.delete";
-pub const METRIC_GRPC_SQL: &str = "grpc.sql";
-pub const METRIC_GRPC_LOGICAL_PLAN: &str = "grpc.logical_plan";
-pub const METRIC_GRPC_ALTER: &str = "grpc.alter";
-pub const METRIC_GRPC_DROP_TABLE: &str = "grpc.drop_table";
-pub const METRIC_GRPC_FLUSH_TABLE: &str = "grpc.flush_table";
-pub const METRIC_GRPC_COMPACT_TABLE: &str = "grpc.compact_table";
-pub const METRIC_GRPC_TRUNCATE_TABLE: &str = "grpc.truncate_table";
-pub const METRIC_GRPC_DO_GET: &str = "grpc.do_get";
-pub(crate) const METRIC_REGION_REQUEST_GRPC: &str = "grpc.region_request";
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use prometheus::*;
+
+lazy_static! {
+    pub static ref METRIC_GRPC_CREATE_TABLE: Histogram =
+        register_histogram!("grpc_create_table", "grpc create table").unwrap();
+    pub static ref METRIC_GRPC_PROMQL_RANGE_QUERY: Histogram =
+        register_histogram!("grpc_promql_range_query", "grpc promql range query").unwrap();
+    pub static ref METRIC_GRPC_INSERT: Histogram =
+        register_histogram!("grpc_insert", "grpc insert").unwrap();
+    pub static ref METRIC_GRPC_DELETE: Histogram =
+        register_histogram!("grpc_delete", "grpc delete").unwrap();
+    pub static ref METRIC_GRPC_SQL: Histogram =
+        register_histogram!("grpc_sql", "grpc sql").unwrap();
+    pub static ref METRIC_GRPC_LOGICAL_PLAN: Histogram =
+        register_histogram!("grpc_logical_plan", "grpc logical plan").unwrap();
+    pub static ref METRIC_GRPC_ALTER: Histogram =
+        register_histogram!("grpc_alter", "grpc alter").unwrap();
+    pub static ref METRIC_GRPC_DROP_TABLE: Histogram =
+        register_histogram!("grpc_drop_table", "grpc drop table").unwrap();
+    pub static ref METRIC_GRPC_TRUNCATE_TABLE: Histogram =
+        register_histogram!("grpc_truncate_table", "grpc truncate table").unwrap();
+    pub static ref METRIC_GRPC_DO_GET: Histogram =
+        register_histogram!("grpc_do_get", "grpc do get").unwrap();
+    pub static ref METRIC_REGION_REQUEST_GRPC: HistogramVec = register_histogram_vec!(
+        "grpc_region_request",
+        "grpc region request",
+        &["request_type"]
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+}
--- a/src/client/src/region.rs
+++ b/src/client/src/region.rs
@@ -12,64 +12,180 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

-use api::v1::region::{region_request, RegionRequest, RegionRequestHeader, RegionResponse};
+use api::v1::region::{QueryRequest, RegionRequest, RegionResponse};
 use api::v1::ResponseHeader;
+use arrow_flight::Ticket;
+use async_stream::stream;
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use common_error::ext::{BoxedError, ErrorExt};
 use common_error::status_code::StatusCode;
-use common_telemetry::timer;
-use snafu::OptionExt;
+use common_grpc::flight::{FlightDecoder, FlightMessage};
+use common_meta::datanode_manager::{AffectedRows, Datanode};
+use common_meta::error::{self as meta_error, Result as MetaResult};
+use common_recordbatch::error::ExternalSnafu;
+use common_recordbatch::{RecordBatchStreamAdaptor, SendableRecordBatchStream};
+use common_telemetry::error;
+use prost::Message;
+use snafu::{location, Location, OptionExt, ResultExt};
+use tokio_stream::StreamExt;

-use crate::error::{IllegalDatabaseResponseSnafu, Result, ServerSnafu};
-use crate::{metrics, Client};
-
-type AffectedRows = u64;
+use crate::error::Error::RegionServer;
+use crate::error::{
+    self, ConvertFlightDataSnafu, IllegalDatabaseResponseSnafu, IllegalFlightMessagesSnafu,
+    MissingFieldSnafu, Result, ServerSnafu,
+};
+use crate::{metrics, Client, Error};

 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct RegionRequester {
-    trace_id: Option<u64>,
-    span_id: Option<u64>,
    client: Client,
 }

+#[async_trait]
+impl Datanode for RegionRequester {
+    async fn handle(&self, request: RegionRequest) -> MetaResult<AffectedRows> {
+        self.handle_inner(request).await.map_err(|err| {
+            if matches!(err, RegionServer { .. }) {
+                meta_error::Error::RetryLater {
+                    source: BoxedError::new(err),
+                }
+            } else {
+                meta_error::Error::External {
+                    source: BoxedError::new(err),
+                    location: location!(),
+                }
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn handle_query(&self, request: QueryRequest) -> MetaResult<SendableRecordBatchStream> {
+        let ticket = Ticket {
+            ticket: request.encode_to_vec().into(),
+        };
+        self.do_get_inner(ticket)
+            .await
+            .map_err(BoxedError::new)
+            .context(meta_error::ExternalSnafu)
+    }
+}
+
 impl RegionRequester {
    pub fn new(client: Client) -> Self {
-        // TODO(LFC): Pass in trace_id and span_id from some context when we have it.
-        Self {
-            trace_id: None,
-            span_id: None,
-            client,
-        }
+        Self { client }
    }

-    pub async fn handle(self, request: region_request::Body) -> Result<AffectedRows> {
-        let request_type = request.as_ref().to_string();
+    pub async fn do_get_inner(&self, ticket: Ticket) -> Result<SendableRecordBatchStream> {
+        let mut flight_client = self.client.make_flight_client()?;
+        let response = flight_client
+            .mut_inner()
+            .do_get(ticket)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                let tonic_code = e.code();
+                let e: error::Error = e.into();
+                let code = e.status_code();
+                let msg = e.to_string();
+                let error = Error::FlightGet {
+                    tonic_code,
+                    addr: flight_client.addr().to_string(),
+                    source: BoxedError::new(ServerSnafu { code, msg }.build()),
+                };
+                error!(
+                    e; "Failed to do Flight get, addr: {}, code: {}",
+                    flight_client.addr(),
+                    tonic_code
+                );
+                error
+            })?;

-        let request = RegionRequest {
-            header: Some(RegionRequestHeader {
-                trace_id: self.trace_id,
-                span_id: self.span_id,
-            }),
-            body: Some(request),
+        let flight_data_stream = response.into_inner();
+        let mut decoder = FlightDecoder::default();
+
+        let mut flight_message_stream = flight_data_stream.map(move |flight_data| {
+            flight_data
+                .map_err(Error::from)
+                .and_then(|data| decoder.try_decode(data).context(ConvertFlightDataSnafu))
+        });
+
+        let Some(first_flight_message) = flight_message_stream.next().await else {
+            return IllegalFlightMessagesSnafu {
+                reason: "Expect the response not to be empty",
+            }
+            .fail();
+        };
+        let FlightMessage::Schema(schema) = first_flight_message? else {
+            return IllegalFlightMessagesSnafu {
+                reason: "Expect schema to be the first flight message",
+            }
+            .fail();
        };

-        let _timer = timer!(
-            metrics::METRIC_REGION_REQUEST_GRPC,
-            &[("request_type", request_type)]
-        );
+        let stream = Box::pin(stream!({
+            while let Some(flight_message) = flight_message_stream.next().await {
+                let flight_message = flight_message
+                    .map_err(BoxedError::new)
+                    .context(ExternalSnafu)?;
+                let FlightMessage::Recordbatch(record_batch) = flight_message else {
+                    yield IllegalFlightMessagesSnafu {
+                            reason: "A Schema message must be succeeded exclusively by a set of RecordBatch messages"
+                        }
+                        .fail()
+                        .map_err(BoxedError::new)
+                        .context(ExternalSnafu);
+                    break;
+                };
+                yield Ok(record_batch);
+            }
+        }));
+        let record_batch_stream = RecordBatchStreamAdaptor {
+            schema,
+            stream,
+            output_ordering: None,
+        };
+        Ok(Box::pin(record_batch_stream))
+    }
+
+    async fn handle_inner(&self, request: RegionRequest) -> Result<AffectedRows> {
+        let request_type = request
+            .body
+            .as_ref()
+            .with_context(|| MissingFieldSnafu { field: "body" })?
+            .as_ref()
+            .to_string();
+        let _timer = metrics::METRIC_REGION_REQUEST_GRPC
+            .with_label_values(&[request_type.as_str()])
+            .start_timer();

        let mut client = self.client.raw_region_client()?;

        let RegionResponse {
            header,
            affected_rows,
-        } = client.handle(request).await?.into_inner();
+        } = client
+            .handle(request)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                let code = e.code();
+                let err: error::Error = e.into();
+                // Uses `Error::RegionServer` instead of `Error::Server`
+                error::Error::RegionServer {
+                    code,
+                    source: BoxedError::new(err),
+                }
+            })?
+            .into_inner();

        check_response_header(header)?;

        Ok(affected_rows)
    }
+
+    pub async fn handle(&self, request: RegionRequest) -> Result<AffectedRows> {
+        self.handle_inner(request).await
+    }
 }

-fn check_response_header(header: Option<ResponseHeader>) -> Result<()> {
+pub fn check_response_header(header: Option<ResponseHeader>) -> Result<()> {
    let status = header
        .and_then(|header| header.status)
        .context(IllegalDatabaseResponseSnafu {
--- a/src/cmd/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/cmd/Cargo.toml
@@ -10,61 +10,69 @@ name = "greptime"
 path = "src/bin/greptime.rs"

 [features]
-default = ["metrics-process"]
 tokio-console = ["common-telemetry/tokio-console"]
-metrics-process = ["servers/metrics-process"]

 [dependencies]
 anymap = "1.0.0-beta.2"
 async-trait.workspace = true
 auth.workspace = true
-catalog = { workspace = true }
+catalog.workspace = true
 chrono.workspace = true
-clap = { version = "3.1", features = ["derive"] }
-client = { workspace = true }
-common-base = { workspace = true }
-common-error = { workspace = true }
-common-meta = { workspace = true }
-common-query = { workspace = true }
-common-recordbatch = { workspace = true }
+clap = { version = "4.4", features = ["derive"] }
+client.workspace = true
+common-base.workspace = true
+common-catalog.workspace = true
+common-config.workspace = true
+common-error.workspace = true
+common-macro.workspace = true
+common-meta.workspace = true
+common-procedure.workspace = true
+common-query.workspace = true
+common-recordbatch.workspace = true
 common-telemetry = { workspace = true, features = [
    "deadlock_detection",
 ] }
 config = "0.13"
-datanode = { workspace = true }
-datatypes = { workspace = true }
+datanode.workspace = true
+datatypes.workspace = true
 either = "1.8"
 etcd-client.workspace = true
-frontend = { workspace = true }
+file-engine.workspace = true
+frontend.workspace = true
 futures.workspace = true
-meta-client = { workspace = true }
-meta-srv = { workspace = true }
-metrics.workspace = true
+lazy_static.workspace = true
+meta-client.workspace = true
+meta-srv.workspace = true
+mito2.workspace = true
 nu-ansi-term = "0.46"
-partition = { workspace = true }
+partition.workspace = true
+plugins.workspace = true
+prometheus.workspace = true
 prost.workspace = true
-query = { workspace = true }
+query.workspace = true
 rand.workspace = true
+regex.workspace = true
 rustyline = "10.1"
 serde.workspace = true
-servers = { workspace = true }
-session = { workspace = true }
+serde_json.workspace = true
+servers.workspace = true
+session.workspace = true
 snafu.workspace = true
-substrait = { workspace = true }
-table = { workspace = true }
+substrait.workspace = true
+table.workspace = true
 tokio.workspace = true
+toml.workspace = true

 [target.'cfg(not(windows))'.dependencies]
 tikv-jemallocator = "0.5"

 [dev-dependencies]
-common-test-util = { workspace = true }
+common-test-util.workspace = true
 serde.workspace = true
 temp-env = "0.3"
-toml.workspace = true

 [target.'cfg(not(windows))'.dev-dependencies]
 rexpect = "0.5"

 [build-dependencies]
-common-version = { workspace = true }
+common-version.workspace = true
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More